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Xie J, Wang K, Gao X, Wang A, Hu G, Yan T, Jia J. Chemical constituents from Trillium camschatcense. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:2543-2552. [PMID: 36924397 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2188211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Two undescribed polyacetylated 18-norspirostanol saponins, trilliumosides J (1) and 21-deoxyepitrillenoside C (2), a novel resveratrol aneuploid, 3a,3b-dimethoxyhopeachinol B (3) along with four known steroidal saponins (4-7), were isolated from the 70% EtOH extract of the roots and rhizomes of Trillium camschatcense. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical degradation. Compounds 1,3 and 4 had potential cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, with IC50 values 86.38 ± 2.59 μM, 56.20 ± 1.57 μM and 45.70 ± 0.63 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kunjun Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxu Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Anhua Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gaosheng Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingming Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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do Socorro Costa M, da Silva ARP, Santos Araújo J, Dos Santos ATL, Fonseca VJA, Gonçalves Alencar G, Moura TF, Gonçalves SA, Filho JMB, Morais-Braga MFB, Andrade-Pinheiro JC, Coutinho HDM. In vitro Evaluation of Fungal Susceptibility and Inhibition of Virulence by Diosgenin. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400444. [PMID: 38670923 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Fungal infections are a public health problem that mainly affects immunosuppressed people, Candida spp. have been responsible for most sources of contamination and invasive fungal infections described around the world. The need arises to find new therapeutic approaches to combat growing infections. Plants and natural products have been considered a valuable source for discovering new molecules with active ingredients. Diosgenin is a sapogenin found in the families of Leguminosae and Dioscoreaceae, it is obtained mainly from the dioscin saponin through the hydrolysis method, it is a phytochemical that has been highlighted in the treatment of various diseases, as well as in combating microbial resistance. The present study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of fungal strains to diosgenin, as well as verify the association with the reference drug and evaluate the inhibition of the virulence factor through morphological changes in the yeast state to the filamentous form of hyphae and pseudohyphae in strains of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei using the broth microdilution method and microculture technique. Antifungal assays revealed that diosgenin was not able to inhibit the growth of the tested strains. However, it was able to inhibit the fungal dimorphism of the strains evaluated, however further studies are recommended to verify its effectiveness against other virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria do Socorro Costa
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology- LMBM, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ana Raquel Pereira da Silva
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology- LMBM, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Juliana Santos Araújo
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology -, LAMAP, Federal University of Cariri, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriel Gonçalves Alencar
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology- LMBM, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Talysson Felismino Moura
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology- LMBM, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Sheila Alves Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology- LMBM, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Laboratory Technology Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Jacqueline Cosmo Andrade-Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology- LMBM, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology -, LAMAP, Federal University of Cariri, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil
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Singh Bisht S, Meena RK, Bhandari MS, Pal Singh P, Sharma U, Bisht A, Verma PK. Exploring Steroidal Saponin Composition and Morphometric Characteristics of Rhizomes from Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D. Don: Inference for Medicinal Properties and Genetic Stock Improvement. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400588. [PMID: 38651315 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Trillium govanianum, a medicinal herb, exhibiting diverse morphometric traits and phytochemicals across developmental stages of plants. The changes in the chemical profile and steroidal saponin levels in the rhizome of T. govanianum across different developmental stages were previously unknown. This study categorizes rhizomes into three types based on scar presence: juvenile (5-10 scars, Type I), young (11-19 scars, Type II), and mature (21-29 scars, Type III). Rhizomes show varying sizes (length 1.2-4.7 cm, girth 0.3-1.6 cm), weight (0.18-5.0 g), and extractive yields (9.7-16.1 % w w-1), with notable differences in saponin content (5.95-21.9 mg g-1). Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS)-based chemical profiling identifies 31 phytochemicals, mainly including diverse saponins. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (UHPLC-ELSD)-based quantitative analysis of seven key saponins reveals stage-specific accumulation patterns, with protodioscin (P) and dioscin (DS) predominant in mature rhizomes. Statistical analysis confirms significant variation (p=0.001) in saponin levels across developmental stages with chemical constituent protodioscin (P=4.03±0.03-15.76±0.14 mg g-1, PAve=9.79±3.03 mg g-1) and dioscin (DS=1.23±0.06-3.93±0.07 mg g-1, DSAve=2.59±0.70 mg g-1), with acceptable power (p=0.738; |δ|>0.5) statistics for effective sample size (n=27 samples used in the study) of T. govanianum. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Euclidean clustering further highlighted chemotype distinctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Singh Bisht
- Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division, ICFRE-Forest Research Institute, 248006, Dehradun, India
| | - Rajendra K Meena
- Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, ICFRE-Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - Maneesh S Bhandari
- Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, ICFRE-Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - Prithvi Pal Singh
- C-H Activation and Phytochemistry Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, 176061, Palampur, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- C-H Activation and Phytochemistry Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, 176061, Palampur, India
| | - Aman Bisht
- Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division, ICFRE-Forest Research Institute, 248006, Dehradun, India
| | - Praveen K Verma
- Botany Division, ICFRE-Forest Research Institute, 248006, Dehradun, India
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Kumar D, Kumari V, Kumar D. Organs-specific metabolomics and anticholinesterase activity suggests a trade-off between metabolites for therapeutic advantages of Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D. Don. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10675. [PMID: 38724667 PMCID: PMC11082168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Trillium govanianum is traditionally used to treat innumerable alignments like sexual disorders, cancer, inflammation etc. Mainly rhizomes of T. govanianum have been explored for phytochemical profiling but comprehensive metabolomics of other parts has not been yet deeply investigated. Thus, current study was aimed for organs-specific (roots, rhizomes, rhizomatous buds, stems, leaves, and fruits) phytochemical profiling of T. govanianum via metabolomics approach. Targeted (steroidal saponins and free sugars) and non-targeted metabolomics were performed by UPLC-PDA/ELSD & UHPLC-Q-TOF-IMS. Among steroidal compounds, 20-hydroxyecdysone, pennogenin-3-O-β-chacotrioside, dioscin were found predominantly in all samples while diosgenin was identified only in rhizomes. Further, four free sugars viz. 2-deoxyribose (116.24 ± 1.26 mg/g: leaves), fructose (454.76 ± 12.14 mg/g: rhizomes), glucose (243.21 ± 7.53 mg/g: fruits), and galactose (69.06 ± 2.14 mg/g: fruits) were found significant in respective parts of T. govanianum. Elemental analysis of targeted samples was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Pd, As) were absent while micro- (Mn, Na, Zn, Cu) and macro- (Ca, Fe, Mg, K) elements were found in all samples. Furthermore, UHPLC-Q-TOF-IMS had identified 103 metabolites based on their mass fragmentation patterns and 839 were tentatively predicted using METLIN database. The multivariate statistical analysis showed organs specific clustering and variance of metabolites. Apart from this, extracts were evaluated for in vitro anticholinesterase activity, and found potentials inhibitors with IC50 values 2.02 ± 0.15 to 27.65 ± 0.89 mg/mL and 3.58 ± 0.12 to 16.81 ± 2.48 mg/mL of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme, respectively. Thus, comprehensive metabolomics and anti-cholinesterase activity of different parts of T. govanianum would lay the foundation for improving medicinal importance and health benefits of T. govanianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, 176 061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Vandana Kumari
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, 176 061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, 176 061, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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Dembitsky VM. Naturally Occurring Norsteroids and Their Design and Pharmaceutical Application. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1021. [PMID: 38790983 PMCID: PMC11117879 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The main focus of this review is to introduce readers to the fascinating class of lipid molecules known as norsteroids, exploring their distribution across various biotopes and their biological activities. The review provides an in-depth analysis of various modified steroids, including A, B, C, and D-norsteroids, each characterized by distinct structural alterations. These modifications, which range from the removal of specific methyl groups to changes in the steroid core, result in unique molecular architectures that significantly impact their biological activity and therapeutic potential. The discussion on A, B, C, and D-norsteroids sheds light on their unique configurations and how these structural modifications influence their pharmacological properties. The review also presents examples from natural sources that produce a diverse array of steroids with distinct structures, including the aforementioned A, B, C, and D-nor variants. These compounds are sourced from marine organisms like sponges, soft corals, and starfish, as well as terrestrial entities such as plants, fungi, and bacteria. The exploration of these steroids encompasses their biosynthesis, ecological significance, and potential medical applications, highlighting a crucial area of interest in pharmacology and natural product chemistry. The review emphasizes the importance of researching these steroids for drug development, particularly in addressing diseases where conventional medications are inadequate or for conditions lacking sufficient therapeutic options. Examples of norsteroid synthesis are provided to illustrate the practical applications of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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Li Y, Yue X, Wang S, Li P, Zhang M, Song K, Huang X, Li Z. Protective Effect of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim Components Against Glutamate-Induced SH-SY5Y Cells Damage Through Regulating Apoptosis. Dose Response 2023; 21:15593258231169585. [PMID: 37283817 PMCID: PMC10240882 DOI: 10.1177/15593258231169585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Among the Tujia people, the root or rhizome of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim.in Bull.Acad (TTM) is considered a miraculous herb for headaches. Previous studies have shown ethyl acetate extract (TTM1) can protect SH-SY5Y cells against glutamate injury. Objective This study clarified TTM1's mechanism against glutamate-induced cell damage, focusing on the regulation of apoptosis. The compounds were separated, identified, and performed molecular docking with pro-apoptotic proteins. Materials and Methods SH-SY5Y cells were treated with glutamate (2 mM) for 12 hour, and the effect of TTM1 (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μg/mL) was evaluated with MTT and LDH release assays, taking EGb761(40 μg/mL) as a control. Cell apoptosis was detected with Hoechst 33258 and Annexin V-FITC and measurements of intracellular calcium and caspase-3. The major components were separated and identified by LCMS-IT-TOF and NMR, then the proapoptotic activity of TTM1 was confirmed by molecular docking method. Results TTM1 protected SH-SY5Y cells by resisting apoptosis, TTM1 (10 and 20 μg/mL) decreased apoptotic bodies and nuclear fragments, increased the proportion of normal cells to 68.38 ± 5.63% and 92.80 ± .88%, decreased VA cells to 4.30 ± .76% and 3.58 ± .45% and caspase-3 to .365 ± .034 and .344 ± .047 ng/mL.TTM1 (10 μg/mL) decreased intracellular free calcium to 2.77 ± .40. Polyphyllin VI and pennogenin 3-O-β-chacotrioside were identified in TTM1 at 15.04% and 2.84%, and had potential anti-apoptosis activities. Discussion and Conclusions Folk records of TTM for headache may be related to its anti-apoptosis of nerve cells. Identification and content determination of index components based on effective extract provides research paradigms for rare and endangered ethnic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Li
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingnan Yue
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Pengyue Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kuokui Song
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiulan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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Wang Z, Fu R, Zhu N, Wang J, Zhang X, Huang X, Li Z. Quality marker prediction in Trillium tschonoskii based on UHPLC-MS chemical characterisation and network pharmacology. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:76-91. [PMID: 36285766 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a folk herbal medicine, Trillium tschonoskii has been used for thousands of years. However, due to the complexity of the chemical constituents of this herb, few investigations have acquired a comprehensive understanding of its quality markers. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to characterise the chemical composition of T. tschonoskii and identify its potential quality markers. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic analytical method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was used to characterise the constituents of T. tschonoskii. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed to investigate the chemical differences between different tissues, as well as the relationship between chemical compositions and habitats. The potential quality markers were predicted via network pharmacology and molecular docking, then confirmed by cellular assays. RESULTS A total of 77 compounds were co-isolated and identified, and among them, 26 were discovered from the genus Trillium for the first time. Ten batches of roots/rhizomes were explicitly clustered into five groups according to the climate types of the habitats, and the clusters of the fruits and roots/rhizomes from the same plants were independent due to the significant difference in chemical composition. Diosgenin had a good docking affinity with the relevant targets within the IL-17 pathway and cytokine pathway and could significantly inhibit TNF-α expression in hypoxic brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). CONCLUSION This is the first study to establish the chemical composition profile of T. tschonoskii by UHPLC-MS systematically, and diosgenin was confirmed to be a potential quality marker of T. tschonoskii for the treatment of headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Rao Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Junqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiulan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Chauhan N, Porte S, Joshi V, Shah K. Plants' steroidal saponins - A review on its pharmacology properties and analytical techniques. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2311-8571.353503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Sun FJ, Li M, Gu L, Wang ML, Yang MH. Recent progress on anti-Candida natural products. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:561-579. [PMID: 34419257 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Candida is an intractable life-threatening pathogen. Candida infection is extremely difficult to eradicate, and thus is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. Morevover, the rapid spread of drug-resistant fungi has led to significant decreases in the therapeutic effects of clinical drugs. New anti-Candida agents are urgently needed to solve the complicated medical problem. Natural products with intricate structures have attracted great attention of researchers who make every endeavor to discover leading compounds for antifungal agents. Their novel mechanisms and diverse modes of action expand the variety of fungistatic agents and reduce the emergence of drug resistance. In recent decades, considerable effort has been devoted to finding unique antifungal agents from nature and revealing their unusual mechanisms, which results in important progress on the development of new antifungals, such as the novel cell wall inhibitors YW3548 and SCY-078 which are being tested in clinical trials. This review will present a brief summary on the landscape of anti-Candida natural products within the last decade. We will also discuss in-depth the research progress on diverse natural fungistatic agents along with their novel mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Juan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ming-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ming-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Lin X, Gajendran B, Varier KM, Liu W, Song J, Rao Q, Wang C, Qiu J, Ni W, Qin X, Wen M, Liu H, Li Y. Paris Saponin VII Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Erythroleukemia Cells by a Mitochondrial Membrane Signaling Pathway. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:498-507. [PMID: 32538736 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200615134039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Leukemia is considered a top-listed ailment, according to WHO, which contributes to the death of a major population of the world every year. Paris Saponin VII (PS), a saponin which was isolated from the roots of Trillium kamtschaticum, from our group, was reported to provide hemostatic, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. However, its molecular mechanism underlying the anti-proliferative effects remains unclear. Thus, this study hypothesized to assess that mechanism in PS treated HEL cells. METHODS The MTT assay was used to analyze the PS inhibited cell viability in the HEL cells. We further found that PS could induce S phase cell cycle arrest through flow cytometry as well as the western blot analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic molecules. RESULTS The MTT assay showed the IC50 concentration of PS as 0.667μM. The study revealed that PS treatment inhibits cell proliferation dose-dependently. It further caused mitochondrial membrane potential changes by PS treatment. Mechanistic protein expression revealed a dose-dependent upsurge for Bid and Bim molecules, while Bcl2 and PARP expression levels were significantly (P<0.05) down-regulated in PS treated HEL cells resulting in caspase -3 release and increased the Bim levels upon 24h of incubation. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that PS possesses an excellent anti-leukemic activity via the regulation of the mitochondrial pathway, leading to S phase cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis, suggesting it as a potential alternative chemotherapeutic agent for leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province- 550014, China
| | - Babu Gajendran
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province- 550014, China
| | - Krishnapriya M Varier
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu-600113, India
| | - Wuling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province- 550014, China
| | - Jingrui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province- 550014, China
| | - Qing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province- 550014, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province- 550014, China
| | - Jianfei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province- 550014, China
| | - Wei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - XuJie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Min Wen
- College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province- 550014, China
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Polyphyllosides A–F, six new spirostanol saponins from the stems and leaves of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yang YJ, Pang X, Wang B, Yang J, Chen XJ, Sun XG, Li Q, Zhang J, Guo BL, Ma BP. Steroidal saponins from Trillium tschonoskii rhizomes and their cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells. Steroids 2020; 156:108587. [PMID: 31982423 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A phytochemical study on the rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii led to the isolation of fourteen new steroidal saponins, trillitschosides S1-S14 (1-14), along with ten known analogues (15-24). Their structures were established mainly by spectroscopic analyses as well as necessary chemical evidence. All isolated compounds were screened for the cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells, and the results demonstrated that only the known compounds 21-24 exhibited the remarkable cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells which is much better than the positive control of 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Jun Yang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xu Pang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Chen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xin-Guang Sun
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qi Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bao-Lin Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bai-Ping Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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13
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Li D, Yan H, Wang J, Yu Q, Ni W, An LK, Qin XJ, Liu HY. Spirostanol and sesquiterpenoid glycosides from the rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii. Steroids 2020; 155:108569. [PMID: 31899263 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Three new spirostanol glycosides, trilliumosides K-M (1-3), one new sesquiterpenoid glycoside, tritschsesuquiside A (4), along with three known analogues (5-7) were obtained from the rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii. The structures of new glycosides were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses (HRMS and NMR) and chemical methods. Glycosides 5-7 displayed cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 10.5 ± 1.0 to 1.0 ± 0.2 μM, with 7 being the most cytotoxic compound with IC50 values of 1.0 ± 0.2, 2.2 ± 1.2, and 3.4 ± 0.4 μM against Huh7, CCRF-CEM, and HeLa cell lines, respectively. The flow cytometric results revealed that both 5 and 6 could induce apoptosis of HCT116 and Huh7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lin-Kun An
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
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Wen F, Chen T, Yin H, Lin J, Zhang H. In Vitro Effects on Thrombin of Paris Saponins and In Vivo Hemostatic Activity Evaluation of Paris fargesii var. brevipetala. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071420. [PMID: 30978910 PMCID: PMC6480468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The resource shortage of Rhizoma Paridis has never been effectively addressed, and the industry continues to search for alternative resources. The in vitro effects on thrombin of Paris saponins and in vivo hemostatic activity of Paris fargesii var. brevipetala (PF) were evaluated in this study. PF is considered to be an alternative source of Rhizoma Paridis (RP). The in vitro incubation experiment was designed to investigate the effects on thrombin activity of Paris saponin H (PS H) and saponin extract in PF. The bleeding time of mouse tail snipping was used to evaluate the in vivo hemostatic effects of Paris saponins. Also, in vivo changes in four blood coagulation parameters in rats after oral administration of different groups of Paris saponins were compared. The effects of Paris saponins on liver function and blood lipid parameters were examined in order to avoid drug-induced liver injury. Activity studies of thrombin after ultra-filtration centrifugation showed that Paris saponins were able to enhance thrombin activity. Ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis results of the substrates led us to speculate that there is a specific binding between Paris saponins and thrombin. PS H and Paris saponins in PF significantly shortened the bleeding time in mice. One pathway by which Paris saponins enhance in vivo blood coagulation is by increasing fibrinogen (FIB), among the four blood coagulation parameters in rats. At the same time, the effects on liver and blood lipid parameters were insignificant. P. fargesii var. brevipetala can be developed as an alternative medicinal source of Rhizoma Paridis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Wen
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Tiezhu Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Hongxiang Yin
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Juan Lin
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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15
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Qin XJ, Ni W, Chen CX, Liu HY. Seeing the light: Shifting from wild rhizomes to extraction of active ingredients from above-ground parts of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:134-139. [PMID: 29792919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as hemostatic, antitumor, and antimicrobial agents. More than 70 Chinese patent medicines are based on P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizomes. Steroidal saponins are considered as the main active ingredients of these rhizomes. However, wild populations of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis are greatly threatened due to the illegal wild harvest and over-utilization of the rhizomes. In contrast, the renewable above-ground parts (leaves and stems) of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis are usually thrown away as waste material, whether from wild or cultivated material. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to use HPLC analyses of chemical constituents and bioactive assays to assess whether the above-ground parts could be an alternative source of active ingredients to the rhizomes of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The saponin components of the rhizomes and above-ground parts of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were analyzed by HPLC-UV. The total saponins extracted from the rhizomes and above-ground parts of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were evaluated for their hemostatic, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities by using the rabbit blood in vitro based on turbidimetric method, MTT assay method, and a dilution antimicrobial susceptibility test method, respectively. RESULTS Four bioactive spirostanol saponins (paris saponins I, II, VI, and VII) were detected in the total saponins from the rhizomes and above-ground parts of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, which indicated they should have similar pharmacological properties. The bioactive assays revealed that both the parts of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis exhibited the same hemostatic, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial effects. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that based on saponin content in the above-ground parts of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and the requirements stipulated in 2015 of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the above-ground parts (especially its leaves) can be an alternative and more sustainable source of active ingredients compared to the rhizomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Qin XJ, Ni W, Chen CX, Liu HY. Untiring Researches for Alternative Resources of Rhizoma Paridis. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2018; 8:265-278. [PMID: 29974350 PMCID: PMC6102180 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-018-0179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoma Paridis (RP, ), a traditional Chinese medicine, is the rhizoma of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (PPY) or P. polyphylla var. chinensis which are widely used as important raw materials for several Chinese patent drugs. However, the wild resources of these herbs have become less and less due to their slow-growing characteristics and previously excessive excavation. This review covers untiring investigations on alternative resources of RP by our research group over the past decades, including non-medicinal parts of PPY as well as other plants of Liliaceae and Liliflorae families. The arial parts of PPY and the whole plants of Trillium kamtschaticum might be alternative resources for RP based on the fact that they shared the same or similar saponins and bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Lu TX, Shu T, Qin XJ, Ni W, Ji YH, Chen QR, Khan A, Zhao Q, Liu HY. Spirostanol saponins from Ypsilandra parviflora induce platelet aggregation. Steroids 2017; 123:55-60. [PMID: 28502857 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation on the whole plants of Ypsilandra parviflora led to the isolation of seven new spirostanol saponins, named ypsiparosides A-G, together with 14 known saponins. Their structures were unambiguously established based on extensive spectroscopic evidence and chemical methods. The induced rabbit platelet aggregation activities of the isolates were tested. Compounds 4, 15, and 17 showed maximal platelet aggregation rates ranging from 43 to 55% at a concentration of 300μg/mL. Further experiments exhibited that compounds 4, 15, and 17 possessed EC50 values of 642.9, 95.3, and 300.8μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Xiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; Qiannan Medical College for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, People's Republic of China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of TCM, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Heng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Run Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of TCM, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Qing Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of TCM, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Cytotoxic steroidal saponins from Trillium kamtschaticum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2267-2273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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