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Lindow S, Koutsoukis R, Meyer K, Baccari C. Control of Pierce's Disease of Grape with Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN in the Field. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:503-511. [PMID: 37913631 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-23-0219-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Replicated field studies were conducted to evaluate the factors that could influence the efficacy of Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN for the control of Pierce's disease of grape, as well as to determine the extent to which disease control was systemic within plants. Topical applications of PsJN with an organosilicon surfactant was an effective way to introduce this bacterium under field conditions and provided similar levels of disease control as its mechanical inoculation. Disease incidence in inoculated shoots was often reduced two- to threefold when PsJN was inoculated a single time as much as 3 weeks before Xylella fastidiosa and up to 5 weeks after the pathogen. Inoculation of a shoot with PsJN greatly decreased the probability of any symptoms rather than reducing the severity of disease, suggesting a systemic protective response of individual shoots. Although the likelihood of disease symptoms on shoots inoculated with the pathogen on PsJN-treated plants was lower than on control plants inoculated only with the pathogen, the protection conferred by PsJN was not experienced by all shoots on a given plant. This suggested that any systemic resistance was spatially limited. Whereas the population size of PsJN increased to more than 106 cells/g and spread more than 1 m within 12 weeks after its inoculation alone into grape, its population size subsequently decreased greatly after about 5 weeks, and its distal dispersal in stems was restricted when co-inoculated with X. fastidiosa. PsJN may experience collateral damage from apparent host responses induced when both species are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Lindow
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Renee Koutsoukis
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Kyle Meyer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Clelia Baccari
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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Siciliano A, Zorrilla JG, Saviano L, Cimmino A, Guida M, Masi M, Meyer S. Insights into the Ecotoxicology of Radicinin and (10 S,11 S)-(-)- epi-Pyriculol, Fungal Metabolites with Potential Application for Buffelgrass ( Cenchrus ciliaris) Biocontrol. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:405. [PMID: 37368705 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) is an invasive C4 perennial grass species that substantially reduces native plant diversity of the Sonoran Desert through fire promotion and resource competition. Broad-spectrum herbicides are essentially used for its control, but they have a negative environmental and ecological impact. Recently, phytotoxicity on C. ciliaris has been discovered for two metabolites produced in vitro by the phytopathogenic fungi Cochliobolus australiensis and Pyricularia grisea. They were identified as (10S,11S)-(-)-epi-pyriculol and radicinin and resulted in being potential candidates for the development of bioherbicides for buffelgrass biocontrol. They have already shown promising results, but their ecotoxicological profiles and degradability have been poorly investigated. In this study, ecotoxicological tests against representative organisms from aquatic ecosystems (Aliivibrio fischeri bacterium, Raphidocelis subcapitata alga, and Daphnia magna crustacean) revealed relatively low toxicity for these compounds, supporting further studies for their practical application. The stability of these metabolites in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 8692:2012 culture medium under different temperatures and light conditions was also evaluated, revealing that 98.90% of radicinin degraded after 3 days in sunlight. Significant degradation percentages (59.51-73.82%) were also obtained at room temperature, 30 °C or under ultraviolet (254 nm) light exposure. On the other hand, (10S,11S)-epi-pyriculol showed more stability under all the aforementioned conditions (49.26-65.32%). The sunlight treatment was also shown to be most effective for the degradation of this metabolite. These results suggest that radicinin could provide rapid degradability when used in agrochemical formulations, whereas (10S,11S)-epi-pyriculol stands as a notably more stable compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Jesús G Zorrilla
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, C/Avenida República Saharaui, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Saviano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Masi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Susan Meyer
- Shrub Sciences Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, 369 North 100 West Suite 8, Cedar City, UT 84721, USA
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Samperna S, Zanotti C, Scafato P, Boari A, Visconti S, Vurro M, Superchi S, Evidente A, Marra M. (±)-3-Deoxyradicinin Induces Stomata Opening and Chloroplast Oxidative Stress in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108467. [PMID: 37239812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Radicinin is a phytotoxic dihydropyranopyran-4,5-dione isolated from the culture filtrates of Cochliobolus australiensis, a phytopathogenic fungus of the invasive weed buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris). Radicinin proved to have interesting potential as a natural herbicide. Being interested in elucidating the mechanism of action and considering radicinin is produced in small quantities by C. australiensis, we opted to use (±)-3-deoxyradicinin, a synthetic analogue of radicinin that is available in larger quantities and shows radicinin-like phytotoxic activities. To obtain information about subcellular targets and mechanism(s) of action of the toxin, the study was carried out by using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), which, apart from its economic relevance, has become a model plant species for physiological and molecular studies. Results of biochemical assays showed that (±)-3-deoxyradicinin administration to leaves induced chlorosis, ion leakage, hydrogen peroxide production, and membrane lipid peroxidation. Remarkably, the compound determined the uncontrolled opening of stomata, which, in turn, resulted in plant wilting. Confocal microscopy analysis of protoplasts treated with (±)-3-deoxyradicinin ascertained that the toxin targeted chloroplasts, eliciting an overproduction of reactive singlet oxygen species. This oxidative stress status was related by qRT-PCR experiments to the activation of transcription of genes of a chloroplast-specific pathway of programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Samperna
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Clarissa Zanotti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Scafato
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Angela Boari
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Sabina Visconti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vurro
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Superchi
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Marra
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Diversity, Lifestyle, Genomics, and Their Functional Role of Cochliobolus, Bipolaris, and Curvularia Species in Environmental Remediation and Plant Growth Promotion under Biotic and Abiotic Stressors. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020254. [PMID: 36836368 PMCID: PMC9962790 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cochliobolus, Bipolaris, and Curvularia genera contain various devastating plant pathogens that cause severe crop losses worldwide. The species belonging to these genera also perform a variety of diverse functions, including the remediation of environmental contaminations, beneficial phytohormone production, and maintaining their lifestyle as epiphytes, endophytes, and saprophytes. Recent research has revealed that despite their pathogenic nature, these fungi also play an intriguing role in agriculture. They act as phosphate solubilizers and produce phytohormones, such as indole acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GAs), to accelerate the growth of various plants. Some species have also been reported to play a significant role in plant growth promotion during abiotic stresses, such as salinity stress, drought stress, heat stress, and heavy metal stress, as well as act as a biocontrol agent and a potential mycoherbicide. Similarly, these species have been reported in numerous industrial applications to produce different types of secondary metabolites and biotechnological products and possess a variety of biological properties, such as antibacterial, antileishmanial, cytotoxic, phytotoxic, and antioxidant activities. Additionally, some of the species have been utilized in the production of numerous valuable industrial enzymes and biotransformation, which has an impact on the growth of crops all over the world. However, the current literature is dispersed, and some of the key areas, such as taxonomy, phylogeny, genome sequencing, phytohormonal analysis, and diversity, are still being neglected in terms of the elucidation of its mechanisms, plant growth promotion, stress tolerance, and bioremediation. In this review, we highlighted the potential role, function, and diversity of Cochliobolus, Curvularia, and Bipolaris for improved utilization during environmental biotechnology.
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Exploring Active Peptides with Antimicrobial Activity In Planta against Xylella fastidiosa. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111685. [DOI: 10.3390/biology11111685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a xylem-limited quarantine plant bacterium and one of the most harmful agricultural pathogens across the world. Despite significant research efforts, neither a direct treatment nor an efficient strategy has yet been developed for combatting Xylella-associated diseases. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been gaining interest as a promising sustainable tool to control pathogens due to their unique mechanism of action, broad spectrum of activity, and low environmental impact. In this study, we disclose the bioactivity of nine AMPs reported in the literature to be efficient against human and plant pathogen bacteria, i.e., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, against Xf, through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Based on viable-quantitative PCR (v-qPCR), fluorescence microscopy (FM), optical density (OD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assays, peptides Ascaphin-8 (GF19), DASamP1 (FF13), and DASamP2 (IL14) demonstrated the highest bactericidal and antibiofilm activities and were more efficient than the peptide PB178 (KL29), reported as one of the most potent AMPs against Xf at present. Furthermore, these AMPs showed low to no toxicity when tested on eukaryotic cells. In in planta tests, no Xf disease symptoms were noticed in Nicotiana tabacum plants treated with the AMPs 40 days post inoculation. This study highlighted the high antagonistic activity of newly tested AMP candidates against Xf, which could lead to the development of promising eco-friendly management of Xf-related diseases.
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Mathieu V, Superchi S, Masi M, Scafato P, Kornienko A, Evidente A. In Vitro Effects of Fungal Phytotoxins on Cancer Cell Viability: First Insight into Structure Activity Relationship of a Potent Metabolite of Cochliobolus australiensis Radicinin. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14080517. [PMID: 36006179 PMCID: PMC9415302 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds have always represented an important source for new drugs. Although fungi represent one such viable source, to date, no fungal metabolite has been marketed as an anticancer drug. Based on our work with phytotoxins as potential chemical scaffolds and our recent findings involving three phytopathogenic fungi, i.e., Cochliobolus australiensis, Kalmusia variispora and Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, herein, we evaluate the in vitro anti-cancer activity of the metabolites of these fungi by MTT assays on three cancer cell models harboring various resistance levels to chemotherapeutic drugs. Radicinin, a phytotoxic dihydropyranopyran-4,5-dione produced by Cochliobolus australiensis, with great potential for the biocontrol of the invasive weed buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris), showed significant anticancer activity in the micromolar range. Furthermore, a SAR study was carried out using radicinin, some natural analogues and hemisynthetic derivatives prepared by synthetic methods developed as part of work aimed at the potential application of these molecules as bioherbicides. This investigation opens new avenues for the design and synthesis of novel radicinin analogues as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Mathieu
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Accès 2, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium
- ULB Cancer Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Stefano Superchi
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Marco Masi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Patrizia Scafato
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA;
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.E.)
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Richa, Kushwaha N, Negi S, Kumar A, Zangrando E, Kataria R, Saini V. Synthesis, characterization and utility of a series of novel copper(II) complexes as excellent surface disinfectants against nosocomial infections. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13699-13711. [PMID: 34013925 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00199j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nosocomial infections are among the major public health concerns, especially during the ongoing Covid19 pandemic. There is a great demand for novel chemical agents that are capable of killing specific pathogens or augmenting the efficiency of existing disinfectants. Herein, we report the synthesis and comprehensive characterization (through FT-IR, HR-MS, SEM, TGA-DSC, CV, UV and SCXRD analyses) of six novel copper(II) complexes, [CuL(4X-An)] (5a-5d), [CuL(An)] (5e), and [CuL(benzhydrylamine)] (5f), and their evaluation as anti-microbial agents against WHO priority pathogens, confirming their possible use in hospital settings. The compounds were synthesized with a Schiff base (H2L) obtained by the condensation reaction of 3-acetyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione (DHA) and benzohydrazide and further addition of different p-substituted aniline (An) molecules. Single crystal structure analyses revealed that the aniline derivatives are isostructural to the copper atom in a square planar coordination, while the benzhydrylamine complex forms a dimer (5f), with a square pyramidal coordination geometry for the metal. Time-kill kinetics and reduced microbial recovery studies revealed excellent bactericidal action against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Particularly, the novel compound 5f significantly reduced microbial recovery compared to ethanol-based sanitisers. In fact, addition of 5f to 70% ethanol remarkably synergized the killing with >6-log reduction in microbial burden. Overall, our novel compounds would increase the disinfection efficacy in hospitals and industries, thereby improving the efficiency and minimizing the risk of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advance Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Namrata Kushwaha
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Translational Research, Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Sheetal Negi
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Translational Research, Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advance Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Ramesh Kataria
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advance Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Vikram Saini
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Translational Research, Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Al Subeh ZY, Raja HA, Obike JC, Pearce CJ, Croatt MP, Oberlies NH. Media and strain studies for the scaled production of cis-enone resorcylic acid lactones as feedstocks for semisynthesis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:496-507. [PMID: 34155352 PMCID: PMC8313427 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Resorcylic acid lactones (RALs) with a cis-enone moiety, represented by hypothemycin (1) and (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol (2), are fungal secondary metabolites with irreversible inhibitory activity against protein kinases, with particularly selective activity for inhibition of TAK1 (transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1). Gram-scale quantities of these compounds were needed as feedstock for semi-synthesizing RAL-analogues in a step-economical fashion. To do so, this study had three primary goals: identifying fungi that biosynthesized 1 and 2, enhancing their production by optimizing the fermentation conditions on the lab scale, and developing straight forward purification processes. After evaluating 536 fungal extracts via an in-house dereplication protocol, three strains were identified as producing cis-enone RALs (i.e., MSX78495, MSX63935, MSX45109). Screening these fungal strains on three grain-based media revealed enhanced production of 1 by strain MSX78495 on oatmeal medium, while rice medium increased the biosynthesis of 2 by strain MSX63935. Furthermore, the purification processes were improved, moving away from HPLC purification to utilizing two to four cycles of resuspension and centrifugation in small volumes of organic solvents, generating gram-scale quantities of these metabolites readily. In addition, studying the chemistry profiles of strains MSX78495 and MSX63935 resulted in the isolation of ten other RALs (3-12), two radicinin analogues (13-14), and six benzopyranones (15-20), with 19 and 20 being newly described chlorinated benzopyranones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Y Al Subeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer C Obike
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | | | - Mitchell P Croatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
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Brandenburg CA, Castro CA, Blacutt AA, Costa EA, Brinton KC, Corral DW, Drozd CL, Roper MC, Rolshausen PE, Maloney KN, Lockner JW. Synthesis of Deoxyradicinin, an Inhibitor of Xylella fastidiosa and Liberibacter crescens, a Culturable Surrogate for Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1810-1816. [PMID: 32510948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pierce's disease of grapevine and citrus huanglongbing are caused by the bacterial pathogens Xylella fastidiosa and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), respectively. Both pathogens reside within the plant vascular system, occluding water and nutrient transport, leading to a decrease in productivity and fruit marketability and ultimately death of their hosts. Field observations of apparently healthy plants in disease-affected vineyards and groves led to the hypothesis that natural products from endophytes may inhibit these bacterial pathogens. Previously, we showed that the natural product radicinin from Cochliobolus sp. inhibits X. fastidiosa. Herein we describe a chemical synthesis of deoxyradicinin and establish it as an inhibitor of both X. fastidiosa and Liberibacter crescens, a culturable surrogate for CLas. The key to this three-step route is a zinc-mediated enolate C-acylation, which allows for direct introduction of the propenyl side chain without extraneous redox manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor A Brandenburg
- Department of Chemistry, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, California 92106, United States
| | - Claudia A Castro
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Alex A Blacutt
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | | | - Kyler C Brinton
- Department of Chemistry, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, California 92106, United States
| | - Diana W Corral
- Department of Chemistry, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, California 92106, United States
| | - Christopher L Drozd
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - M Caroline Roper
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Philippe E Rolshausen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Katherine N Maloney
- Department of Chemistry, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, California 92106, United States
| | - Jonathan W Lockner
- Department of Chemistry, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, California 92106, United States
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Dalinova AA, Salimova DR, Berestetskiy AO. Fungi of the Genera Alternaria as Producers of Biological Active Compounds and Mycoherbicides. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Baró A, Mora I, Montesinos L, Montesinos E. Differential Susceptibility of Xylella fastidiosa Strains to Synthetic Bactericidal Peptides. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:1018-1026. [PMID: 31985337 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-19-0477-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of cell inactivation and the susceptibility of Xylella fastidiosa subspecies fastidiosa, multiplex, and pauca to synthetic antimicrobial peptides from two libraries (CECMEL11 and CYCLO10) were studied. The bactericidal effect was dependent on the relative concentrations of peptide and bacterial cells, and was influenced by the diluent, either buffer or sap. The most bactericidal and lytic peptide was BP178, an enlarged derivative of the amphipathic cationic linear undecapeptide BP100. The maximum reduction in survivors after BP178 treatment occurred within the first 10 to 20 min of contact and at micromolar concentrations (<10 μM), resulting in pore formation in cell membranes, abundant production of outer membrane vesicles, and lysis. A threshold ratio of 109 molecules of peptide per bacterial cell was estimated to be necessary to initiate cell inactivation. There was a differential susceptibility to BP178 among strains, with DD1 being the most resistant and CFBP 8173 the most susceptible. Moreover, strains showed a proportion of cells under the viable but nonculturable state, which was highly variable among strains. These findings may have implications for managing the diseases caused by X. fastidiosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Baró
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-XaRTA-CIDSAV, University of Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Isabel Mora
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-XaRTA-CIDSAV, University of Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Laura Montesinos
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-XaRTA-CIDSAV, University of Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Emilio Montesinos
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-XaRTA-CIDSAV, University of Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
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Cattò C, De Vincenti L, Cappitelli F, D’Attoma G, Saponari M, Villa F, Forlani F. Non-Lethal Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on Xylella fastidiosa Strain De Donno Biofilm Formation and Detachment. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E656. [PMID: 31817370 PMCID: PMC6955915 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated in-vitro the non-lethal effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on Xylella fastidiosa subspecies pauca strain De Donno (Xf-DD) biofilm. This strain was isolated from the olive trees affected by the olive quick decline syndrome in southern Italy. Xf-DD was first exposed to non-lethal concentrations of NAC from 0.05 to 1000 µM. Cell surface adhesion was dramatically reduced at 500 µM NAC (-47%), hence, this concentration was selected for investigating the effects of pre-, post- and co-treatments on biofilm physiology and structural development, oxidative homeostasis, and biofilm detachment. Even though 500 µM NAC reduced bacterial attachment to surfaces, compared to the control samples, it promoted Xf-DD biofilm formation by increasing: (i) biofilm biomass by up to 78% in the co-treatment, (ii) matrix polysaccharides production by up to 72% in the pre-treatment, and (iii) reactive oxygen species levels by 3.5-fold in the co-treatment. Xf-DD biofilm detachment without and with NAC was also investigated. The NAC treatment did not increase biofilm detachment, compared to the control samples. All these findings suggested that, at 500 µM, NAC diversified the phenotypes in Xf-DD biofilm, promoting biofilm formation (hyper-biofilm-forming phenotype) and discouraging biofilm detachment (hyper-attachment phenotype), while increasing oxidative stress level in the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cattò
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.C.); (L.D.V.); (F.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Luca De Vincenti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.C.); (L.D.V.); (F.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesca Cappitelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.C.); (L.D.V.); (F.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Giusy D’Attoma
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy (M.S.)
| | - Maria Saponari
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy (M.S.)
| | - Federica Villa
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.C.); (L.D.V.); (F.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Fabio Forlani
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.C.); (L.D.V.); (F.C.); (F.F.)
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13
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Bleve G, Gallo A, Altomare C, Vurro M, Maiorano G, Cardinali A, D'Antuono I, Marchi G, Mita G. In vitro activity of antimicrobial compounds against Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of the olive quick decline syndrome in Apulia (Italy). FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 365:4780293. [PMID: 29390137 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) causes severe damages to the olive trees in Salento (Apulia, Italy) and poses a severe threat for the agriculture of Mediterranean countries. DNA-based typing methods have pointed out that OQDS is caused by a single outbreak strain of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca referred to as CoDiRO or ST53. Since no effective control measures are currently available, the objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activities of different classes of compounds against Salento-1 isolated by an OQDS affected plant and classified as ST53. A bioassay based on agar disk diffusion method revealed that 17 out of the 32 tested antibiotics did not affect bacterial growth at a dose of 5 μg disk-1. When we assayed micro-, ultra- and nano-filtered fractions of olive mill wastewaters, we found that the micro-filtered fraction resulted to be the most effective against the bacterium. Moreover, some phenolics (4-methylcathecol, cathecol, veratric acid, caffeic acid, oleuropein) were active in their pure form. Noteworthy, also some fungal extracts and fungal toxins showed inhibitory effects on bacterial growth. Some of these compounds can be further explored as potential candidate in future applications for curative/preventive treating OQDS-affected or at-risk olive plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Bleve
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonia Gallo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Claudio Altomare
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vurro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Maiorano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Angela Cardinali
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Isabella D'Antuono
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Guido Marchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, Università degli Studi, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mita
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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14
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Marsico G, Ciccone MS, Masi M, Freda F, Cristofaro M, Evidente A, Superchi S, Scafato P. Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity Against Buffelgrass ( Cenchrus ciliaris) of (±)-3-deoxyradicinin. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173193. [PMID: 31484319 PMCID: PMC6749313 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel synthetic strategy for obtainment of (±)-3-deoxyradicinin (2) is reported. This synthetic methodology is more efficient than those previously reported in the literature and also shows higher versatility towards the introduction of different side-chains at both C-7 and C-2. The obtained compound (±)-2 shows phytotoxicity against the grass-weed buffelgrass comparable to that of the natural phytotoxin radicinin (1). Therefore, (±)-2 can constitute a more practical synthetic alternative to 1 as bioherbicide for buffelgrass control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marsico
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Sabrina Ciccone
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Marco Masi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Cristofaro
- BBCA onlus, Via A. Signorelli 105, 00123 Rome, Italy
- ENEA C.R. Casaccia, SSPT-BIOAG-PROBIO, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Superchi
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Scafato
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
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15
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Assignment Through Chiroptical Methods of The Absolute Configuration of Fungal Dihydropyranpyran-4-5-Diones Phytotoxins, Potential Herbicides for Buffelgrass ( Cenchrus ciliaris) Biocontrol. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173022. [PMID: 31438466 PMCID: PMC6749493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radicinin and cochliotoxin (1 and 2) two phytotoxic pyranpyran-4,5-diones were isolated together with their close metabolites 3-epi-radicinin, radicinol, and its 3-epimer (3-5), from the culture filtrates of Cochliobolus australiensis, a fungus proposed as mycoherbcide for biocontrol of buffelgrass, a very noxious and dangerous weed. The absolute configuration of cochliotoxin was determined by chiroptical Optical Rotatory Dispersion (ORD), Electronic Circular Dichroism (ECD), and Vibrational Circular Dichroism (VCD)) and computational methods. The same methods were used to confirm that of radicinin, radicinol and their 3-epimers, previously determined with chemical, spectroscopic and ECD methods.
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16
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Phytotoxic Activity and Structure-Activity Relationships of Radicinin Derivatives against the Invasive Weed Buffelgrass ( Cenchrus ciliaris). Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152793. [PMID: 31370299 PMCID: PMC6696439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radicinin (1), is a fungal dihydropyranopyran-4,5-dione isolated together with some analogues, namely 3-epi-radicinin, radicinol, 3-epi-radicinol, and cochliotoxin (2–5), from the culture filtrates of the fungus Cochliobolus australiensis, a foliar pathogen of buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris), an invasive weed in North America. Among the different metabolites 1 showed target-specific activity against the host plant and no toxicity on zebrafish embryos, promoting its potential use to develop a natural bioherbicide formulation to manage buffelgrass. These data and the peculiar structural feature of 1 suggested to carry out a structure-activity relationship study, preparing some key hemisynthetic derivatives and to test their phytotoxicity. In particular, p-bromobenzoyl, 5-azidopentanoyl, stearoyl, mesyl and acetyl esters of radicinin were semisynthesized as well as the monoacetyl ester of 3-epi-radicinin, the diacetyl esters of radicinol and its 3 epimer, and two hexa-hydro derivatives of radicinin. The spectroscopic characterization and the activity by leaf puncture bioassay against buffelgrass of all the derivatives is reported. Most of the compounds showed phytotoxicity but none of them had comparable or higher activity than radicinin. Thus, the presence of an α,β unsaturated carbonyl group at C-4, as well as, the presence of a free secondary hydroxyl group at C-3 and the stereochemistry of the same carbon proved to be the essential feature for activity.
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17
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The Purification, Characterization, and Biological Activity of New Polyketides from Mangrove-Derived Endophytic Fungus Epicoccum nigrum SCNU-F0002. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17070414. [PMID: 31336899 PMCID: PMC6669579 DOI: 10.3390/md17070414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Six new polyketides, including one coumarin (1), two isocoumarins (2 and 3), dihydroradicinin (4), and two benzofuranone derivatives (7 and 8), together with seven known analogues (5–6 and 9–13) were isolated from the culture of the mangrove endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum SCNU-F0002. The structures were elucidated on the interpretation of spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of Compounds 2 and 3 were determined by comparison of their ECD spectra with the data of their analogue dihydroisocoumarins described in the literature. The absolute configuration of 4 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All the compounds were screened for their antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-phytopathogenic fungi and cytotoxic activities. Using a DPPH radical-scavenging assay, Compounds 10–13 showed potent antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 13.6, 12.1, 18.1, and 11.7 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, Compounds 6 and 7 showed antibacterial effects against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6538), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), with MIC values in the range of 25–50 μg/mL.
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18
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Girek M, Szymański P. Phyto‐Tacrine Hybrids as Promising Drugs to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Girek
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryDrug Analyses and RadiopharmacyMedical University of Lodz 90-151 Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1 Poland
| | - Paweł Szymański
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryDrug Analyses and RadiopharmacyMedical University of Lodz 90-151 Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1 Poland
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19
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Masi M, Freda F, Sangermano F, Calabrò V, Cimmino A, Cristofaro M, Meyer S, Evidente A. Radicinin, a Fungal Phytotoxin as a Target-Specific Bioherbicide for Invasive Buffelgrass ( Cenchrus ciliaris) Control. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061086. [PMID: 30893868 PMCID: PMC6470967 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal pathogens Cochliobolus australiensis and Pyricularia grisea have recently been isolated from diseased leaves of buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris) in its North American range, and their ability to produce phytotoxic metabolites that could potentially be used as natural herbicides against this invasive weed was investigated. Fourteen secondary metabolites obtained from in vitro cultures of these two pathogens were tested by leaf puncture assay on the host plant at different concentrations. Radicinin and (10S, 11S)-epi-pyriculol proved to be the most promising compounds. Thus, their phytotoxic activity was also evaluated on non-host indigenous plants. Radicinin demonstrated high target-specific toxicity on buffelgrass, low toxicity to native plants, and no teratogenic, sub-lethal, or lethal effects on zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) embryos. It is now under consideration for the development of a target-specific bioherbicide to be used against buffelgrass in natural systems where synthetic herbicides cause excessive damage to native plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | | | - Felicia Sangermano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Viola Calabrò
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Massimo Cristofaro
- BBCA onlus, Via A. Signorelli 105, 00123 Rome, Italy.
- ENEA C.R. Casaccia, SSPT-BIOAG-PROBIO, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
| | - Susan Meyer
- U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Shrub Sciences Laboratory, 735 North 500 East, Provo, UT 84606, USA.
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
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20
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Khiralla A, Spina R, Saliba S, Laurain-Mattar D. Diversity of natural products of the genera Curvularia and Bipolaris. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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21
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Baccari C, Antonova E, Lindow S. Biological Control of Pierce's Disease of Grape by an Endophytic Bacterium. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:248-256. [PMID: 30540526 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-18-0245-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Effective preventive measures and therapies are lacking for control of Pierce's disease of grape caused by the xylem-colonizing bacterium Xylella fastidiosa responsible for serious losses in grape production. In this study we explored the potential for endophytic bacteria to alter the disease process. While most endophytic bacteria found within grape did not grow or multiply when inoculated into mature grape vines, Paraburkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN achieved population sizes as large as 106 cells/g and moved 1 m or more within 4 weeks after inoculation into vines. While X. fastidiosa achieved large population sizes and moved extensively in grape when inoculated alone, few viable cells were recovered from plants in which it was co-inoculated with strain PsJN and the incidence of leaves exhibiting scorching symptoms typical of Pierce's disease was consistently greatly reduced from that in control plants. Suppression of disease symptoms occurred not only when strain PsJN was co-inoculated with the pathogen by puncturing stems in the same site in plants, but also when inoculated at the same time but at different sites in the plant. Large population sizes of strain PsJN could be established in both leaf lamina and petioles by topical application of cell suspensions in 0.2% of an organo-silicon surfactant conferring low surface tension, and such treatments were as effective as direct puncture inoculations of this biocontrol strain in reducing disease severity. While inoculation of strain PsJN into plants by either method at the same time as or even 4 weeks after that of the pathogen resulted in large reductions in disease severity, much less disease control was conferred by inoculation of PsJN 4 weeks prior to that of the pathogen. The expression of grapevine PR1 and ETR1 within 3 weeks of inoculation was substantially higher in plants inoculated with both X. fastidiosa and strain PsJN compared with that in plants inoculated only with the pathogen or strain PsJN, suggesting that this biological control agent reduces disease by priming expression of innate disease resistance pathways in plants that otherwise would have exhibited minimal responses to the pathogen. Strain PsJN thus appears highly efficacious for the control of Pierce's disease when used as an eradicant treatment that can be easily made even by spray application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Baccari
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720
| | - Elena Antonova
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720
| | - Steven Lindow
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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22
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Kyrkou I, Pusa T, Ellegaard-Jensen L, Sagot MF, Hansen LH. Pierce's Disease of Grapevines: A Review of Control Strategies and an Outline of an Epidemiological Model. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2141. [PMID: 30258423 PMCID: PMC6143690 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylella fastidiosa is a notorious plant pathogenic bacterium that represents a threat to crops worldwide. Its subspecies, Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa is the causal agent of Pierce's disease of grapevines. Pierce's disease has presented a serious challenge for the grapevine industry in the United States and turned into an epidemic in Southern California due to the invasion of the insect vector Homalodisca vitripennis. In an attempt to minimize the effects of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa in vineyards, various studies have been developing and testing strategies to prevent the occurrence of Pierce's disease, i.e., prophylactic strategies. Research has also been undertaken to investigate therapeutic strategies to cure vines infected by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa. This report explicitly reviews all the strategies published to date and specifies their current status. Furthermore, an epidemiological model of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa is proposed and key parameters for the spread of Pierce's disease deciphered in a sensitivity analysis of all model parameters. Based on these results, it is concluded that future studies should prioritize therapeutic strategies, while investments should only be made in prophylactic strategies that have demonstrated promising results in vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia Kyrkou
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Taneli Pusa
- INRIA Grenoble Rhône-Alpes, Montbonnot-Saint-Martin, France
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Computer, Automatic and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lea Ellegaard-Jensen
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Marie-France Sagot
- INRIA Grenoble Rhône-Alpes, Montbonnot-Saint-Martin, France
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lars Hestbjerg Hansen
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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Natural Scaffolds with Multi-Target Activity for the Potential Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092182. [PMID: 30158491 PMCID: PMC6225478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A few symptomatic drugs are currently available for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) therapy, but these molecules are only able to temporary improve the cognitive capacity of the patients if administered in the first stages of the pathology. Recently, important advances have been achieved about the knowledge of this complex condition, which is now considered a multi-factorial disease. Researchers are, thus, more oriented toward the preparation of molecules being able to contemporaneously act on different pathological features. To date, the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and of β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation as well as the antioxidant activity and the removal and/or redistribution of metal ions at the level of the nervous system are the most common investigated targets for the treatment of AD. Since many natural compounds show multiple biological properties, a series of secondary metabolites of plants or fungi with suitable structural characteristics have been selected and assayed in order to evaluate their potential role in the preparation of multi-target agents. Out of six compounds evaluated, 1 showed the best activity as an antioxidant (EC50 = 2.6 ± 0.2 μmol/µmol of DPPH) while compound 2 proved to be effective in the inhibition of AChE (IC50 = 6.86 ± 0.67 μM) and Aβ1–40 aggregation (IC50 = 74 ± 1 μM). Furthermore, compound 6 inhibited BChE (IC50 = 1.75 ± 0.59 μM) with a good selectivity toward AChE (IC50 = 86.0 ± 15.0 μM). Moreover, preliminary tests on metal chelation suggested a possible interaction between compounds 1, 3 and 4 and copper (II). Molecules with the best multi-target profiles will be used as starting hit compounds to appropriately address future studies of Structure-Activity Relationships (SARs).
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Bucci EM. Xylella fastidiosa , a new plant pathogen that threatens global farming: Ecology, molecular biology, search for remedies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:173-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rapicavoli J, Ingel B, Blanco‐Ulate B, Cantu D, Roper C. Xylella fastidiosa: an examination of a re-emerging plant pathogen. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:786-800. [PMID: 28742234 PMCID: PMC6637975 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Xylella fastidiosa is a Gram-negative bacterial plant pathogen with an extremely wide host range. This species has recently been resolved into subspecies that correlate with host specificity. This review focuses on the status of X. fastidiosa pathogenic associations in plant hosts in which the bacterium is either endemic or has been recently introduced. Plant diseases associated with X. fastidiosa have been documented for over a century, and much about what is known in the context of host-pathogen interactions is based on these hosts, such as grape and citrus, in which this pathogen has been well described. Recent attention has focused on newly emerging X. fastidiosa diseases, such as in olives. TAXONOMY Bacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; family Xanthomonadaceae; genus Xylella; species fastidiosa. MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Gram-negative rod (0.25-0.35 × 0.9-3.5 μm), non-flagellate, motile via Type IV pili-mediated twitching, fastidious. HOST RANGE Xylella fastidiosa has a broad host range that includes ornamental, ecological and agricultural plants belonging to over 300 different species in 63 different families. To date, X. fastidiosa has been found to be pathogenic in over 100 plant species. In addition, it can establish non-symptomatic associations with many plants as a commensal endophyte. Here, we list the four distinct subspecies of X. fastidiosa and some of the agriculturally relevant diseases caused by them: X. fastidiosa ssp. fastidiosa causes Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevine (Vitis vinifera); X. fastidiosa ssp. multiplex causes almond leaf scorch (ALS) and diseases on other nut and shade tree crops; X. fastidiosa ssp. pauca causes citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) (Citrus spp.), coffee leaf scorch and olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) (Olea europaea); X. fastidiosa ssp. sandyi causes oleander leaf scorch (OLS) (Nerium oleander). Significant host specificity seemingly exists for some of the subspecies, although this could be a result of technical biases based on the limited number of plants tested, whereas some subspecies are not as stringent in their host range and can infect several plant hosts. DISEASE SYMPTOMS Most X. fastidiosa-related diseases appear as marginal leaf necrosis and scorching of the leaves. In the case of PD, X. fastidiosa can also cause desiccation of berries (termed 'raisining'), irregular periderm development and abnormal abscission of petioles. In olive trees affected with OQDS, leaves exhibit marginal necrosis and defoliation, and overall tree decline occurs. Plants with ALS and OLS also exhibit the characteristic leaf scorch symptoms. Not all X. fastidiosa-related diseases exhibit the typical leaf scorch symptoms. These include CVC and Phony Peach disease, amongst others. In the case of CVC, symptoms include foliar wilt and interveinal chlorosis on the upper surfaces of the leaves (similar to zinc deficiency), which correspond to necrotic, gum-like regions on the undersides of the leaves. Additional symptoms of CVC include defoliation, dieback and hardening of fruits. Plants infected with Phony Peach disease exhibit a denser, more compact canopy (as a result of shortened internodes, darker green leaves and delayed leaf senescence), premature bloom and reduced fruit size. Some occlusions occur in the xylem vessels, but there are no foliar wilting, chlorosis or necrosis symptoms . USEFUL WEBSITES: http://www.piercesdisease.org/; https://pubmlst.org/xfastidiosa/; http://www.xylella.lncc.br/; https://nature.berkeley.edu/xylella/; https://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/plant_health_biosecurity/legislation/emergency_measures/xylella-fastidiosa_en.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Rapicavoli
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA
| | - Brian Ingel
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA
| | | | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA
| | - Caroline Roper
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA
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Abstract
Natural products are invaluable sources of structural diversity and complexity ideally suited for the development of therapeutic agents. The search for novel bioactive molecules has prompted scientists to explore various ecological niches. Microorganisms have been shown to constitute such an important source. Despite their biosynthetic potential, social amoebae, that is, microorganisms with both a uni- and multicellular lifestyle, are underexplored regarding their secreted secondary metabolome. In this review, we present the structural diversity of amoebal natural products and discuss their biological functions as well as their total syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Barnett
- Junior Research Group Chemistry of Microbial Communication, Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, HKI Jena, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Pierre Stallforth
- Junior Research Group Chemistry of Microbial Communication, Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, HKI Jena, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
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Hao L, Johnson K, Cursino L, Mowery P, Burr TJ. Characterization of the Xylella fastidiosa PD1311 gene mutant and its suppression of Pierce's disease on grapevines. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:684-694. [PMID: 27388152 PMCID: PMC6638296 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Xylella fastidiosa causes Pierce's disease (PD) on grapevines, leading to significant economic losses in grape and wine production. To further our understanding of X. fastidiosa virulence on grapevines, we examined the PD1311 gene, which encodes a putative acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) synthetase, and is highly conserved across Xylella species. It was determined that PD1311 is required for virulence, as the deletion mutant, ΔPD1311, was unable to cause disease on grapevines. The ΔPD1311 strain was impaired in behaviours known to be associated with PD development, including motility, aggregation and biofilm formation. ΔPD1311 also expressed enhanced sensitivity to H2 O2 and polymyxin B, and showed reduced survival in grapevine sap, when compared with wild-type X. fastidiosa Temecula 1 (TM1). Following inoculation, ΔPD1311 could not be detected in grape shoots, which may be related to its altered growth and sensitivity phenotypes. Inoculation with ΔPD1311 2 weeks prior to TM1 prevented the development of PD in a significant fraction of vines and eliminated detectable levels of TM1. In contrast, vines inoculated simultaneously with TM1 and ΔPD1311 developed disease at the same level as TM1 alone. In these vines, TM1 populations were distributed similarly to populations in TM1-only inoculated plants. These findings suggest that, through an indirect mechanism, pretreatment of vines with ΔPD1311 suppresses pathogen population and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Hao
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant–Microbe BiologyCornell University‐New York State Agricultural Experiment StationGenevaNY14456USA
| | - Kameka Johnson
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant–Microbe BiologyCornell University‐New York State Agricultural Experiment StationGenevaNY14456USA
| | - Luciana Cursino
- Department of BiologyHobart and William Smith CollegesGenevaNY14456USA
- Present address:
Division of Natural SciencesKeuka CollegeKeuka ParkNY14478USA
| | - Patricia Mowery
- Department of BiologyHobart and William Smith CollegesGenevaNY14456USA
| | - Thomas J. Burr
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant–Microbe BiologyCornell University‐New York State Agricultural Experiment StationGenevaNY14456USA
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Masi M, Meyer S, Clement S, Cimmino A, Cristofaro M, Evidente A. Cochliotoxin, a Dihydropyranopyran-4,5-dione, and Its Analogues Produced by Cochliobolus australiensis Display Phytotoxic Activity against Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1241-1247. [PMID: 28422495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare or Cenchrus ciliaris) is a perennial grass that has become highly invasive in the Sonoran Desert of southern Arizona. In the search for novel control strategies against this weed, strains of the foliar fungal pathogen Cochliobolus australiensis from buffelgrass have been screened for their ability to produce phytotoxic metabolites that could potentially be used as natural herbicides in an integrated pest management strategy. A new phytotoxin, named cochliotoxin, was isolated from liquid culture of this fungus together with radicinin, radicinol, and their 3-epimers. Cochliotoxin was characterized, essentially by spectroscopic methods, as 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-7-(3-methyloxiranyl)-2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3-b]pyran-4,5-dione. Its relative stereochemistry was assigned by 1H NMR techniques, while the absolute configuration (2S,3S) was determined applying the advanced Mosher's method by esterification of its hydroxy group at C-3. When bioassayed in a buffelgrass coleoptile elongation test and by leaf puncture bioassay against the host weed and two nontarget grasses, cochliotoxin showed strong phytotoxicity. In the same tests, radicinin and 3-epi-radicinin also showed phytotoxic activity, while radicinol and 3-epi-radicinol were largely inactive. All five compounds were more active in leaf puncture bioassays on buffelgrass than on the nontarget grass tanglehead (Heteropogon contortus), while the nontarget grass Arizona cottontop (Digitaria californica) was more sensitive to radicinin and 3-epi-radicinin. Cochliotoxin at low concentration was significantly more active on buffelgrass than on either native grass, but the difference was small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Masi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- BBCA Onlus , Via A. Signorelli 105, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Susan Meyer
- Shrub Sciences Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station , 735 North 500 East, Provo, Utah 84606, United States
| | - Suzette Clement
- Shrub Sciences Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station , 735 North 500 East, Provo, Utah 84606, United States
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimo Cristofaro
- BBCA Onlus , Via A. Signorelli 105, 00123 Rome, Italy
- ENEA C.R. Casaccia, SSPT-BIOAG-PROBIO , Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Andargie M, Congyi Z, Yun Y, Li J. Identification and evaluation of potential bio-control fungal endophytes against Ustilagonoidea virens on rice plants. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:120. [PMID: 28500426 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
False smut disease of rice is posing an increasing concern for production, not only because of the hiking epidemic occurrence in rice production, but also because of the challenging specific pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of five fungal endophytes to reduce negative effects of rice false smut fungus (Ustilagonoidea virens) on rice plants, in both the laboratory and greenhouse. Though all the fungal isolates showed the ability to inhibit the growth of U. virens with varying degrees, isolate E337 showed significant antagonistic activity against the pathogenic fungi. The isolate E337 was identified as Antennariella placitae by molecular and morphological data analysis including 18S rDNA sequence analysis. This isolate showed a significant in vitro inhibition of mycelial growth of U. virens by dual culture method and it was subsequently tested for its in vivo biocontrol potential on false smut disease on rice plants. Greenhouse experiments confirmed that applications of conidia of A. placitae protected rice plants by improving rice yield and by decreasing the severity of false smut disease on susceptible rice plants. This is the first report where A. placitae has been identified as a biocontrol organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mebeaselassie Andargie
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Zhu Congyi
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yun Yun
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jianxiong Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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Nguyen VH, Kikuchi H, Sasaki H, Iizumi K, Kubohara Y, Oshima Y. Production of novel bispyrone metabolites in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium giganteum induced by zinc(II) ion. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Azevedo JL, Araújo WL, Lacava PT. The diversity of citrus endophytic bacteria and their interactions with Xylella fastidiosa and host plants. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:476-491. [PMID: 27727362 PMCID: PMC5127157 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is the causal agent of citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) and has been associated with important losses in commercial orchards of all sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.)] cultivars. The development of this disease depends on the environmental conditions, including the endophytic microbial community associated with the host plant. Previous studies have shown that X. fastidiosa interacts with the endophytic community in xylem vessels as well as in the insect vector, resulting in a lower bacterial population and reduced CVC symptoms. The citrus endophytic bacterium Methylobacterium mesophilicum can trigger X. fastidiosa response in vitro, which results in reduced growth and induction of genes associated with energy production, stress, transport, and motility, indicating that X. fastidiosa has an adaptive response to M. mesophilicum. Although this response may result in reduced CVC symptoms, the colonization rate of the endophytic bacteria should be considered in studies that intend to use this endophyte to suppress CVC disease. Symbiotic control is a new strategy that uses symbiotic endophytes as biological control agents to antagonize or displace pathogens. Candidate endophytes for symbiotic control of CVC must occupy the xylem of host plants and attach to the precibarium of sharpshooter insects to access the pathogen. In the present review, we focus on interactions between endophytic bacteria from sweet orange plants and X. fastidiosa, especially those that may be candidates for control of CVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lúcio Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de
Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Welington Luiz Araújo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas,
Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Teixeira Lacava
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas
e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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