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Gerlach RG, Wittmann I, Heinrich L, Pinkenburg O, Meyer T, Elpers L, Schmidt C, Hensel M, Schnare M. Subversion of a family of antimicrobial proteins by Salmonella enterica. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1375887. [PMID: 38505286 PMCID: PMC10948614 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1375887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a food-borne pathogen able to cause a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from mild gastroenteritis to systemic infections. During almost all stages of the infection process Salmonella is likely to be exposed to a wide variety of host-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). AMPs are important components of the innate immune response which integrate within the bacterial membrane, thus forming pores which lead ultimately to bacterial killing. In contrast to other AMPs Bactericidal/Permeability-increasing Protein (BPI) displayed only weak bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects towards Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium (STM) cultures. Surprisingly, we found that sub-antimicrobial concentrations of BPI fold-containing (BPIF) superfamily members mediated adhesion of STM depending on pre-formed type 1 fimbriae. BPIF proteins directly bind to type 1 fimbriae through mannose-containing oligosaccharide modifications. Fimbriae decorated with BPIF proteins exhibit extended binding specificity, allowing for bacterial adhesion on a greater variety of abiotic and biotic surfaces likely promoting host colonization. Further, fimbriae significantly contributed to the resistance against BPI, probably through sequestration of the AMP before membrane interaction. In conclusion, functional subversion of innate immune proteins of the BPIF family through binding to fimbriae promotes Salmonella virulence by survival of host defense and promotion of host colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman G. Gerlach
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Irene Wittmann
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Pinkenburg
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Torben Meyer
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Laura Elpers
- Division of Microbiology and CellNanOs – Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück, School of Biology/Chemistry, University Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Michael Hensel
- Division of Microbiology and CellNanOs – Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück, School of Biology/Chemistry, University Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Markus Schnare
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Liu Y, Li S, Liu B, Zhang J, Wang C, Feng L. Maternal urban particulate matter (SRM 1648a) exposure disrupted the cellular immune homeostasis during early life: The potential attribution of altered placental transcriptome profile. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169432. [PMID: 38135080 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Ambient fine particular matter (PM2.5) exposure has been associated with numerous adverse effects including triggering functional disorders of the placenta and inducing immune imbalance in offspring. However, how maternal PM2.5 exposure impacts immune development during early life is not fully understood. In the current study, we exposed mice with low-, middle-, and high-dose PM2.5 during pregnancy to investigate the potential link between the transcriptional changes in the placenta and immune imbalance in mice offspring induced by PM2.5 exposures. Using flow cytometry, we found that the proportions of B cells, CD3+CD4+ T cells, CD3+CD8+ T cells, and macrophage (Mφ) cells were altered in the blood of PM2.5-exposed mice pups but not dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer cells (NKs). Using bulk RNA sequencing, we found that PM2.5 exposure altered the transcriptional profile which indicated an inhibition of the complement and coagulation cascades in the placenta. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed the potential crosstalk between the perturbation of placental gene expression and the changes of immune cell subsets in pups on postnatal day 10 (PND10). Specifically, WGCNA identified a cluster of genes including Defb15, Defb20, Defb25, Cst8, Cst12, and Adam7 that might regulate the core immune cell types in PND10 pups. Although the underlying mechanisms of how maternal PM2.5 exposure induces peripheral lymphocyte disturbance in offspring still remain much unknown, our findings here shed light on the potential role of placental dysfunction in these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Liu
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shuman Li
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
| | - Liping Feng
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA.
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Zhang L, Zhang S, Yuan M, Zhan F, Song M, Shang P, Yang F, Li X, Qiao R, Han X, Li X, Fang M, Wang K. Genome-Wide Association Studies and Runs of Homozygosity to Identify Reproduction-Related Genes in Yorkshire Pig Population. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2133. [PMID: 38136955 PMCID: PMC10742578 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive traits hold considerable economic importance in pig breeding and production. However, candidate genes underpinning the reproductive traits are still poorly identified. In the present study, we executed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and runs of homozygosity (ROH) analysis using the PorcineSNP50 BeadChip array for 585 Yorkshire pigs. Results from the GWAS identified two genome-wide significant and eighteen suggestive significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with seven reproductive traits. Furthermore, we identified candidate genes, including ELMO1, AOAH, INSIG2, NUP205, LYPLAL1, RPL34, LIPH, RNF7, GRK7, ETV5, FYN, and SLC30A5, which were chosen due to adjoining significant SNPs and their functions in immunity, fertilization, embryonic development, and sperm quality. Several genes were found in ROH islands associated with spermatozoa, development of the fetus, mature eggs, and litter size, including INSL6, TAF4B, E2F7, RTL1, CDKN1C, and GDF9. This study will provide insight into the genetic basis for pig reproductive traits, facilitating reproduction improvement using the marker-based selection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lige Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (F.Z.); (M.S.); (F.Y.); (X.L.); (R.Q.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Songyuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (F.Z.); (M.S.); (F.Y.); (X.L.); (R.Q.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Meng Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (F.Z.); (M.S.); (F.Y.); (X.L.); (R.Q.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Fengting Zhan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (F.Z.); (M.S.); (F.Y.); (X.L.); (R.Q.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Mingkun Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (F.Z.); (M.S.); (F.Y.); (X.L.); (R.Q.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Peng Shang
- Animal Science College, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China;
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (F.Z.); (M.S.); (F.Y.); (X.L.); (R.Q.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiuling Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (F.Z.); (M.S.); (F.Y.); (X.L.); (R.Q.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Ruimin Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (F.Z.); (M.S.); (F.Y.); (X.L.); (R.Q.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuelei Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (F.Z.); (M.S.); (F.Y.); (X.L.); (R.Q.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (F.Z.); (M.S.); (F.Y.); (X.L.); (R.Q.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Meiying Fang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kejun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (F.Z.); (M.S.); (F.Y.); (X.L.); (R.Q.); (X.H.); (X.L.)
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Stacey LD, Gubbrud JM, Keegan AC, Kleekamp KR, Kuntz MA, Osmanski MJ, Schumacher JJ, Gubbels JAA, Egland PG. Detection of heat-stable antibacterial activity in cotyledonary and discoid placentas. Placenta 2023; 142:95-97. [PMID: 37660504 PMCID: PMC10591983 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The placenta serves in immunological defense of the fetus, providing proteins essential for innate immunity. Maternal and fetal portions of two mammalian placenta types, discoid, and cotyledonary, were separated and analyzed for antibacterial activity using a culture-independent method. Antibacterial activity was detected in both maternal and fetal portions of all placenta types tested. Protease resistance and increased activity after boiling suggests that the factor is activated upon release from a larger molecule. Identification of this factor and the mechanism of activation will lead to a better understanding of the innate immune function provided by the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan D Stacey
- Department of Biology, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD, 57197, USA
| | - Jonathan M Gubbrud
- Department of Biology, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD, 57197, USA
| | - Alek C Keegan
- Department of Biology, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD, 57197, USA
| | - Kelly R Kleekamp
- Department of Biology, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD, 57197, USA
| | - Meghan A Kuntz
- Department of Biology, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD, 57197, USA
| | - Matthew J Osmanski
- Department of Biology, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD, 57197, USA
| | | | | | - Paul G Egland
- Department of Biology, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD, 57197, USA.
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Vancolen S, Ayash T, Allard MJ, Sébire G. Sex-Specific Dysconnective Brain Injuries and Neuropsychiatric Conditions such as Autism Spectrum Disorder Caused by Group B Streptococcus-Induced Chorioamnionitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14090. [PMID: 37762401 PMCID: PMC10531534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Global health efforts have increased against infectious diseases, but issues persist with pathogens like Group B Streptococcus (GBS). Preclinical studies have elaborated on the mechanistic process of GBS-induced chorioamnionitis and its impact on the fetal programming of chronic neuropsychiatric diseases. GBS inoculation in rodents demonstrated the following: (i) silent and self-limited placental infection, similar to human chorioamnionitis; (ii) placental expression of chemokines attracting polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells; (iii) in vitro cytokine production; (iv) PMN infiltration in the placenta (histologic hallmark of human chorioamnionitis), linked to neurobehavioral impairments like cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorders (ASD); (v) upregulation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the placenta and fetal blood, associated with higher ASD risk in humans; (vi) sex-specific effects, with higher IL-1β release and PMN recruitment in male placenta; (vii) male offspring exhibiting ASD-like traits, while female offspring displayed attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like traits; (viii) IL-1 and/or NF-kB blockade alleviate placental and fetal inflammation, as well as subsequent neurobehavioral impairments. These findings offer potential therapeutic avenues, including sex-adapted anti-inflammatory treatment (e.g., blocking IL-1; repurposing of FDA-approved IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) treatment). Blocking the IL-1 pathway offers therapeutic potential to alleviate chorioamnionitis-related disabilities, presenting an opportunity for a human phase II RCT that uses IL-1 blockade added to the classic antibiotic treatment of chorioamnionitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seline Vancolen
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada;
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Taghreed Ayash
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Marie-Julie Allard
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Guillaume Sébire
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Silini AR, Ramuta TŽ, Pires AS, Banerjee A, Dubus M, Gindraux F, Kerdjoudj H, Maciulatis J, Weidinger A, Wolbank S, Eissner G, Giebel B, Pozzobon M, Parolini O, Kreft ME. Methods and criteria for validating the multimodal functions of perinatal derivatives when used in oncological and antimicrobial applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:958669. [PMID: 36312547 PMCID: PMC9607958 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.958669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal derivatives or PnDs refer to tissues, cells and secretomes from perinatal, or birth-associated tissues. In the past 2 decades PnDs have been highly investigated for their multimodal mechanisms of action that have been exploited in various disease settings, including in different cancers and infections. Indeed, there is growing evidence that PnDs possess anticancer and antimicrobial activities, but an urgent issue that needs to be addressed is the reproducible evaluation of efficacy, both in vitro and in vivo. Herein we present the most commonly used functional assays for the assessment of antitumor and antimicrobial properties of PnDs, and we discuss their advantages and disadvantages in assessing the functionality. This review is part of a quadrinomial series on functional assays for the validation of PnDs spanning biological functions such as immunomodulation, anticancer and antimicrobial, wound healing, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta R. Silini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Taja Železnik Ramuta
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Salomé Pires
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Asmita Banerjee
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Dubus
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA 4691 Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), Reims, France
| | - Florelle Gindraux
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologique et Plastique, CHU Besançon and Laboratoire de Nanomédecine, Imagerie, Thérapeutique EA 4662, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Halima Kerdjoudj
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA 4691 Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), Reims, France
| | - Justinas Maciulatis
- The Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Adelheid Weidinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Wolbank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günther Eissner
- Systems Biology Ireland, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città Della Speranza, Padoa, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Mateja Erdani Kreft,
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Antimicrobial Peptides in Early-Life Host Defense, Perinatal Infections, and Necrotizing Enterocolitis—An Update. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175074. [PMID: 36079001 PMCID: PMC9457252 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense against early-life infections such as chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) relies primarily on innate immunity, in which antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a major role. AMPs that are important for the fetus and neonate include α and β defensins, cathelicidin LL-37, antiproteases (elafin, SLPI), and hepcidin. They can be produced by the fetus or neonate, the placenta, chorioamniotic membranes, recruited neutrophils, and milk-protein ingestion or proteolysis. They possess antimicrobial, immunomodulating, inflammation-regulating, and tissue-repairing properties. AMPs are expressed as early as the 13th week and increase progressively through gestation. Limited studies are available on AMP expression and levels in the fetus and neonate. Nevertheless, existing evidence supports the role of AMPs in pathogenesis of chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, and NEC, and their association with disease severity. This suggests a potential role of AMPs in diagnosis, prevention, prognosis, and treatment of sepsis and NEC. Herein, we present an overview of the antimicrobial and immunomodulating properties of human AMPs, their sources in the intrauterine environment, fetus, and neonate, and their changes during pre- and post-natal infections and NEC. We also discuss emerging data regarding the potential utility of AMPs in early-life infections, as diagnostic or predictive biomarkers and as therapeutic alternatives or adjuncts to antibiotic therapy considering the increase of antibiotic resistance in neonatal intensive care units.
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Placental Tissues as Biomaterials in Regenerative Medicine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6751456. [PMID: 35496035 PMCID: PMC9050314 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6751456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Placental tissues encompass all the tissues which support fetal development, including the placenta, placental membrane, umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid. Since the 1990s there has been renewed interest in the use of these tissues as a raw material for regenerative medicine applications. Placental tissues have been extensively studied for their potential contribution to tissue repair applications. Studies have attributed their efficacy in augmenting the healing process to the extracellular matrix scaffolds rich in collagens, glycosaminoglycans, and proteoglycans, as well as the presence of cytokines within the tissues that have been shown to stimulate re-epithelialization, promote angiogenesis, and aid in the reduction of inflammation and scarring. The compositions and properties of all birth tissues give them the potential to be valuable biomaterials for the development of new regenerative therapies. Herein, the development and compositions of each of these tissues are reviewed, with focus on the structural and signaling components that are relevant to medical applications. This review also explores current configurations and recent innovations in the use of placental tissues as biomaterials in regenerative medicine.
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Olmos-Ortiz A, Hernández-Pérez M, Flores-Espinosa P, Sedano G, Helguera-Repetto AC, Villavicencio-Carrisoza Ó, Valdespino-Vazquez MY, Flores-Pliego A, Irles C, Rivas-Santiago B, Moreno-Verduzco ER, Díaz L, Zaga-Clavellina V. Compartmentalized Innate Immune Response of Human Fetal Membranes against Escherichia coli Choriodecidual Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062994. [PMID: 35328414 PMCID: PMC8949057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An infectious process into the uterine cavity represents a major endangered condition that compromises the immune privilege of the maternal-fetal unit and increases the risk for preterm birth (PTB) and premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Fetal membranes are active secretors of antimicrobial peptides (AMP), which limit bacterial growth, such as Escherichia coli. Nevertheless, the antibacterial responses displayed by chorioamniotic membranes against a choriodecidual E. coli infection have been briefly studied. The objective of this research was to characterize the profile of synthesis, activity, and spatial distribution of a broad panel of AMPs produced by fetal membranes in response to E. coli choriodecidual infection. Term human chorioamniotic membranes were mounted in a two independent compartment model in which the choriodecidual region was infected with live E. coli (1 × 105 CFU/mL). Amnion and choriodecidual AMP tissue levels and TNF-α and IL-1β secretion were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The passage of bacterium through fetal membranes and their effect on structural continuity was followed for 24 h. Our results showed that E. coli infection caused a progressive mechanical disruption of the chorioamniotic membranes and an activated inflammatory environment. After the challenge, the amnion quickly (2-4 h) induced production of human beta defensins (HBD)-1, HBD-2, and LL-37. Afterwards (8-24 h), the amnion significantly produced HBD-1, HBD-2, HNP-1-3, S100A7, sPLA2, and elafin, whereas the choriodecidua induced LL-37 synthesis. Therefore, we noticed a temporal- and tissue-specific pattern regulation of the synthesis of AMPs by infected fetal membranes. However, fetal membranes were not able to contain the collagen degradation or the bacterial growth and migration despite the battery of produced AMPs, which deeply increases the risk for PTB and PROM. The mixture of recombinant HBDs at low concentrations resulted in increased bactericidal activity compared to each HBD alone in vitro, encouraging further research to study AMP combinations that may offer synergy to control drug-resistant infections in the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Olmos-Ortiz
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (M.H.-P.); (P.F.-E.); (G.S.); (A.C.H.-R.); (Ó.V.-C.); (A.F.-P.)
| | - Mayra Hernández-Pérez
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (M.H.-P.); (P.F.-E.); (G.S.); (A.C.H.-R.); (Ó.V.-C.); (A.F.-P.)
| | - Pilar Flores-Espinosa
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (M.H.-P.); (P.F.-E.); (G.S.); (A.C.H.-R.); (Ó.V.-C.); (A.F.-P.)
| | - Gabriela Sedano
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (M.H.-P.); (P.F.-E.); (G.S.); (A.C.H.-R.); (Ó.V.-C.); (A.F.-P.)
| | - Addy Cecilia Helguera-Repetto
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (M.H.-P.); (P.F.-E.); (G.S.); (A.C.H.-R.); (Ó.V.-C.); (A.F.-P.)
| | - Óscar Villavicencio-Carrisoza
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (M.H.-P.); (P.F.-E.); (G.S.); (A.C.H.-R.); (Ó.V.-C.); (A.F.-P.)
| | | | - Arturo Flores-Pliego
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (M.H.-P.); (P.F.-E.); (G.S.); (A.C.H.-R.); (Ó.V.-C.); (A.F.-P.)
| | - Claudine Irles
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, INPer, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | | | | | - Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Zaga-Clavellina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, INPer, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5520-9900 (ext. 478)
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10
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Abstract
Bitter taste-sensing type 2 receptors (TAS2Rs or T2Rs), belonging to the subgroup of family A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), are of crucial importance in the perception of bitterness. Although in the first instance, TAS2Rs were considered to be exclusively distributed in the apical microvilli of taste bud cells, numerous studies have detected these sensory receptor proteins in several extra-oral tissues, such as in pancreatic or ovarian tissues, as well as in their corresponding malignancies. Critical points of extra-oral TAS2Rs biology, such as their structure, roles, signaling transduction pathways, extensive mutational polymorphism, and molecular evolution, have been currently broadly studied. The TAS2R cascade, for instance, has been recently considered to be a pivotal modulator of a number of (patho)physiological processes, including adipogenesis or carcinogenesis. The latest advances in taste receptor biology further raise the possibility of utilizing TAS2Rs as a therapeutic target or as an informative index to predict treatment responses in various disorders. Thus, the focus of this review is to provide an update on the expression and molecular basis of TAS2Rs functions in distinct extra-oral tissues in health and disease. We shall also discuss the therapeutic potential of novel TAS2Rs targets, which are appealing due to their ligand selectivity, expression pattern, or pharmacological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Tuzim
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Korolczuk
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
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11
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Olmos-Ortiz A, Flores-Espinosa P, Díaz L, Velázquez P, Ramírez-Isarraraz C, Zaga-Clavellina V. Immunoendocrine Dysregulation during Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Central Role of the Placenta. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8087. [PMID: 34360849 PMCID: PMC8348825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a transitory metabolic condition caused by dysregulation triggered by intolerance to carbohydrates, dysfunction of beta-pancreatic and endothelial cells, and insulin resistance during pregnancy. However, this disease includes not only changes related to metabolic distress but also placental immunoendocrine adaptations, resulting in harmful effects to the mother and fetus. In this review, we focus on the placenta as an immuno-endocrine organ that can recognize and respond to the hyperglycemic environment. It synthesizes diverse chemicals that play a role in inflammation, innate defense, endocrine response, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis, all associated with different perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Olmos-Ortiz
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (P.F.-E.)
| | - Pilar Flores-Espinosa
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (P.F.-E.)
| | - Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Pilar Velázquez
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Ángeles México, Ciudad de México 11800, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Ramírez-Isarraraz
- Clínica de Urología Ginecológica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Zaga-Clavellina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
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12
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Ramuta TŽ, Šket T, Starčič Erjavec M, Kreft ME. Antimicrobial Activity of Human Fetal Membranes: From Biological Function to Clinical Use. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:691522. [PMID: 34136474 PMCID: PMC8201995 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.691522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fetal membranes provide a supportive environment for the growing embryo and later fetus. Due to their versatile properties, the use of fetal membranes in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is increasing in recent years. Moreover, as microbial infections present a crucial complication in various treatments, their antimicrobial properties are gaining more attention. The antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are secreted by cells from various perinatal derivatives, including human amnio-chorionic membrane (hACM), human amniotic membrane (hAM), and human chorionic membrane (hCM). By exhibiting antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiprotozoal activities and immunomodulatory activities, they contribute to ensuring a healthy pregnancy and preventing complications. Several research groups investigated the antimicrobial properties of hACM, hAM, and hCM and their derivatives. These studies advanced basic knowledge of antimicrobial properties of perinatal derivatives and also provided an important insight into the potential of utilizing their antimicrobial properties in a clinical setting. After surveying the studies presenting assays on antimicrobial activity of hACM, hAM, and hCM, we identified several considerations to be taken into account when planning future studies and eventual translation of fetal membranes and their derivatives as antimicrobial agents from bench to bedside. Namely, (1) the standardization of hACM, hAM, and hCM preparation to guarantee rigorous antimicrobial activity, (2) standardization of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to enable comparison of results between various studies, (3) investigation of the antimicrobial properties of fetal membranes and their derivatives in the in vivo setting, and (4) designation of donor criteria that enable the optimal donor selection. By taking these considerations into account, future studies will provide crucial information that will enable reaching the optimal treatment outcomes using the fetal membranes and their derivatives as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taja Železnik Ramuta
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Šket
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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13
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Liempi A, Castillo C, Medina L, Galanti N, Maya JD, Parraguez VH, Kemmerling U. Comparative ex vivo infection with Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondii of human, canine and ovine placenta: Analysis of tissue damage and infection efficiency. Parasitol Int 2020; 76:102065. [PMID: 32001348 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, and Toxoplasma gondii, which is responsible for Toxoplasmosis, are two parasites that cause significant protozoan zoonoses and consequently important economic losses in human, companion animals and livestock. For the congenital transmission to occur, both parasites must cross the barrier present in the mammalian placenta, which differs between species. Particularly, hemochorial, endotheliochorial and epitheliochorial placental barriers are present, respectively, in human, dog and sheep. The type of placental barrier has been associated with the probability of transmission of pathogens. In this study, we used experimental placental ex vivo infection models of T. cruzi and T. gondii in the above-mentioned mammals in order to study tissue alterations and to compare infection efficiency. Here, we infected placental term explants from human, dog and sheep and analyzed tissue damage by standard histological and histochemical methods. Comparative infection efficiency was determined by quantitative PCR. Both parasites are able to infect the different placental explants; however, more T. gondii parasites were detected, and T. gondii causes a more severe tissue damage in human and canine explants than T. cruzi. The histopathological changes observed in ovine placenta explants were similar in presence of both parasites. We conclude that the infection efficiency of T. gondii is higher, compared to T. cruzi, during the ex vivo infection of human, canine and ovine placental explants. In addition, the ex vivo infection of mammalian placental explants constitutes an interesting experimental approach to study part of the infection mechanisms as well as host responses during congenital infection of both parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Liempi
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Castillo
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisvaneth Medina
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Norbel Galanti
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Diego Maya
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victor Hugo Parraguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ulrike Kemmerling
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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14
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Palanker ND, Lee CT, Weltman RL, Tribble GD, van der Hoeven R, Hong J, Wang B. Antimicrobial Efficacy Assessment of Human Derived Composite Amnion-Chorion Membrane. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15600. [PMID: 31666625 PMCID: PMC6821917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human derived composite amnion-chorion membrane (ACM) has been used to facilitate wound healing due to reported anti-inflammatory properties and promotion of cell proliferation. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial properties of the ACM using novel methods to visualize the antimicrobial efficacy of membranes in situ at different time points. Porcine Pericardium Collagen Membranes (PPCM) served as membrane controls. Circular pieces of the membranes were used in three different assays: insert, agar contact and glass-bottom well assays. Streptococcus gordonii were spotted onto the membranes and the plates were subsequently centrifuged to ensure direct bacterial contact with the membranes in the insert and agar contact assays, thus better mimicking bacterial adherence in the oral cavity. After incubation at 37 °C for 8, 24, and 48 hours, the membranes were dyed with the Live/Dead BacLight Bacterial Viability fluorescence stain and analyzed via confocal microscopy. The results demonstrated that the ACM completely inhibited bacterial growth at all time points, whereas the PPCM did not demonstrate any antimicrobial properties. Within the limits of this study, the ACM showed extremely high antimicrobial efficacy against oral streptococci. In addition, our methods may be useful in assessing antimicrobial properties for biomaterials with minimum diffusion ability, when traditional assessment methods are not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Palanker
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA
| | - Chun-Teh Lee
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA
| | - Robin L Weltman
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA
| | - Gena D Tribble
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA
| | - Ransome van der Hoeven
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA
| | - Jianming Hong
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA
| | - Bingyan Wang
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA.
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15
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Olmos-Ortiz A, García-Quiroz J, Avila E, Caldiño-Soto F, Halhali A, Larrea F, Díaz L. Lipopolysaccharide and cAMP modify placental calcitriol biosynthesis reducing antimicrobial peptides gene expression. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 79:e12841. [PMID: 29493045 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Calcitriol, the hormonal form of vitamin D3 (VD), stimulates placental antimicrobial peptides expression; nonetheless, the regulation of calcitriol biosynthesis in the presence of bacterial products and its consequence on placental innate immunity have scarcely been addressed. METHOD OF STUDY We investigated how some bacterial products modify placental VD metabolism and its ability to induce antimicrobial peptides gene expression. RESULTS Cultured human trophoblasts biosynthesized calcitriol only in the presence of its precursor calcidiol, a process that was inhibited by cyclic-AMP but stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Intracrine calcitriol upregulated cathelicidin, S100A9, and β-defensins (HBDs) gene expression, while LPS further stimulated HBD2 and S100A9. Unexpectedly, LPS significantly repressed cathelicidin basal mRNA levels and drastically diminished calcidiol ability to induce it. Meanwhile, cyclic-AMP, which is used by many microbes to avoid host defenses, suppressed calcitriol biosynthesis, resulting in significant inhibition of most VD-dependent microbicidal peptides gene expression. CONCLUSION While LPS stimulated calcitriol biosynthesis, cyclic-AMP inhibited it. LPS downregulated cathelicidin mRNA expression, whereas cyclic-AMP antagonized VD-dependent-upregulation of most antimicrobial peptides. These findings reveal LPS and cyclic-AMP involvement in dampening placental innate immunity, highlighting the importance of cyclic-AMP in the context of placental infection and suggesting its participation to facilitate bacterial survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Olmos-Ortiz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Janice García-Quiroz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Euclides Avila
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Felipe Caldiño-Soto
- División de Obstetricia, UMAE Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 4 "Luis Castelazo Ayala", IMSS, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ali Halhali
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Fernando Larrea
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
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16
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Altmäe S, Segura MT, Esteban FJ, Bartel S, Brandi P, Irmler M, Beckers J, Demmelmair H, López-Sabater C, Koletzko B, Krauss-Etschmann S, Campoy C. Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Obesity Is Associated with Altered Placental Transcriptome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169223. [PMID: 28125591 PMCID: PMC5268451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity has a major impact on pregnancy outcomes. There is growing evidence that maternal obesity has a negative influence on placental development and function, thereby adversely influencing offspring programming and health outcomes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are poorly understood. We analysed ten term placenta’s whole transcriptomes in obese (n = 5) and normal weight women (n = 5), using the Affymetrix microarray platform. Analyses of expression data were carried out using non-parametric methods. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis showed a clear distinction in placental transcriptome between obese and normal weight women. We identified 72 differentially regulated genes, with most being down-regulated in obesity (n = 61). Functional analyses of the targets using DAVID and IPA confirm the dysregulation of previously identified processes and pathways in the placenta from obese women, including inflammation and immune responses, lipid metabolism, cancer pathways, and angiogenesis. In addition, we detected new molecular aspects of obesity-derived effects on the placenta, involving the glucocorticoid receptor signalling pathway and dysregulation of several genes including CCL2, FSTL3, IGFBP1, MMP12, PRG2, PRL, QSOX1, SERPINE2 and TAC3. Our global gene expression profiling approach demonstrates that maternal obesity creates a unique in utero environment that impairs the placental transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Altmäe
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre of Excellence for Paediatric Research EURISTIKOS and Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail: (SA); (CC)
| | - Maria Teresa Segura
- Centre of Excellence for Paediatric Research EURISTIKOS and Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Sabine Bartel
- Division of Experimental Asthma Research, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Pilar Brandi
- Centre of Excellence for Paediatric Research EURISTIKOS and Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, Freising, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen López-Sabater
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Division of Experimental Asthma Research, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universitaet zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Großhadern, Germany
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Centre of Excellence for Paediatric Research EURISTIKOS and Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Institute of Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail: (SA); (CC)
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17
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Olmos-Ortiz A, García-Quiroz J, López-Marure R, González-Curiel I, Rivas-Santiago B, Olivares A, Avila E, Barrera D, Halhali A, Caldiño F, Larrea F, Díaz L. Evidence of sexual dimorphism in placental vitamin D metabolism: Testosterone inhibits calcitriol-dependent cathelicidin expression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 163:173-82. [PMID: 27210415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Male fetus and neonates show increased immune vulnerability compared to females, which results in a higher risk of perinatal infections. These differences could partially be due to sex steroids differential modulation of vitamin D metabolism; since calcitriol, the most active vitamin D metabolite, regulates immune responses and transcriptionally induces the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin in the human placenta. Calcitriol availability depends on CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 expression, the cytochromes involved in its synthesis and degradation, respectively. However, the effects of testosterone upon these enzymes and the final biological outcome upon the calcitriol-dependent immune-target cathelicidin in the placenta have not been studied. In this study we show that testosterone significantly inhibited CYP27B1 while stimulated CYP24A1 gene expression in cultured trophoblasts. These effects were accompanied by CREB activation through cAMP-independent and androgen receptor-dependent mechanisms. Male placental cotyledons showed reduced basal CYP27B1 and cathelicidin gene expression compared to females (P<0.05). Testosterone concentration was higher in the cord blood of male neonates (P=0.007), whereas cathelicidin levels were lesser compared to females (P=0.002). Altogether our results suggest that male placentas produce less cathelicidin due to decreased calcitriol bioavailability. We propose that the observed sex-dependent differences in placental vitamin D metabolism contribute in fetal responses to infections and could partially explain why the increased male fetuses immune vulnerability. Moreover, gestational hyperandrogenemia could adversely affect placental vitamin D metabolism independently of fetal sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Olmos-Ortiz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080, México City, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán 04360,.Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Janice García-Quiroz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080, México City, Mexico
| | - Rebeca López-Marure
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080,Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irma González-Curiel
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Carr. Guadalajara Km. 6, Ejido la Escondida 98160, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Unidad de Investigación Médica-Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, UIMZ-IMSS, Interior de la Alameda 45, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Aleida Olivares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Medicina Reproductiva, UMAE, Mexico
| | - Euclides Avila
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080, México City, Mexico
| | - David Barrera
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080, México City, Mexico
| | - Ali Halhali
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080, México City, Mexico
| | - Felipe Caldiño
- División de Obstetricia, Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 4 Luis Castelazo Ayala, IMSS, Río Magdalena No. 289, Col. Tizapán, Álvaro Obregón 01090,Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Larrea
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080, México City, Mexico
| | - Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080, México City, Mexico.
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18
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Coyle C, Wheelhouse N, Jacques M, Longbottom D, Svoboda P, Pohl J, Duncan WC, Rae MT, Barlow PG. Ovine trophoblasts express cathelicidin host defence peptide in response to infection. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 117:10-6. [PMID: 27348190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cationic host defence peptides (CHDP; also known as antimicrobial peptides) are key components of the immune response in the female reproductive tract. The role of the placental trophoblast in ovine host defence remains poorly understood. This study characterises expression of genes for cathelicidin and defensin peptides in primary ovine placental tissues, the ovine trophoblast cell line (AH-1) and in response to the TLR-4 ligand LPS, the abortifacient organism Waddlia chondrophila and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Using RT-PCR, expression of the CHDP SMAP-29, sBD-1 and sBD-2 was assessed in the AH-1 cell line in response to LPS, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exposure (a known stimulator of cathelicidin gene expression), or W. chondrophila infection. Expression of cathelicidin in the trophoblast compartment of the ovine placenta and in the ovine trophoblast cell line (AH-1) was also established. AH-1 cells did not upregulate expression of CHDP in response to LPS, but sBD-1 and sBD-2 expression was significantly increased in response to W. chondrophila infection. SMAP-29 expression was not altered by in vitro exposure to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. This study demonstrates that the ovine trophoblast expresses cathelicidins, but does not upregulate expression of CHDP in response to LPS. Ovine trophoblasts are shown to differentially regulate expression of CHDP and lack a demonstrable vitamin D-mediated cathelicidin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Coyle
- School of Life, Sport and Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Wheelhouse
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Maxime Jacques
- School of Life, Sport and Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - David Longbottom
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Pavel Svoboda
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA 30333, United States
| | - Jan Pohl
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA 30333, United States
| | - W Colin Duncan
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queens Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T Rae
- School of Life, Sport and Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - Peter G Barlow
- School of Life, Sport and Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, United Kingdom.
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19
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Akagi H, Imamura Y, Makita Y, Nakamura H, Hasegawa N, Fujiwara SI, Wang PL. Evaluation of Collagen Type-1 Production and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Human Placental Extracts in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.25.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pao-Li Wang
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka Dental University
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20
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Olmos-Ortiz A, Noyola-Martínez N, Barrera D, Zaga-Clavellina V, Avila E, Halhali A, Biruete B, Larrea F, Díaz L. IL-10 inhibits while calcitriol reestablishes placental antimicrobial peptides gene expression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 148:187-93. [PMID: 25088189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
IL-10 and calcitriol help to achieve a successful pregnancy by suppressing active maternal immunity; however, these factors exert opposite effects upon microbial infections. In the skin and immune cells, IL-10 downregulates β-defensins while calcitriol induces cathelicidin gene expression in various tissues including placenta. Though, the regulation of human placental β-defensins by IL-10 and calcitriol has not been studied. Therefore, we explored the regulation of these antimicrobial peptides expression in cultured placental cells by calcitriol and IL-10 alone and combined. Real time PCR showed that calcitriol stimulated, while IL-10 inhibited, β-defensins and cathelicidin gene expression (P<0.05). In coincubations studies, calcitriol was able to maintain antimicrobial peptides gene expression above control values, overriding IL-10 inhibitory effects. Calcitriol downregulated endogenous IL-10 secretion. Interestingly, calcitriol and TNF-α cooperatively enhanced β-defensins, while TNF-α reduced basal and calcitriol-stimulated cathelicidin gene expression. In summary, calcitriol and IL-10 exerted opposite effects on antimicrobial peptides expression in the human placenta, suggesting that unbalanced production of IL-10 and calcitriol could be deleterious to innate immune responses during gestation. Our results suggest that calcitriol enhancement of placental defenses involves two mechanisms: (1) downregulation of IL-10 secretion and (2) direct upregulation of β-defensins and cathelicidin gene expression. Considering that IL-10 and calcitriol differentially regulate the innate immune response in the placenta, in the case of an infection, calcitriol might restrict IL-10 permissive actions towards microbial invasion while restrains inflammation, allowing for pregnancy to continue in quiescence. These results strongly advice maternal vitamin D sufficiency during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Olmos-Ortiz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, México City, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico
| | - Nancy Noyola-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, México City, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico
| | - David Barrera
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, México City, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico
| | - Verónica Zaga-Clavellina
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Montes Urales No. 800, México City, Col. Lomas de Virreyes 11000, Mexico
| | - Euclides Avila
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, México City, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico
| | - Ali Halhali
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, México City, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Biruete
- División de Obstetricia, Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia del IMSS "Luis Castelazo Ayala", Río Magdalena No. 289, México City, Tizapán 01090, Mexico
| | - Fernando Larrea
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, México City, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico
| | - Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, México City, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico.
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21
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Wujcicka W, Wilczyński J, Nowakowska D. Alterations in TLRs as new molecular markers of congenital infections with Human cytomegalovirus? Pathog Dis 2013; 70:3-16. [PMID: 23929630 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in non-specific immunity against various infections. The most common intrauterine infection, caused by Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), results in perinatal morbidity and mortality of primary infected fetuses. The induction of immune response by TLRs was observed in HCMV infections in murine models and cell lines cultured in vitro. Studies reported an immunological response in pregnant women with primary HCMV infection and TLR2 activity in collecting of HCMV particles in placental syncytiotrophoblasts (STs) in vivo and cultured ST, and in stimulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression and damage of villous trophoblast. Expression levels of TLRs are associated with cell type, stage of pregnancy and response to microorganisms. We show the effect of HCMV infection on the development of pregnancy as well as the effect of TLR single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the occurrence and course of infectious diseases, immune response and diseases of pregnancy. We report the impact of TLRs on the function of miRNAs and the altered expression levels of these molecules, as observed in HCMV infections. We suggest that the methylation status of TLR gene promoter regions as epigenetic modifications may be significant in the immune response to HCMV infections. We conclude that it is important to study in detail the molecular mechanisms of TLR function in the immune response to HCMV infections in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Wujcicka
- Department of Fetal-Maternal Medicine and Gynecology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
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22
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Castillo C, Ramírez G, Valck C, Aguilar L, Maldonado I, Rosas C, Galanti N, Kemmerling U, Ferreira A. The interaction of classical complement component C1 with parasite and host calreticulin mediates Trypanosoma cruzi infection of human placenta. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2376. [PMID: 23991234 PMCID: PMC3749977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 9 million people are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi in Latin America, plus more than 300,000 in the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, and Japan. Approximately 30% of infected individuals develop circulatory or digestive pathology. While in underdeveloped countries transmission is mainly through hematophagous arthropods, transplacental infection prevails in developed ones. Methodology/Principal Findings During infection, T. cruzi calreticulin (TcCRT) translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum to the area of flagellum emergence. There, TcCRT acts as virulence factor since it binds maternal classical complement component C1q that recognizes human calreticulin (HuCRT) in placenta, with increased parasite infectivity. As measured ex vivo by quantitative PCR in human placenta chorionic villi explants (HPCVE) (the closest available correlate of human congenital T. cruzi infection), C1q mediated up to a 3–5-fold increase in parasite load. Because anti-TcCRT and anti-HuCRT F(ab′)2 antibody fragments are devoid of their Fc-dependent capacity to recruit C1q, they reverted the C1q-mediated increase in parasite load by respectively preventing its interaction with cell-bound CRTs from both parasite and HPCVE origins. The use of competing fluid-phase recombinant HuCRT and F(ab′)2 antibody fragments anti-TcCRT corroborated this. These results are consistent with a high expression of fetal CRT on placental free chorionic villi. Increased C1q-mediated infection is paralleled by placental tissue damage, as evidenced by histopathology, a damage that is ameliorated by anti-TcCRT F(ab′)2 antibody fragments or fluid-phase HuCRT. Conclusions/Significance T. cruzi infection of HPCVE is importantly mediated by human and parasite CRTs and C1q. Most likely, C1q bridges CRT on the parasite surface with its receptor orthologue on human placental cells, thus facilitating the first encounter between the parasite and the fetal derived placental tissue. The results presented here have several potential translational medicine aspects, specifically related with the capacity of antibody fragments to inhibit the C1q/CRT interactions and thus T. cruzi infectivity. The Trypanosoma cruzi protozoan infects 9 million people in Latin America and increasing numbers in North America, Europe, Australia, and Japan. It is an important neglected parasitic disease in the Americas with no safe treatment available. One third of those infected develops incapacitating pathology. While in poor countries transmission of the parasite is mainly through blood feeding insects, transplacental infection is increasingly important in developed regions. Herein we show that T. cruzi calreticulin (TcCRT), a multifunctional protein, exteriorized by the parasite, mediates infection of human placenta, since it binds human complement component C1, a “danger signal” detector. (Complement is an innate immune defense system, with more than 40 plasma or membrane-bound proteins). However, in a parasite strategy, maternal C1 is utilized to infect placenta. Fetal calreticulin (HuCRT) is also easily detectable in placental tissues that are in direct contact with maternal blood. Thus, C1q by bridging parasite and HuCRT mediates high increases in cultured placental tissue infection with damaging consequences. Complete reversion of C1-mediated infection and a decreased placental damage, is observed in the presence of anti-TcCRT and anti-HuCRT antibody fragments, or fluid-phase competing HuCRT. It remains to be determined whether these mechanisms also operate in other intracellular protozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Castillo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Wujcicka W, Wilczyński J, Nowakowska D. SNPs in toll-like receptor (TLR) genes as new genetic alterations associated with congenital toxoplasmosis? Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 32:503-11. [PMID: 23161283 PMCID: PMC3589654 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-012-1763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 40 % of pregnant women are infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Primary infections in pregnant women result, in approximately 30–50 % of patients, in transmission of T. gondii through the placenta to the fetus and then in congenital infections with severe, sometimes fatal course. Studies still do not provide sufficient data on the genetic bases of the immunity in fetuses, newborns, and infants with congenital toxoplasmosis. Previous research showed the contribution of toll-like receptors (TLRs) to non-specific immunity against T. gondii invasion, observed in T. gondii-infected animals, especially mice. So far, the activity of TLRs in defense against T. gondii infections was observed particularly for TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 molecules. Differential TLR activity associates with both cell types, including a variety of placental cells and stage of pregnancy. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) residing in three genes encoding these receptors were reported as significant genetic modifications of TLRs associated with different pregnancy disorders. Despite those data, genetic alterations of TLRs which have contributed to innate immune response against T. gondii infections are still not precisely described. In this article, we present reasons for the research of the plausible role of SNPs residing in TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 genes in congenital toxoplasmosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wujcicka
- Department of Fetal-Maternal Medicine and Gynecology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska Street, Lodz 93-338, Poland
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Tambor V, Kacerovsky M, Andrys C, Musilova I, Hornychova H, Pliskova L, Link M, Stulik J, Lenco J. Amniotic fluid cathelicidin in PPROM pregnancies: from proteomic discovery to assessing its potential in inflammatory complications diagnosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41164. [PMID: 22815956 PMCID: PMC3399859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) complicated by microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) leading to histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) significantly impacts perinatal morbidity. Unfortunately, no well-established tool for identifying PPROM patients threatened by these disorders is available. Methodology/Principal Findings We performed an unbiased exploratory analysis of amniotic fluid proteome changes due to MIAC and HCA. From among the top five proteins that showed the most profound and significant change, we sought to confirm results concerning cathelicidin (P49913, CAMP_HUMAN), since an ELISA kit was readily available for this protein. In our exploratory proteomic study, cathelicidin showed a ∼6-fold higher concentration in PPROM patients with confirmed MIAC and HCA. We verified significantly higher levels of cathelicidin in exploratory samples (women without both MIAC and HCA: median 1.4 ng/ml; women with both conditions confirmed: median 3.6 ng/ml; p = 0.0003). A prospective replication cohort was used for independent validation and for assessment of cathelicidin potential to stratify women with MIAC leading to HCA from women in whom at least one of these conditions was ruled out. We confirmed the association of higher amniotic fluid cathelicidin levels with MIAC leading to HCA (the presence of both MIAC and HCA: median 3.1 ng/ml; other women: median 1.4 ng/ml; p<0.0001). A cathelicidin concentration of 4.0 ng/ml was found to be the best cut-off point for identifying PPROM women with both MIAC and HCA. When tested on the validation cohort, a sensitivity of 48%, a specificity of 90%, a likelihood ratio of 5.0, and an area under receiver-operating characteristic curve of 71% were achieved for identification of women with MIAC leading to HCA. Conclusions Our multi-stage study suggests cathelicidin as a candidate marker that should be considered for a panel of amniotic fluid proteins permitting identification of PPROM women with MIAC leading to HCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Tambor
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Kacerovsky
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ctirad Andrys
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Musilova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Studies, Pardubice University, Hospital Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Hornychova
- Fingerland’s Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Pliskova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Link
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Stulik
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Lenco
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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25
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Rosen CJ, Adams JS, Bikle DD, Black DM, Demay MB, Manson JE, Murad MH, Kovacs CS. The nonskeletal effects of vitamin D: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. Endocr Rev 2012; 33:456-92. [PMID: 22596255 PMCID: PMC3365859 DOI: 10.1210/er.2012-1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significant controversy has emerged over the last decade concerning the effects of vitamin D on skeletal and nonskeletal tissues. The demonstration that the vitamin D receptor is expressed in virtually all cells of the body and the growing body of observational data supporting a relationship of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D to chronic metabolic, cardiovascular, and neoplastic diseases have led to widespread utilization of vitamin D supplementation for the prevention and treatment of numerous disorders. In this paper, we review both the basic and clinical aspects of vitamin D in relation to nonskeletal organ systems. We begin by focusing on the molecular aspects of vitamin D, primarily by examining the structure and function of the vitamin D receptor. This is followed by a systematic review according to tissue type of the inherent biological plausibility, the strength of the observational data, and the levels of evidence that support or refute an association between vitamin D levels or supplementation and maternal/child health as well as various disease states. Although observational studies support a strong case for an association between vitamin D and musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, neoplastic, and metabolic disorders, there remains a paucity of large-scale and long-term randomized clinical trials. Thus, at this time, more studies are needed to definitively conclude that vitamin D can offer preventive and therapeutic benefits across a wide range of physiological states and chronic nonskeletal disorders.
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