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Wongwad E, Jadsadajerm S, Mungmai L, Wisetsai A. Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Anti-Glycation, and Anti-Tyrosinase Compounds from the Leaves of Uvaria Siamensis. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400319. [PMID: 38423999 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A new oxidized heptene, 7-benzoyloxy-4-hydroxy-1-ethoxy-2E,4Z-heptadiene-1,6-dione, namely siamheptene A (1), together with eight known compounds (2-9), were isolated from the leaves of Uvaria siamensis. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of spectroscopic (IR, 1D and 2D NMR) and mass spectrometric data. Compound 9 is reported for the first time from Uvaria genus. Siamheptene A was evaluated for cytotoxicity against HeLa (cervical cancer cells), A549 (lung cancer cells), and Vero cells using the MTT assay and screened for antibacterial activities. In addition, the isolated compounds (1-7, and 9) were investigated for their antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS+ assays), anti-glycation, and anti-tyrosinase properties. Based on our results, compound 1 had mild cytotoxicity against Hela and A549 cancer cell lines, with IC50 ranging from 31.09 to 31.67 μg/mL. Compound 1 also showed antioxidant activities in all tasted assays. However, it showed no detectable activity (>128 μg/mL) against various bacterial strains, and it has no inhibitory effects on tyrosinase enzymes. Among of all tested compounds, chrysin (5), showcased highest anti-glycation and anti-tyrosinase activities. This comprehensive analysis provides highlighting the potential of 1 as a lead compound for further structural modification and development of cytotoxic or antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eakkaluk Wongwad
- Department of Cosmetic Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Supachai Jadsadajerm
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Lapatrada Mungmai
- Department of Cosmetic Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Awat Wisetsai
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
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2
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Li W, Cheng X, Zhu G, Hu Y, Wang Y, Niu Y, Li H, Aierken A, Li J, Feng L, Liu G. A review of chemotherapeutic drugs-induced arrhythmia and potential intervention with traditional Chinese medicines. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1340855. [PMID: 38572424 PMCID: PMC10987752 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1340855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in chemotherapy drugs have reduced mortality in patients with malignant tumors. However, chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity increases the morbidity and mortality of patients, and has become the second leading cause of death after tumor recurrence, which has received more and more attention in recent years. Arrhythmia is one of the common types of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, and has become a new risk related to chemotherapy treatment, which seriously affects the therapeutic outcome in patients. Traditional Chinese medicine has experienced thousands of years of clinical practice in China, and has accumulated a wealth of medical theories and treatment formulas, which has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of malignant diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine may reduce the arrhythmic toxicity caused by chemotherapy without affecting the anti-cancer effect. This paper mainly discussed the types and pathogenesis of secondary chemotherapeutic drug-induced arrhythmia (CDIA), and summarized the studies on Chinese medicine compounds, Chinese medicine Combination Formula and Chinese medicine injection that may be beneficial in intervention with secondary CDIA including atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmia and sinus bradycardia, in order to provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Cheng
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Hu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Tianjin, China
| | - Yunhan Wang
- Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yueyue Niu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongping Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aikeremu Aierken
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Feng
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guifang Liu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Duan C, Qin H, Bi D, Gao Y, Xie H, Dai Q, Wang L. Caesalpinflavans D-F and caesalpinnone B, hybrid flavan-chalcones and normonoterpene-chalcone heterodimer from Caesalpinia digyna. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 217:113925. [PMID: 37977253 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Three undescribed hybrid flavan-chalcones, caesalpinflavans D-F, and an unreported normonoterpene-chalcone heterodimer, caesalpinnone B, along with three known biflavonoids were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Caesalpinia digyna. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis and quantum chemical calculations. Caesalpinflavan F was identified as a bis-(hybrid flavan-chalcone), its natural occurrence was supported by HPLC-IT-TOF-MS analysis. The condensation of caesalpinflavan B with acetone was possibly a key step in the biosynthesis of caesalpinflavan F. Caesalpinnone B represents an unprecedented meroterpenoid featuring a cyclobutane central framework, which was derived from chalcone and normonoterpenoid via a key [2 + 2] cyclization reaction. Biological evaluation revealed that compounds caesalpinflavan D, oxytrodiflavanone A, and caesalpinnone B exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against HL-60, SMMC-7721, SW480, A-549 and/or MDA-MB-231 cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 8.051 ± 0.673 to 24.26 ± 0.61 μM. This study provided evidence for further research and possible utilization of C. digyna in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbao Duan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650050, PR China
| | - Haobei Qin
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650050, PR China
| | - Dewen Bi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650050, PR China
| | - Yongchun Gao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650050, PR China
| | - Huiping Xie
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650050, PR China
| | - Qi Dai
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650050, PR China
| | - Liqin Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650050, PR China.
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Noor G, Badruddeen, Akhtar J, Singh B, Ahmad M, Khan MI. An outlook on the target-based molecular mechanism of phytoconstituents as immunomodulators. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5058-5079. [PMID: 37528656 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is one of the essential defense mechanisms. Immune system inadequacy increases the risk of infections and cancer diseases, whereas over-activation of the immune system causes allergies or autoimmune disorders. Immunomodulators have been used in the treatment of immune-related diseases. There is growing interest in using herbal medicines as multicomponent agents to modulate the complex immune system in immune-related diseases. Many therapeutic phytochemicals showed immunomodulatory effects by various mechanisms. This mechanism includes stimulation of lymphoid cell, phagocytosis, macrophage, and cellular immune function enhancement. In addition increased antigen-specific immunoglobulin production, total white cell count, and inhibition of TNF-α, IFN-γ, NF-kB, IL-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and other cytokines that influenced the immune system. This review aims to overview, widely investigated plant-derived phytoconstituents by targeting cells to modulate cellular and humoral immunity in in vivo and in vitro. However, further high-quality research is needed to confirm the clinical efficacy of plant-based immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazala Noor
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Badruddeen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Juber Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Bhuwanendra Singh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, S.D. College of Pharmacy and Vocational Studies, Muzaffarnagar, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Irfan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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5
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Luo F, Manse Y, Ishikawa S, Nishi S, Chen A, Wang T, Morikawa T. Aromatase inhibitors isolated from a flowering tea, snow Chrysanthemum (the capitula of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.). J Nat Med 2023; 77:387-396. [PMID: 36630026 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01678-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Methanol extract from the capitula of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. (Asteraceae), which is also known as a flowering tea or blooming tea "Snow Chrysanthemum," was found to inhibit the enzymatic activity of aromatase. A total of 24 known isolates (1-24) were identified from the extract, including three chalcones (1-3), an aurone (4), five flavanones (5-9), four flavanols (10-13), a flavonol (14), and two biflavanones (15, 16). Among them, okanin (1, Ki = 1.6 μM), (2S)-naringenin (5, 0.90 μM), isookanin (6, 0.81 μM), (2S)-7,3',5'-trihydroxyflavaone (7, 0.13 μM), and (2S)-5,7,3',5'-tetrahydroxyflavanone (8, 0.32 μM) exhibited relatively potent competitive inhibition. Specifically, the isolates 7 and 8, having a common 3',5'-resorcinol moiety at the B ring in their flavanone skeleton, exhibited potent inhibitory activities compared to those of a clinically applied aminoglutethimide (0.84 μM) and naturally occurring flavone, chrysin (0.23 μM), which is a common non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor. Importantly, the active flavonoid constituents (1 and 5-8) did not inhibit the activity of 5α-reductase enzyme, which normally reacts with the same substrate "testosterone," thus, these compounds were suggested to be specific to aromatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Luo
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Manse
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Sakura Nishi
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Anshin Chen
- Xinjiang Shengming Heli High Tech Co. Ltd., Urumqi High-Tech Industrial Development Zone (New Urban District), No. 55 Dongrong Street, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
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6
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Zorzi G, Gambini S, Negri S, Guzzo F, Commisso M. Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of the Orchid Species Oncidium sotoanum Reveals the Presence of Rare Bioactive C-Diglycosylated Chrysin Derivatives. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:655. [PMID: 36771739 PMCID: PMC9920315 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants are valuable sources of secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical properties, but only a small proportion of plant life has been actively exploited for medicinal purposes to date. Underexplored plant species are therefore likely to contain novel bioactive compounds. In this study, we investigated the content of secondary metabolites in the flowers, leaves and pseudobulbs of the orchid Oncidium sotoanum using an untargeted metabolomics approach. We observed the strong accumulation of C-diglycosylated chrysin derivatives, which are rarely found in nature. Further characterization revealed evidence of antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH assays) and potential activity against neurodegenerative disorders (MAO-B inhibition assay) depending on the specific molecular structure of the metabolites. Natural product bioprospecting in underexplored plant species based on untargeted metabolomics can therefore help to identify novel chemical structures with diverse pharmaceutical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Zorzi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sofia Gambini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Negri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Flavia Guzzo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mauro Commisso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
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7
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Sayed AM, Gohar OM, Abd-Alhameed EK, Hassanein EHM, Ali FEM. The importance of natural chalcones in ischemic organ damage: Comprehensive and bioinformatic analysis review. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14320. [PMID: 35857486 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, extensive research has been conducted, yielding a detailed account of thousands of newly discovered compounds of natural origin and their biological activities, all of which have the potential to be used for a wide range of therapeutic purposes. There are multiple research papers denoting the central objective of chalcones, which have been shown to have therapeutic potential against various forms of ischemia. The various aspects of chalcones are discussed in this review regarding molecular mechanisms involved in the promising anti-ischemic potential of these chalcones. The main mechanisms involved in these protective effects are Nrf2/Akt activation and NF-κB/TLR4 suppression. Furthermore, in-silico studies were carried out to discover the probable binding of these chalcones to Keap-1 (an inhibitor of Nrf2), Akt, NF-κB, and TLR4 protein molecules. Besides, network pharmacology analysis was conducted to predict the interacting partners of these signals. The obtained results indicated that Nrf2, Akt, NF-κB, and TLR4 are involved in the beneficial anti-ischemic actions of chalcones. Conclusively, the present findings show that chalcones as anti-ischemic agents have a valid rationale. The discussed studies will provide a comprehensive viewpoint on chalcones and can help to optimize their effects in different ischemia. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Ischemic organ damage is an unavoidable pathological condition with a high worldwide incidence. According to the current research progress, natural chalcones have been proved to treat and/or prevent various types of ischemic organ damage by alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis by different molecular mechanisms. This article displays the comprehensive research progress and the molecular basis of ischemic organ damage pathophysiology and introduces natural chalcones' mechanism in the ischemic organ condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Osama M Gohar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Esraa K Abd-Alhameed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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8
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Oxidative Stress in Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis: Protective Role of Natural Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061169. [PMID: 35740065 PMCID: PMC9219756 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is the most prevalent heart valvular disease worldwide and a slowly progressive disorder characterized by thickening of the aortic valve, calcification, and subsequent heart failure. Valvular calcification is an active cell regulation process in which valvular interstitial cells involve phenotypic conversion into osteoblasts/chondrocytes-like cells. The underlying pathophysiology is complicated, and there have been no pharmacological treatments for CAVS to date. Recent studies have suggested that an increase in oxidative stress is the major trigger of CAVS, and natural antioxidants could ameliorate the detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of CAVS. It is imperative to review the current findings regarding the role of natural antioxidants in CAVS, as they can be a promising therapeutic approach for managing CAVS, a disorder currently without effective treatment. This review summarizes the current findings on molecular mechanisms associated with oxidative stress in the development of valvular calcification and discusses the protective roles of natural antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of CAVS.
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9
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Different compounds against Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor potentially containing the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2: an in silico study. J Mol Model 2022; 28:82. [PMID: 35249180 PMCID: PMC8898033 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel SARS coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that was identified and spread from Wuhan in 2019. On January 30th, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak as a Global Public Health Emergency. Although Remdesivir and Molnupiravir are FDA-approved drugs for COVID-19, finding new efficient and low-cost antiviral drugs against COVID-19 for applying in more countries can still be helpful. One of the potential sources for finding new and low-cost drugs is the herbal compounds in addition to repurposing FDA-approved drugs. So, in this study, we focused on finding effective drug candidates against COVID-19 based on the computational approaches. As ACE2 serves as a critical receptor for cell entry of this virus. Inhibiting the binding site of SARS-CoV-2 on human ACE2 provides a promising therapeutic approach for developing drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we applied a bioinformatics approach to identify possible potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2. A library of FDA-approved compounds and five natural compounds was screened using Smina docking. Top-docking compounds are then applied in Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation to assess the stability of ACE2-inhibitor complexes. Results indicate that Luteolin and Chrysin represent high conformation stability with ACE2 during 120 ns of Molecular Dynamics simulation. The binding free energies of Luteolin and Chrysin were calculated by the Molecular Mechanics/Poisson–Boltzmann Surface Area method (MM/PBSA) which confirmed the relative binding free energy of these drugs to ACE2 in favor of the effective binding. So, Luteolin and Chrysin could sufficiently interact with ACE2 and block the Spike binding pocket of ACE2 and can be a potential inhibitor against the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 receptor which is an early stage of infection. Luteolin and Chrysin could be suggestive as beneficial compounds for preventing or reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission and infection which need experimental work to prove.
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Linh NTT, Son NT. Biologically Active Constituents from Plants of the Genus Desmos. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 116:211-261. [PMID: 34698948 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80560-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The combination of traditional knowledge of medicinal plants with scientific rationale has yielded positive results in recent years. Bioactive compounds isolated from herbaceous plants have long been used as drugs that benefit human health, as well as providing useful compounds for drug development lead compound optimization. This chapter aims to provide a systematic overview of the structural types of Desmos secondary metabolites, along with their biological potential. Various chromatographic and spectroscopic methods have been utilized for isolating, purifying, and elucidating the structures of compounds from Desmos species. From 1982 to the present time, more than 200 metabolites have been isolated from members of this genus. Desmos spp. constituents include terpenoids, phytosterols, polyoxygenated cyclohexanes and cyclohexenes, oxepinones, fatty acids, with flavonoids, alkaloids, and miscellaneous phenols being the predominant compounds. The essential oils of Desmos species have also been investigated. Both crude plant extracts and isolated compounds from this genus have been evaluated for their biological activities. Desmos constituents have been found to exhibit cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and aromatase and NFAT transcriptive inhibition effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ninh The Son
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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11
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An updated review on the versatile role of chrysin in neurological diseases: Chemistry, pharmacology, and drug delivery approaches. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111906. [PMID: 34328092 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases are responsible for a large number of morbidities and mortalities in the world. Flavonoids are phytochemicals that possess various health-promoting impacts. Chrysin, a natural flavonoid isolated from diverse fruits, vegetables, and even mushrooms, has several pharmacological activities comprising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. The current study was designed to review the relationship between chrysin administration and neurological complications by discussing the feasible mechanism and signaling pathways. Herein, we mentioned the sources, pharmacological properties, chemistry, and drug delivery systems associated with chrysin pharmacotherapy. The role of chrysin was discussed in depression, anxiety, neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, epilepsy, cerebral ischemia, spinal cord injury, neuropathy, Multiple Sclerosis, and Guillain-Barré Syndrome. The findings indicate that chrysin has protective effects against neurological conditions by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in animal models. However, more studies should be done to clear the neuroprotective effects of chrysin.
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Abstract
The present review describes 108 new examples of naturally occurring flavans and
flavanones having cytotoxic potential, which have been reported during the period of 2005 to
mid-2020. These compounds are found either as aglycones or as glycosides, comprising
flavans, flavanones, isoflavanones and miscellaneous flavanones (homo- and bi-flavanones).
The main topics addressed in this review are source, structure, and cytotoxic activity in detail
and the structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Gangopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Rampurhat College, Rampurhat, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
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13
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Ismailova GO, Yuldashev NM, Akbarhodjaeva KN, Shertaev MM, Ziyamutdinova ZK. Biologically Active Natural 2'-Hydroxychalcones. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of compounds isolated from the twig and leaf extracts of Desmos dumosus. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06180. [PMID: 33665411 PMCID: PMC7900706 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new compounds, (+)-(2S)-desmosdumosone (1), (+)-(2R)-7,8-dimethoxy-5-hydroxyflavanone (7), (+)-(2R)-7-methoxychamanetin (9), and (+)-(1ˊR,2ˊR)-phebalosin (18), and 25 known compounds were isolated from the twig and leaf extracts of Desmos dumosus. Compounds (±)-7 and (±)-9 were isolated as racemates and their enantiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods as well as comparisons made from the literature. The absolute configuration of (+)-(1ʹR,2ʹR)-18 was established by X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu Kα radiation and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectoscopy. In contrast, the absolute configuration of compounds (+)-(2S)-1, (+)-(2R)-7, and (+)-(2R)-9 were identified by comparing their ECD spectra and specific rotations with those of reported known compounds. Compounds 9, 11, 13, 14, 22, 25, and 28 showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 5.3-52.7 μM, much better than that of standard control (acarbose, IC50 value 83.5 μM). Compound 13 was the most active with an IC50 value of 5.3 μM.
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15
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Suthiphasilp V, Meesakul P, Richardson C, Pyne SG, Laphookhieo S. Isolation and crystal structure of lawinal. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:75-78. [PMID: 33520287 PMCID: PMC7784046 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989020016540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the natural product lawinal [systematic name: (-)-(2S)-5,7-dihy-droxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-2-phenyl-chromane-8-carbaldehyde, C17H14O5] at 150 K is reported. The compound crystallizes with monoclinic (I2) symmetry and with Z' = 2. The absolute configuration could not be determined reliably from X-ray analysis only. However, our analysis returns the S-configuration at the C-2 position, consistent with previous stereochemical assignment from specific rotation. The independent mol-ecules form into alternating hydrogen-bonded chains with C-H⋯O=CH inter-molecular linkages that run parallel to the crystallographic a axis and are extended into the ac plane by π-π inter-actions between their phenyl substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virayu Suthiphasilp
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS) and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Pornphimol Meesakul
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS) and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Christopher Richardson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Stephen G. Pyne
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Surat Laphookhieo
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS) and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
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16
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Hou S, Yuan Q, Cheng C, Zhang Z, Guo B, Yuan X. Alpinetin delays high-fat diet-aggravated lung carcinogenesis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 128:410-418. [PMID: 33259132 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alpinetin (ALP) has been reported to act as an anticancer agent. This study was carried out to elucidate the effect of ALP on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced aggressive cancer progression. C57BL/6 mice were fed with a control diet (CD) or HFD and administered with ALP. Following 6 weeks of feeding, mice were inoculated subcutaneously with Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC) to develop transplanted lung tumour. ALP suppressed cell proliferation which drives HFD-induced lung cancer progression. ALP inhibited lipid accumulation in tumour and tumour cells cultured in vitro. qPCR and ELISA analysis of tumour tissues revealed ALP restrained macrophages accumulation, M2s polarization and chemokine secretion. Further, in macrophages cultured in tumour cells conditioned medium (CM), ALP was confirmed to decrease M2s markers expression and chemokine production under high fat. These results demonstrate that ALP suppresses HFD-promoted harmful changes in tumour microenvironments which are crucial in curbing pulmonary tumour aggravation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Hou
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Jining University, Jining, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunru Cheng
- College of City and Architecture Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of City and Architecture Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Bingran Guo
- College of Medical Sciences, Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaxia Yuan
- College of City and Architecture Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
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17
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Moghadam ER, Ang HL, Asnaf SE, Zabolian A, Saleki H, Yavari M, Esmaeili H, Zarrabi A, Ashrafizadeh M, Kumar AP. Broad-Spectrum Preclinical Antitumor Activity of Chrysin: Current Trends and Future Perspectives. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1374. [PMID: 32992587 PMCID: PMC7600196 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological profile of phytochemicals has attracted much attention to their use in disease therapy. Since cancer is a major problem for public health with high mortality and morbidity worldwide, experiments have focused on revealing the anti-tumor activity of natural products. Flavonoids comprise a large family of natural products with different categories. Chrysin is a hydroxylated flavonoid belonging to the flavone category. Chrysin has demonstrated great potential in treating different disorders, due to possessing biological and therapeutic activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, etc. Over recent years, the anti-tumor activity of chrysin has been investigated, and in the present review, we provide a mechanistic discussion of the inhibitory effect of chrysin on proliferation and invasion of different cancer cells. Molecular pathways, such as Notch1, microRNAs, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), PI3K/Akt, MAPK, etc., as targets of chrysin are discussed. The efficiency of chrysin in promoting anti-tumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents and suppressing drug resistance is described. Moreover, poor bioavailability, as one of the drawbacks of chrysin, is improved using various nanocarriers, such as micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, etc. This updated review will provide a direction for further studies in evaluating the anti-tumor activity of chrysin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Rahmani Moghadam
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran;
| | - Hui Li Ang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
| | - Sholeh Etehad Asnaf
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, IslamicAzad University, Tehran 165115331, Iran;
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Hossein Saleki
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Mohammad Yavari
- Nursing and Midwifery Department, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran 1916893813, Iran;
| | - Hossein Esmaeili
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran; (A.Z.); (H.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
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18
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Nawaz J, Rasul A, Shah MA, Hussain G, Riaz A, Sarfraz I, Zafar S, Adnan M, Khan AH, Selamoglu Z. Cardamonin: A new player to fight cancer via multiple cancer signaling pathways. Life Sci 2020; 250:117591. [PMID: 32224026 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nature's pharmacy has undoubtedly served humans as an affordable and safer health-care regime for a long times. Cardamonin, a chalconoid present in several plants has been known for a longtime to have beneficial properties towards human health. In this review, we aimed to highlight the recent advances achieved in discovering the pharmacological properties of cardamonin. Cardamonin is cardamom-derived chalcone, which plays a role in cancer treatment, immune system modulation, inflammation and pathogens killing. Through the modulation of cellular signaling pathways, cardamonin activates cell death signal to induce apoptosis in malignant cells that results in the inhibition of cancer development. Moreover, cardamonin arrests cell cycle by altering the expression of regulatory proteins during malignant cells division. Due to its relatively selective cytotoxic potential against host malignant cells, cardamonin is emerging as a promising novel experimental anticancer agent. The potential of cardamonin to target various signaling molecules, transcriptional factors, cytokines and enzymes, such as mTOR, NF-κB, Akt, STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin and COX-2 enhances the opportunity to explore it as a new multi-target therapeutic agent. The pharmacokinetic and biosafety profile of cardamonin favor it as a potentially safe biomolecule for pharmaceutical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaria Nawaz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Neurochemical biology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Riaz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saba Zafar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Haleem Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Campus 51240, Turkey
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Kaswan NK, Mohd Suhaimi NS, Mohammed Izham NA, Tengku Mohamad TAS, Sulaiman MR, Perimal EK. Cardamonin inhibits nitric oxide production modulated through NMDA receptor in LPS-Induced SH-SY5Y cell in vitro model. LIFE SCIENCES, MEDICINE AND BIOMEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.28916/lsmb.4.9.2020.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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20
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Balam FH, Ahmadi ZS, Ghorbani A. Inhibitory effect of chrysin on estrogen biosynthesis by suppression of enzyme aromatase (CYP19): A systematic review. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03557. [PMID: 32181408 PMCID: PMC7063143 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 enzyme functions as the rate-limiting enzyme in changing androgens to estrogens. Inhibition of aromatase is one of the significant objectives of treatment of hormone-dependent diseases such as breast cancer, especially in post-menopausal women. Natural compounds like chrysin, as a flavor that has a high concentration in honey and propolis, are rich sources of them can be useful in inhibiting aromatase for chemoprevention following treatment or in women at risk of acquiring breast cancer. This study intended to summarize the existing evidence on the effect of chrysin on aromatase activity. We systematically searched Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar and hand searched the reference lists of identified relevant articles, up to 5 February, 2019. Articles with English abstracts that reported the effect of chrysin on aromatase inhibition and without publication date restriction were investigated. Twenty relevant articles were chosen from a total of 1721 articles. Only one study was performed on humans and two studies were assayed on rats, while other studies were evaluated in vitro. All the studies except one showed that chrysin had the potency of aromatase inhibition; however, only one study performed on endometrial stromal cells showed that chrysin and naringenin did not indicate aromatase inhibitory properties. Various assay methods and experimental conditions were the important aspects leading to different results between the studies. Chrysin has potency in inhibition of the aromatase enzyme and thus can be useful in preventing and treating the hormone-dependent breast cancer and as an adjuvant therapy for estrogen-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farinaz Hosseini Balam
- Student Research Committee, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Sadat Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Ghorbani
- Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Polbuppha I, Suthiphasilp V, Maneerat T, Charoensup R, Limtharakul T, Cheenpracha S, Pyne SG, Laphookhieo S. Desmoschinensisflavones A and B, two rare flavones having a hybrid benzyl benzoate ester-flavone structural framework from Desmos chinensis Lour. RSC Adv 2020; 10:45076-45080. [PMID: 35516244 PMCID: PMC9058655 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09985f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two rare flavones having a hybrid benzyl benzoate ester-flavone structural framework, desmoschinensisflavones A and B (1 and 2), together with 12 known compounds (3–14) were isolated from the fruit, leaf, and twig extracts of Desmos chinensis (red flower). The new structures were characterized by UV, IR, NMR, and HRESITOFMS data. Desmoschinensisflavones A and B have a distinctive skeleton of benzoate ester-flavones with a C-4′′ and C-6 and C-8 connection via a methylene group, respectively. Plausible biosynthesis pathways to compounds 1 and 2 are proposed based on an intermolecular nucleophilic 1,4-addition to ortho-quinone intermediates. Compounds 6–8 and 12 showed weakly antioxidant inhibition with IC50 values in the range of 65.4–74.6 μM. Two rare flavones having a hybrid benzyl benzoate ester-flavone structural framework, desmoschinensisflavones A and B (1 and 2), together with 12 known compounds (3–14) were isolated from Desmos chinensis (red flower).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaraporn Polbuppha
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS) and School of Science
- Mae Fah Luang University
- Chiang Rai 57100
- Thailand
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience
| | - Virayu Suthiphasilp
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS) and School of Science
- Mae Fah Luang University
- Chiang Rai 57100
- Thailand
| | - Tharakorn Maneerat
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS) and School of Science
- Mae Fah Luang University
- Chiang Rai 57100
- Thailand
- Medicinal Plant Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University
| | - Rawiwan Charoensup
- Medicinal Plant Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University
- Chiang Rai 57100
- Thailand
- School of Integrative Medicine
- Mae Fah Luang University
| | - Thunwadee Limtharakul
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Research Center on Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products from Northern Resources
- Chiang Mai University
- Chiang Mai 50200
| | | | - Stephen G. Pyne
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong
- Australia
| | - Surat Laphookhieo
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS) and School of Science
- Mae Fah Luang University
- Chiang Rai 57100
- Thailand
- Medicinal Plant Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University
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22
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Taleghani A, Tayarani-Najaran Z. Potent Cytotoxic Natural Flavonoids: The Limits of Perspective. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5555-5579. [PMID: 30799786 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190222142537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides the numerous biologic and pharmacologic functions in the human body that act as potent antioxidants, flavonoids (flavones, flavanones, flavonols, flavanols and isoflavones) are noted as cancer preventive or therapeutic agents. METHODS This review summarizes the published data using PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus. RESULTS In this context, recognition and introduction of the most active cytotoxic flavonoids as promising agents for cancer therapy gives insight for further evaluations. However, there are some critical points that may affect the entering of flavonoids as active cytotoxic phytochemicals in the clinical phase. Issues such as the abundance of active species in nature, the methods of extraction and purification, solubility, pharmacokinetic profile, presence of the chiral moieties, method of synthesis, and structure modification may limit the entry of a selected compound for use in humans. Although plenty of basic evidence exists for cytotoxic/antitumor activity of the versatility of flavonoids for entry into clinical trials, the above-mentioned concerns must be considered. CONCLUSION This review is an effort to introduce cytotoxic natural flavonoids (IC50< 10 µM) that may have the potential to be used against various tumor cells. Also, active constituents, molecular mechanisms, and related clinical trials have been discussed as well as the limitations and challenges of using flavonoids in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Taleghani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gonbad Kavous University, Golestan Province, Gonbad Kavus, P.O. Box 163, Iran
| | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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23
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Apaza T L, Serban AM, Cabanillas AH, Villacampa A, Rumbero A. Flavonoids of Tripodanthus acutifolius inhibit TNF-α production in LPS-activated THP-1 and B16-F10 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 242:112036. [PMID: 31238104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE T. acutifolius is an endemic species from South America which has been used in traditional medicine since ancient times due to its biological properties, including its anti-inflammatory effects. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the article is to investigate the inhibitory activity of T. acutifolius over TNF-α production in THP-1 and B16-F10 cells. To achieve this, phytochemical analysis has been used to determine the compounds present in the species with anti-inflammatory effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves and stems of T. acutifolius were extracted with n-heptane, dichloromethane, methanol and water. The resulting extracts were analysed in THP-1 and B16-F10 cells by measuring their inhibitory capacity over the production of TNF-α stimulated with LPS. RESULTS The guided-bioassay led to the isolation of 6,2',4'-trimethoxyflavone (1), 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone (2), (E)-2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-chalcone (3) and 5,4'-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone (4) from the dichloromethanic extract. Compounds showed an inhibitory activity of TNF-⍺ production in THP-1 cells, with IC50 of 2.38 ± 0.02 μM, 12.36 ± 0.17 μM, 1.12 ± 0.01 μM and 8.09 ± 0.04 μM, respectively. In addition, the compounds showed an inhibitory activity of TNF-⍺ production in B16-F10 cells with IC50 of 1.32 ± 0.03 μM, 5.63 ± 0.09 μM, 0.60 ± 0.02 μM and 3.77 ± 0.15 μM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We identified 3 flavones (6,2',4'-trimethoxyflavone, 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone, 5,4'-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone) and a chalcone ((E)-2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-chalcone) present in the leaves and stems of T. acutifolius. These compounds are an alternative for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders, acting as negative modulators over the TNF-α production.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Apaza T
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andreea Madalina Serban
- Marie Sklodowska Curie Hospital for Children. Constantin Brancoveanu Boulevard, 077120, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A H Cabanillas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Villacampa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Rumbero
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Meesakul P, Richardson C, Pyne SG, Laphookhieo S. α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Flavonoids and Oxepinones from the Leaf and Twig Extracts of Desmos cochinchinensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:741-747. [PMID: 30835120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Four new flavonoids (1-4), a new benzyl benzoate derivative (5), five new oxepinones (6-10), and 14 known compounds (11-24) were isolated from the leaf and twig extracts of Desmos cochinchinensis. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods. The structure of 1 was also confirmed by X-ray diffraction data. The absolute configurations of 3, 4, and 6-10 were determined from comparisons of their ECD spectra with those of relevant reported compounds. Compounds 1, 2, 6, 8, 10, 12-15, and 17 showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 0.2 to 4.9 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornphimol Meesakul
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales 2522 , Australia
| | - Christopher Richardson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales 2522 , Australia
| | - Stephen G Pyne
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales 2522 , Australia
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25
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Oxytrodiflavanone A and Oxytrochalcoflavanones A,B: New Biflavonoids from Oxytropis chiliophylla. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081468. [PMID: 31013944 PMCID: PMC6514731 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Three previously undescribed biflavonoids, oxytrodiflavanone A (1), and oxytrochalcoflavanones A,B (2,3), were isolated from the aerial part of Oxytropis chiliophylla, together with their putative biosynthetic monomers, i.e., (2S)-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone (4), (2S)-7-hydroxyflavanone (5), and 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone (6). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by a combination analysis of spectroscopic data. The cytotoxic activities of all the isolated compounds against PC-3 human prostate cancer cell line are also presented.
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26
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Jaidee W, Andersen RJ, Patrick BO, Pyne SG, Muanprasat C, Borwornpinyo S, Laphookhieo S. Alkaloids and styryllactones from Goniothalamus cheliensis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 157:8-20. [PMID: 30352328 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Eight previously undescribed compounds, including four alkaloids and five styryllactones together with 36 known compounds were isolated from the twig and leaf extracts of Goniothalamus cheliensis. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of (-)-(4S,5S,6R,7S,8S)-goniochelienlactone and (-)-(4S,5S,6R,7S,8S)-7-acetylgoniochelienlactone were established from single crystal X-ray analysis using Cu Kα radiation. The absolute configurations of the other related compounds were identified by comparisons of their ECD spectra with those of related known compounds. Most of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against human colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116). Griffithazanone A was the most potent with an IC50 value of 2.39 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuttichai Jaidee
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS), Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Raymond J Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Stephen G Pyne
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Suparerk Borwornpinyo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Surat Laphookhieo
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS), Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
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27
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Siddiqui A, Akhtar J, Uddin M.S. S, Khan MI, Khalid M, Ahmad M. A Naturally Occurring Flavone (Chrysin): Chemistry, Occurrence, Pharmacokinetic, Toxicity, Molecular Targets and Medicinal Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/22311866.2018.1498750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Siddiqui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Juber Akhtar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Mohammad Khalid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Nielsen AJ, McNulty J. Polyphenolic natural products and natural product–inspired steroidal mimics as aromatase inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:1274-1293. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyMcMaster UniversityHamilton Ontario Canada
| | - James McNulty
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyMcMaster UniversityHamilton Ontario Canada
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Zhang LJ, Bi DW, Hu J, Mu WH, Li YP, Xia GH, Yang L, Li XN, Liang XS, Wang LQ. Four Hybrid Flavan-Chalcones, Caesalpinnone A Possessing a 10,11-Dioxatricyclic [5.3.3.0 1,6]Tridecane-Bridged System and Caesalpinflavans A-C from Caesalpinia enneaphylla. Org Lett 2017; 19:4315-4318. [PMID: 28777586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Caesalpinnone A (1), an unprecedented hybrid of flavan and chalcone, possessing a 10,11-dioxatricyclic [5.3.3.01,6]tridecane-bridged system, and caesalpinflavans A-C (2-4), three new hybrid flavan-chalcones, were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Caesalpinia enneaphylla. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Caesalpinnone A showed the highest cytotoxicity against the HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW-480 human tumor cell lines with an IC50 in the range of 0.54-0.87 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Jun Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650050, P. R. China
| | - De-Wen Bi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650050, P. R. China
| | - Jiangmiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hua Mu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650050, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Ping Li
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650050, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Hui Xia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650050, P. R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Song Liang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650050, P. R. China
| | - Li-Qin Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650050, P. R. China
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Recent developments of coumarin-containing derivatives and their anti-tubercular activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:122-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hou S, Yin X, Wang Z, Zhang J, Yuan Q, Chen Z. WITHDRAWN: Cardamonin attenuates lung carcinoma and promotes autophagy via targeting p53 and regulating Mtor. Eur J Pharmacol 2017:S0014-2999(17)30466-1. [PMID: 28716725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Hou
- Address: No.3 Shangyuancun, Haidian District, Beijing
| | - Xiaoyao Yin
- Address: No.3 Shangyuancun, Haidian District, Beijing
| | - Ziling Wang
- Address: No.3 Shangyuancun, Haidian District, Beijing
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Address: No.3 Shangyuancun, Haidian District, Beijing
| | - Qi Yuan
- Address: No.3 Shangyuancun, Haidian District, Beijing
| | - Zhinan Chen
- Address: No.3 Shangyuancun, Haidian District, Beijing
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Meesakul P, Pudhom K, Pyne SG, Laphookhieo S. Hybrid flavan–flavanones from Friesodielsia desmoides and their inhibitory activities against nitric oxide production. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02528a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first phytochemical investigation ofFriesodielsia desmoidesleaves and twigs led to the isolation and identification of three new hybrid flavan–flavanones, friesodielsones A–C (1–3), together with 18 known compounds (4–21).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornphimol Meesakul
- Natural Products Research Laboratory
- School of Science
- Mae Fah Luang University
- Chiang Rai
- Thailand
| | - Khanitha Pudhom
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok
- 10330 Thailand
| | - Stephen G. Pyne
- School of Chemistry
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong
- 2522 Australia
| | - Surat Laphookhieo
- Natural Products Research Laboratory
- School of Science
- Mae Fah Luang University
- Chiang Rai
- Thailand
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Cardamonin Alleviates Pressure Overload-induced Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction Through Inhibition of Oxidative Stress. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 68:441-451. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cardamonin represses proliferation, invasion, and causes apoptosis through the modulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway in prostate cancer. Apoptosis 2016; 22:158-168. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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35
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Rozmer Z, Perjési P. Naturally occurring chalcones and their biological activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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Nabavi SF, Braidy N, Habtemariam S, Orhan IE, Daglia M, Manayi A, Gortzi O, Nabavi SM. Neuroprotective effects of chrysin: From chemistry to medicine. Neurochem Int 2015; 90:224-31. [PMID: 26386393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization estimated that the proportion of older people (over 60 years) will increase from 11% to 22% during next 40 years throughout the world. With respect to this, the morbidity and mortality rates of age-related diseases will increase. Mental diseases are the most common and important health problems among elderly people. Therefore, much attention has been paid to the discovery of neuroprotective drugs with high efficacy and negligible adverse effects. A growing body of scientific evidence has shown that phytochemicals possess neuroprotective effects and also mitigate neurodegeneration under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Polyphenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, are known as most common chemical class of phytochemicals which possess a multiple range of health promoting effects. Chrysin, belonging to the flavone class, is one of the most important bioactive constituents of different fruits, vegetables and even mushrooms. Chrysin possesses potent neuroprotective effects and suppress neuroinflammation. In addition, chrysin improves cognitive decline and possesses a potent anti-amyloidogenic and neurotrophic effects. Furthermore, beneficial effects of chrysin on both depression and epilepsy have been reported. The present paper aimed to critically review the available literature data regarding the neuroprotective effects of chrysin as well as its chemistry, sources and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Medway School of Science, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Azadeh Manayi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Olga Gortzi
- Department of Food Technology, Technological Educational Institution of Thessaly Terma N. Temponera Str. Greece
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Cardamonin Regulates miR-21 Expression and Suppresses Angiogenesis Induced by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:501581. [PMID: 26266258 PMCID: PMC4523674 DOI: 10.1155/2015/501581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardamonin has promising potential in cancer prevention and therapy by interacting with proteins and modifying the expressions and activities, including factors of cell survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis. In our precious study, we have demonstrated that cardamonin suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor- (VEGF-) induced angiogenesis as evaluated in the mouse aortic ring assay. It is also known that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in angiogenesis. Herein, we hypothesized whether antiangiogenesis effect of cardamonin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) triggered by VEGF was associated with miRNAs. We found that cardamonin reduced the miR-21 expression induced by VEGF in HUVECs. Treatment with miR-21 mimics abolished the effects of cardamonin on VEGF-induced cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in HUVECs. However, treatment with miR-21 inhibitors presented the opposite effects, indicating the vital role of miR-21 in this process. Our study provides a new insight of the preliminary mechanism of anti-VEGF-induced angiogenesis by cardamonin in HUVECs.
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Alaba CSM, Chichioco-Hernandez CL. 15-Lipoxygenase inhibition of Commelina benghalensis, Tradescantia fluminensis, Tradescantia zebrina. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4:184-8. [PMID: 25182435 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(14)60229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the 15-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of the methanol leaf extracts of Commelina benghalensis, Tradescantia fluminensis (T. fluminensis) and Tradescantia zebrina. METHOD The inhibitory activity was evaluated using a spectrophotometric assay by observing the increase in absorbance at 234 nm due to the formation of the product 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid. The extracts were also tested for the presence of terpenoids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. RESULTS All the extracts inhibited the action of 15-lipoxygenase at a concentration of 0.2 µg/mL. T. fluminensis and Tradescantia zebrina exhibited higher than 50% inhibition with T. fluminensis at 87.2%. T. fluminensis was partitioned with ethyl acetate and hexane and their IC50 values were determined at 8.72 µg/mL and 98.04 µg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS T. fluminensis is a potentially good source of 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cean Socorro M Alaba
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman Quezon City, Philippines 1101
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Profiling of the Tox21 10K compound library for agonists and antagonists of the estrogen receptor alpha signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5664. [PMID: 25012808 PMCID: PMC4092345 DOI: 10.1038/srep05664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The U.S. Tox21 program has screened a library of approximately 10,000 (10K) environmental chemicals and drugs in three independent runs for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) agonist and antagonist activity using two types of ER reporter gene cell lines, one with an endogenous full length ERα (ER-luc; BG1 cell line) and the other with a transfected partial receptor consisting of the ligand binding domain (ER-bla; ERα β-lactamase cell line), in a quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) format. The ability of the two assays to correctly identify ERα agonists and antagonists was evaluated using a set of 39 reference compounds with known ERα activity. Although both assays demonstrated adequate (i.e. >80%) predictivity, the ER-luc assay was more sensitive and the ER-bla assay more specific. The qHTS assay results were compared with results from previously published ERα binding assay data and showed >80% consistency. Actives identified from both the ER-bla and ER-luc assays were analyzed for structure-activity relationships (SARs) revealing known and potentially novel ERα active structure classes. The results demonstrate the feasibility of qHTS to identify environmental chemicals with the potential to interact with the ERα signaling pathway and the two different assay formats improve the confidence in correctly identifying these chemicals.
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Mahidol C, Kittakoop P, Prachyawarakorn V, Pailee P, Prawat H, Ruchirawat S. Recent investigations of bioactive natural products from endophytic, marine-derived, insect pathogenic fungi and Thai medicinal plants. PURE APPL CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2013-1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLiving organisms in Thailand are very diverse due to the unique geographical location of Thailand. The diversity of Thai bioresources has proven to be a rich source of biologically active compounds. The present review covers bioactive substances from Thai endophytic, marine-derived, insect pathogenic fungi and medicinal plants. Many new compounds isolated from Thai bioresources have diverse skeletons belonging to various classes of natural products. These compounds exhibited an array of biological activities, and some are of pharmaceutical interest. Bioactive compounds from Thai bioresources have not only attracted organic chemists to develop strategies for total synthesis, but also attracted (chemical) biologists to investigate the mechanisms of action. The chemistry and biology of some selected compounds are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulabhorn Mahidol
- 1Chulabhorn Research Institute, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, and Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Kamphang Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Prasat Kittakoop
- 1Chulabhorn Research Institute, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, and Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Kamphang Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Vilailak Prachyawarakorn
- 1Chulabhorn Research Institute, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, and Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Kamphang Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Phanruethai Pailee
- 1Chulabhorn Research Institute, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, and Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Kamphang Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Hunsa Prawat
- 1Chulabhorn Research Institute, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, and Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Kamphang Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- 1Chulabhorn Research Institute, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, and Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Kamphang Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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Shen YJ, Zhu XX, Yang X, Jin B, Lu JJ, Ding B, Ding ZS, Chen SH. Cardamonin inhibits angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by downregulating p38 MAPK, Akt, and ERK phosphorylation. J Nat Med 2014; 68:623-9. [PMID: 24595849 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-014-0825-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardamonin is a chalconoid isolated from various herbs, such as Alpinia katsumadai and Carya cathayensis Sarg. This study examined the effect of cardamonin on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced proliferation and migration in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) as well as its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that cardamonin significantly inhibited Ang II-induced proliferation and migration in rat VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, cardamonin suppressed Ang II-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, Akt, and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK). These findings indicate that the downregulation of p38 MAPK, Akt, and ERK phosphorylation might be, at least in part, involved in cardamonin-suppressed proliferation and migration induced by Ang II in rat VSMCs. As proliferation and migration of VSMCs play critical roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, cardamonin might be a potential candidate for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jing Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
Cardamonin, as shown by the increasing number of publications, has received growing attention from the scientific community due to the expectations toward its benefits to human health. In this study, research on cardamonin is reviewed, including its natural sources, health promoting aspects, and analytical methods for its determination. Therefore, this article hopes to aid current and future researchers on the search for reliable answers concerning cardamonin's value in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Moreira Gonçalves
- Requimte, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
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Acacetin and chrysin, two polyphenolic compounds, alleviate telomeric position effect in human cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2013; 2:e116. [PMID: 23962900 PMCID: PMC3759739 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2013.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We took advantage of the ability of human telomeres to silence neighboring genes (telomere position effect or TPE) to design a high-throughput screening assay for drugs altering telomeres. We identified, for the first time, that two dietary flavones, acacetin and chrysin, are able to specifically alleviate TPE in human cells. We further investigated their influence on telomere integrity and showed that both drugs drastically deprotect telomeres against DNA damage response. However, telomere deprotection triggered by shelterin dysfunction does not affect TPE, indicating that acacetin and chrysin target several functions of telomeres. These results show that TPE-based screening assays represent valuable methods to discover new compounds targeting telomeres.
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Prachyawarakorn V, Sangpetsiripan S, Surawatanawong P, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat S, Kittakoop P. Flavans from Desmos cochinchinensis as potent aromatase inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00166k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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