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Zhao J, Wei F, Liu H, Qin R, Yang X. Two aromatic acid derivatives and a xanthone from Hypericum hengshanense. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1537-1544. [PMID: 36519675 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2156999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Three previously undescribed compounds including two aromatic acid derivatives (1-2), and one xanthone (3), together with ten known compounds (4-13) were isolated from the aerial part of Hypericum hengshanense. The planar structures of three new compounds were established by 1 D and 2 D NMR and MS data. And the absolute configurations of compounds 1-2 were determined by the quantum chemical ECD calculations. Compounds 1-2 showed weak cytotoxicity against Hep-2 human cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 65.1 ± 2.7 and 78.0 ± 1.0 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Qin
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
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2
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Selvakesavan RK, Nuc M, Kolarčik V, Krajewski P, Franklin G. Single molecule real-time sequencing data sets of Hypericum perforatum L. plantlets and cell suspension cultures. Sci Data 2024; 11:42. [PMID: 38184679 PMCID: PMC10771467 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02878-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypericum is a large genus that includes more than 500 species of pharmacological, ecological and conservation value. Although latest advances in sequencing technologies were extremely exploited for generating and assembling genomes of many living organisms, annotated whole genome sequence data is not publicly available for any of the Hypericum species so far. Bioavailability of secondary metabolites varies for different tissues and the data derived from different cultures will be a valuable tool for comparative studies. Here, we report the single molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT) data sets of Hypericum perforatum L. plantlets and cell suspension cultures for the first time. Sequencing data from cell suspension cultures yielded more than 33,000 high-quality transcripts from 20 Gb of raw data, while more than 55,000 high-quality transcripts were obtained from 35 Gb of raw data from plantlets. This dataset is a valuable tool for comparative transcriptomic analysis and will help to understand the unknown biosynthetic pathways of high medicinal value in the Hypericum genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran K Selvakesavan
- Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Biotechnology, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, 641004, India
| | - Maria Nuc
- Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Vladislav Kolarčik
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, SK-041 54, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Paweł Krajewski
- Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Gregory Franklin
- Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland.
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3
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Lim DJ, Song JS, Lee BH, Son YK, Kim Y. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Major Bioactive Components of Juniperus chinensis L. Using LC-QTOF-MS and LC-MSMS and Investigation of Antibacterial Activity against Pathogenic Bacteria. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093937. [PMID: 37175347 PMCID: PMC10180426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants in the genus Juniperus have been reported to produce a variety of chemical components, such as coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, sterols, and terpenoids. Here, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) were applied to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the major bioactive components in an ethanolic crude extract from the leaves of Juniperus chinensis L., which grows naturally in Korea. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the crude extract against pathogenic bacteria was investigated. Using LC-QTOF-MS analysis, we identified ten compounds, of which six were confirmed to be flavonoid and lignan-based components as the major bioactive components, i.e., isoquercetin, quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside, hinokiflavone, amentoflavone, podocarpusflavone A, and matairesinoside. Among them, a quantitative analysis performed using LC-MS/MS revealed that the levels of quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside and amentoflavone in the crude extract were 203.78 and 69.84 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the crude extract exhibited potential antibacterial activity against 10 pathogenic bacteria, with the highest antibacterial activity detected against Bordetella pertussis. Thus, further studies of the leaf extract of J. chinensis L. must be carried out to correlate the compounds present in the extract with the antibacterial activity and elucidate the mechanisms of action of this extract against bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Jung Lim
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup-si 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sup Song
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup-si 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Hee Lee
- Biological Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Kyoung Son
- Biological Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangseon Kim
- Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup-si 56212, Republic of Korea
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4
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Zhang S, Wang Y, Cui Z, Li Q, Kong L, Luo J. Functional characterization of a Flavonol 3-O-rhamnosyltransferase and two UDP-rhamnose synthases from Hypericum monogynum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107643. [PMID: 36989989 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnosyltransferase (RT) and rhamnose synthase (Rhs) are the key enzymes that are responsible for the biosynthesis of rhamnosides and UDP-l-rhamnose (UDP-Rha) in plants, respectively. How to discover such enzymes efficiently for use is still a problem to be solved. Here, we identified HmF3RT, HmRhs1, and HmRhs2 from Hypericum monogynum, which is abundant in flavonol rhamnosides, with the help of a full-length and high throughput transcriptome sequencing platform. HmF3RT could regiospecifically transfer the rhamnose moiety of UDP-Rha onto the 3-OH position of flavonols and has weakly catalytic for UDP-xylose (UDP-Xyl) and UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc). HmF3RT showed well quercetin substrate affinity and high catalytic efficiency with Km of 5.14 μM and kcat/Km of 2.21 × 105 S-1 M-1, respectively. Docking, dynamic simulation, and mutagenesis studies revealed that V129, D372, and N373 are critical residues for the activity and sugar donor recognition of HmF3RT, mutant V129A, and V129T greatly enhance the conversion rate of catalytic flavonol glucosides. HmRhs1 and HmRhs2 convert UDP-Glc to UDP-Rha, which could be further used by HmF3RT. The HmF3RT and HmRhs1 co-expressed strain RTS1 could produce quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (quercitrin), kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside (afzelin), and myricetin 3-O-rhamnoside (myricitrin) at yields of 85.1, 110.7, and 77.6 mg L-1, respectively. It would provide a valuable reference for establishing a better and more efficient biocatalyst for preparing bioactive flavonol rhamnosides by identifying HmF3RT and HmRhs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Seyis F, Yurteri E, Özcan A, Cirak C, Yayla F. Volatile secondary metabolites of Hypericum tetrapterum and Hypericum bithynicum. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Grafakou ME, Barda C, Karikas GA, Skaltsa H. Hypericum Essential Oils—Composition and Bioactivities: An Update (2012–2022). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165246. [PMID: 36014484 PMCID: PMC9413127 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypericum genus, considered to comprise over 500 species that exhibit cosmopolitan distribution, has attracted human interest since ancient times. The present review aims to provide and summarize the recent literature (2012–2022) on the essential oils of the title genus. Research articles were collected from various scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Reaxys, and Google Scholar. Scientific reports related to the chemical composition, as well as the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities, are presented, also including a brief outlook of the potential relationship between traditional uses and Hypericum essential oils bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Eleni Grafakou
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Beethovenstraße 8, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Barda
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - George Albert Karikas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (G.A.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (G.A.K.); (H.S.)
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Abstract
The Hypericum genus contains one of the few genera of flowering plants that contains a species with authorization for marketing as a traditional medicine, H. perforatum. Due to the fact that this is a large genus, comprising numerous species, a large amount of interest has been shown over the years in the study of its various pharmacological activities. The chemical composition of these species is quite similar, containing compounds belonging to the class of phloroglucinol derivatives, naphthodianthrones, phenols, flavonoids and essential oils. Taking all of this into consideration, the present study aims to offer an overview of the species of the genus from the point of view of their extraction techniques and analysis methods. An extensive study on the scientific literature was performed, and it revealed a wide range of solvents and extraction methods, among which ethanol and methanol, together with maceration and ultrasonication, are the most frequent. Regarding analysis methods, separation and spectral techniques are the most employed. Therefore, the present study provides necessary data for future studies on the species of the genus, offering a complete overview and a possible basis for their development.
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Abraham EJ, Kellogg JJ. Chemometric-Guided Approaches for Profiling and Authenticating Botanical Materials. Front Nutr 2021; 8:780228. [PMID: 34901127 PMCID: PMC8663772 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.780228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Botanical supplements with broad traditional and medicinal uses represent an area of growing importance for American health management; 25% of U.S. adults use dietary supplements daily and collectively spent over $9. 5 billion in 2019 in herbal and botanical supplements alone. To understand how natural products benefit human health and determine potential safety concerns, careful in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies are required. However, botanicals are innately complex systems, with complicated compositions that defy many standard analytical approaches and fluctuate based upon a plethora of factors, including genetics, growth conditions, and harvesting/processing procedures. Robust studies rely upon accurate identification of the plant material, and botanicals' increasing economic and health importance demand reproducible sourcing, as well as assessment of contamination or adulteration. These quality control needs for botanical products remain a significant problem plaguing researchers in academia as well as the supplement industry, thus posing a risk to consumers and possibly rendering clinical data irreproducible and/or irrelevant. Chemometric approaches that analyze the small molecule composition of materials provide a reliable and high-throughput avenue for botanical authentication. This review emphasizes the need for consistent material and provides insight into the roles of various modern chemometric analyses in evaluating and authenticating botanicals, focusing on advanced methodologies, including targeted and untargeted metabolite analysis, as well as the role of multivariate statistical modeling and machine learning in phytochemical characterization. Furthermore, we will discuss how chemometric approaches can be integrated with orthogonal techniques to provide a more robust approach to authentication, and provide directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn J Abraham
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University (PSU), University Park, PA, United States
| | - Joshua J Kellogg
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University (PSU), University Park, PA, United States.,Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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Bruňáková K, Bálintová M, Henzelyová J, Kolarčik V, Kimáková A, Petijová L, Čellárová E. Phytochemical profiling of several Hypericum species identified using genetic markers. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 187:112742. [PMID: 33965834 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we performed phytochemical profiling of several under-exploited Hypericum representatives taxonomically belonging to the sections Ascyreia, Androsaemum, Inodora, Hypericum, Coridium, Myriandra, and Adenosepalum. The authenticity of the starting plant material was confirmed using the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer as a molecular marker, DNA content and chromosome number. Phenolic constituents were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography to complement species-specific metabolic profiles. In several Hypericum representatives, the pharmacologically important compounds, including naphthodianthrones; phloroglucinol derivatives; chlorogenic acid; and some classes of flavonoids, particularly the flavonols rutin and hyperoside, flavanol catechin, and flavanones naringenin and naringin, were reported for the first time. Comparative multivariate analysis of chemometric data for seedlings cultured in vitro and acclimated to the outdoor conditions revealed a strong genetically predetermined interspecific variability in phenolic compound content. In addition to hypericins, which are the most abundant chemomarkers for the genus Hypericum, rarely employed phenolic metabolites, including phloroglucinol derivatives, chlorogenic acid, catechin, naringenin, naringin, and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, were shown to be useful for discriminating between closely related species. Given the increasing interest in natural products of the genus Hypericum, knowledge of the spectrum of phenolic compounds in shoot cultures is a prerequisite for future biotechnological applications. In addition, phytochemical profiling should be considered as an additional part of the integrated plant authentication system, which predominantly relies upon genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Bruňáková
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 04154, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Miroslava Bálintová
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 04154, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Henzelyová
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 04154, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Vladislav Kolarčik
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 04154, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Andrea Kimáková
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 04154, Košice, Slovakia; Present Address: Department of Epizootiology and Parasitology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 04181, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Linda Petijová
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 04154, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Eva Čellárová
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 04154, Košice, Slovakia.
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Pyrka I, Stefanaki A, Vlachonasios KE. DNA Barcoding of St. John's wort (Hypericum spp.) Growing Wild in North-Eastern Greece. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:528-537. [PMID: 33618378 DOI: 10.1055/a-1379-3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants of the genus Hypericum, commonly known as "St. John's wort" ("spathohorto" or "valsamo" in Greek), have been used since antiquity for their therapeutic properties. Wild-harvested Hypericum plants are still popular today in herbal medicines, commercially exploited due to their bioactive compounds, hypericin and hyperforin, which have antidepressant, antimicrobial and antiviral activity. Species identification of commercial products is therefore important and DNA barcoding, a molecular method that uses small sequences of organisms' genome as barcodes, can be useful in this direction. In this study, we collected plants of the genus Hypericum that grow wild in North-Eastern Greece and explored the efficiency of matK, and trnH-psbA regions as DNA barcodes for their identification. We focused on 5 taxa, namely H. aucheri, H. montbretii, H. olympicum, H. perforatum subsp. perforatum, and H. thasium, the latter a rare Balkan endemic species collected for the first time from mainland Greece. matK (using the genus-specific primers designed herein), trnH-psbA, and their combination were effectively used for the identification of the 5 Hypericum taxa and the discrimination of different H. perforatum subsp. perforatum populations. These barcodes were also able to discriminate Greek populations of H. perforatum, H. aucheri, H. montbretii, and H. olympicum from populations of the same species growing in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Pyrka
- Postgraduate Studies Program, Conservation of Biodiversity and Sustainable Exploitation of Native Plants (BNP), School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos E Vlachonasios
- Postgraduate Studies Program, Conservation of Biodiversity and Sustainable Exploitation of Native Plants (BNP), School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTh), Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
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Oreopoulou A, Choulitoudi E, Tsimogiannis D, Oreopoulou V. Six Common Herbs with Distinctive Bioactive, Antioxidant Components. A Review of Their Separation Techniques. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102920. [PMID: 34069026 PMCID: PMC8157015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosemary, oregano, pink savory, lemon balm, St. John’s wort, and saffron are common herbs wildly grown and easily cultivated in many countries. All of them are rich in antioxidant compounds that exhibit several biological and health activities. They are commercialized as spices, traditional medicines, or raw materials for the production of essential oils. The whole herbs or the residues of their current use are potential sources for the recovery of natural antioxidant extracts. Finding effective and feasible extraction and purification methods is a major challenge for the industrial production of natural antioxidant extracts. In this respect, the present paper is an extensive literature review of the solvents and extraction methods that have been tested on these herbs. Green solvents and novel extraction methods that can be easily scaled up for industrial application are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigoni Oreopoulou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.O.); (E.C.); (D.T.)
- Vioryl, Agricultural and Chemical Industry, Research S.A., 28th km National Road Athens-Lamia, 19014 Attiki, Greece
| | - Evanthia Choulitoudi
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.O.); (E.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Dimitrios Tsimogiannis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.O.); (E.C.); (D.T.)
- NFA (Natural Food Additives), Laboratory of Natural Extracts Development, 6 Dios st, 17778 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Oreopoulou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.O.); (E.C.); (D.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2107723166
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Metabolomic Variation Aligns with Two Geographically Distinct Subpopulations of Brachypodium Distachyon before and after Drought Stress. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030683. [PMID: 33808796 PMCID: PMC8003576 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) is a non-domesticated model grass that has been used to assess population level genomic variation. We have previously established a collection of 55 Brachypodium accessions that were sampled to reflect five different climatic regions of Turkey; designated 1a, 1c, 2, 3 and 4. Genomic and methylomic variation differentiated the collection into two subpopulations designated as coastal and central (respectively from regions 1a, 1c and the other from 2, 3 and 4) which were linked to environmental variables such as relative precipitation. Here, we assessed how far genomic variation would be reflected in the metabolomes and if this could be linked to an adaptive trait. Metabolites were extracted from eight-week-old seedlings from each accession and assessed using flow infusion high-resolution mass spectrometry (FIE-HRMS). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the derived metabolomes differentiated between samples from coastal and central subpopulations. The major sources of variation between seedling from the coastal and central subpopulations were identified. The central subpopulation was typified by significant increases in alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Coastal subpopulation exhibited elevated levels of the auxin, indolacetic acid and rhamnose. The metabolomes of the seedling were also determined following the imposition of drought stress for seven days. The central subpopulation exhibited a metabolomic shift in response to drought, but no significant changes were seen in the coastal one. The drought responses in the central subpopulation were typified by changes in amino acids, increasing the glutamine that could be functioning as a stress signal. There were also changes in sugars that were likely to be an osmotic counter to drought, and changes in bioenergetic metabolism. These data indicate that genomic variation in our Turkish Brachypodium collection is largely reflected as distinctive metabolomes (“metabolotypes”) through which drought tolerance might be mediated.
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Jenfaoui H, Uras ME, Bahri BA, Ozyigit II, Souissi T. Morphological variation, genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra populations from Tunisia. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1977180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Houda Jenfaoui
- Department of Plant Health and Environment, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Plant Health and Environment, Laboratory of Bioagressor and Integrated Management in Agriculture (LR14AGR02), National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mehmet Emin Uras
- Faculty of Arts & Science, Department of Biology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bochra Amina Bahri
- Department of Plant Health and Environment, Laboratory of Bioagressor and Integrated Management in Agriculture (LR14AGR02), National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia, USA; eFaculty of Science, Department of Biology, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Ibrahim Ilker Ozyigit
- Faculty of Arts & Science, Department of Biology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Thouraya Souissi
- Department of Plant Health and Environment, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Plant Health and Environment, Laboratory of Bioagressor and Integrated Management in Agriculture (LR14AGR02), National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
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Schepetkin IA, Özek G, Özek T, Kirpotina LN, Khlebnikov AI, Quinn MT. Chemical Composition and Immunomodulatory Activity of Hypericum perforatum Essential Oils. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060916. [PMID: 32560389 PMCID: PMC7357012 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypericum L. (Hypericaceae) extracts have been used for their therapeutic effects; however, not much is known about the immunomodulatory activity of essential oils extracted from this plant. We isolated essential oils from the flowers and leaves of H. perforatum and analyzed their chemical composition and innate immunomodulatory activity. Analysis of flower (HEOFl) versus leaf (HEOLv) essential oils using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed that HEOFl was comprised mainly of monoterpenes (52.8%), with an abundance of oxygenated monoterpenes, including cis-p-menth-3-en-1,2-diol (9.1%), α-terpineol (6.1%), terpinen-4-ol (7.4%), and limonen-4-ol (3.2%), whereas the sesquiterpenes were found in trace amounts. In contrast, HEOLv was primarily composed of sesquiterpenes (63.2%), including germacrene D (25.7%) and β-caryophyllene (9.5%). HEOLv also contained oxygenated monoterpenes, including terpinen-4-ol (2.6%), while monoterpene hydrocarbons were found in trace amounts. Both HEOFl and HEOLv inhibited neutrophil Ca2+ mobilization, chemotaxis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, with HEOLv being much more active than HEOFl. Furthermore, the pure sesquiterpenes germacrene D, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene also inhibited these neutrophil responses, suggesting that these compounds represented the active components of HEOLv. Although reverse pharmacophore mapping suggested that potential protein targets of germacrene D, β-caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene, and α-humulene could be PIM1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAK2), a kinase binding affinity assay did not support this finding, implying that other biological targets are involved. Our results provide a cellular and molecular basis to explain at least part of the beneficial immunotherapeutic properties of the H. perforatum essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A. Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (I.A.S.); (L.N.K.)
| | - Gulmira Özek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey; (G.Ö.); (T.Ö.)
| | - Temel Özek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey; (G.Ö.); (T.Ö.)
- Medicinal Plant, Drug and Scientific Research and Application Center (AUBIBAM), Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Liliya N. Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (I.A.S.); (L.N.K.)
| | - Andrei I. Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
- Scientific Research Institute of Biological Medicine, Altai State University, Barnaul 656049, Russia
| | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (I.A.S.); (L.N.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-406-994-4707; Fax: +1-406-994-4303
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