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Bonnet A, Bluy L, Gress L, Canario L, Ravon L, Sécula A, Billon Y, Liaubet L. Sex and fetal genome influence gene expression in pig endometrium at the end of gestation. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:303. [PMID: 38515025 PMCID: PMC10958934 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A fine balance of feto-maternal resource allocation is required to support pregnancy, which depends on interactions between maternal and fetal genetic potential, maternal nutrition and environment, endometrial and placental functions. In particular, some imprinted genes have a role in regulating maternal-fetal nutrient exchange, but few have been documented in the endometrium. The aim of this study is to describe the expression of 42 genes, with parental expression, in the endometrium comparing two extreme breeds: Large White (LW); Meishan (MS) with contrasting neonatal mortality and maturity at two days of gestation (D90-D110). We investigated their potential contribution to fetal maturation exploring genes-fetal phenotypes relationships. Last, we hypothesized that the fetal genome and sex influence their endometrial expression. For this purpose, pure and reciprocally crossbred fetuses were produced using LW and MS breeds. Thus, in the same uterus, endometrial samples were associated with its purebred or crossbred fetuses. RESULTS Among the 22 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 14 DEGs were differentially regulated between the two days of gestation. More gestational changes were described in LW (11 DEGs) than in MS (2 DEGs). Nine DEGs were differentially regulated between the two extreme breeds, highlighting differences in the regulation of endometrial angiogenesis, nutrient transport and energy metabolism. We identified DEGs that showed high correlations with indicators of fetal maturation, such as ponderal index at D90 and fetal blood fructose level and placental weight at D110. We pointed out for the first time the influence of fetal sex and genome on endometrial expression at D90, highlighting AMPD3, CITED1 and H19 genes. We demonstrated that fetal sex affects the expression of five imprinted genes in LW endometrium. Fetal genome influenced the expression of four genes in LW endometrium but not in MS endometrium. Interestingly, both fetal sex and fetal genome interact to influence endometrial gene expression. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence for some sexual dimorphism in the pregnant endometrium and for the contribution of the fetal genome to feto-maternal interactions at the end of gestation. They suggest that the paternal genome may contribute significantly to piglet survival, especially in crossbreeding production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Bonnet
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INPT, ENVT, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France.
| | - Lisa Bluy
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INPT, ENVT, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Laure Gress
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INPT, ENVT, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Laurianne Canario
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INPT, ENVT, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Laure Ravon
- GenESI, INRAE, Le Magneraud, 17700, Surgères, France
| | - Aurelie Sécula
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INPT, ENVT, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
- Present Address: IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Yvon Billon
- GenESI, INRAE, Le Magneraud, 17700, Surgères, France
| | - Laurence Liaubet
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INPT, ENVT, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
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Qu H, Khalil RA. Role of ADAM and ADAMTS Disintegrin and Metalloproteinases in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115266. [PMID: 36191626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Normal pregnancy (NP) involves intricate processes starting with egg fertilization, proceeding to embryo implantation, placentation and gestation, and culminating in parturition. These pregnancy-related processes require marked uteroplacental and vascular remodeling by proteolytic enzymes and metalloproteinases. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) and ADAM with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) are members of the zinc-dependent family of proteinases with highly conserved protein structure and sequence homology, which include a pro-domain, and a metalloproteinase, disintegrin and cysteine-rich domain. In NP, ADAMs and ADAMTS regulate sperm-egg fusion, embryo implantation, trophoblast invasion, placental angiogenesis and spiral arteries remodeling through their ectodomain proteolysis of cell surface cytokines, cadherins and growth factors as well as their adhesion with integrins and cell-cell junction proteins. Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious complication of pregnancy characterized by new-onset hypertension (HTN) in pregnancy (HTN-Preg) at or after 20 weeks of gestation, with or without proteinuria. Insufficient trophoblast invasion of the uterine wall, inadequate expansive remodeling of the spiral arteries, reduced uteroplacental perfusion pressure, and placental ischemia/hypoxia are major initiating events in the pathogenesis of PE. Placental ischemia/hypoxia increase the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lead to aberrant expression/activity of certain ADAMs and ADAMTS. In PE, abnormal expression/activity of specific ADAMs and ADAMTS that function as proteolytic sheddases could alter proangiogenic and growth factors, and promote the release of antiangiogenic factors and inflammatory cytokines into the placenta and maternal circulation leading to generalized inflammation, endothelial cell injury and HTN-Preg, renal injury and proteinuria, and further decreases in uteroplacental blood flow, exaggeration of placental ischemia, and consequently fetal growth restriction. Identifying the role of ADAMs and ADAMTS in NP and PE has led to a better understanding of the underlying molecular and vascular pathways, and advanced the potential for novel biomarkers for prediction and early detection, and new approaches for the management of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Qu
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Raouf A Khalil
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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Lumbanraja S, Yaznil MR, Siahaan AM, Berry Eka Parda B. Soluble FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1: Role in placenta accreta spectrum disorder. F1000Res 2022; 10:618. [PMID: 36127888 PMCID: PMC9478500 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.54719.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Placenta accreta is a pregnancy condition where the placenta's blood vessels attach too deeply to the uterine wall. Incidence of placenta accreta is increasingly seen today as the rate of cesarean section increases, however, the exact pathophysiology of this condition is still not fully understood. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sflt-1) as a protein produced by the placenta was found to be decreased in placenta accreta, Therefore we aim to see if sflt
sFlt-1 has a role in the development of placenta accreta. Methods: This study involved 40 samples from patients that had been diagnosed with placenta accreta spectrum disorder (case group), and 40 samples from patients with normal pregnancies (control group) at Rumah Skit Umum Pusat H.Adam Malik (RSUP) Haji Adam Malik Medan, in Indonesia. Diagnosis of placenta accreta syndrome was based on Placenta Accreta Spectrum Score (PAS), and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification of placenta accreta spectrum disorder.Analyses were performed by independent t-test, man
Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis analysis test, with a P-value <0.05 considered as statistically significant (95%CI). Results: Based on this study, we found that the sFlt-1 level in the case group was lower than the control group. Data analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was a difference in sFlt-1 levels in this study group (p = 0.02), which was further evaluated with post hoc analysis using Mann.
-Whitney U test. The results indicated that there were significant differences between the control and PAS 0, PAS1, and PAS 2 (p = 0.043; p = 0.002; p = 0.03). Conclusion: sFlt-1 levels decreased in placental invasive pregnancies compared to normal pregnancies, however, this still needs to be investigated further in a multi-center study, considering that sFlt-1 levels are also influenced by ethnicity and other conditions that cannot be excluded in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarma Lumbanraja
- Fetomaternal Division, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Sumatera Utara, 20136, Indonesia
| | - M Rizki Yaznil
- Fetomaternal Division, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Sumatera Utara, 20136, Indonesia
| | - Andre M Siahaan
- Neurosurgery Department, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Sumatera Utara, 20136, Indonesia
| | - Bancin Berry Eka Parda
- Resident in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Sumatera Utara, 20136, Indonesia
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Lawrence DJ, Bayer CL. Photoacoustic imaging provides an in vivo assessment of the preeclamptic placenta remodeling and function in response to therapy. Placenta 2022; 126:46-53. [PMID: 35764022 PMCID: PMC10236486 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a lack of effective therapeutic interventions for preeclampsia. A central factor in the etiology of the disease is the development of placental hypoxia due to abnormal vascular remodeling. However, methods to assess the impact of potential therapies on placental growth and remodeling are currently lacking. Here, we develop and validate ultrasound-guided photoacoustic imaging methods to monitor the placental response to therapeutic intervention. Establishing non-invasive tools to image placental function opens up previously unachievable understandings of placental therapeutic response. METHODS Studies were performed in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of preeclampsia. Preclinical research has identified tempol, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor sildenafil as potential therapeutics for preeclampsia, as both improve in vivo maternal outcomes. PA images of the placental environment were acquired in RUPP rats receiving tempol (n = 8) or sildenafil (n = 8) to assess the longitudinal effects of treatment on placental oxygenation and vascular remodeling. Imaging measurements were validated with ex vivo histological analysis. RESULTS Spectral photoacoustic imaging non-invasively measured placental hypoxia and impaired vascular growth two days after the RUPP procedure was implemented. Sildenafil significantly improved (p < 0.05) placental oxygenation and promoted vascular remodeling in RUPP animals, while RUPP animals treated with tempol had a diminished placental therapeutic response. DISCUSSION We demonstrate that photoacoustic imaging provides in vivo measures of placental oxygenation and vascular remodeling, a previously unobtainable assessment of preeclamptic therapeutic response. These imaging tools have tremendous potential to accelerate the search for effective therapies for preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Lawrence
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 500 Lindy Boggs Center, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Carolyn L Bayer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 500 Lindy Boggs Center, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
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Wewers TM, Schulz A, Nolte I, Pavenstädt H, Brand M, Di Marco GS. Circulating Soluble Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase in Renal Diseases Other than Preeclampsia. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1853-1863. [PMID: 34155060 PMCID: PMC8455271 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1/sVEGFR1) is a naturally occurring antagonist of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Despite being a secreted, soluble protein lacking cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains, sFlt-1 can act locally and be protective against excessive microenvironmental VEGF concentration or exert autocrine functions independently of VEGF. Circulating sFlt-1 may indiscriminately affect endothelial function and the microvasculature of distant target organs. The clinical significance of excess sFlt-1 in kidney disease was first shown in preeclampsia, a major renal complication of pregnancy. However, circulating sFlt-1 levels appear to be increased in various diseases with varying degrees of renal impairment. Relevant clinical associations between circulating sFlt-1 and severe outcomes (e.g., endothelial dysfunction, renal impairment, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality) have been observed in patients with CKD and after kidney transplantation. However, sFlt-1 appears to be protective against renal dysfunction-associated aggravation of atherosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, in this study, we provide an update on sFlt-1 in several kidney diseases other than preeclampsia, discuss clinical findings and experimental studies, and briefly consider its use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M. Wewers
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany,Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Schulz
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Marcus Brand
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Giovana S. Di Marco
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany,Correspondence: Giovana S. Di Marco, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A14, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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6
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Kang Q, Li W, Xiao J, Yu N, Fan L, Sha M, Ma S, Wu J, Chen S. Identification of potential crucial genes associated with early-onset preeclampsia via bioinformatic analysis. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021; 24:27-36. [PMID: 33640831 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early-onset preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication associated with high maternal and perinatal morbidity, mortality. Intense efforts have been made to elucidate the pathogenesis, but the molecular mechanism is still elusive. This study aimed to identify potential key genes related to early-onset preeclampsia, and to obtain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of this disease. METHODS We performed a multi-step integrative bioinformatics analysis of microarray dataset GSE74341 downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database including 7 early-onset preeclampsia and 5 gestational age matched normotensive controls. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the "limma" package, and their potential functions were predicted by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Furthermore, the protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was obtained from the STRING database and the PPI network was visualized by Cytoscape software. Then, hub modules and hub genes were screened out from the PPI network, and enrichment analysis was performed for them. Also, validation of hub genes expression in early-onset PE was down by using microarray dataset GSE44711. RESULTS A total of 628 DEGs (256 down- and 372 up-regulated) were identified in early-onset PE compared to controls. A total of 4 significant hub modules and 26 significant hub genes were identified. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the DEGs related to cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix interaction (ITGA5, SPP1, LUM, VCAN, APP), placenta metabolic or oxidative stress (CCR7, NT5E, CYBB) were predicted to be newly potential crucial genes that may play significant roles in the pathogenesis of early-onset PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Nan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Menghan Sha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Songyan Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Jianli Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Suhua Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
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Wang G, Huang Y, Hu T, Zhang B, Tang Z, Yao R, Huang Y, Fan X, Ni X. Contribution of placental 11β-HSD2 to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. FASEB J 2020; 34:15379-15399. [PMID: 32978833 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001003rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia, a major human pregnancy-specific disorder, leads to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Here we reported that 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2), an enzyme that degrades active glucocorticoids, is one of the key factors that contributes to preeclampsia development. In the pregnant rat model, we firstly confirmed that administration of 11β-HSD2 inhibitor carbenoxolone (CBX) subcutaneously or by placenta-targeted delivery system could lead to a decrease in placental 11β-HSD2 expression and activity and an increase in corticosterone level in placenta and maternal circulation. Then, we showed that subcutaneous administration and placenta-targeted delivery of CBX resulted in the hallmark of preeclampsia-like features including hypertension, proteinuria, renal damages as well as elevated circulatory soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) and increased sFlt1/placental growth factor (PlGF) ratio in pregnant rats. These animals displayed decreased trophoblast invasion in uterus, impaired spiral artery remodeling, and reduced placental blood flow. Preeclampsia-like features could also be induced by administration of dexamethasone in pregnant rats. In the cultured human trophoblast models, we found that cortisol only inhibited migration and invasion of the extravillous trophoblasts with 11β-HSD2 knockdown, and promoted sFlt1 release in the cultured syncytiotrophoblasts with 11β-HSD2 knockdown. Furthermore, we elucidated that cortisol stimulated a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM)17 expression in placentas, thereby promoting sFlt1 release in placenta. Collectively, our study provided the evidence that placental 11β-HSD2 dysfunction plays a key role in the development of preeclampsia and immediately identified innovative target to counteract preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Research Center for Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Research Center for Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianxiao Hu
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baozhen Zhang
- Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengshan Tang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Research Center for Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruojing Yao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Research Center for Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujun Fan
- Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Research Center for Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
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Suter MA, Aagaard KM. The impact of tobacco chemicals and nicotine on placental development. Prenat Diagn 2020; 40:1193-1200. [PMID: 32010988 PMCID: PMC7396310 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of messages warning about the dangers of tobacco use in pregnancy, 10% to 15% of pregnant women continue to smoke. Furthermore, an increased popularity of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) over the past decade in women of childbearing age raises parallel concerns regarding the effects of vaporized nicotine use in pregnancy. While research using animal models which mimic tobacco smoke and nicotine exposure in pregnancy have largely replicated findings in humans, few studies focus directly on the effects of these exposures on the placenta. Because the placenta is a fetal derived tissue, and nicotine and other components of tobacco smoke are either processed by or transported directly through the placenta, such studies help us understand the risks of these exposures on the developing fetus. In this review, we summarize research on the placenta and placental-derived cells examining either tobacco smoke or nicotine exposure, including both histologic and subcellular (ie, epigenetic and molecular) modifications. Collectively, these studies reveal that tobacco and nicotine exposure are accompanied by some common and several unique molecular and epigenomic placental modifications. Consideration of the nature and sequelae of these molecular mediators of risk may help to better inform the public and more effectively curtail modifiable behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Suter
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston, TX
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston, TX
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McElwain CJ, Tuboly E, McCarthy FP, McCarthy CM. Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction in Pre-eclampsia and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Windows Into Future Cardiometabolic Health? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:655. [PMID: 33042016 PMCID: PMC7516342 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental insufficiency and adipose tissue dysregulation are postulated to play key roles in the pathophysiology of both pre-eclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A dysfunctional release of deleterious signaling motifs can offset an increase in circulating oxidative stressors, pro-inflammatory factors and various cytokines. It has been previously postulated that endothelial dysfunction, instigated by signaling from endocrine organs such as the placenta and adipose tissue, may be a key mediator of the vasculopathy that is evident in both adverse obstetric complications. These signaling pathways also have significant effects on long term maternal cardiometabolic health outcomes, specifically cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and type II diabetes. Recent studies have noted that both PE and GDM are strongly associated with lower maternal flow-mediated dilation, however the exact pathways which link endothelial dysfunction to clinical outcomes in these complications remains in question. The current diagnostic regimen for both PE and GDM lacks specificity and consistency in relation to clinical guidelines. Furthermore, current therapeutic options rely largely on clinical symptom control such as antihypertensives and insulin therapy, rather than that of early intervention or prophylaxis. A better understanding of the pathogenic origin of these obstetric complications will allow for more targeted therapeutic interventions. In this review we will explore the complex signaling relationship between the placenta and adipose tissue in PE and GDM and investigate how these intricate pathways affect maternal endothelial function and, hence, play a role in acute pathophysiology and the development of future chronic maternal health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm J. McElwain
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Colm J. McElwain
| | - Eszter Tuboly
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergus P. McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cathal M. McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Hu TX, Si YL, Ruan Y, Wang XJ, Yao JQ, Wang HL, Xu Y, Ni X, Tan QY, Wang J. Reduced cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) expression is involved in high glucose induced MMP14 expression in adipocytes and adipose tissues. Endocr J 2019; 66:1029-1037. [PMID: 31366822 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigate the effect of reduced cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) expression in high glucose induced metalloproteinases14 (MMP14) expression in adipocytes and visceral adipose tissues. Diabetic mice were prepared by injections of STZ and the expression of CSE, MMP14 in visceral adipose tissues were determined. Adipocytes were differentiated from 3T3-L1 cells and treated with high glucose (HG), H2S slow-releasing compound GYY4137 or transfected with CSE siRNA. Then the expression of CSE, MMP14 were determined by western blotting. CSE knockout mice were generated by crossing CSE+/- heterozygous mice and given intraperitoneally (i.p.) injections of GYY4137, and then the expression of CSE and MMP14 in visceral adipose tissues were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. The following results were obtained from the study. In adipose tissues of diabetic mice, the mRNA and protein expression of MMP14 increased while the mRNA and protein expression of CSE decreased. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, both HG DMEM and CSE siRNA transfection increased the mRNA and protein of MMP14. The addition of GYY4137 inhibited HG-induced upregulation of MMP14 expression. In CSE knockout mice, the mRNA and protein expression of MMP14 in adipose tissues increased, which could be inhibited by i.p. injections of GYY4137. In conclusion, high glucose increased the expression of MMP14 in adipocytes and visceral adipose tissues through inhibiting the expression of CSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xiao Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA 903rd Hospital (Former Chinese PLA 117th Hospital), Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - You-Liang Si
- Divison of Health Services, Chinese PLA 903rd Hospital (Former Chinese PLA 117th Hospital), Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Yun Ruan
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA 903rd Hospital (Former Chinese PLA 117th Hospital), Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Xiu-Jing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA 903rd Hospital (Former Chinese PLA 117th Hospital), Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Jia-Qi Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA 903rd Hospital (Former Chinese PLA 117th Hospital), Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Hui-Ling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA 903rd Hospital (Former Chinese PLA 117th Hospital), Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA 903rd Hospital (Former Chinese PLA 117th Hospital), Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University (Former Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qing-Ying Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA 903rd Hospital (Former Chinese PLA 117th Hospital), Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA 903rd Hospital (Former Chinese PLA 117th Hospital), Hangzhou, 310013, China
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Eddy AC, Chapman H, George EM. Heparanase regulation of sFLT-1 release in trophoblasts in vitro. Placenta 2019; 85:63-68. [PMID: 31327483 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is a common pregnancy disorder which is characterized by new onset hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. Despite efforts to determine the causal factors of this disease, little progress has been made in discerning the etiology. The hypoxic and ischemic placenta, however, is generally accepted as the source for secreted factors in the maternal circulation, such as sFLT-1, which drive the maternal syndrome. METHODS Using BeWo placental trophoblast cells, we measured the role of hypoxia on sFLT-1 mRNA as well as protein production. We also exposed the cells to treatment with heparin and heparanase inhibitor OGT-2115. RESULTS We found that under hypoxic conditions mRNA levels of sFLT-1 were unchanged compared to normoxic controls. Although the message level did not differ under hypoxic conditions, the sFLT-1 release into the media was significantly greater in hypoxia. Additionally, we found that sFLT-1 is able to bind heparan strands in the extracellular matrix with its heparin binding site. These heparan strands can be cleaved by the extracellular enzyme heparanase. We found that heparanase expression was significantly increased in hypoxia, and inhibiting the actions of heparanase attenuated the release of sFLT-1 into the media. DISCUSSION While the placenta remains a source of sFLT-1, the mechanism of increased circulating sFLT-1 may differ than simple upregulation of the protein. These data demonstrate the potential importance of the role heparanase may play in releasing previously made sFLT-1 into the maternal circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Eddy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Heather Chapman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Eric M George
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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12
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Premkumar A, Dude AM, Haddad LB, Yee LM. Combined antiretroviral therapy for HIV and the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A systematic review. Pregnancy Hypertens 2019; 17:178-190. [PMID: 31487638 PMCID: PMC6733581 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess if there is a relationship between use of combined antiretroviral therapy among pregnant women living with HIV and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). DESIGN Due to the heterogeneity of study designs in the literature and the utilization of different outcome measures in regards to assessing the presence of HDP, a systematic review was performed. METHODS ClinicalTrials.gov and MEDLINE, via PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, EBSCOHost, DARE, and the Cochrane Library, were queried from January 1997 to October 2017. Studies were included if they reported HDP and focused on pregnant women living with HIV who used combined antiretroviral therapy. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessment of risk of bias and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force grading scale were used to assess the studies. RESULTS Of 1055 abstracts, 28 articles met inclusion criteria. The data are marked by multiple biases and poor study design. All studies demonstrate an increased risk of HDP among pregnant women living with HIV who used combined antiretroviral therapy when compared to seropositive pregnant women not using antiretroviral therapy. Three studies suggest protease inhibitors may be associated with a higher risk of HDP. CONCLUSION Despite all studies indicating a higher frequency of HDP among pregnant women living with HIV using combined antiretroviral therapy when compared with seropositive pregnant women not using antiretroviral therapy, the quality of the studies is mixed, necessitating further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Premkumar
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 250 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Annie M Dude
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 250 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lisa B Haddad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Dr SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Lynn M Yee
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 250 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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13
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Placental mitochondrial adaptations in preeclampsia associated with progression to term delivery. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1150. [PMID: 30455461 PMCID: PMC6242930 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a devastating pregnancy disorder. Severity varies widely, and while severe preeclampsia often requires pre-term delivery, women with mild preeclampsia may reach term with minor interventions. The mechanisms that mediate disease severity are poorly understood, but may include adaptive processes by the placenta. We aimed to establish whether in pregnancies that reached term and those that delivered pre-term, the placental response to preeclampsia was intrinsically different, and explore potential adaptive mechanisms. Hydrogen peroxide production and antioxidant activity were increased in term preeclamptic placentae, whereas pre-term preeclamptic placentae had reduced hydrogen peroxide production and reduced function of the antioxidant system superoxide dismutase compared to control placentae. Markers of mitochondrial fission/fusion, apoptosis and the expression level of mitochondrial complexes were differentially disrupted in term compared to pre-term preeclamptic placentae. Mitochondrial respiration and content were increased in term preeclamptic placentae, but mitochondria had a lower respiratory reserve capacity. Mitochondrial respiration and hydrogen peroxide production were increased in healthy term placentae after in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation. Placentae from preeclamptic pregnancies that reached term showed multiple adaptions that were not present in pre-term preeclamptic placentae. Increased antioxidant activity, and expression of markers of mitochondrial fusion and apoptotic suppression, may relate to salvaging damaged mitochondria. Increased mitochondrial respiration may allow ongoing tissue function even with reduced respiratory efficiency in term preeclamptic pregnancies. Response after in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation suggests that disruption of oxygen supply is key to placental mitochondrial adaptations. Reactive oxygen species signalling in term preeclamptic placentae may be at a level to trigger compensatory antioxidant and mitochondrial responses, allowing tissue level maintenance of function when there is organelle level dysfunction.
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14
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Gu Y, Thompson D, Xu J, Lewis DF, Morgan JA, Cooper DB, McCathran CE, Wang Y. Aberrant pro-atrial natriuretic peptide/corin/natriuretic peptide receptor signaling is present in maternal vascular endothelium in preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2017. [PMID: 29523263 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Corin is a serine protease that converts pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP) to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a cardiac hormone that regulates salt-water balance and blood pressure. ANP is degraded by natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR). This study was to determine if aberrant pro-ANP/corin/NPR signaling is present in maternal vascular system in preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN Maternal venous blood was obtained from 197 pregnant women (84 normotensive, 16 complicated with chronic hypertension (CHT), 11 mild and 86 severe preeclampsia). Plasma corin and pro-ANP concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Maternal subcutaneous fat tissue was obtained from 12 pregnant women with cesarean section delivery (6 normotensive and 6 preeclampsia). Vascular ANP and its receptors NPR-A, NPR-B, and NPR-C expression were examined by immunostaining of paraffin embedded subcutaneous fat tissue sections. RESULTS Corin concentrations were significantly higher in mild (2.78 ± 0.67 ng/ml, p < .05) and severe (2.53 ± 0.18 ng/ml, p < .01) preeclampsia than in normotensive (1.58 ± 0.08 ng/ml) and CHT (1.55 ± 0.20 ng/ml) groups. Pro-ANP concentrations were significantly higher in CHT (1.59 ± 0.53 ng/ml, p < .05) and severe preeclampsia (1.42 ± 0.24 ng/ml, p < .01) than in normotensive (0.48 ± 0.06 ng/ml) and mild preeclampsia (0.52 ± 0.09 ng/ml) groups. ANP and NPR-B expression was undetectable in maternal vessels from normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancies, but reduced NPR-A expression and increased NPR-C expression was found in maternal vessel endothelium in preeclampsia. CONCLUSIONS ANP is a vasodilator and NPR-C is a clearance receptor for ANP. The finding of upregulation of NPR-C expression suggests that circulating ANP clearance or degradation is increased in preeclampsia. These results also suggest that pro-ANP/corin/NPR signaling is dominant in the vascular system in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Donna Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - David F Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - John A Morgan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Danielle B Cooper
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Charles E McCathran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA.
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Hu TX, Wang G, Wu W, Gao L, Tan QY, Wang J. Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits High Glucose-Induced sFlt-1 Production via Decreasing ADAM17 Expression in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:9501792. [PMID: 28740508 PMCID: PMC5504937 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9501792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has recently been identified as an endogenous gaseous signaling molecule. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of H2S on high glucose- (HG-) induced ADAM17 expression and sFlt-1 production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Firstly, we found that HG DMEM upregulated the expression of ADAM17 and production of sFlt-1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Knocking down ADAM17 attenuated the effect of high glucose on sFlt-1 production in adipocytes. HG decreased the expression of CSE and 3-MST, as well as the endogenous H2S production. Furthermore, knocking down CSE and 3-MST significantly increased ADAM17 expression and sFlt-1 production. The addition of exogenous H2S through the administration of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) inhibited HG-induced upregulation of ADAM17 expression and sFlt-1 production. In conclusion, decreased expression of CSE and 3-MST and the subsequent decrease in H2S production contribute to high glucose-induced sFlt-1 production via activating ADAM17 in adipocytes. Exogenous H2S donor NaHS has a potential therapeutic value for diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-xiao Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA 117th Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
- *Tian-xiao Hu: and
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qing-ying Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA 117th Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA 117th Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
- *Jing Wang:
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Koh YQ, Peiris HN, Vaswani K, Reed S, Rice GE, Salomon C, Mitchell MD. Characterization of exosomal release in bovine endometrial intercaruncular stromal cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2016; 14:78. [PMID: 27829441 PMCID: PMC5103490 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-to-cell communication between the blastocyst and endometrium is critical for implantation. In recent years, evidence has emerged from studies in humans and several other animal species that exosomes are secreted from the endometrium and trophoblast cells and may play an important role in cell-to-cell communication maternal-fetal interface during early pregnancy. Exosomes are stable extracellular lipid bilayer vesicles that encapsulate proteins, miRNAs, and mRNAs, with the ability to deliver their cargo to near and distant sites, altering cellular function(s). Furthermore, the exosomal cargo can be altered in response to environmental cues (e.g. hypoxia). The current study aims to develop an in vitro system to evaluate maternal-embryo interactions via exosomes (and exosomal cargo) produced by bovine endometrial stromal cells (ICAR) using hypoxia as a known stimulus associated with the release of exosomes and alterations to biological responses (e.g. cell proliferation). METHODS ICAR cells cultured under 8 % O2 or 1 % O2 for 48 h and changes in cell function (i.e. migration, proliferation and apoptosis) were evaluated. Exosome release was determined following the isolation (via differential centrifugation) and characterization of exosomes from ICAR cell-conditioned media. Exosomal proteomic content was evaluated by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Under hypoxic conditions (i.e. 1 % O2), ICAR cell migration and proliferation was decreased (~20 and ~32 %, respectively) and apoptotic protein caspase-3 activation was increased (∼1.6 fold). Hypoxia increased exosome number by ~3.6 fold compared with culture at 8 % O2. Mass spectrometry analysis identified 128 proteins unique to exosomes of ICAR cultured at 1 % O2 compared with only 46 proteins unique to those of ICAR cultured at 8 % O2. Differential production of proteins associated with specific biological processes and molecular functions were identified, most notably ADAM10, pantetheinase and kininogen 2. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we have shown that a stimulus such as hypoxia can alter both the cellular function and exosome release of ICAR cells. Alterations to exosome release and exosomal content in response to stimuli may play a crucial role in maternal-fetal crosstalk and could also affect placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin Koh
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Hassendrini N. Peiris
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Kanchan Vaswani
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Sarah Reed
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Gregory E. Rice
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Murray D. Mitchell
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
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18
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Hirai C, Sugimura M, Makino S, Takeda S. Chymotrypsin Enhances Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 Production Through Protease-Activated Receptor 2 in Placenta-Derived Immortalized Human Trophoblast Cells. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:1542-1550. [PMID: 27140908 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116646203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The production of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT1) by exogenous chymotrypsin in trophoblast cells through protease-activated receptor (PAR) 2 was investigated to identify the role of a chymotrypsin-like serine protease in preeclampsia (PE) pathogenesis. We evaluated the expression of chymotrypsin, FLT1, and sFLT1 in monolayers of immortalized human trophoblast cells derived from placenta (TCL-1 cells). To investigate whether chymotrypsin enhances the production and release of sFLT1 through PAR-2, we examined changes in sFLT1 protein levels in conditioned medium by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and sFLT1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction in TCL-1 cells treated with exogenous chymotrypsin in the presence or absence of a PAR-2 antagonist or a chymotrypsin inhibitor (TPCK). We also examined changes in PAR-2 expression in TCL-1 cells treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α in the presence or absence of a polyclonal anti-TNF-α antibody. Western blot analysis showed that TCL-1 trophoblast cells expressed chymotrypsin, FLT1, and sFLT1. Compared with the control cells, the sFLT1 level in the conditioned medium and sFLT1 mRNA level in cells were both significantly enhanced when treated with a PAR-2 agonist or chymotrypsin for 6 hours. In contrast, the sFLT1 level in the medium and sFLT1 mRNA level in cells treated with a PAR-2 agonist or chymotrypsin were suppressed in the presence of a PAR-2 antagonist or a chymotrypsin inhibitor. The PAR-2 expression was upregulated by TNF-α, which was suppressed in the presence of TNF-α antibodies. These results indicate that chymotrypsin-like serine protease enhances sFLT1 production through PAR-2 in trophoblast cells and thus plays an important additional role in PE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Hirai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoi Sugimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamamatsu University, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shintaro Makino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Makris A, Yeung KR, Lim SM, Sunderland N, Heffernan S, Thompson JF, Iliopoulos J, Killingsworth MC, Yong J, Xu B, Ogle RF, Thadhani R, Karumanchi SA, Hennessy A. Placental Growth Factor Reduces Blood Pressure in a Uteroplacental Ischemia Model of Preeclampsia in Nonhuman Primates. Hypertension 2016; 67:1263-72. [PMID: 27091894 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An imbalance in the angiogenesis axis during pregnancy manifests as clinical preeclampsia because of endothelial dysfunction. Circulating soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT-1) increases and placental growth factor (PlGF) reduces before and during disease. We investigated the clinical and biochemical effects of replenishing the reduced circulating PlGF with recombinant human PlGF (rhPlGF) and thus restoring the angiogenic balance. Hypertensive proteinuria was induced in a nonhuman primate (Papio hamadryas) by uterine artery ligation at 136 days gestation (of a 182-day pregnancy). Two weeks after uteroplacental ischemia, rhPlGF (rhPlGF, n=3) or normal saline (control, n=4) was administered by subcutaneous injection (100 μg/kg per day) for 5 days. Blood pressure was monitored by intra-arterial radiotelemetry and sFLT-1 and PlGF by ELISA. Uteroplacental ischemia resulted in experimental preeclampsia evidenced by increased blood pressure, proteinuria, and endotheliosis on renal biopsy and elevated sFLT-1. PlGF significantly reduced after uteroplacental ischemia. rhPlGF reduced systolic blood pressure in the treated group (-5.2±0.8 mm Hg; from 132.6±6.6 mm Hg to 124.1±7.6 mm Hg) compared with an increase in systolic blood pressure in controls (6.5±3 mm Hg; from 131.3±1.5 mm Hg to 138.6±1.5 mm Hg). Proteinuria reduced in the treated group (-72.7±55.7 mg/mmol) but increased in the control group. Circulating levels of total sFLT-1 were not affected by the administration of PlGF; however, a reduction in placental sFLT-1 mRNA expression was demonstrated. There was no significant difference between the weights or lengths of the neonates in the rhPlGF or control group; however, this study was not designed to assess fetal safety or outcomes. Increasing circulating PlGF by the administration of rhPlGF improves clinical parameters in a primate animal model of experimental preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Makris
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.).
| | - Kristen R Yeung
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - Shirlene M Lim
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - Neroli Sunderland
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - Scott Heffernan
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - John F Thompson
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - Jim Iliopoulos
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - Murray C Killingsworth
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - Jim Yong
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - Bei Xu
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - Robert F Ogle
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - Ravi Thadhani
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - S Ananth Karumanchi
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - Annemarie Hennessy
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
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Hod T, Cerdeira AS, Karumanchi SA. Molecular Mechanisms of Preeclampsia. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015; 5:cshperspect.a023473. [PMID: 26292986 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a023473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disease characterized by new onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 wk of gestation. It is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Exciting discoveries in the last decade have contributed to a better understanding of the molecular basis of this disease. Epidemiological, experimental, and therapeutic studies from several laboratories have provided compelling evidence that an antiangiogenic state owing to alterations in circulating angiogenic factors leads to preeclampsia. In this review, we highlight the role of key circulating antiangiogenic factors as pathogenic biomarkers and in the development of novel therapies for preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Hod
- Department of Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02214
| | - Ana Sofia Cerdeira
- Department of Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02214 Gulbenkian Program for Advanced Medical Education, 1067-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - S Ananth Karumanchi
- Department of Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02214 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815
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Hu T, Wang G, Zhu Z, Huang Y, Gu H, Ni X. Increased ADAM10 expression in preeclamptic placentas is associated with decreased expression of hydrogen sulfide production enzymes. Placenta 2015; 36:947-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chaiworapongsa T, Romero R, Korzeniewski SJ, Chaemsaithong P, Hernandez-Andrade E, Segars JH, DeCherney AH, McCoy MC, Kim CJ, Yeo L, Hassan SS. Pravastatin to prevent recurrent fetal death in massive perivillous fibrin deposition of the placenta (MPFD). J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:855-62. [PMID: 25893545 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1022864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Massive perivillous fibrin deposition of the placenta (MPFD) or maternal floor infarction (MFI) is a serious condition associated with recurrent complications including fetal death and severe fetal growth restriction. There is no method to evaluate the risk of adverse outcome in subsequent pregnancies, or effective prevention. Recent observations suggest that MFI is characterized by an imbalance in angiogenic/anti-angiogenic factors in early pregnancy; therefore, determination of these biomarkers may identify the patient at risk for recurrence. We report the case of a pregnant woman with a history of four consecutive pregnancy losses, the last of which was affected by MFI. Abnormalities of the anti-angiogenic factor, sVEGFR-1, and soluble endoglin (sEng) were detected early in the index pregnancy, and treatment with pravastatin corrected the abnormalities. Treatment resulted in a live birth infant at 34 weeks of gestation who had normal biometric parameters and developmental milestones at the age of 2. This is the first reported successful use of pravastatin to reverse an angiogenic/anti-angiogenic imbalance and prevent fetal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD and Detroit , MI , USA .,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD and Detroit , MI , USA .,c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA .,d Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA .,e Department of Molecular Obstetrics and Genetics , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Steven J Korzeniewski
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD and Detroit , MI , USA .,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA .,d Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD and Detroit , MI , USA .,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Edgar Hernandez-Andrade
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD and Detroit , MI , USA .,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - James H Segars
- f Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Alan H DeCherney
- f Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - M Cathleen McCoy
- g Perinatal Unit , Winchester Obstetrics and Gynecology, Winchester Medical Center , Winchester , VA , USA , and
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD and Detroit , MI , USA .,h Department of Pathology , University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea
| | - Lami Yeo
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD and Detroit , MI , USA .,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD and Detroit , MI , USA .,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
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Placental fractalkine is up-regulated in severe early-onset preeclampsia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1334-43. [PMID: 25769431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) includes the release of placental factors into the maternal circulation, inducing an inflammatory environment in the mother. One of the factors may be the proinflammatory chemokine fractalkine, which is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast of human placenta, from where it is released into the maternal circulation by constitutive shedding. We examined whether placental fractalkine is up-regulated in severe early-onset PE and whether the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 are able to increase the expression of fractalkine. Gene expression analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry consistently showed increased fractalkine expression in placentas from severe early-onset PE, compared to gestational age-matched controls. Expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) 10 and 17, which convert transmembrane fractalkine into the soluble form, was significantly increased in these cases. Incubation of first-trimester placental explants with TNF-α provoked a significant increase in fractalkine expression and release of the soluble form, whereas IL-6 had no effect. TNF-α-mediated up-regulation of placental fractalkine was reversed in the presence of the aspirin-derivative salicylate, which impaired activation of NF-κB p65 in TNF-α-treated explants. On the basis of data from placental explants, we suggest that increased maternal TNF-α may up-regulate the expression and release of placental fractalkine, which, in turn, may contribute to an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response in PE.
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Siwetz M, Sundl M, Kolb D, Hiden U, Herse F, Huppertz B, Gauster M. Placental fractalkine mediates adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to villous trophoblast. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 143:565-74. [PMID: 25566740 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) recently attracted increasing attention in the field of placenta research due to its dual nature, acting both as membrane-bound and soluble forms. While the membrane-bound form mediates flow-resistant adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial and epithelial cells via its corresponding receptor CX3CR1, the soluble form arises from metalloprotease-dependent shedding and bears chemoattractive activity for monocytes, natural killer cells and T cells. In human placenta, fractalkine is expressed at the apical microvillous plasma membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast, which may enable close physical contact with circulating maternal leukocytes. Based on these observations, we tested the hypothesis that fractalkine mediates adhesion of monocytes to the villous trophoblast. Forskolin-induced differentiation and syncytialization of the trophoblast cell line BeWo was accompanied with a substantial upregulation in fractalkine expression and led to increased adhesion of the monocyte cell line THP-1, which preferentially bound to syncytia. Blocking as well as silencing of the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 proved involvement of the fractalkine/CX3CR1 system in adherence of THP-1 monocytes to villous trophoblast. Pre-incubation of THP-1 monocytes with human recombinant fractalkine as well as silencing of CX3CR1 expression in THP-1 monocytes significantly impaired their adherence to BeWo cells and primary term trophoblasts. The present study suggests fractalkine as another candidate among the panel of adhesion molecules enabling stable interaction between leukocytes and the syncytiotrophoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Siwetz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Harrachgasse 21/VII, 8010, Graz, Austria
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Aghababaei M, Beristain AG. The Elsevier Trophoblast Research Award Lecture: Importance of metzincin proteases in trophoblast biology and placental development: a focus on ADAM12. Placenta 2014; 36 Suppl 1:S11-9. [PMID: 25589360 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Placental development is a highly regulated process requiring signals from both fetal and maternal uterine compartments. Within this complex system, trophoblasts, placental cells of epithelial lineage, form the maternal-fetal interface controlling nutrient, gas and waste exchange. The commitment of progenitor villous cytotrophoblasts to differentiate into diverse trophoblast subsets is a fundamental process in placental development. Differentiation of trophoblasts into invasive stromal- and vascular-remodeling subtypes is essential for uterine arterial remodeling and placental function. Inadequate placentation, characterized by defects in trophoblast differentiation, may underlie the earliest cellular events driving pregnancy disorders such as preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Molecularly, invasive trophoblasts acquire characteristics defined by profound alterations in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, cytoskeletal reorganization and production of proteolytic factors. To date, most studies have investigated the importance of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their ability to efficiently remodel components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, it is now becoming clear that besides MMPs, other related proteases regulate trophoblast invasion via mechanisms other than ECM turnover. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the regulation of trophoblast invasion by members of the metzincin family of metalloproteinases. Specifically, we will discuss the emerging roles that A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinases (ADAMs) play in placental development, with a particular focus on the ADAM subtype, ADAM12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahroo Aghababaei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Canada; The Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alexander G Beristain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Canada; The Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
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Appel S, Turnwald EM, Ankerne J, Wohlfarth M, Appel J, Rother E, Janoschek R, Alejandre Alcazar MA, Schnare M, Meißner U, Dötsch J. Hypoxia-Mediated Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 Increase Is Not Attenuated in Interleukin 6-Deficient Mice. Reprod Sci 2014; 22:735-42. [PMID: 25415335 DOI: 10.1177/1933719114557898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), known to be increased in the serum of preeclamptic patients, is a relevant factor in causing maternal symptoms like hypertension and proteinuria. In this study, we aimed to reveal whether hypoxia is a cause of increased sFlt-1 levels and inflammation markers in vivo and whether these symptoms can be attenuated by interleukin 6 (IL-6) depletion. For this purpose, pregnant wild-type (wt) mice or IL-6(-/-) mice on embryonic day 16 were placed under either normoxic (20.9% oxygen) or hypoxic (6% oxygen) conditions for 6 hours. This led to a rise of sFlt-1 levels in maternal serum, independent of the IL-6 status of the dam. Increased maternal sFlt-1 serum levels were, however, not due to an increase in sFlt-1 messenger RNA levels in the placenta. Moreover, there was no increase in inflammatory markers in neither wt mice nor IL-6(-/-) mice. This suggests that hypoxia alone does not contribute to the induction of an inflammatory placenta. Also, the hypoxia-induced rise in sFlt-1 levels seems not to be mediated by IL-6 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Appel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Turnwald
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janina Ankerne
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Wohlfarth
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Appel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Rother
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruth Janoschek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Markus Schnare
- Institute for Immunology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Dötsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Kim YM, Chaemsaithong P, Romero R, Shaman M, Kim CJ, Kim JS, Qureshi F, Jacques SM, Ahmed AI, Chaiworapongsa T, Hassan SS, Yeo L, Korzeniewski SJ. Placental lesions associated with acute atherosis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 28:1554-62. [PMID: 25183023 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.960835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute atherosis is a lesion of the spiral arteries characterized by fibrinoid necrosis of the vessel wall, an accumulation of fat-containing macrophages, and a mononuclear perivascular infiltrate, which can be found in patients with preeclampsia, fetal death, small-for-gestational age, spontaneous preterm labor/premature prelabor rupture of membrane, and spontaneous mid-trimester abortion. This lesion is thought to decrease blood flow to the intervillous space which may lead to other vascular lesions of the placenta. The objective of this study was to test whether there is an association between acute atherosis and placental lesions that are consistent with maternal vascular underperfusion (MVU), amniotic fluid infection (AFI), fetal vascular thrombo-occlusive disease (FVTOD) or chronic inflammation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study of pregnant women who delivered between July 1998 and July 2014 at Hutzel Women's Hospital/Detroit Medical Center was conducted examine 16 457 placentas. The frequency of placenta lesions (diagnosed using the criteria of the Perinatal Section of the Society for Pediatric Pathology) was compared between pregnancies with and without acute atherosis. RESULTS Among 16 457 women who were enrolled, 10.2% (1671/16 457) were excluded, leaving 14 786 women who contributed data for analysis. Among them, the prevalence of acute atherosis was 2.2% (326/14 786). Women with acute atherosis were more than six times as likely as those without to have placental lesions consistent with maternal underperfusion (adjusted odds ratio - aOR: 6.7; 95% CI 5.2-8.6). To a lesser degree, acute atherosis was also associated with greater risks of having either lesions consistent with FVTOD (aOR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2-2.3) or chronic chorioamnionitis (aOR 1.9; 95% CI 1.3-3), but not with other chronic inflammatory lesions, after adjusting for gestational age at delivery. In contrast, women with acute atherosis were 60% less likely to have lesions consistent with AFI, adjusting for gestational age at delivery (aOR 0.4; 95% CI 0.3-0.5). CONCLUSIONS Acute atherosis is associated with increased risks of having placental lesions consistent with MVU, and to a lesser extent, chronic chorioamnionitis and those consistent with FVTOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Mee Kim
- a Department of Pathology , Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine , Busan , Korea
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Metalloprotease dependent release of placenta derived fractalkine. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:839290. [PMID: 24771984 PMCID: PMC3976874 DOI: 10.1155/2014/839290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine fractalkine is considered as unique since it exists both as membrane-bound adhesion molecule and as shed soluble chemoattractant. Here the hypothesis was tested whether placental fractalkine can be shed and released into the maternal circulation. Immunohistochemical staining of human first trimester and term placenta sections localized fractalkine at the apical microvillous plasma membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast. Gene expression analysis revealed abundant upregulation in placental fractalkine at term, compared to first trimester. Fractalkine expression and release were detected in the trophoblast cell line BeWo, in primary term trophoblasts and placental explants. Incubation of BeWo cells and placental explants with metalloprotease inhibitor Batimastat inhibited the release of soluble fractalkine and at the same time increased the membrane-bound form. These results demonstrate that human placenta is a source for fractalkine, which is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast and can be released into the maternal circulation by constitutive metalloprotease dependent shedding. Increased expression and release of placental fractalkine may contribute to low grade systemic inflammatory responses in third trimester of normal pregnancy. Aberrant placental metalloprotease activity may not only affect the release of placenta derived fractalkine but may at the same time affect the abundance of the membrane-bound form of the chemokine.
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Takahashi H, Yuge K, Matsubara S, Ohkuchi A, Kuwata T, Usui R, Suzuki M, Takizawa T. Differential Expression of ADAM (a Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase) Genes between Human First Trimester Villous and Extravillous Trophoblast Cells. J NIPPON MED SCH 2014; 81:122-9. [DOI: 10.1272/jnms.81.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School
| | - Kazuya Yuge
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School
| | | | - Akihide Ohkuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University
| | - Tomoyuki Kuwata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University
| | - Rie Usui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University
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KONG MIN, LIU LIANLIAN, YI FEI, KHAN MUHAMMAD, RASUL AZHAR, YANG FAN, MA XIAOYAN, MA TONGHUI. Prevalence of infarct and villous clumps, and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin in the placental basal plate in severe preeclampsia. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1067-73. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Debiève F, Depoix C, Gruson D, Hubinont C. Reversible effects of oxygen partial pressure on genes associated with placental angiogenesis and differentiation in primary-term cytotrophoblast cell culture. Mol Reprod Dev 2013; 80:774-84. [PMID: 23794249 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Timely regulated changes in oxygen partial pressure are important for placental formation. Disturbances could be responsible for pregnancy-related diseases like preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. We aimed to (i) determine the effect of oxygen partial pressure on cytotrophoblast differentiation; (ii) measure mRNA expression and protein secretion from genes associated with placental angiogenesis; and (iii) determine the reversibility of these effects at different oxygen partial pressures. Term cytotrophoblasts were incubated at 21% and 2.5% O2 for 96 hr, or were switched between the two oxygen concentrations after 48 hr. Real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to evaluate cell fusion and differentiation, measuring transcript levels for those genes involved in cell fusion and placental angiogenesis, including VEGF, PlGF, VEGFR1, sVEGFR1, sENG, INHA, and GCM1. Cytotrophoblasts underwent fusion and differentiation in 2.5% O2 . PlGF expression was inhibited while sVEGFR1 expression increased. VEGF and sENG mRNA expressions increased in 2.5% compared to 21% O2 , but no protein was detected in the cell supernatants. Finally, GCM1 mRNA expression increased during trophoblast differentiation at 21% O2 , but was inhibited at 2.5% O2 . These mRNA expression effects were reversed by returning the cells to 21% O2 . Thus, low-oxygen partial pressure does not inhibit term-cytotrophoblast cell fusion and differentiation in vitro. Lowering the oxygen partial pressure from 21% to 2.5% caused normal-term trophoblasts to reversibly modify their expression of genes associated with placental angiogenesis. This suggests that modifications observed in pregnancy diseases such as preeclampsia or growth retardation are probably due to an extrinsic effect on trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Debiève
- Department of Obstetrics, Institut de Recherche Expérimental et Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Luo L, Uehara H, Zhang X, Das SK, Olsen T, Holt D, Simonis JM, Jackman K, Singh N, Miya TR, Huang W, Ahmed F, Bastos-Carvalho A, Le YZ, Mamalis C, Chiodo VA, Hauswirth WW, Baffi J, Lacal PM, Orecchia A, Ferrara N, Gao G, Young-Hee K, Fu Y, Owen L, Albuquerque R, Baehr W, Thomas K, Li DY, Chalam KV, Shibuya M, Grisanti S, Wilson DJ, Ambati J, Ambati BK. Photoreceptor avascular privilege is shielded by soluble VEGF receptor-1. eLife 2013; 2:e00324. [PMID: 23795287 PMCID: PMC3687373 DOI: 10.7554/elife.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal phototransduction requires separation of the avascular photoreceptor layer from the adjacent vascularized inner retina and choroid. Breakdown of peri-photoreceptor vascular demarcation leads to retinal angiomatous proliferation or choroidal neovascularization, two variants of vascular invasion of the photoreceptor layer in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of irreversible blindness in industrialized nations. Here we show that sFLT-1, an endogenous inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), is synthesized by photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and is decreased in human AMD. Suppression of sFLT-1 by antibodies, adeno-associated virus-mediated RNA interference, or Cre/lox-mediated gene ablation either in the photoreceptor layer or RPE frees VEGF-A and abolishes photoreceptor avascularity. These findings help explain the vascular zoning of the retina, which is critical for vision, and advance two transgenic murine models of AMD with spontaneous vascular invasion early in life. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00324.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Luo
- Moran Eye Center , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , United States ; Department of Ophthalmology , The 306th Hospital of PLA , Beijing , China
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Yang H, Kim TH, An BS, Choi KC, Lee HH, Kim JM, Jeung EB. Differential expression of calcium transport channels in placenta primary cells and tissues derived from preeclamptic placenta. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 367:21-30. [PMID: 23267838 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disease characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and oxidative stress in the placenta. During the last trimester of gestation, calcium (Ca(2+)) transport from mother to fetus increases dramatically in response to the increased demand for Ca(2+) caused by bone mineralization in the fetus. Ca(2+) supplementation can significantly reduce the incidence and severity of preeclampsia or delay its onset. Ca(2+) transport channels (CTCs) include transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 (TRPV6), plasma membrane Ca(2+) ATPase (PMCA1), and Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers (NCKX3 or NCX1). We hypothesized that trans-placental Ca(2+) exchange in preeclamptic trophoblasts may be compensated for successful fetal bone mineralization. The roles of cell membrane channels (TRPV6, PMCA1, NCKX3 and NCX1) were examined in placental primary cells and in normotensive and preeclamptic placentas. The biomarker gene for preeclampsia, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT1) or marker for oxygen-sensitive gene, hypoxia-sensitive inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), were up-regulated in the preeclamptic placentas and hypoxic cells. The detection of sFLT1 and HIF-1α genes demonstrated that our experimental conditions were suitable to verify a preeclamptic condition. In women experiencing preterm labor, CTC expressions was found to be increased in the fetal and maternal regions of the preeclamptic placenta compared to the observed in normotensive placenta. During term labor, TRPV6 and PMCA1 were highly expressed in the fetal and maternal sections of preeclamptic placenta, while the expression of NCKX3 and NCX1 was reduced. In addition, the expression of CTCs was altered in hypoxia-stressed placental cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that the expression of CTCs was regulated by hypoxia stress in placenta tissues and cells, suggesting that our experimental in vitro hypoxic conditions were similar to those of preeclampsia. Furthermore, impaired Ca(2+) metabolism found in preeclamptic syncytiotrophoblasts was resulted from hypoxic stress, which may induce expression of Ca(2+) transport proteins in the placenta to maintain the balance between maternal and fetal Ca(2+) demand during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Tannetta DS, Dragovic RA, Gardiner C, Redman CW, Sargent IL. Characterisation of syncytiotrophoblast vesicles in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia: expression of Flt-1 and endoglin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56754. [PMID: 23437230 PMCID: PMC3577732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The placental syncytiotrophoblast releases micro and nanovesicles (STBM), into the maternal circulation in normal pregnancy and in increased amounts in pre-eclampsia (PE), which have proinflammatory and antiangiogenic activity and are implicated in PE pathophysiology. Better characterisation of STBM is essential to understand their role in PE. Methods and Results STBM prepared by placental lobe dual perfusion (pSTBM) and mechanical disruption (mSTBM) were analysed by four colour flow cytometry (4CFC), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and Western blotting to determine vesicle size, purity and Flt-1 and endoglin (Eng) expression. Biological activity of STBM associated Flt-1 and endoglin was assessed by the ability of VEGF, PlGF and TGFβ to bind to mSTBM and inhibit mSTBM induced endothelial monolayer disruption. STBM content was consistently high (∼87–95%) across the different preparations. However, surface antigen intensities differed, with significantly lower placental alkaline phosphatase (P<0.05) and Eng (P<0.05) expression on mSTBM, and Flt-1 (P<0.05) expression on pSTBM. For PE placenta derived preparations, pSTBM contained lower Eng positive STBM (P<0.05) and mSTBM Eng expression was increased (P<0.05). Western blotting revealed increased Flt-1/sFlt-1 (P<0.02) and decreased placental alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.0002) content of PE placenta pSTBM. Using NTA, perfused PE placentas released significantly larger MV (P<0.001). Finally, VEGF, PlGF and TGFβ bound to mSTBM at physiologically relevant concentrations and inhibited mSTBM induced endothelial disruption (P<0.05-P<0.001). Conclusions This study has found differences in physical and antigenic characteristics of normal and PE placenta STBM preparations produced by placental perfusion or mechanical disruption. We have also demonstrated that large quantities of biologically active STBM associated endoglin and Flt-1/sFlt-1 could contribute to the increased circulating levels measured in PE patients and add to the perturbation of the maternal vascular endothelium, normally attributed to non-membrane bound sFlt-1 and sEndoglin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionne S Tannetta
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Cerdeira AS, Karumanchi SA. Angiogenic factors in preeclampsia and related disorders. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2012; 2:cshperspect.a006585. [PMID: 23125198 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a006585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During fetal development, the human placenta undergoes high levels of both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Additionally, the developing placenta undergoes a process of vascular mimicry (referred to as pseudovasculogenesis) as cytotrophoblasts convert from an epithelial to an endothelial phenotype. The initiation, maturation, and maintenance of the placental vasculature are of critical importance. Failure to do so can lead to adverse obstetric outcomes such as preeclampsia and/or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Furthermore, the foundation of many aspects of adult health is laid in utero. In this context, normal placental function is not only critical for normal fetal development but can also permanently influence long-term health and disease. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis is therefore of critical importance. This chapter will focus on placental vascular development with a particular emphasis on the role of angiogenic factors in the pathogenesis of the maternal syndrome of preeclampsia and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Cerdeira
- Department of Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Zhao Y, Koga K, Osuga Y, Nagai M, Izumi G, Takamura M, Harada M, Hirota Y, Yoshino O, Taketani Y. Thrombin enhances soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 expression in trophoblasts; possible involvement in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Fertil Steril 2012; 98:917-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lambrechts D, Claes B, Delmar P, Reumers J, Mazzone M, Yesilyurt BT, Devlieger R, Verslype C, Tejpar S, Wildiers H, de Haas S, Carmeliet P, Scherer SJ, Van Cutsem E. VEGF pathway genetic variants as biomarkers of treatment outcome with bevacizumab: an analysis of data from the AViTA and AVOREN randomised trials. Lancet Oncol 2012; 13:724-33. [PMID: 22608783 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(12)70231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No biomarkers that could guide patient selection for treatment with the anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody bevacizumab have been identified. We assessed whether genetic variants in the VEGF pathway could act as biomarkers for bevacizumab treatment outcome. METHODS We investigated DNA from white patients from two phase 3 randomised studies. In AViTA, patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned to receive gemcitabine and erlotinib plus either bevacizumab or placebo. In AVOREN, patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma were randomly assigned to receive interferon alfa-2a plus either bevacizumab or placebo. We assessed the correlation of 138 SNPs in the VEGF pathway with progression-free survival and overall survival in a subpopulation of patients from AViTA. Significant findings were confirmed in a subpopulation of patients from AVOREN and functionally studied at the molecular level. FINDINGS We investigated DNA of 154 patients from AViTA, of whom 77 received bevacizumab, and 110 patients from AVOREN, of whom 59 received bevacizumab. Only rs9582036, a SNP in VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1 or FLT1), was significantly associated with overall survival in the bevacizumab group of AViTA after correction for multiplicity (per-allele hazard ratio [HR] 2·1, 95% CI 1·45-3·06, p=0·00014). This SNP was also associated with progression-free survival (per-allele HR 1·89, 1·31-2·71, p=0·00081) in bevacizumab-treated patients from AViTA. AC and CC carriers of this SNP exhibited HRs for overall survival of 2·0 (1·19-3·36; p=0·0091) and 4·72 (2·08-10·68; p=0·0002) relative to AA carriers. No effects were seen in placebo-treated patients and a significant genotype by treatment interaction (p=0·041) was recorded, indicating that the VEGFR1 locus containing this SNP serves as a predictive marker for bevacizumab treatment outcome in AViTA. Fine-mapping experiments of this locus identified rs7993418, a synonymous SNP affecting tyrosine 1213 in the VEGFR1 tyrosine-kinase domain, as the functional variant underlying the association. This SNP causes a shift in codon usage, leading to increased VEGFR1 expression and downstream VEGFR1 signalling. This VEGFR1 locus correlated significantly with progression-free survival (HR 1·81, 1·08-3·05; p=0·033) but not overall survival (HR 0·91, 0·45-1·82, p=0·78) in the bevacizumab group in AVOREN. INTERPRETATION A locus in VEGFR1 correlates with increased VEGFR1 expression and poor outcome of bevacizumab treatment. Prospective assessment is underway to validate the predictive value of this novel biomarker. FUNDING F Hoffmann-La Roche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Vesalius Research Center, VIB and KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Hou ZC, Sterner KN, Romero R, Than NG, Gonzalez JM, Weckle A, Xing J, Benirschke K, Goodman M, Wildman DE. Elephant transcriptome provides insights into the evolution of eutherian placentation. Genome Biol Evol 2012; 4:713-25. [PMID: 22546564 PMCID: PMC3381679 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evs045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chorioallantoic placenta connects mother and fetus in eutherian pregnancies. In order to understand the evolution of the placenta and provide further understanding of placenta biology, we sequenced the transcriptome of a term placenta of an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and compared these data with RNA sequence and microarray data from other eutherian placentas including human, mouse, and cow. We characterized the composition of 55,910 expressed sequence tag (i.e., cDNA) contigs using our custom annotation pipeline. A Markov algorithm was used to cluster orthologs of human, mouse, cow, and elephant placenta transcripts. We found 2,963 genes are commonly expressed in the placentas of these eutherian mammals. Gene ontology categories previously suggested to be important for placenta function (e.g., estrogen receptor signaling pathway, cell motion and migration, and adherens junctions) were significantly enriched in these eutherian placenta–expressed genes. Genes duplicated in different lineages and also specifically expressed in the placenta contribute to the great diversity observed in mammalian placenta anatomy. We identified 1,365 human lineage–specific, 1,235 mouse lineage–specific, 436 cow lineage–specific, and 904 elephant-specific placenta-expressed (PE) genes. The most enriched clusters of human-specific PE genes are signal/glycoprotein and immunoglobulin, and humans possess a deeply invasive human hemochorial placenta that comes into direct contact with maternal immune cells. Inference of phylogenetically conserved and derived transcripts demonstrates the power of comparative transcriptomics to trace placenta evolution and variation across mammals and identified candidate genes that may be important in the normal function of the human placenta, and their dysfunction may be related to human pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Cheng Hou
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Ma R, Gu Y, Groome LJ, Wang Y. ADAM17 regulates TNFα production by placental trophoblasts. Placenta 2011; 32:975-80. [PMID: 22018416 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased trophoblast TNFα production is an important component of placental dysfunction in preeclampsia. However, the mechanism of increased TNFα production in the preeclamptic placenta is largely unknown. ADAM17 is a metallopeptidase that functions as a TNFα converting enzyme. In this study, we examined ADAM17 expression in placentas from normal and preeclamptic pregnancies and found increased ADAM17 expression in preeclamptic placentas compared to those from normal placentas, p < 0.05. Since hypoxia/oxidative stress is an underlying pathophysiology in the preeclamptic placenta, we further determined if hypoxia/oxidative stress could modulate ADAM17 expression and subsequently induce TNFα production in placental trophoblasts. Trophoblasts were isolated from normal term placentas and treated with cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl(2)), a hypoxia mimetic agent, at different concentrations. Our results showed that CoCl(2) induced a dose-dependent increase in TNFα production that is associated with enhanced ADAM17 expression. Trophoblast expressions of HO-1 (a sensor of cellular oxidative stress) and caspase-3 (an indicator of apoptosis) in response to CoCl(2) stimulation were also examined. We further found that metallopeptidase inhibitor GM6001 and ADAM17 siRNA could block CoCl(2) induced TNFα production, demonstrating the role of ADAM17 in TNFα production in placental trophoblasts. These results suggest that oxidative stress-induced increased ADAM17 expression could contribute to the increased TNFα production in preeclamptic placentas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ma
- Dept. of Gynecology, The Third Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Cai J, Chen Z, Ruan Q, Han S, Liu L, Qi X, Boye SL, Hauswirth WW, Grant MB, Boulton ME. γ-Secretase and presenilin mediate cleavage and phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:42514-42523. [PMID: 22016384 PMCID: PMC3234916 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.296590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We have reported previously that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) can, via γ-secretase-mediated events, inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis in microvascular endothelial cells by both (a) cleavage and intracellular translocation of a C-terminal fragment of VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR1) and (b) inhibition of VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR1. Using site-direct mutagenesis and transfection of wild type and mutated receptors into endothelial cells, we showed that transmembrane cleavage of VEGFR1 occurs at valine 767 and that a switch from valine to alanine at this position prevented cleavage and formation of a VEGFR1 intracellular fragment. Using siRNA to selectively knock down protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in endothelial cells, we demonstrated that vascular endothelial PTP is responsible for dephosphorylation of activated VEGFR1. PEDF up-regulation of full-length presenilin 1 (Fl.PS1) facilitated the association of vascular endothelial PTP and VEGFR1. Knockdown of Fl.PS1 prevented dephosphorylation of VEGFR1, whereas up-regulation of Fl.PS1 stimulated VEGFR1 dephosphorylation. Fl.PS1 associated with VEGFR1 within 15 min after PEDF treatment. In conclusion, we determined the PEDF-mediated events responsible for VEGFR1 signaling and identified full-length presenilin as a critical adaptor molecule in the dephosphorylation of VEGFR1. This greater understanding of the regulation of VEGFR1 signaling will help identify novel anti-VEGF therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cai
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0235
| | - Zhijuan Chen
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0235
| | - Qing Ruan
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0235
| | - Song Han
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0235
| | - Li Liu
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0235
| | - Xiaoping Qi
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0235
| | - Sanford L Boye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0235
| | - William W Hauswirth
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0235
| | - Maria B Grant
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0235
| | - Michael E Boulton
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0235.
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Bouillot S, Tillet E, Carmona G, Prandini MH, Gauchez AS, Hoffmann P, Alfaidy N, Cand F, Huber P. Protocadherin-12 cleavage is a regulated process mediated by ADAM10 protein: evidence of shedding up-regulation in pre-eclampsia. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:15195-204. [PMID: 21402705 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.230045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protocadherins are a group of transmembrane proteins with homophilic binding activity, members of the cadherin superfamily. Apart from their role in adhesion, the cellular functions of protocadherins are essentially unknown. Protocadherin (PCDH)12 was previously identified in invasive trophoblasts and endothelial and mesangial cells in the mouse. Invalidation studies revealed that the protein was required for optimal placental development. In this article, we show that its human homolog is abundantly expressed in various trophoblast subtypes of the human placenta and at lower levels in endothelial cells. We demonstrate that PCDH12 is shed at high rates in vitro. The shedding mechanism depends on ADAM10 and results in reduced cellular adhesion in a cell migration assay. PCDH12 is subsequently cleaved by the γ-secretase complex, and its cytoplasmic domain is rapidly degraded by the proteasome. PCDH12 shedding is regulated by interlinked intracellular pathways, including those involving protein kinase C, PI3K, and cAMP, that either increase or inhibit cleavage. In endothelial cells, VEGF, prostaglandin E(2), or histamine regulates PCDH12 shedding. The extracellular domain of PCDH12 was also detected in human serum and urine, thus providing evidence of PCDH12 shedding in vivo. Importantly, we observed an increase in circulating PCDH12 in pregnant women who later developed a pre-eclampsia, a frequent pregnancy syndrome and a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In conclusion, we speculate that, like in mice, PCDH12 may play an important role in human placental development and that proteolytic cleavage in response to external factors, such as cytokines and pathological settings, regulates its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Bouillot
- Laboratoire d'Angiogenèse et Physiopathologie Vasculaire, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France
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Kulkarni AV, Mehendale SS, Yadav HR, Joshi SR. Reduced placental docosahexaenoic acid levels associated with increased levels of sFlt-1 in preeclampsia. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2011; 84:51-5. [PMID: 20956072 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our earlier studies, in preeclamptic women have shown altered levels of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), essential constituents of the cell membrane lipids responsible for membrane stability as one of the key factors contributing to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. We have also reported elevated levels of sFlt-1 in preeclampsia. The present study examines the levels of LCPUFA and their association with sFlt-1 levels in 69 pre-eclamptic women and 40 normotensive women. DHA and omega 3 fatty acid levels were lower (p<0.001) while arachidonic acid and omega 6 fatty acid levels were higher (p<0.05) in preeclamptic women as compared to normotensive women. Maternal plasma sFlt-1 levels were higher (p<0.05) in preeclamptic women and were negatively associated with DHA (p=0.008) and omega 3 fatty acids concentrations (p=0.031). Our results suggest that altered placental LCPUFA may result in altered membrane lipid fatty acid composition leading to increased release of sFlt-1 in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita V Kulkarni
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India
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