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Krzesłowska M, Mleczek M, Luboński A, Weręża K, Woźny A, Goliński P, Samardakiewicz S. Alterations in the Anatomy and Ultrastructure of Leaf Blade in Norway Maple ( Acer platanoides L.) Growing on Mining Sludge: Prospects of Using This Tree Species for Phytoremediation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1295. [PMID: 38794365 PMCID: PMC11125827 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Alterations in leaf architecture can be used as an indicator of the substrate toxicity level as well as the potential of a given plant species in the phytoremediation of polluted areas, e.g., mining sludge. In this work, we demonstrated, for the first time, the nature and scale of alterations in leaf architecture at the tissue and cellular levels occurring in Norway maple growing on mining sludge originating from a copper mine in Lubin (Poland). The substrate differs from other mine wastes, e.g., calamine or serpentine soils, due to an extremely high level of arsenic (As). Alterations in leaf anatomy predominantly included the following: (1) a significant increase in upper epidermis thickness; (2) a significant decrease in palisade parenchyma width; (3) more compact leaf tissue organization; (4) the occurrence of two to three cell layers in palisade parenchyma in contrast to one in the control; (5) a significantly smaller size of cells building palisade parenchyma. At the cellular level, the alterations included mainly the occurrence of local cell wall thickenings-predominantly in the upper and lower epidermis-and the symptoms of accelerated leaf senescence. Nevertheless, many chloroplasts showed almost intact chloroplast ultrastructure. Modifications in leaf anatomy could be a symptom of alterations in morphogenesis but may also be related to plant adaptation to water deficit stress. The occurrence of local cell wall thickenings can be considered as a symptom of a defence strategy involved in the enlargement of apoplast volume for toxic elements (TE) sequestration and the alleviation of oxidative stress. Importantly, the ultrastructure of leaf cells was not markedly disturbed. The results suggested that Norway maple may have good phytoremediation potential. However, the general shape of the plant, the significantly smaller size of leaves, and accelerated senescence indicated the high toxicity of the mining sludge used in this experiment. Hence, the phytoremediation of such a substrate, specifically including use of Norway maple, should be preceded by some amendments-which are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Krzesłowska
- Department of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland (A.W.)
| | - Mirosław Mleczek
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Aleksander Luboński
- Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (A.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Karolina Weręża
- Department of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland (A.W.)
| | - Adam Woźny
- Department of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland (A.W.)
| | - Piotr Goliński
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Sławomir Samardakiewicz
- Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (A.L.); (S.S.)
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Wierzbicka M, Begiedza M, Bodzon K, Bemowska-Kałabun O, Brzost K, Wróbel M, Trzybiński D, Woźniak K. Role of the salt glands of Armeria maritima (halophyte) in removal of lead from tissues. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:37790-37809. [PMID: 38787470 PMCID: PMC11182854 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Armeria maritima is a halophyte exhibiting a strong tolerance to heavy metals. It grows on zinc-lead waste heaps. This study aimed to determine the role of salt glands in the removal of lead (Pb) from plants and to trace the path of lead from the shoots to the salt glands on the surface of leaves. Mechanisms allowing high tolerance to lead in A. maritima were also evaluated. These examinations were conducted on a lead-tolerant population and a lead-sensitive plant population. The plants were treated with Pb(NO3)2 and the path of lead was traced from the roots to the leaves. The lead-tolerant population transported twice as much lead as the sensitive population. The action of the salt glands resulted in 40% of the leaf lead content in the lead-tolerant population being expelled onto the surface of the leaves. These features indicate the high phytoremediation capabilities of these halophyte plants. The excretion of multi-ionic solutes by the salt glands results in the appearance of tiny crystals on the surface of the leaves. In this publication, for the first time, an attempt was made to determine what chemical compounds build up these crystals and to determine their crystal structure. Solving this problem was possible through the usage of single-crystal X-ray structural analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wierzbicka
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Martyna Begiedza
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Bodzon
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Bemowska-Kałabun
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Brzost
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Wróbel
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
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Wierzbicka M, Abratowska A, Bemowska-Kałabun O, Panufnik-Mędrzycka D, Wąsowicz P, Wróbel M, Trzybiński D, Woźniak K. Micro-Evolutionary Processes in Armeria maritima at Metalliferous Sites. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054650. [PMID: 36902080 PMCID: PMC10003435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolerance to heavy metals in plants is a model process used to study adaptations to extremely unfavorable environments. One species capable of colonizing areas with high contents of heavy metals is Armeria maritima (Mill.) Wild. A. maritima plants growing in metalliferous areas differ in their morphological features and tolerance levels to heavy metals compared to individuals of the same species growing in non-metalliferous areas. The A. maritima adaptations to heavy metals occur at the organismal, tissue, and cellular levels (e.g., the retention of metals in roots, enrichment of the oldest leaves with metals, accumulation of metals in trichomes, and excretion of metals by salt glands of leaf epidermis). This species also undergoes physiological and biochemical adaptations (e.g., the accumulation of metals in vacuoles of the root's tannic cells and secretion of such compounds as glutathione, organic acids, or HSP17). This work reviews the current knowledge on A. maritima adaptations to heavy metals occurring in zinc-lead waste heaps and the species' genetic variation from exposure to such habitats. A. maritima is an excellent example of microevolution processes in plants inhabiting anthropogenically changed areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wierzbicka
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | | | - Paweł Wąsowicz
- Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Borgir vid Nordurslod, 600 Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Monika Wróbel
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki I Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Shi W, Li J, Kan D, Yu W, Chen X, Zhang Y, Ma C, Deng S, Zhou J, Fayyaz P, Luo ZB. Sulfur metabolism, organic acid accumulation and phytohormone regulation are crucial physiological processes modulating the different tolerance to Pb stress of two contrasting poplars. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1799-1811. [PMID: 35313352 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the pivotal physiological processes modulating lead (Pb) tolerance capacities of poplars, the saplings of two contrasting poplar species, Populus × canescens with high Pb sensitivity and Populus nigra with relatively low Pb sensitivity, were treated with either 0 or 8 mM Pb for 6 weeks. Lead was absorbed by the roots and accumulated massively in the roots and leaves, leading to overproduction of reactive oxygen species, reduced photosynthesis and biomass in both poplar species. Particularly, the tolerance index of P. × canescens was significantly lower than that of P. nigra. Moreover, the physiological responses including the concentrations of nutrient elements, thiols, organic acids, phytohormones and nonenzymatic antioxidants, and the activities of antioxidative enzymes in the roots and leaves were different between the two poplar species. Notably, the differences in concentrations of nutrient elements, organic acids and phytohormones were remarkable between the two poplar species. A further evaluation of the Pb tolerance-related physiological processes showed that the change of 'sulfur (S) metabolism' in the roots was greater, and that of 'organic acid accumulation' in the roots and 'phytohormone regulation' in the leaves were markedly smaller in P. × canescens than those in P. nigra. These results suggest that there are differences in Pb tolerance capacities between P. × canescens and P. nigra, which is probably associated with their contrasting physiological responses to Pb stress, and that S metabolism, organic acid accumulation and phytohormone regulation are probably the key physiological processes modulating the different Pb tolerance capacities between the two poplar species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan road, Xuanwu district, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Donxu Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing road, Xiangfang district, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenjian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chaofeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shurong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Payam Fayyaz
- Forest, Range and Watershed Management Department, Agriculture and Natural Resources Faculty, Yasouj University, Daneshjoo St, Yasuj 75919-63179, Iran
| | - Zhi-Bin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
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Bemowska-Kałabun O, Bogucka A, Wiłkomirski B, Wierzbicka M. Survival on railway tracks of Geranium robertianum-a glyphosate-tolerant plant. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1186-1202. [PMID: 34110544 PMCID: PMC8295122 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Geranium robertianum is a herbaceous plant that prefers shady and fertile forest habitats. However, it also occurs on railway tracks, where there are difficult conditions for plant growth and regular herbicide spraying (in high concentrations, twice a year). One of the most commonly used herbicides in railway areas is glyphosate. The effect of the glyphosate on the G. robertianum plants found on railway tracks and in nearby forests in north-eastern Poland was checked. The aim of the study was to explain how G. robertianum can survive on railway tracks despite spraying with the glyphosate. Increased tolerance to the glyphosate of the G. robertianum plants from track populations was demonstrated compared to the plants from forest populations that had not previously been in contact with the herbicide. After 35 days after treatment with the herbicide, 75% of the plants from the observed forest populations withered, while only 38% did from the track populations. Ultrastructure of plant leaf cells from forest populations was strongly disturbed, which was not observed in plants from track populations. It was also shown that plants from track populations accumulated more glyphosate and AMPA in their tissues than plants from forest populations. The obtained results indicate that long-term use of herbicides may cause formation of biotypes of plants resistant to a given herbicide. This fact explains the possibility of G. robertianum occurring on railway tracks, despite spraying with the glyphosate. It is also a manifestation of microevolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bemowska-Kałabun
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Bogucka
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogusław Wiłkomirski
- Institute of Geography and Environmental Science, The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wierzbicka
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
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Dai H, Wei S, Skuza L, Zhang Q. Phytoremediation of two ecotypes cadmium hyperaccumulator Bidens pilosa L. sourced from clean soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129652. [PMID: 33515966 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal concentrations accumulated by different ecotypes of the same hyperaccumulator, collected from contaminated and uncontaminated areas, were found to vary significantly. Very few studies have compared the accumulative properties of two ecotype hyperaccumulators originating from clean soils. Here we compared the Hanzhong ecotype of Bidens pilosa L. (HAE), originating from clean soil in a subtropical monsoon climate zone Hanzhong city, with the Shenyang ecotype (SHE), originating from clean soil in a temperate semi humid continental climate zone Shenyang city, and we universally observed higher Cd concentration and higher biomass in the HAE ecotype. Both HAE and SHE demonstrated similar general Cd hyperaccumulator properties in S1 soil (4.43 mg kg-1 Cd) and S2 soil (49.79 mg kg-1 Cd, but HAE exhibited a higher net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, SOD activity and greater extractable Cd concentration in its rhizospheric soil. These results might imply that some ecotypes of hyperaccumulator in different climate zone may show higher phytoextraction potential. The differences of Cd accumulation among ecotypes may be more useful for the identification of genes relevant to plant hyperaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Dai
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Institute of Biology, Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin 71-415, Poland
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China
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Priming Strategies for Benefiting Plant Performance under Toxic Trace Metal Exposure. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040623. [PMID: 33805922 PMCID: PMC8064369 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Combating environmental stress related to the presence of toxic elements is one of the most important challenges in plant production. The majority of plant species suffer from developmental abnormalities caused by an exposure to toxic concentrations of metals and metalloids, mainly Al, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. However, defense mechanisms are activated with diverse intensity and efficiency. Enhancement of defense potential can be achieved though exogenously applied treatments, resulting in a higher capability of surviving and developing under stress and become, at least temporarily, tolerant to stress factors. In this review, I present several already recognized as well as novel methods of the priming process called priming, resulting in the so-called “primed state” of the plant organism. Primed plants have a higher capability of surviving and developing under stress, and become, at least temporarily, tolerant to stress factors. In this review, several already recognized as well as novel methods of priming plants towards tolerance to metallic stress are discussed, with attention paid to similarities in priming mechanisms activated by the most versatile priming agents. This knowledge could contribute to the development of priming mixtures to counteract negative effects of multi-metallic and multi-abiotic stresses. Presentation of mechanisms is complemented with information on the genes regulated by priming towards metallic stress tolerance. Novel compounds and techniques that can be exploited in priming experiments are also summarized.
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Dai H, Wei S, Pogrzeba M, Krzyżak J, Rusinowski S, Zhang Q. The cadmium accumulation differences of two Bidens pilosa L. ecotypes from clean farmlands and the changes of some physiology and biochemistry indices. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111847. [PMID: 33388723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bidens pilosa L. is a widely distributed Cd-hyperaccumulator species in the world with large biomass and fast growth rate. The Cd accumulating differences between different ecotypes of B. pilosa is not clear. This experiment firstly compared the Cd concentrations and relative physio-biochemical indices using two B. pilosa ecotypes collected from clean soils. The results showed that the Cd concentrations of stems and leaves of Hanzhong ecotype of B. pilosa (HZ) and Shenyang ecotype (SY) were all higher than their root Cd concentrations in different Cd concentration gradient experiment (from 2.57 mg kg-1 to 37.17 mg kg-1 in soils). Cd concentrations of the roots, stems and leaves of HZ and SY were all higher than in the soils either. However, HZ accumulated higher Cd concentrations than SY, i.e. roots increased by 32.7-45.8%, stems increased by 32.3-46.6% and leaves increased by 33.4-68.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the biomasses of HZ were all higher than the SY either. Compared to SY, higher Cd accumulation of HZ might be relevant with its higher photosynthetic pigment content, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, some antioxidant enzyme activities, H+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase and 5'-AMPase activities, and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Particularly, the changes of extractable Cd concentrations in rhizospheric soils of HZ and SY were corresponding to their Cd concentrations. Considering the two different ecotypes of HZ and SY were all collected from different clean farmlands, the new foundings that different mechanisms of HZ and SY accumulating Cd from the soil might be very important for screening and constructing ideal hyperaccumulator aimed at improving phytoremediation capacities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Dai
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Marta Pogrzeba
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha St, Katowice 40-844, Poland
| | - Jacek Krzyżak
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha St, Katowice 40-844, Poland
| | - Szymon Rusinowski
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha St, Katowice 40-844, Poland
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
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Pires-Lira MF, de Castro EM, Lira JMS, de Oliveira C, Pereira FJ, Pereira MP. Potential of Panicum aquanticum Poir. (Poaceae) for the phytoremediation of aquatic environments contaminated by lead. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 193:110336. [PMID: 32092581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments contaminated by lead (Pb) are a problem in many regions of world. Since Pb has high toxicity, the identification of species for phytoremediation is important for the recovery of these areas. Thus, the phytoremediation potential of Panicum aquaticum Poir. (Poaceae) was evaluated. The anatomical and physiological responses of P. aquaticum were assessed under different concentrations of Pb [0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mM of Pb(NO3)2]. Plant growth, anatomy of roots and leaves, root uptake, root to shoot translocation, and the concentration and accumulation of Pb in organs were analyzed. Regarding leaf anatomy, Pb treatment led to changes in epidermis thickness, stomatal density, stomatal diameter, and sclerenchymal area. Endoderm thickness was increased at the highest concentrations of Pb, which may be related to reduced translocation and shoot accumulation. The roots of P. aquaticum presented increased absorption (2279 μg g-1 DW-1 of Pb). In conclusion, P. aquaticum was found to have potential for the phytoremediation of areas contaminated with Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinês F Pires-Lira
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, CP 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Evaristo M de Castro
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, CP 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jean Marcel S Lira
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cynthia de Oliveira
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, CP 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Fabrico J Pereira
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcio P Pereira
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, CP 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Soares TFSN, Dias DCFDS, Oliveira AMS, Ribeiro DM, Dias LADS. Exogenous brassinosteroids increase lead stress tolerance in seed germination and seedling growth of Brassica juncea L. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 193:110296. [PMID: 32092579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal to plants, animals, and human beings. The use of growth regulators has reversed the effects of heavy metal stress on germination and early plant development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of brassinosteroids on seed germination and seedling growth of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss. under Pb stress conditions. Two forms of application of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) were evaluated, application on seeds in pre-soaking and on germination paper, using EBL concentrations of 0, 10-10, 10-8, and 10-6 M. Germination and seedling growth parameters were evaluated during the germination test. The activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase were determined, as well as the lead content in the seeds and seedlings. The EBL applied at the 10-8 M concentration was the most effective in overcoming Pb stress in both forms of application. The antioxidant enzyme defense system was compromised by Pb exposure. However, 10-8 M EBL increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and peroxidase to overcome the toxic effects caused by Pb. In addition, EBL at the concentration of 10-8 M increased Pb content in seedlings without affecting seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dimas Mendes Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Zhang Q, Zhan J, Yu H, Li T, Zhang X, Huang H, Zhang Y. Lead accumulation and soil microbial activity in the rhizosphere of the mining and non-mining ecotypes of Athyrium wardii (Hook.) Makino in adaptation to lead-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:32957-32966. [PMID: 31512134 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Better understanding of microbial activity in the rhizosphere soils associated with lead (Pb) uptake by plants may help with the phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soils. In this work, the effects of Pb exposure (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 mg kg-1) on Pb accumulation and soil microbial activity in the rhizosphere of the mining ecotype (ME) and corresponding non-mining ecotype (NME) of Athyrium wardii (Hook.) Makino were investigated through a pot experiment. Although the plant growth of the two ecotypes was inhibited under Pb stress, the ME showed a less biomass decrease (12.6-44.0%) for aboveground than the NME, showing a greater tolerance to Pb stress. Pb concentrations as well as Pb accumulation in the two ecotypes showed an increasing trend with increasing soil Pb concentrations. The ME presented greater Pb accumulation ability than the NME, especially in underground parts. Pb availability in the rhizosphere soils of the two ecotypes after harvest decreased compared with those before transplantation. Available Pb in the rhizosphere of the ME was 1.4-4.8 times higher than that of the NME under exposure to 200-800 mg kg-1 Pb. The ME shows a greater ability to mobilize Pb in the rhizosphere soils. Pb exposure resulted in an inhibition of microbial activity in the rhizosphere of the two ecotypes. The ME demonstrated greater soil respiration and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in the rhizosphere than the NME when treated with 200-800 mg kg-1 Pb. The ME showed a less decrease for MBC and a less increase for metabolic quotient in the rhizosphere soils than the NME when exposed to Pb generally. Microorganisms in the rhizosphere soils of the ME seem to be much more adapted to Pb stress, thus showing a great benefit for Pb accumulation and the phytostabilization of Pb-contaminated soils by the ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Zhan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tingxuan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xizhou Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Huagang Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunhong Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
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12
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Jaskulak M, Grobelak A, Grosser A, Vandenbulcke F. Gene expression, DNA damage and other stress markers in Sinapis alba L. exposed to heavy metals with special reference to sewage sludge application on contaminated sites. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:508-517. [PMID: 31234065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioindicators are promising tools used to detect the long-term effects of selected biosolids on plants development and should be implemented before large-scale supplementation of sewage sludge into the soil. The presented study shows the impact of sewage sludge application on metal-sensitive toxicity biological parameters (biomarkers) in Sinapis alba including: germination, root length, the activity of guaiacol peroxidase, the chlorophyll content, the level of DNA damage and the expression level of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) and metallothionein (mt). We evaluated data from selected biomarkers in order to broaden our understanding of plants defense mechanisms against heavy metal contamination and the application of sewage sludge into soils. Overall, in contaminated soil after supplementation with both municipal sewage sludges, an increase in toxicity was noticed in DNA damage, mt and rbcl expression and total chlorophyll content. The supplementation of both soils with municipal sewage sludge caused a two-time induction in the mt expression. Moreover, clean soil supplemented with sewage sludge caused an increase in DNA damage shown as the tail moment from approximately 12 μm on control to 40 μm after supplementation. Even if those biosolids increased the initial germination, roots length, and biomass in comparison to the unamended soil, the toxicity was evidenced with other stress markers. Results showed, that in order to accurately assess the influence of sewage sludge application on plants the use of several specific biomarkers is required for safe land restoration. The conducted study also confirmed, both under biochemical and genotoxic tests, that iron enrichment for biosolids or contaminated soil can significantly reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of other metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Jaskulak
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland; University of Lille, Laboratory of Civil Engineering and Environment (LGCgE), Environmental Axis, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Anna Grobelak
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Anna Grosser
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- University of Lille, Laboratory of Civil Engineering and Environment (LGCgE), Environmental Axis, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Muszyńska E, Labudda M, Kamińska I, Górecka M, Bederska-Błaszczyk M. Evaluation of heavy metal-induced responses in Silene vulgaris ecotypes. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1279-1297. [PMID: 31044286 PMCID: PMC6713691 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Silene vulgaris is a pseudometallophyte that spontaneously occurs in various ecological niches. Therefore, three ecotypes of this species representing calamine (CAL), serpentine (SER), and non-metallicolous (NM) populations were investigated in this study. Owing to the presence of Pb or Ni ions in natural habitats from metallicolous populations originated, we used these metals as model stressors to determine the survival strategy of tested ecotypes and analyze metal distribution at various levels of organism organization. We focused on growth tolerance, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and photosynthetic apparatus efficiency as well as anatomical and ultrastructural changes occurred in contrasting ecotypes exposed in vitro to excess amounts of Pb2+ and Ni2+. Although Ni application contributed to shoot culture death, the study revealed that the mechanisms of Pb detoxification differed between ecotypes. The unspecific reaction of both metallicolous specimens relied on the formation of effective mechanical barrier against toxic ion penetration, while the Pb appearance in the protoplasts led to the activation of ecotype-specific intracellular defense mechanisms. Hence, the response of CAL and SER ecotypes was almost unchanged under Pb treatment, whereas the reaction of NM one resulted in growth disturbances and physiological alternations. Moreover, both metallicolous ecotypes exhibited increase generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaves, even before the harmful ions got into these parts of plants. It may implicate the potential role of ROS in CAL and SER adaptation to heavy metals and, for the first time, indicate on integral function of ROS as signaling molecules in metal-tolerant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Labudda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Kamińska
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture, Al. 29-Listopada 54, 31-425, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mirosława Górecka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bederska-Błaszczyk
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Li X, Ma L, Li Y, Wang L, Zhang L. Endophyte infection enhances accumulation of organic acids and minerals in rice under Pb 2+ stress conditions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:255-262. [PMID: 30831474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of endophyte infection on Pb accumulation, organic acids (OAs) and mineral element contents by comparing endophyte-uninfected (E-) and endophyte-infected (E+) rice exposed to 0, 10.36, 20.72, 31.08 and 41.44 mg/L Pb2+ for 10 days. Pb2+ stress decreased growth, dry weight, and chlorophyll (Chl) content in E- and E+ in a concentration-dependent manner. Pb2+ accumulation was similar in E- and E+. Under Pb2+ stress, E+ accumulated more malate and fumarate in the leaves compared to E-, as well as more tartrate, malate, succinate and fumarate in the roots. Furthermore, E+ secreted more malate and lactate under 41.44 mg/L Pb2+ stress. Malate accumulation was induced by endophyte infection under Pb2+ exposure suggesting that malate is the most obvious candidate ligand for Pb2+. Endophyte infection increased Ca, Mg, P, Fe and Ni contents in the leaves and Ni contents in the roots under Pb2+ stress, but reduced Fe content in the roots under high Pb2+ stress. Under same Pb2+ concentration, endophyte infection significantly increased plant height, the dry weight of the shoots, and Chl content. The effects of endophyte infection might be due to changes in OAs accumulation and exudation and improvements in mineral uptake under Pb2+ stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, PR China
| | - Lianju Ma
- College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, PR China
| | - Yueying Li
- College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, PR China
| | - Lanlan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, PR China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
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15
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Muszyńska E, Hanus-Fajerska E, Ciarkowska K. Studies on lead and cadmium toxicity in Dianthus carthusianorum calamine ecotype cultivated in vitro. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:474-482. [PMID: 29450951 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Information on metallophytes during reclamation of land contaminated with heavy metals is sparse. We investigated the response of D. carthusianorum calamine ecotype to Pb and Cd stress. We focused on in vitro selection of tolerant plant material for direct use in chemically degraded areas. Shoot cultures were treated with various concentrations of Pb or Cd ions. Plantlet status was estimated as micropropagation efficiency, growth tolerance index (GTI) and through physiological analysis. Moreover, determination of plant Pb, Cd and other elements was performed. The application of Pb(NO3 )2 resulted in stronger growth inhibition than application of CdCl2 . In the presence of Pb ions, a reduction was observed of both, the micropropagation coefficient to 1.1-1.8 and the GTI to 48%. In contrast, Cd ions had a positive influence on tested cultures, expressed as an increase of GTI up to 243% on medium enriched with 1.0 μm CdCl2 . Moreover, photosynthetic pigment content in shoots cultivated on media with CdCl2 was higher than in control treatment. The adaptation to Cd was associated with decreased accumulation of phenols in the order: 0.0 μm > 1.0 μm > 3.0 μm > 5.5 μm CdCl2 . It seems that high tolerance to Cd is related to K uptake, which is involved in antioxidant defence. This work presents an innovative approach to the impact of Cd ions on plant growth and suggests a potential biological role of this metal in species from metalliferous areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Muszyńska
- Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Hanus-Fajerska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Ciarkowska
- Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Institute of Soil Science and Agrophysics, Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
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Sidhu GPS, Bali AS, Bhardwaj R, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK. RETRACTED: Bioaccumulation and physiological responses to lead (Pb) in Chenopodium murale L. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 151:83-90. [PMID: 29310013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Preet Singh Sidhu
- Department of Applied Sciences, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Aditi Shreeya Bali
- Department of Botany, M.C.M. DAV College for Women, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Daizy R Batish
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar Kohli
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; Central University of Punjab, Mansa Road, Bathinda 151001, India
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Sidhu GPS, Bali AS, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK. Phytoremediation of lead by a wild, non-edible Pb accumulator Coronopus didymus (L.) Brassicaceae. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2018; 20:483-489. [PMID: 29020458 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1374331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronopus didymus was examined in terms of its ability to remediate Pb-contaminated soils. Pot experiments were conducted for 4 and 6 weeks to compare the growth, biomass, photosynthetic efficiency, lead (Pb) uptake, and accumulation by C. didymus plants. The plants grew well having no visible toxic symptoms and 100% survivability, exposed to different Pb-spiked soils 100, 350, 1500, and 2500 mg kg-1, supplied as lead nitrate. After 4 weeks, root and shoot concentrations reached 1652 and 502 mg Pb kg-1 DW, while after 6 weeks they increased up to 3091 and 527 mg Pb kg-1 DW, respectively, at highest Pb concentration. As compared to the 4 week experiments, the plant growth and biomass yield were higher after 6 weeks of Pb exposure. However, the chlorophyll content of leaves decreased but only a slight decline in photosynthetic efficiency was observed on exposure to Pb at both 4 and 6 weeks. The Pb accumulation was higher in roots than in the shoots. The bioconcentration factor of Pb was > 1 in all the plant samples, but the translocation factor was < 1. This suggested C. didymus as a good candidate for phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soils and can be used for future remediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harminder Pal Singh
- a Department of Environment Studies , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Daizy R Batish
- b Department of Botany , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Ravinder Kumar Kohli
- b Department of Botany , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
- c Central University of Punjab , Mansa Road, Bathinda , India
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Silva E, Guilherme MDF, Oliveira H, Viana Z, Santos VL. Caracterização morfométrica e efeitos ecotoxicológicos do chumbo na germinação de sementes de Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000272016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO: Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi é uma árvore perenifólia, encontrada em diversos biomas brasileiros e utilizada no reflorestamento de áreas degradadas que podem estar contaminadas por metais pesados. Esta pesquisa determinou as características morfométricas e avaliou os efeitos ecotoxicológicos do chumbo (Pb) no desenvolvimento germinativo da aroeira pimenteira (S. terebinthifolius). Foram determinadas a umidade (%) e 12 medidas morfométricas das sementes (n = 230), a saber: peso de 1.000 sementes, comprimento, largura, espessura, alongamento em 3 dimensões (comprimento, largura e espessura), diâmetro médio geométrico, área superficial, volume, esfericidade e densidade volumétrica. Os efeitos ecotoxicológicos do Pb foram avaliados em 8 diferentes concentrações (0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0 e 6,0 mM) em triplicatas com 40 sementes por replicata. As variáveis resposta foram: volume da semente durante o desenvolvimento germinativo, porcentagem de germinação e velocidade de germinação. O Pb presente em baixas concentrações causa efeitos tóxicos que afetam o percentual (0,2 mM) e a velocidade de germinação (0,4 mM). Apesar desses efeitos, eles não se elevaram quando a S. terebinthifolius foi exposta a concentrações maiores de Pb. Assim, é provável que a S. terebinthifolius tenha tolerância ou adaptação fisiológica ao Pb. Entretanto, em ambientes contaminados por esse metal, o seu estabelecimento inicial pode ser comprometido ou impossibilitado devido a esse estresse químico.
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Muszyńska E, Hanus-Fajerska E, Koźmińska A. Differential Tolerance to Lead and Cadmium of Micropropagated Gypsophila fastigiata Ecotype. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2018; 229:42. [PMID: 29398730 PMCID: PMC5785615 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-018-3702-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In vitro techniques may provide a suitable tool for effective propagation and conservation of plant species representing various ecological niches. The elaboration of such protocols is also prerequisite for selection of heavy-metal-tolerant plant material that could be afterwards used for restoration or remediation of polluted sites. In this study, culture protocol for Gypsophila fastigiata propagation was developed. The highest multiplication coefficient, which reached 6.5, and the best growth parameters were obtained on modified MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 2iP and 0.2 mg L-1 IAA. The obtained cultures were treated with different concentrations of lead nitrate (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mM Pb(NO3)2) or cadmium chloride (0.5, 2.5, and 5.0 μM CdCl2). The growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, and phenolic compound content were examined in order to evaluate whether tested metal salts can have an adverse impact on studied culture. It was ascertained that Pb ions induced growth disturbances and contributed to shoot wither. On the contrary, the proliferative shoot cultures were established on media containing Cd ions and the multiplication coefficients and shoot length increased on all media enriched with CdCl2. Chlorophylls and carotenoid contents were negatively affected by application of 5.0 μM of cadmium; nevertheless, in shoots treated with 2.5 μM CdCl2, increased accumulation of photosynthetic pigments occurred and their amount was similar to untreated culture. Adaptation to Cd was associated with stimulation of phenolic compound synthesis. Hence, we have reported on unambiguous positive result of in vitro selection procedure to obtain vigorous shoot culture tolerant to cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Hanus-Fajerska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture, al. 29-Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Koźmińska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture, al. 29-Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
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Li X, Cen H, Chen Y, Xu S, Peng L, Zhu H, Li Y. Physiological analyses indicate superoxide dismutase, catalase, and phytochelatins play important roles in Pb tolerance in Eremochloa ophiuroides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2016; 18:251-60. [PMID: 26368658 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1084994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is considered to be a promising approach to restore or stabilize soil contaminated by lead (Pb). Turfgrasses, due to their high biomass yields, are considered to be suitable for use in phytoextraction of soil contaminated with heavy metal. It has been demonstrated that centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack., Poaceae) is a good turfgrass for restore of soil contaminated by Pb. However, the enhanced tolerant mechanisms in metallicolous (M) centipedegrass accessions remain unknown. In this study, we made a comparative study of growth performance, Pb accumulation, antioxidant levels, and phytochelatin concentrations in roots and shoots from M and nonmetallicolous (NM) centipedegrass accessions. Results showed that turf quality and growth rate were less repressed in M accessions than in NM accession. Pb stress caused generation of reactive oxygen species in centipedegrass with relatively lower levels in M accessions. Antioxidant activity analysis indicated that superoxide dismutase and catalase played important roles in Pb tolerance in M accessions. M accessions accumulated more Pb in roots and shoots. Greatly increased phytochelatins and less repressed sulfur contents in roots and shoots of M accessions indicated that they correlated with Pb accumulation and tolerance in centipedegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- a College of Landscape Architecture , Sichuan Agricultural University , Wenjiang , Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Huameng Cen
- a College of Landscape Architecture , Sichuan Agricultural University , Wenjiang , Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Youxiang Chen
- b Chengdu Tian-kai-jin-cheng Plant Technology Co. Ltd , Chengdu , Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Siying Xu
- a College of Landscape Architecture , Sichuan Agricultural University , Wenjiang , Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Lingli Peng
- a College of Landscape Architecture , Sichuan Agricultural University , Wenjiang , Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Hanmingyue Zhu
- a College of Landscape Architecture , Sichuan Agricultural University , Wenjiang , Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Yiqiao Li
- c Business School , Sichuan Agricultural University , Dujiangyan , Sichuan , P. R. China
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Zhao L, Li T, Yu H, Chen G, Zhang X, Zheng Z, Li J. Changes in chemical forms, subcellular distribution, and thiol compounds involved in Pb accumulation and detoxification in Athyrium wardii (Hook.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:12676-12688. [PMID: 25913310 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Athyrium wardii is one of the dominant plant species flourishing on the Pb-Zn mine tailings in Sichuan Province, China. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the chemical forms, subcellular distribution, and thiol compounds in A. wardii under different Pb treatments. The results showed that plants of the mining ecotype (ME) of A. wardii were more tolerant to Pb than those of the non-mining ecotype (NME) in spite of accumulation of higher Pb concentrations. The Pb concentrations in shoots and roots of the ME were 3.2∼8.6 times and 3.0∼24.6 times higher than those of the NME, respectively. The ME was more efficient in Pb uptake than the NME. Moreover, 27.8∼39.0% of the total Pb in ME was sodium chloride (NaCl) extractable and 38.0∼48.5% was acetic acid (HAc) extractable, whereas only a minority of total Pb was in ethanol and H2O extractable. In subcellular level, 77.4∼88.8% of total Pb was stored in the cell walls of ME and 9.0∼18.9% in soluble fractions. Increasing Pb concentrations enhanced sequestration of Pb into the cell walls and soluble fractions of ME tissues to protect organelles against Pb. Synthesis of non-protein thiols (NP-SH) and phytochelatins (PCs) in roots of ME significantly enhanced in response to Pb stress, and significant increases in glutathione (GSH) were observed in shoots of ME. Higher levels of NP-SH, GSH, and PCs were observed in roots of the ME comparing with NME, especially under high Pb treatments. The results indicated that Pb was localized mainly in cell wall and soluble fraction of ME plants with low biological activity by cell wall deposition and vacuolar compartmentalization, which might be the important adapted Pb detoxification mechanisms of ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Wójcik M, Dresler S, Plak A, Tukiendorf A. Naturally evolved enhanced Cd tolerance of Dianthus carthusianorum L. is not related to accumulation of thiol peptides and organic acids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:7906-17. [PMID: 25510617 PMCID: PMC4432087 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Two contrasting ecotypes of Dianthus carthusianorum L., metallicolous (M) and nonmetallicolous (NM), were cultivated in hydroponics at 0-50 μM Cd for 14 days to compare their Cd accumulation, sensitivity and tolerance mechanisms. While both ecotypes contained similar concentrations of Cd in the shoots and roots, the M ecotype was more Cd-tolerant (as measured by fresh weight production and root and leaf viability). Both ecotypes accumulated phytochelatins (PCs) in response to Cd with a higher amount thereof found in the NM ecotype. Concentrations of PCs remained unchanged with increasing Cd concentrations in the root tissues, but their content in the shoots increased. The addition of L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) diminished glutathione (GSH) accumulation and arrested PC production, which increased the sensitivity to Cd of the NM, but not M ecotype. Organic acids (malate and citrate) as well as proline accumulation did not change significantly after Cd exposition and was at the same level in both ecotypes. The enhanced Cd tolerance of the M ecotype of D. carthusianorum cannot be explained in terms of restricted Cd uptake and differential production of PCs, organic acids or proline; some other mechanisms must be involved in its adaptation to the high Cd content in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland,
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Wang Y, Shen H, Xu L, Zhu X, Li C, Zhang W, Xie Y, Gong Y, Liu L. Transport, ultrastructural localization, and distribution of chemical forms of lead in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:293. [PMID: 26005445 PMCID: PMC4424845 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), a ubiquitous but highly toxic heavy metal (HM), is harmful to human health through various pathways including by ingestion of contaminated vegetables. Radish is a worldwide root vegetable crop with significant health and nutritional benefits. However, little is known about Pb translocation and distribution within radish plants after its uptake by the roots. In this study, Pb stress was induced using Pb(NO3)2 in hydroponic culture, aiming to characterize the transport, ultrastructural localization, and distribution of chemical forms of Pb in different tissues of radish. The results showed that the majority of Pb (85.76-98.72%) was retained in underground organs including lateral roots, root heads and taproot skins, while a small proportion of Pb was absorbed by root flesh (0.44-1.56%) or transported to the shoot (1.28-14.24%). A large proportion of Pb (74.11-99.30%) was integrated with undissolved Pb oxalate, protein and pectates forming Pb-phosphate complexes. Moreover, a low-Pb-accumulating line of radish showed a higher proportion of Pb in water-soluble form compared with a high-Pb-accumulating line. Subcellular distribution analysis showed that a large proportion of Pb was bound to cell wall fraction in lateral roots (71.08-80.40%) and taproot skin (46.22-77.94%), while the leaves and roots had 28.36-39.37% and 27.35-46.51% of Pb stored in the soluble fraction, respectively. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed Pb precipitates in intercellular space, cell wall, plasma lemma and vacuoles. Fractionation results also showed the accumulation of Pb on the cell wall, intercellular space and vacuole, and low uptake of undissolved Pb oxalate, protein, pectates and Pb-phosphate complexes, which might be due to low transport efficiency and Pb tolerance of radish. These findings would provide insight into molecular mechanism of Pb uptake and translocation in radish and facilitate development of low-Pb-content cultivars in root vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Hong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Liang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xianwen Zhu
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State UniversityFargo, ND, USA
| | - Chao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yang Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yiqin Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Liwang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Liwang Liu, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
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Dresler S, Bednarek W, Wójcik M. Effect of cadmium on selected physiological and morphological parameters in metallicolous and non-metallicolous populations of Echium vulgare L. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 104:332-8. [PMID: 24732029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium tolerance of three populations of Echium vulgare L., naturally occurring on two Zn-Pb waste deposits (metallicolous populations M1, M2) and on an uncontaminated site (non-metallicolous population, NM) was investigated. The plants were cultivated in hydroponics at 0, 5, 15, 30, or 50μM Cd for 14 days. Although Cd reduced the content of photosynthetic pigments indifferently in the three populations, plant growth parameters and root viability analyses confirmed different Cd tolerances decreasing in the order M1>M2>NM in the populations studied. Organic acids (tartrate, malate, citrate, succinate) were not responsible for the elevated Cd tolerance of the metallicolous populations, although malate and citrate might participate in Cd detoxification in the roots of the M1 and M2. Phytochelatin concentrations were higher in the roots of M1 and M2 populations of E. vulgare, suggesting their role in Cd detoxification and different Cd tolerances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Dresler
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wiesław Bednarek
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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