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Mazumder R, Ichudaule, Ghosh A, Deb S, Ghosh R. Significance of Chalcone Scaffolds in Medicinal Chemistry. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:22. [PMID: 38937401 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Chalcone is a simple naturally occurring α,β-unsaturated ketone with biological importance, which can also be easily synthesized in laboratories by reaction between two aromatic scaffolds. In plants, chalcones occur as polyphenolic compounds of different frameworks which are bioactive molecules that have been in traditional medicinal practice for many years. Chalcone-based lead molecules have been developed, possessing varied potentials such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-oxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperurecemic, and anti-ulcer effects. Chalcones contribute considerable fragments to give important heterocyclic molecules with therapeutic utilities targeting various diseases. These characteristic features have made chalcone a topic of interest among researchers and have attracted investigations into this widely applicable structure. This review highlights the extensive exploration carried out on the synthesis, biotransformations, chemical reactions, hybridization, and pharmacological potentials of chalcones, and aims to provide an extensive, thorough, and critical review of their importance, with emphasis on their properties, chemistry, and biomedical applications to boost future investigations into this potential scaffold in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishav Mazumder
- Laboratory of Developing Drug Candidates, Department of Pharmacy, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Agartala, Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Ichudaule
- Laboratory of Developing Drug Candidates, Department of Pharmacy, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Agartala, Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Ashmita Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Techno India University Tripura, Maheshkhola, Anandanagar, Agartala, Tripura, 799004, India
| | - Subrata Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL, 33169, USA.
| | - Rajat Ghosh
- Laboratory of Developing Drug Candidates, Department of Pharmacy, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Agartala, Tripura, 799022, India.
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Lin G, Yu Q, Xu L, Huang Z, Mai L, Jiang L, Su Z, Xie J, Li Y, Liu Y, Lin Z, Chen J. Berberrubine attenuates potassium oxonate- and hypoxanthine-induced hyperuricemia by regulating urate transporters and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174592. [PMID: 34699754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (PC) is a traditional medicinal material used to treat gout and hyperuricemia (HUA) in China. Berberine (BBR), the main component of PC, possesses anti-hyperuricemic and anti-gout effects. However, BBR exhibits low bioavailability due to its extensive metabolism and limited absorption. Thus, the metabolites of BBR are believed to be the potential active forms responsible for its in vivo biological activities. Berberrubine (BRB), one of the major metabolites of BBR, exhibits appreciable biological activities even superior to BBR. In this work, the anti-hyperuricemic efficacy of BRB was investigated in HUA model mice induced by co-administration with intraperitoneal potassium oxonate (PO) and oral hypoxanthine (HX) for 7 days. Results showed that administration with BRB (6.25, 12.5, and 25.0 mg/kg) significantly decreased the serum levels of uric acid (UA) by 49.70%, 75.35%, and 75.96% respectively, when compared to the HUA group. In addition, BRB sharply decreased the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (by 19.62%, 28.98%, and 38.72%, respectively) and serum creatinine (CRE) (by 16.19%, 25.07%, and 52.08%, respectively) and reversed the PO/HX-induced renal histopathological damage dose-dependently. Additionally, BRB lowered the hepatic XOD activity, downregulated the expressions of glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) and urate transporter 1 (URAT1), upregulated expressions of organic anion transporter 1/3 (OAT1/3) and ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) at both protein and mRNA levels, and suppressed the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition, BRB significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). In conclusion, our study indicated that BRB exerted anti-hyperuricemic effect, at least in part, via regulating the urate transporter expressions and suppressing the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. BRB was believed to be promising for further development into a potential therapeutic agent for HUA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshu Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxia Yu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510120, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lieqiang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liting Mai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Linyun Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510120, Guangzhou, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510120, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, 510120, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yucui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiu Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Jiannan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
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Natural Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor 5- O-Caffeoylshikimic Acid Ameliorates Kidney Injury Caused by Hyperuricemia in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237307. [PMID: 34885887 PMCID: PMC8659034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibition has long been considered an effective anti-hyperuricemia strategy. To identify effective natural XOD inhibitors with little side effects, we performed a XOD inhibitory assay-coupled isolation of compounds from Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma (SGR), a traditional Chinese medicine frequently prescribed as anti-hyperuricemia agent for centuries. Through the in vitro XOD inhibitory assay, we obtained a novel XOD inhibitor, 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid (#1, 5OCSA) with IC50 of 13.96 μM, as well as two known XOD inhibitors, quercetin (#3) and astilbin (#6). Meanwhile, we performed in silico molecular docking and found 5OCSA could interact with the active sites of XOD (PDB ID: 3NVY) with a binding energy of −8.6 kcal/mol, suggesting 5OCSA inhibits XOD by binding with its active site. To evaluate the in vivo effects on XOD, we generated a hyperuricemia mice model by intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxonate (300 mg/kg) and oral gavage of hypoxanthine (500 mg/kg) for 7 days. 5OCSA could inhibit both hepatic and serum XOD in vivo, together with an improvement of histological and multiple serological parameters in kidney injury and HUA. Collectively, our results suggested that 5OCSA may be developed into a safe and effective XOD inhibitor based on in vitro, in silico and in vivo evidence.
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MicroRNAs Involved in the Therapeutic Functions of Noni ( Morinda citrifolia L.) Fruit Juice in the Treatment of Acute Gouty Arthritis in Mice Induced with Monosodium Urate. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071638. [PMID: 34359507 PMCID: PMC8308103 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the functions of microRNAs in the therapeutic effects of noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) fruit juice on mouse models of acute gouty arthritis induced with monosodium urate (MSU). Compared with the model group (treated with MSU), mice in both the positive control group (treated with both MSU and colchicine) and noni fruit juice group (treated with MSU and noni fruit juice) showed a significantly decreased degree of paw swelling in 5 days, as well as the contents of two types of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., NALP3 and TNF-α). Based on the next-generation sequencing technology, a total of 3896 microRNAs (234 known and 3662 novel) were identified in mice treated with noni fruit juice. A large amount of differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the noni fruit juice group, suggesting the significant effects of noni fruit juice on the mice with acute gouty arthritis, while the different patterns of change in the numbers of both upregulated and downregulated miRNAs in both noni fruit juice and positive control groups indicated that the mice of acute gouty arthritis may be regulated by differential mechanisms between the treatments of noni fruit juice and colchicine. The target genes of microRNAs involved in the pathogenesis and pathology of acute gouty arthritis in mice were identified and further annotated by both Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Our results revealed the therapeutic effects of noni fruit juice on acute gouty arthritis in mice with a group of microRNAs involved in the pharmacological mechanisms of noni fruit juice, providing scientific evidence to support both the agricultural cultivation and pharmacological significance of noni plants.
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Orhan IE, Deniz FSS. Natural Products and Extracts as Xantine Oxidase Inhibitors - A Hope for Gout Disease? Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:143-158. [PMID: 32723252 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200728144605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2) (XO) is one of the main enzymatic sources that create reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the living system. It is a dehydrogenase enzyme that performs electron transfer to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), while oxidizing hypoxanthin, which is an intermediate compound in purine catabolism, first to xanthine and then to uric acid. XO turns into an oxidant enzyme that oxidizes thiol groups under certain stress conditions in the tissue. The last metabolic step, in which hypoxanthin turns into uric acid, is catalyzed by XO. Uric acid, considered a waste product, can cause kidney stones and gouty-type arthritis as it is crystallized, when present in high concentrations. Thus, XO inhibitors are one of the drug classes used against gout, a purine metabolism disease that causes urate crystal storage in the joint and its surroundings caused by hyperuricemia. Urate-lowering therapy includes XO inhibitors that reduce uric acid production as well as uricosuric drugs that increase urea excretion. Current drugs that obstruct uric acid synthesis through XO inhibition are allopurinol, febuxostat, and uricase. However, since the side effects, safety and tolerability problems of some current gout medications still exist, intensive research is ongoing to look for new, effective, and safer XO inhibitors of natural or synthetic origins for the treatment of the disease. In the present review, we aimed to assess in detail XO inhibitory capacities of pure natural compounds along with the extracts from plants and other natural sources via screening Pubmed, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Google Academic. The data pointed out to the fact that natural products, particularly phenolics such as flavonoids (quercetin, apigenin, and scutellarein), tannins (agrimoniin and ellagitannin), chalcones (melanoxethin), triterpenes (ginsenoside Rd and ursolic acid), stilbenes (resveratrol and piceatannol), alkaloids (berberin and palmatin) have a great potential for new XO inhibitors capable of use against gout disease. In addition, not only plants but other biological sources such as microfungi, macrofungi, lichens, insects (silk worms, ants, etc) seem to be the promising sources of novel XO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay E Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma S S Deniz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
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Chen L, Luo Z, Wang M, Cheng J, Li F, Lu H, He Q, You Y, Zhou X, Kwan HY, Zhao X, Zhou L. The Efficacy and Mechanism of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Lowering Serum Uric Acid Levels: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:578318. [PMID: 33568990 PMCID: PMC7868570 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.578318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Chinese herbal medicines are widely used to lower serum uric acid levels. However, no systemic review summarizes and evaluates their efficacies and the underlying mechanisms of action. Objectives. To evaluate the clinical and experimental evidences for the effectiveness and the potential mechanism of Chinese herbal medicines in lowering serum uric acid levels. Methods. Four electronic databases PubMed, Wed of Science, the Cochrane Library and Embase were used to search for Chinese herbal medicines for their effects in lowering serum uric acid levels, dated from 1 January 2009 to 19 August 2020. For clinical trials, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included; and for experimental studies, original articles were included. The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed according to the Cochrane criteria. For clinical trials, a meta-analysis of continuous variables was used to obtain pooled effects. For experimental studies, lists were used to summarize and integrate the mechanisms involved. Results. A total of 10 clinical trials and 184 experimental studies were included. Current data showed that Chinese herbal medicines have promising clinical efficacies in patients with elevated serum uric acid levels (SMD: −1.65, 95% CI: −3.09 to −0.22; p = 0.024). There was no significant difference in serum uric acid levels between Chinese herbal medicine treatments and Western medicine treatments (SMD: −0.13, 95% CI: −0.99 to 0.74; p = 0.772). Experimental studies revealed that the mechanistic signaling pathways involved in the serum uric acid lowering effects include uric acid synthesis, uric acid transport, inflammation, renal fibrosis and oxidative stress. Conclusions. The clinical studies indicate that Chinese herbal medicines lower serum uric acid levels. Further studies with sophisticated research design can further demonstrate the efficacy and safety of these Chinese herbal medicines in lowering serum uric acid levels and reveal a comprehensive picture of the underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengmao Luo
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingru Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hanqi Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuxing He
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting You
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinghong Zhou
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Xie Y, Yao XC, Tan LH, Long HP, Xu PS, Li J, Tan GS. Trichocladabiflavone A, a chalcone-flavonone type biflavonoid from Selaginella trichoclada Alsto. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:1797-1802. [PMID: 32924604 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1817920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A chalcone-flavonone type biflavonoid, trichocladabiflavone A (1), along with eight known biflavonoids (2-9) were isolated from the 70% EtOH extract of Selaginella trichoclada. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 was the first chalcone-flavonone type biflavonoid reported in the genus Selaginella. Moreover, compound 1 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against DU145, MCF-7 and PC3 human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Xiao-Chang Yao
- National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Lei-Hong Tan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, PR China
| | - Hong-Ping Long
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, PR China
| | - Ping-Sheng Xu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Gui-Shan Tan
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
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Liu L, Zhang L, Ren L, Xie Y. Advances in structures required of polyphenols for xanthine oxidase inhibition. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410205 China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Huaihua University Huaihua 418000 China
| | - Licheng Ren
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410205 China
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yixi Xie
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410205 China
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
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Liu J, Li X, Cai R, Ren Z, Zhang A, Deng F, Chen D. Simultaneous Study of Anti-Ferroptosis and Antioxidant Mechanisms of Butein and ( S)-Butin. Molecules 2020; 25:E674. [PMID: 32033283 PMCID: PMC7036861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism of anti-ferroptosis and examine structural optimization in natural phenolics, cellular and chemical assays were performed with 2'-hydroxy chalcone butein and dihydroflavone (S)-butin. C11-BODIPY staining and flow cytometric assays suggest that butein more effectively inhibits ferroptosis in erastin-treated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells than (S)-butin. Butein also exhibited higher antioxidant percentages than (S)-butin in five antioxidant assays: linoleic acid emulsion assay, Fe3+-reducing antioxidant power assay, Cu2+-reducing antioxidant power assay, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide radical (PTIO•)-trapping assay, and α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•)-trapping assay. Their reaction products with DPPH• were further analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). Butein and (S)-butin produced a butein 5,5-dimer (m/z 542, 271, 253, 225, 135, and 91) and a (S)-butin 5',5'-dimer (m/z 542, 389, 269, 253, and 151), respectively. Interestingly, butein forms a cross dimer with (S)-butin (m/z 542, 523, 433, 419, 415, 406, and 375). Therefore, we conclude that butein and (S)-butin exert anti-ferroptotic action via an antioxidant pathway (especially the hydrogen atom transfer pathway). Following this pathway, butein and (S)-butin yield both self-dimers and cross dimers. Butein displays superior antioxidant or anti-ferroptosis action to (S)-butin. This can be attributed the decrease in π-π conjugation in butein due to saturation of its α,β-double bond and loss of its 2'-hydroxy group upon biocatalytical isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xican Li
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuan East Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.C.); (Z.R.); (A.Z.); (F.D.)
| | - Rongxin Cai
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuan East Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.C.); (Z.R.); (A.Z.); (F.D.)
| | - Ziwei Ren
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuan East Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.C.); (Z.R.); (A.Z.); (F.D.)
| | - Aizhen Zhang
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuan East Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.C.); (Z.R.); (A.Z.); (F.D.)
| | - Fangdan Deng
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Waihuan East Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.C.); (Z.R.); (A.Z.); (F.D.)
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Structural characterization, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective activities of flavonoids from the bulbs of Heleocharis dulcis. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103630. [PMID: 32036163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chinese water chestnut, the bulb of Heleocharis dulcis, has been widely consumed as fruit or vegetable in China since ancient times. It exhibits health-promoting properties that leads to an extensive study of their active components. Successive chromatography of active fragments of H. dulcis resulted in isolation of five new chalcone-flavonone heterodimers (1-3, 6, 9), four new diverse flavonoids (4, 5, 7, 8), and sixteen known flavonoids derivatives (10-25) were elucidated on the basis of their IR, UV, NMR, MS spectrometry data analysis and references from H. dulcis for the first time. Among these isolates, compounds 4, 7, 9, 12, 13, and 17 showed moderate neuroprotective activity, which increased the cell survival rate from 49.23 ± 3.68% for the model to 67.75 ± 2.75%, 57.83 ± 2.46%, 67.98 ± 2.74%, 58.65 ± 3.43%, 56.14 ± 1.99%, and 56.70 ± 1.38% at 10 μM, respectively. Moreover, compounds 1-3, 15, 16, 18, and 20 were found to moderately improve the HepG2 cell survival rates from 39.53% (APAP, 10 mM) to 45.53-53.44%. The outcome of the study provided crucial information regarding the structural diversity and health benefits of the edible bulbs of H. dulcis.
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