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Yan Q, Zhao Y, Ma R, Wang B, Zhu Z, Li T, He D, Hocart CH, Zhou Y. Capping the hydroxyl groups (-OH) of α-cellulose to reduce Hy-groscopicity for accurate 18O/ 16O measurement by EA/Py/IRMS. Talanta 2023; 262:124698. [PMID: 37244243 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining an accurate measurement of 18O/16O at natural abundance level for land plants-derived α-cellulose with the currently popular EA/Py/IRMS (elemental analysis/pyrolysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry) method is a challenge due to the hygroscopic nature of the exposed hydroxyl groups, as the 18O/16O of adsorbed moisture is usually different from that of the α-cellulose and the relative amount of adsorbed moisture is sample- and relative humidity-dependent. To minimize the hygroscopicity-related measurement error, we capped the hydroxyl groups of α-cellulose by benzylation to various degrees and found that the 18O/16O ratio of α-cellulose increased with the degree of benzyl substitution (DS), consistent with the theoretical prediction that a reduced presence of exposed hydroxyl groups should lead to a more accurate (and therefore more reliable) α-cellulose 18O/16O measurement. We propose the establishment of a moisture adsorption-degree of substitution or percentage of oxygen-18O/16O ratio equation, based on the measurement of C%, O% and δ18O of variably capped α-cellulose, so that a robust correction can be made in a plant species- and laboratory conditions-specific manner. Failure to do so will lead to an average underestimate of α-cellulose δ18O by 3.5 mUr under "average" laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin Yan
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ran Ma
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Australia
| | - Ding He
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charles H Hocart
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Youping Zhou
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Isotopomics in Chemical & Biological Oceanography (ICBO), Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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2
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Förster B, Rourke LM, Weerasooriya HN, Pabuayon ICM, Rolland V, Au EK, Bala S, Bajsa-Hirschel J, Kaines S, Kasili R, LaPlace L, Machingura MC, Massey B, Rosati VC, Stuart-Williams H, Badger MR, Price GD, Moroney JV. The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast envelope protein LCIA transports bicarbonate in planta. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023:erad116. [PMID: 36987927 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
LCIA is a chloroplast envelope protein associated with the CO2 concentrating mechanism of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. LCIA is postulated to be a HCO3- channel, but previous studies were unable to show that LCIA was actively transporting bicarbonate in planta. Therefore, LCIA activity was investigated more directly in two heterologous systems: an E. coli mutant (DCAKO) lacking both native carbonic anhydrases and an Arabidopsis mutant (βca5) missing the plastid carbonic anhydrase βCA5. Both DCAKO and βca5 cannot grow in ambient CO2 conditions, as they lack carbonic anhydrase-catalyzed production of the necessary HCO3- concentration for lipid and nucleic acid biosynthesis. Expression of LCIA restored growth in both systems in ambient CO2 conditions, which strongly suggests that LCIA is facilitating HCO3- uptake in each system. To our knowledge, this is the first direct evidence that LCIA moves HCO3- across membranes in bacteria and plants. Furthermore, the βca5 plant bioassay used in this study is the first system for testing HCO3- transport activity in planta, an experimental breakthrough that will be valuable for future studies aimed at improving the photosynthetic efficiency of crop plants using components from algal CO2 concentrating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Förster
- The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Loraine M Rourke
- The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Hiruni N Weerasooriya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Isaiah C M Pabuayon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Vivien Rolland
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Eng Kee Au
- The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Soumi Bala
- The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Joanna Bajsa-Hirschel
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Sarah Kaines
- The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Remmy Kasili
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Lillian LaPlace
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | | | - Baxter Massey
- The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Viviana C Rosati
- Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Murray R Badger
- The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - G Dean Price
- The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - James V Moroney
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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3
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Rani A, Zhao Y, Yan Q, Wang Y, Ma R, Zhu Z, Wang B, Li T, Zhou X, Hocart CH, Zhou Y. On the Chemical Purity and Oxygen Isotopic Composition of α-Cellulose Extractable from Higher Plants and the Implications for Climate, Metabolic, and Physiological Studies. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4871-4879. [PMID: 36878693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The 18O/16O ratio of α-cellulose in land plants has proved of interest for climate, environmental, physiological, and metabolic studies. Reliable application of such a ratio may be compromised by the presence of hemicellulose impurities in the α-cellulose product obtainable with current extraction methods, as the impurities are known to be isotopically different from that of the α-cellulose. We first compared the quality of hydrolysates of "α-cellulose products" obtained with four representative extraction methods (Jayme and Wise; Brendel; Zhou; Loader) and quantified the hemicellulose-derived non-glucose sugars in the α-cellulose products from 40 land grass species using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Second, we performed compound-specific isotope analysis of the hydrolysates using GC/Pyrolysis/IRMS. These results were then compared with the bulk isotope analysis using EA/Pyrolysis/IRMS of the α-cellulose products. We found that overall, the Zhou method afforded the highest purity α-cellulose as judged by the minimal presence of lignin and the second-lowest presence of non-glucose sugars. Isotopic analysis then showed that the O-2-O-6 of the α-cellulose glucosyl units were all depleted in 18O by 0.0-4.3 mUr (average, 1.9 mUr) in a species-dependent manner relative to the α-cellulose products. The positive isotopic bias of using the α-cellulose product instead of the glucosyl units stems mainly from the fact that the pentoses that dominate hemicellulose contamination in the α-cellulose product are relatively enriched in 18O (compared to hexoses) as they inherit only the relatively 18O-enriched O-2-O-5 moiety of sucrose, the common precursor of pentoses and hexoses in cellulose, and are further enriched in 18O by the (incomplete) hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andleeb Rani
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qiulin Yan
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ran Ma
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns 4878, Australia
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- Isotopomics in Chemical & Biological Oceanography (ICBO), Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Charles H Hocart
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton 2601, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Youping Zhou
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Isotopomics in Chemical & Biological Oceanography (ICBO), Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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4
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Non-Thermal Plasma as a Biomass Pretreatment in Biorefining Processes. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11020536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Climatic changes and the growing population call for innovative solutions that are able to produce biochemicals by adopting environmentally sustainable procedures. The biorefinery concept meets this requirement. However, one of the main drawbacks of biorefineries is represented by the feedstocks’ pretreatment. Lately, scientific research has focused on non-thermal plasma, which is an innovative and sustainable pretreatment that is able to obtain a high sugar concentration. In the present review, literature related to the use of non-thermal plasma for the production of fermentable sugar have been collected. In particular, its sugar extraction, time, and energy consumption have been compared with those of traditional biomass pretreatments. As reported, on one hand, this emerging technology is characterized by low costs and no waste production; on the other hand, the reactor’s configuration must be optimized to reduce time and energy demand.
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5
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Song W, Liu XY. Source oxygen contributions of primary nitrate emitted from biomass burning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158736. [PMID: 36122720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrate (NO3-) produced by photochemical oxidation in the atmosphere has high oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O values). Recently, the primary NO3- emitted from combustion sources was found to have much lower δ18O values. However, it is unclear how and to what extents the low δ18O signatures were controlled by major O sources during the primary NO3- formation of combustion processes. Here, we first measured concentrations and δ18O values of NO3- from burning five biomass materials (bb-NO3- and δ18Obb-NO3-, respectively) in China. Distinctly higher concentration levels of the bb-NO3- emissions (42.1 ± 8.1 μmol m-3) than ambient NO3- suggest it is a potential source of atmospheric NO3- pollution. Much lower δ18Obb-NO3- signatures (27.6 ± 2.7 ‰) than ambient NO3- support it as a primary emission source with different O sources and formation mechanism from secondary NO3-. Isotope mass-balance modeling revealed that atmospheric O2 and the biomass O dominated the O of bb-NO3- (53 ± 7 % and 40 ± 4 %, respectively) over the aqueous vapor (7 ± 3 %). Besides, we found increasing δ18Obb-NO3- values with the biomass N contents and relatively lower δ18Obb-NO3- values for biomasses with higher carbon (C) and lower O contents, indicating that biomass C, N, and O contents may influence the source O contributions of the bb-NO3-. This work provides a novel isotope analysis on the O source contribution of the bb-NO3-, which is useful for understanding the formation mechanism of combustion-related NO3- sources and evaluating the primary NO3- emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xue-Yan Liu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Zhang Y, Xu W, Ma N, Shen Y, Xu F, Wang Y, Wu N, Guo Z, Jiang L. Revealing the key role of structural cross-link between lignin and polysaccharides during fast pyrolysis of lignocellulose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127714. [PMID: 35917858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) is the native existing form of major components in lignocellulose. In this study, the structural cross-link between lignin and polysaccharides in lignocellulose was quantitatively estimated with carboxymethylation-separation (CM-Sep) method, and its influence on lignocellulose pyrolysis was systematically investigated. The cross-linked lignin was found to positively correlate with the production of small molecules and furan derivatives while negatively affecting the generation of anhydrous sugars. Content of small molecules was increased by 97% while that of anhydrous sugars was decreased by 47% in pyrolytic products with levoglucosan yield lowered by 54 wt% in the existence of cross-linked lignin. Furthermore, the impact of cross-linked lignin was revealed to be significantly distinguished from free lignin. Impeded glycosidic end formation and boosted glycosyl ring scission as well as lignin fragmentation were responsible for the distinction. Excellent correlations between structural cross-link and lignocellulose pyrolytome could facilitate product prediction and process design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchuan Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Biomass High-value Utilization, Guangdong Plant Fiber Comprehensive Utilization Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Comprehensive Utilization, Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China; Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weiting Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Nianfang Ma
- Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Biomass High-value Utilization, Guangdong Plant Fiber Comprehensive Utilization Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Comprehensive Utilization, Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Feixiang Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yitong Wang
- College of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Street, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Nannan Wu
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Zhengxiao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liqun Jiang
- Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Biomass High-value Utilization, Guangdong Plant Fiber Comprehensive Utilization Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Comprehensive Utilization, Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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7
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Salim MH, Kassab Z, Ablouh EH, Sehaqui H, Aboulkas A, Bouhfid R, Qaiss AEK, El Achaby M. Manufacturing of macroporous cellulose monolith from green macroalgae and its application for wastewater treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 200:182-192. [PMID: 34995656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enormous interest in using marine biomass as a sustainable resource for water treatment has been manifested over the past few decades. Herein, the objective was to investigate the possible use of green macroalgae (Codium tomentosum) for cellulose-based foam production through a versatile and convenient process. Macroporous cellulose monolith was prepared from cellulose hydrogel using freeze-drying process, resulting in a mechanically rigid monolith with a high swelling ratio. The as-produced spongy-like porous cellulosic material was used as bio-sorbent for wastewater treatment, particularly for removing methylene blue (MB) dye from concentrated aqueous solution. The adsorption capacity of MB was subsequently studied, and the effect of adsorption process parameters was determined in a controlled batch system. From the kinetic studies, it was found that the adsorption equilibrium was reached within 660 min. Furthermore, the analysis of the adsorption kinetics reveals that the data could be fitted by a pseudo-second order model, while the adsorption isotherm could be described by Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 454 mg/g. The findings suggested that the produced cellulose monolith could be used as a sustainable adsorbent for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamid Salim
- Materials Science, Energy and Nano-engineering (MSN) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Zineb Kassab
- Materials Science, Energy and Nano-engineering (MSN) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
| | - El-Houssaine Ablouh
- Materials Science, Energy and Nano-engineering (MSN) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Houssine Sehaqui
- Materials Science, Energy and Nano-engineering (MSN) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Adil Aboulkas
- Laboratoire des procédés chimiques et matériaux appliqués (LPCMA), Faculté polydisciplinaire de Béni-Mellal, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, BP 592, 23000 Béni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Rachid Bouhfid
- Composites and Nanocomposites Center (CNC), Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Rabat Design Center, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat El Irfane, 10100 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abou El Kacem Qaiss
- Composites and Nanocomposites Center (CNC), Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Rabat Design Center, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat El Irfane, 10100 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mounir El Achaby
- Materials Science, Energy and Nano-engineering (MSN) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
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Wang Y, Zhu Z, Xia Y, Zhong M, Ma R, Zhao Y, Yan Q, Miao Q, Wang B, Ma Y, Yin X, Zhou Y. Accessing the position-specific 18O/ 16O ratios of lignin monomeric units from higher plants with highly selective hydrogenolysis followed by GC/Py/IRMS analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1171:338667. [PMID: 34112441 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The 18O/16O of lignin at bulk, molecular and positional levels can be used to extract valuable information about climate, plant growth environment, plant physiology, and plant metabolism. Access to the individual oxygen isotope compositions (δ18O) in the lignin monomeric units is, however, challenging as depolymerization of lignin to release the monomeric units may cause isotope fractionation. We have developed a novel method to measure the δ18O of the three oxygens (O-3, O-4 and O-5) attached to the aromatic ring of the monomeric units (bearing no oxygen in their side chains) releasable by highly selective W2C/AC (tungsten carbide supported by activated carbon)-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of lignin. O-4 is obtained by measuring the δ18O of H-type monomeric unit, while O-3 and O-5 can be calculated following isotope mass balance between H, G and S-type monomeric units measurable simultaneously with GC/Py/IRMS (gas chromatography-pyrolysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry). The measurement precisions are better than 1.15 mUr and 4.15 mUr at molecular and positional levels, respectively. It was shown that there were a δ18OH > δ18OG > δ18OS isotopic order in the herbaceous plant lignin and an (inclusive) opposite order in woody plant lignin. Such differences in isotopic order is likely to be caused by the fact that both L-tyrosine, which carries an 18O-enriched leaf water signal, and L-phenylalanine, which carries mainly a molecular O2 isotopic signal, serve as the precursors for lignin biosynthesis in herbaceous plants while only the latter serves as precursor for lignin biosynthesis in woody plants. We have highlighted the potential application of such molecular and positional levels isotopic signals in plant physiological, metabolic, lignin biosynthetic and climate studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB) & Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang, University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB) & Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang, University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB) & Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang, University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Muyang Zhong
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB) & Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang, University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ran Ma
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB) & Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang, University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB) & Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang, University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Qiulin Yan
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB) & Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang, University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Qing Miao
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB) & Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang, University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB) & Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang, University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB) & Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang, University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xijie Yin
- MNR Third Institute of Oceanology, Daxue Rd, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Youping Zhou
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB) & Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang, University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 51900, China; International Center for Isotope Effects Research (ICIER), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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9
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Zhu Z, Yin X, Song X, Wang B, Ma R, Zhao Y, Rani A, Wang Y, Yan Q, Jing S, Gessler A, Zhou Y. Leaf transition from heterotrophy to autotrophy is recorded in the intraleaf C, H and O isotope patterns of leaf organic matter. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8840. [PMID: 32441059 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Quantitatively relating 13 C/12 C, 2 H/1 H and 18 O/16 O ratios of plant α-cellulose and 2 H/1 H of n-alkanes to environmental conditions and metabolic status should ideally be based on the leaf, the plant organ most sensitive to environmental change. The fact that leaf organic matter is composed of isotopically different heterotrophic and autotrophic components means that it is imperative that one be able to disentangle the relative heterotrophic and autotrophic contributions to leaf organic matter. METHODS We tackled this issue by two-dimensional sampling of leaf water and α-cellulose, and specific n-alkanes from greenhouse-grown immature and mature and field-grown mature banana leaves, taking advantage of their large areas and thick waxy layers. Leaf water, α-cellulose and n-alkane isotope ratios were then characterized using elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) or gas chromatography IRMS. A three-member (heterotrophy, autotrophy and photoheterotrophy) conceptual linear mixing model was then proposed for disentangling the relative contributions of the three trophic modes. RESULTS We discovered distinct spatial leaf water, α-cellulose and n-alkane isotope ratio patterns that varied with leaf developmental stages. We inferred from the conceptual model that, averaged over the leaf blade, only 20% of α-cellulose in banana leaf is autotrophically laid down in both greenhouse-grown and field-grown banana leaves, while approximately 60% and 100% of n-alkanes are produced autotrophically in greenhouse-grown and field-grown banana leaves, respectively. There exist distinct lateral (edge to midrib) gradients in autotrophic contributions of α-cellulose and n-alkanes. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to establish quantitative isotope-environment relationships should take into account the fact that the evaporative leaf water 18 O and 2 H enrichment signal recorded in autotrophically laid down α-cellulose is significantly diluted by the heterotrophically formed α-cellulose. The δ2 H value of field-grown mature banana leaf n-alkanes is much more sensitive than α-cellulose as a recorder of the growth environment. Quantitative isotope-environment relationship based on greenhouse-grown n-alkane δ2 H values may not be reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhu
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xijie Yin
- Laboratory of Marine & Coastal Geology, MNR Third Institute of Oceanology, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xin Song
- School of Life and Marine Sciences, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Road, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ran Ma
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Andleeb Rani
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Qiulin Yan
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Su Jing
- Laboratory of Marine & Coastal Geology, MNR Third Institute of Oceanology, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Youping Zhou
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
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Wang B, Zheng S, Huang Y, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Ma R, Zhao Y, Yin X, Su J, Xiong J, Zhang B, Zhou Y. Novel GC/Py/GC/IRMS-Based Method for Isotope Measurements of Nitrate and Nitrite. I: Converting Nitrate to Benzyl Nitrate for δ18O Analysis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12216-12225. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi’an 710021, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Ran Ma
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Xijie Yin
- MNR Third Institute of Oceanology, Daxue Rd, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing Su
- MNR Third Institute of Oceanology, Daxue Rd, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Juan Xiong
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Rd, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Benli Zhang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Youping Zhou
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi’an 710021, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519000, China
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11
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Zhu Z, Yin X, Lu F, Wang B, Ma R, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Ma Y, Su J, Yan Q, Hocart CH, Zhou Y. The effect of processing medium on the 2 H/ 1 H of carbon-bound hydrogen in α-cellulose extracted from higher plants. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8641. [PMID: 31965648 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Although the 2 H/1 H ratio of the carbon-bound hydrogens (C-Hs) in α-cellulose extracted from higher plants has long been used successfully for climate, environmental and metabolic studies, the assumption that bleaching with acidified NaClO2 to remove lignin before pure α-cellulose can be obtained does not alter the 2 H/1 H ratio of α-cellulose C-Hs has nonetheless not been tested. METHODS For reliable application of the 2 H/1 H ratio of α-cellulose C-H, we processed plant materials representing different phytochemistries and photosynthetic carbon assimilation modes in isotopically contrasting bleaching media (with an isotopic difference of 273 mUr). All the isotope ratios were measured by elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS). RESULTS Our results show that H from the bleaching medium does appear in the final pure α-cellulose product, although the isotopic alteration to the C-H in α-cellulose due to the incorporation of processing H from the medium is small if isotopically "natural" water is used to prepare the processing medium. However, under prolonged bleaching such an isotope effect can be significant, implying that standardizing the bleaching process is necessary for reliable 2 H/1 H measurement. CONCLUSIONS The currently adopted method for removing lignin for α-cellulose extraction from higher plant materials with acidified NaClO2 bleaching is considered acceptable in terms of preserving the isotopic fidelity if isotopically "natural" water is used to prepare the bleaching solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhu
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Xijie Yin
- Laboratory of Marine & Coastal Geology, MNR Third Institute of Oceanology, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Fengyan Lu
- Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ran Ma
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jing Su
- Laboratory of Marine & Coastal Geology, MNR Third Institute of Oceanology, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qiulin Yan
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Charles H Hocart
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Youping Zhou
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519000, China
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12
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Abstract
D- and most L-enantiomers of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-containing compounds occur naturally in plants and other organisms. These enantiomers play many important roles in plants including building up biomass, defense against pathogens, herbivory, abiotic stress, and plant nutrition. Carbohydrate enantiomers are also precursors of many plant compounds that significantly contribute to plant aroma. Microorganisms, insects, and other animals utilize both types of carbohydrate enantiomers, but their biomass and excrements are dominated by D-enantiomers. The aim of this work was to review the current knowledge about carbohydrate enantiomers in ecosystems with respect to both their metabolism in plants and occurrence in soils, and to identify critical knowledge gaps and directions for future research. Knowledge about the significance of D- versus L-enantiomers of carbohydrates in soils is rare. Determining the mechanism of genetic regulation of D- and L-carbohydrate metabolism in plants with respect to pathogen and pest control and ecosystem interactions represent the knowledge gaps and a direction for future research.
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13
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Foo ML, Tan CR, Lim PD, Ooi CW, Tan KW, Chew IML. Surface-modified nanocrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch for effective binding of curcumin. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:1064-1071. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw by two-step pretreatment combining alkalization and adsorption. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9831-9842. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Ma R, Zhu Z, Wang B, Zhao Y, Yin X, Lu F, Wang Y, Su J, Hocart CH, Zhou Y. Novel Position-Specific 18O/16O Measurement of Carbohydrates. I. O-3 of Glucose and Confirmation of 18O/16O Heterogeneity at Natural Abundance Levels in Glucose from Starch in a C4 Plant. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10293-10301. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ma
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Xijie Yin
- SOA Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fengyan Lu
- Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Jing Su
- SOA Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Charles H. Hocart
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Youping Zhou
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
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16
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Zhang H, Liu X, Li J, Jiang Z, Hu C. Performances of Several Solvents on the Cleavage of Inter- and Intramolecular Linkages of Lignin in Corncob Residue. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018. [PMID: 29542869 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201800309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The performances of solvents, including γ-butyrolactone (GBL), γ-valerolactone (GVL), tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethyl acetate (EAC), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF), and the corresponding mixtures with H2 O, on the cleavage of inter- and intramolecular linkages of lignin in corncob residue were investigated. At 200 °C, miscible cosolvents (H2 O-GBL, H2 O-GVL, and H2 O-THF) exhibited much better efficiency for lignin dissolution than that of both immiscible cosolvents (H2 O-EAC and H2 O-2-MeTHF) and pure solvents. The synergetic effect between H2 O and organic solvent significantly promoted the breakage of intermolecular linkages between C6-O-H of amorphous cellulose and lignin. GBL and THF solvents preferentially dissolved lignin with H and G units, whereas GVL, EAC, and 2-MeTHF solvents exhibited high selectivity for the dissolution of lignin with S and G units. In addition to dissolution, the intramolecular β-O-4 linkage in lignin could be selectively cleaved in H2 O-GBL cosolvent, whereas the β-O-4, α-O-4, and β-5 linkages were cleaved in H2 O-EAC, H2 O-THF, and H2 O-2-MeTHF cosolvents. At 300 °C, the breakage of the β-γ bond prior to β-O-4 in H2 O-GBL, H2 O-THF, H2 O-EAC, and H2 O-2-MeTHF produced 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol selectively (accounting for ≈70 % of the total identified monophenols), whereas the α-1 bond was preferably broken in H2 O-GVL to form guaiacol (accounting for ≈75 % of the total identified monophenols).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, PR China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, PR China
| | - Jianmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, PR China
| | - Changwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, PR China
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17
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Carrier M, Windt M, Ziegler B, Appelt J, Saake B, Meier D, Bridgwater A. Quantitative Insights into the Fast Pyrolysis of Extracted Cellulose, Hemicelluloses, and Lignin. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10. [PMID: 28644517 PMCID: PMC5582602 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into bio-based commodity chemicals is technically possible. Among thermochemical processes, fast pyrolysis, a relatively mature technology that has now reached a commercial level, produces a high yield of an organic-rich liquid stream. Despite recent efforts to elucidate the degradation paths of biomass during pyrolysis, the selectivity and recovery rates of bio-compounds remain low. In an attempt to clarify the general degradation scheme of biomass fast pyrolysis and provide a quantitative insight, the use of fast pyrolysis microreactors is combined with spectroscopic techniques (i.e., mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy) and mixtures of unlabeled and 13 C-enriched materials. The first stage of the work aimed to select the type of reactor to use to ensure control of the pyrolysis regime. A comparison of the chemical fragmentation patterns of "primary" fast pyrolysis volatiles detected by using GC-MS between two small-scale microreactors showed the inevitable occurrence of secondary reactions. In the second stage, liquid fractions that are also made of primary fast pyrolysis condensates were analyzed by using quantitative liquid-state 13 C NMR spectroscopy to provide a quantitative distribution of functional groups. The compilation of these results into a map that displays the distribution of functional groups according to the individual and main constituents of biomass (i.e., hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin) confirmed the origin of individual chemicals within the fast pyrolysis liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Carrier
- European Bioenergy Research InstituteAston UniversityBirminghamB4 7ETUK
| | - Michael Windt
- Thünen Institute of Wood ResearchBio-based Resources and MaterialsLeuschnerstr. 9121031HamburgGermany
| | - Bernhard Ziegler
- Thünen Institute of Wood ResearchBio-based Resources and MaterialsLeuschnerstr. 9121031HamburgGermany
| | - Jörn Appelt
- Thünen Institute of Wood ResearchBio-based Resources and MaterialsLeuschnerstr. 9121031HamburgGermany
| | - Bodo Saake
- University of HamburgChemical Wood TechnologyLeuschnerstr 9121031HamburgGermany
| | - Dietrich Meier
- Thünen Institute of Wood ResearchBio-based Resources and MaterialsLeuschnerstr. 9121031HamburgGermany
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Leo VV, Passari AK, Joshi JB, Mishra VK, Uthandi S, Ramesh N, Gupta VK, Saikia R, Sonawane VC, Singh BP. A Novel Triculture System (CC3) for Simultaneous Enzyme Production and Hydrolysis of Common Grasses through Submerged Fermentation. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:447. [PMID: 27065995 PMCID: PMC4815437 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The perennial grasses are considered as a rich source of lignocellulosic biomass, making it a second generation alternative energy source and can diminish the use of fossil fuels. In this work, four perennial grasses Saccharum arundinaceum, Panicum antidotale, Thysanolaena latifolia, and Neyraudia reynaudiana were selected to verify their potential as a substrate to produce hydrolytic enzymes and to evaluate them as second generation energy biomass. Here, cellulase and hemi-cellulase producing three endophytic bacteria (Burkholderia cepacia BPS-GB3, Alcaligenes faecalis BPS-GB5 and Enterobacter hormaechei BPS-GB8) recovered from N. reynaudiana and S. arundinaceum were selected to develop a triculture (CC3) consortium. During 12 days of submerged cultivation, a 55–70% loss in dry weight was observed and the maximum activity of β-glucosidase (5.36–12.34 IU) and Xylanase (4.33 to 10.91 IU) were observed on 2nd and 6th day respectively, whereas FPase (0.26 to 0.53 IU) and CMCase (2.31 to 4.65 IU) showed maximum activity on 4th day. Around 15–30% more enzyme activity was produced in CC3 as compared to monoculture (CC1) and coculture (CC2) treatments, suggested synergetic interaction among the selected three bacterial strains. Further, the biomass was assessed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FTIR analysis provides important insights into the reduction of cellulose and hemicellulose moieties in CC3 treated biomass and SEM studies shed light into the disruption of surface structure leading to access of cellulose or hemicelluloses microtubules. The hydrolytic potential of the CC3 system was further enhanced due to reduction in lignin as evidenced by 1–4% lignin reduction in biomass compositional analysis. Additionally, laccase gene was detected from A. faecalis and E. hormaechei which further shows the laccase production potential of the isolates. To our knowledge, first time we develop an effective endophytic endogenous bacterial triculture system having potential for the production of extracellular enzymes utilizing S. arundinaceum and N. reynaudiana as lignocellulosic feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent V Leo
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram UniversityAizawl, India; Department of Biotechnology, J.J College for Arts and SciencePudukkottai, India
| | - Ajit K Passari
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University Aizawl, India
| | - J Beslin Joshi
- Biocatalysts Lab, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore, India
| | - Vineet K Mishra
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University Aizawl, India
| | - Sivakumar Uthandi
- Biocatalysts Lab, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore, India
| | - N Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, J.J College for Arts and Science Pudukkottai, India
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- Molecular Glyco-biotechnology Group, Department of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway Galway, Ireland
| | - Ratul Saikia
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Vijay C Sonawane
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre (BERPDC), Institute of Microbial Technology Chandigarh, India
| | - Bhim P Singh
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University Aizawl, India
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19
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Sun S, Sun S, Cao X, Sun R. The role of pretreatment in improving the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 199:49-58. [PMID: 26321216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic materials are among the most promising alternative energy resources that can be utilized to produce cellulosic ethanol. However, the physical and chemical structure of lignocellulosic materials forms strong native recalcitrance and results in relatively low yield of ethanol from raw lignocellulosic materials. An appropriate pretreatment method is required to overcome this recalcitrance. For decades various pretreatment processes have been developed to improve the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass. Each pretreatment process has a different specificity on altering the physical and chemical structure of lignocellulosic materials. In this paper, the chemical structure of lignocellulosic biomass and factors likely affect the digestibility of lignocellulosic materials are discussed, and then an overview about the most important pretreatment processes available are provided. In particular, the combined pretreatment strategies are reviewed for improving the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose and realizing the comprehensive utilization of lignocellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoni Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shaolong Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuefei Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Runcang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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20
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Chen ZG, Yin XJ, Zhou Y. Effects of GC temperature and carrier gas flow rate on on-line oxygen isotope measurement as studied by on-column CO injection. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:1023-1030. [PMID: 28338273 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although deemed important to δ18 O measurement by on-line high-temperature conversion techniques, how the GC conditions affect δ18 O measurement is rarely examined adequately. We therefore directly injected different volumes of CO or CO-N2 mix onto the GC column by a six-port valve and examined the CO yield, CO peak shape, CO-N2 separation, and δ18 O value under different GC temperatures and carrier gas flow rates. The results show the CO peak area decreases when the carrier gas flow rate increases. The GC temperature has no effect on peak area. The peak width increases with the increase of CO injection volume but decreases with the increase of GC temperature and carrier gas flow rate. The peak intensity increases with the increase of GC temperature and CO injection volume but decreases with the increase of carrier gas flow rate. The peak separation time between N2 and CO decreases with an increase of GC temperature and carrier gas flow rate. δ18 O value decreases with the increase of CO injection volume (when half m/z 28 intensity is <3 V) and GC temperature but is insensitive to carrier gas flow rate. On average, the δ18 O value of the injected CO is about 1‰ higher than that of identical reference CO. The δ18 O distribution pattern of the injected CO is probably a combined result of ion source nonlinearity and preferential loss of C16 O or oxygen isotopic exchange between zeolite and CO. For practical application, a lower carrier gas flow rate is therefore recommended as it has the combined advantages of higher CO yield, better N2 -CO separation, lower He consumption, and insignificant effect on δ18 O value, while a higher-than-60 °C GC temperature and a larger-than-100 µl CO volume is also recommended. When no N2 peak is expected, a higher GC temperature is recommended, and vice versa. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Chen
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xi-Jie Yin
- The Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Youping Zhou
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, ZALF, Müncheberg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Neuglobsow, Germany
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Ahn Y, Kang Y, Park B, Ku MK, Lee SH, Kim H. Influence of lignin on rheological behaviors and electrospinning of polysaccharide solution. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Ahn
- Department of Textile Engineering; Konkuk University; 1 Hwayang Gwangjin 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwoong Kang
- Department of Textile Engineering; Konkuk University; 1 Hwayang Gwangjin 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Beomsu Park
- Department of Textile Engineering; Konkuk University; 1 Hwayang Gwangjin 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Ku
- Department of Textile Engineering; Konkuk University; 1 Hwayang Gwangjin 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Lee
- Department of Microbial Engineering; Konkuk University; 1 Hwayang Gwangjin 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsup Kim
- Department of Textile Engineering; Konkuk University; 1 Hwayang Gwangjin 143-701 Republic of Korea
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Lyons GA, McRoberts C, Sharma HS, McCormack R, Carmichael E, McCall RD. Rapid analysis of purified cellulose extracted from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) by instrumental analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 146:184-191. [PMID: 23933026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dried, milled perennial ryegrass samples were processed using chemical and physical treatments and the extracted cellulose products were analysed for yield, crystallinity by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and for purity using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Extraction protocols examined the use of chemical chelation, acid and alkaline hydrolysis, along with physical degradation methods. Highest product yields were obtained using single step chemical protocols followed by physical processing, however, these products had low crystallinity and higher amorphous fraction content. Multistep chemical processing to completely remove hemicellulose and lignin with an alkali refluxing step, delivered lower yielding cellulose products of greater crystallinity and purity. In combination, the four instrumental techniques highlighted removal of amorphous fractions, providing rapid, accurate compositional data on the extracted cellulose products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Lyons
- Plant Health and Environmental Protection Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute for Northern Ireland, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK.
| | - Colin McRoberts
- Food Chemistry Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute for Northern Ireland, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK
| | - H Shekhar Sharma
- Plant Health and Environmental Protection Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute for Northern Ireland, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK
| | - Ruth McCormack
- Food Chemistry Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute for Northern Ireland, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK
| | - Eugene Carmichael
- Plant Health and Environmental Protection Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute for Northern Ireland, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK
| | - R David McCall
- Plant Health and Environmental Protection Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute for Northern Ireland, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK
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de Oliveira EM, da Costa RF, Sanchez SD, Natalense APP, Bettega MHF, Lima MAP, Varella MTDN. Low-energy electron scattering by cellulose and hemicellulose components. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:1682-9. [PMID: 23247550 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43375c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report elastic integral, differential and momentum transfer cross sections for low-energy electron scattering by the cellulose components β-D-glucose and cellobiose (β(1 → 4) linked glucose dimer), and the hemicellulose component β-D-xylose. For comparison with the β forms, we also obtain results for the amylose subunits α-D-glucose and maltose (α(1 → 4) linked glucose dimer). The integral cross sections show double peaked broad structures between 8 eV and 20 eV similar to previously reported results for tetrahydrofuran and 2-deoxyribose, suggesting a general feature of molecules containing furanose and pyranose rings. These broad structures would reflect OH, CO and/or CC σ* resonances, where inspection of low-lying virtual orbitals suggests significant contribution from anion states. Though we do not examine dissociation pathways, these anion states could play a role in dissociative electron attachment mechanisms, in case they were coupled to the long-lived π* anions found in lignin subunits [de Oliveira et al., Phys. Rev. A, 2012, 86, 020701(R)]. Altogether, the resonance spectra of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose components establish a physical-chemical basis for electron-induced biomass pretreatment that could be applied to biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane M de Oliveira
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE/CNPEM), CP 6170, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Leskinen T, King AWT, Kilpeläinen I, Argyropoulos DS. Fractionation of Lignocellulosic Materials Using Ionic Liquids: Part 2. Effect of Particle Size on the Mechanisms of Fractionation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie302896n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Leskinen
- Departments of
Chemistry and
Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, United States
| | - Alistair W. T. King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55, 00014 Helsinki,
Finland
| | - Ilkka Kilpeläinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55, 00014 Helsinki,
Finland
| | - Dimitris S. Argyropoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55, 00014 Helsinki,
Finland
- Departments of
Chemistry and
Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, United States
- Center of Excellence for Advanced
Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Zhou CH, Xia X, Lin CX, Tong DS, Beltramini J. Catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fine chemicals and fuels. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:5588-617. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15124j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 977] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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