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Chen J, Yang S, Fu M, He Y, Zeng H. Abscisic Acid Regulates the Occurrence and Recovery of the Striped Leaf Phenotype in Response to Lacking Light at the Base of Sheath in Rice by Modulating Carbohydrate Metabolism. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2090. [PMID: 39124208 PMCID: PMC11314377 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Rice B03S mutants with intermittent leaf discoloration were developed from the photoperiod- and thermosensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) rice line Efeng 1S. After these plants were deeply transplanted, the new leaves manifested typical stripe patterns. In this study, deep and shallow transplantation of B03S was carried out, and aluminum shading was performed directly on the leaf sheath. It was determined that the reason for the appearance of the striped leaf trait was that the base of leaf sheath lacked light, at which time the sheath transformed from the source organ to the sink organ in rice. To elucidate the related metabolic changes in glycometabolism and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation in the leaf sheath, ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) combined with transcriptome and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) validation were used for analysis after deep and shallow transplantation. The result indicates that the leaf sheath may need to compete with the new leaves for sucrose produced by the photosynthesis of old leaves in response to lacking light at the base of sheath. Moreover, the ABA content increases in the leaf sheath when the gene expression of ABA2 and AAO1 is upregulated at the same time, enhancing the plant's resistance to the adverse condition of shading at the leaf sheath. Furthermore, exogenous spraying of B03S with ABA solution was carried out to help recovery under shading stress. The result indicates that the synthesis of endogenous ABA in the leaf sheath is reduced by spraying ABA. At the same time, ABA regulates sucrose metabolism by inhibiting the expression of the SUS gene. This allows for more sucrose synthesized by the old leaves to be transported to the new leaves, resulting an obvious recovery effect of the strip leaf character due to the re-balance of sugar supply and demand in B03S. These findings improve the understanding of the physiological function and metabolic mechanism of the rice leaf sheath, provide a theoretical basis for uneven leaf coloration in nature, and provide theoretical guidance for rice production via seedling transplantation or direct seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ying He
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.C.); (S.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Hanlai Zeng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.C.); (S.Y.); (M.F.)
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2
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Yan S, Li J, Zhang Q, Jia S, Zhang Q, Wang R, Ju M, Gu P. Transcriptional Response of Wolfberry to Infestation with the Endophytic Fusarium nematophilum Strain NQ8GII4. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1514-1525. [PMID: 38050402 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1397-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium nematophilum NQ8GII4 is an endophytic fungus isolated from the root of healthy wolfberry (Lycium barbarum). Previous studies have reported that NQ8GII4 could dwell in wolfberry roots and enhance the defense responses in wolfberry against root rot, which is caused by F. oxysporum. To further elucidate the molecular mechanism of wolfberry disease resistance induced by NQ8GII4, in the present study, we adopted RNA sequencing analysis to profile the transcriptome of wolfberry response to NQ8GII4 infestation over a time course of 3 and 7 days postinoculation. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in biological regulation, response to stimulus, signaling, detoxification, immune system process, transporter activity, electron carrier activity, transcription factor activity, nucleic acid binding transcription factor, and antioxidant activity. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, it was found that many of these DEGs were enriched in pathways related to plant-pathogen interactions, hormone signal transduction, and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in wolfberry. This result suggested that innate immunity, phytohormone signaling, and numerous phenylpropanoid compounds comprise a complex defense network in wolfberry. Chloroplast 50S ribosomal proteins were consistently located at the core position of the response in wolfberry following infestation with NQ8GII4 analyzed by the protein-protein interaction network. This study elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between NQ8GII4 and wolfberry, clarified the wolfberry immune response network to endophytic fungi infestation, identified candidate resistance genes in wolfberry, and provided a fundamental date for subsequent work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Yan
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Qingchen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - Shuxin Jia
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhang
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Ruotong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Mingxiu Ju
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Peiwen Gu
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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3
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Fan J, Zhang H, Shi Y, Li Y, He Y, Wang Q, Liu S, Yao Y, Zhou X, Liao J, Huang Y, Wang Z. Systematic identification and characterization of microRNAs with target genes involved in high night temperature stress at the filling stage of rice. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14305. [PMID: 38659134 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
High night temperature stress is one of the main environmental factors affecting rice yield and quality. More and more evidence shows that microRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in various abiotic stresses. However, the molecular network of miRNA regulation on rice tolerance to high night temperatures remains unclear. Here, small RNA, transcriptome and degradome sequencing were integrated to identify differentially expressed miRNAs, genes, and key miRNA-target gene pairs in rice heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant lines at the filling stage suffering from high night temperature stress. It was discovered that there were notable differences in the relative expression of 102 miRNAs between the two rice lines under stress. Meanwhile, 5263 and 5405 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the heat-sensitive line and heat-tolerant line, and functional enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were involved in heat-related processes and pathways. The miRNAs-mRNAs target relationship was further verified by degradome sequencing. Eventually, 49 miRNAs-222 mRNAs target pairs with reverse expression patterns showed significant relative expression changes between the heat-tolerant and the heat-sensitive line, being suggested to be responsible for the heat tolerance difference of these two rice lines. Functional analysis of these 222 mRNA transcripts showed that high night temperature-responsive miRNAs targeted these mRNAs involved in many heat-related biological processes, such as transcription regulation, chloroplast regulation, mitochondrion regulation, protein folding, hormone regulation and redox process. This study identified possible miRNA-mRNA regulation relationships in response to high night temperature stress in rice and potentially contributed to heat resistance breeding of rice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangmin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yuewu Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yuxiang He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Siyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Youmin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jianglin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yingjin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhaohai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Gebremeskel H, Umer MJ, Hongju Z, Li B, Shengjie Z, Yuan P, Xuqiang L, Nan H, Wenge L. Genetic mapping and molecular characterization of the delayed green gene dg in watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1152644. [PMID: 37152178 PMCID: PMC10158938 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1152644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are common in higher plants that can be used as markers in crop breeding and are important tools in understanding regulatory mechanisms of chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. Genetic analysis was performed by evaluating F1, F2 and BC1 populations derived from two parental lines (Charleston gray with green leaf color and Houlv with delayed green leaf color), suggesting that a single recessive gene controls the delayed green leaf color. In this study, the delayed green mutant showed a conditional pale green leaf color at the early leaf development but turned to green as the leaf development progressed. Delayed green leaf plants showed reduced pigment content, photosynthetic, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and impaired chloroplast development compared with green leaf plants. The delayed green (dg) locus was mapped to 7.48 Mb on chromosome 3 through bulk segregant analysis approach, and the gene controlling delayed green leaf color was narrowed to 53.54 kb between SNP130 and SNP135 markers containing three candidate genes. Sequence alignment of the three genes indicated that there was a single SNP mutation (G/A) in the coding region of ClCG03G010030 in the Houlv parent, which causes an amino acid change from Arginine to Lysine. The ClCG03G010030 gene encoded FtsH extracellular protease protein family is involved in early delayed green leaf development. The expression level of ClCG03G010030 was significantly reduced in delayed green leaf plants than in green leaf plants. These results indicated that the ClCG03G010030 might control watermelon green leaf color and the single SNP variation in ClCG03G010030 may result in early delayed green leaf color development during evolutionary process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haileslassie Gebremeskel
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Horticulture, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Zhu Hongju
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhao Shengjie
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pingli Yuan
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Xuqiang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - He Nan
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liu Wenge
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liu Wenge,
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Li Y, Wang M, Teng K, Dong D, Liu Z, Zhang T, Han L. Transcriptome profiling revealed candidate genes, pathways and transcription factors related to nitrogen utilization and excessive nitrogen stress in perennial ryegrass. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3353. [PMID: 35233054 PMCID: PMC8888628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), a high-quality forage grass, is a good nutrient source for herbivorous livestock. However, improving nitrogen use efficiency and avoiding nitrate toxicity caused by excessive nitrogen are continual challenges in ryegrass production. The molecular mechanism underlying the response of ryegrass to nitrogen, especially excessive nitrogen, remains unclear. In this study, the transcriptomic changes under different nitrogen levels were investigated in perennial ryegrass by high-throughput next-generation RNA sequencing. Phenotypic characterization showed that treatment with half of the standard N concentration (N0.5) led to a better growth state than the other three treatments. The treatments with the standard N concentration (N1) and treatments with ten times higher than the standard N concentration (N10) contained excessive nitrogen, which placed stress on plant growth. Analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated that 345 and 104 genes are involved in the regulation of nitrogen utilization and excessive nitrogen stress, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that "photosynthesis-antenna proteins" may respond positively to appropriate nitrogen conditions, whereas "steroid biosynthesis", "carotenoid biosynthesis" and "C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism" were identified as the top significantly enriched pathways in response to excessive nitrogen. Additionally, 21 transcription factors (TFs) related to nitrogen utilization were classified into 10 families, especially the AP2-EREBP and MYB TF families. Four TFs related to excessive nitrogen stress were identified, including LOBs, NACs, AP2-EREBPs and HBs. The expression patterns of these selected genes were also analyzed. These results provide new insight into the regulatory mechanism of ryegrass in response to nitrogen utilization and excessive nitrogen stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinruizhi Li
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Teng
- Beijing Research and Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Dong
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuocheng Liu
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Liebao Han
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
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Liang J, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Zhang J, Wang W, Zhang Z. Chlorosis seedling lethality 1 encoding a MAP3K protein is essential for chloroplast development in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:20. [PMID: 34991480 PMCID: PMC8734211 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are conserved signaling modules in eukaryotic organisms and play essential roles in immunity and stress responses. However, the role of MAPKs in chloroplast development remains to be evidently established. RESULTS In this study, a rice chlorosis seedling lethality 1 (csl1) mutant with a Zhonghua11 (ZH11, japonica) background was isolated. Seedlings of the mutant were characterized by chlorotic leaves and death after the trefoil stage, and chloroplasts were observed to contain accumulated starch granules. Molecular cloning revealed that OsCSL1 encoded a MAPK kinase kinase22 (MKKK22) targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and functional complementation of OsCSL1 was found to restore the normal phenotype in csl1 plants. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used for targeted disruption of OsCSL1, and the OsCSL1-Cas9 lines obtained therein exhibited yellow seedlings which phenocopied the csl1 mutant. CSL1/MKKK22 was observed to establish direct interaction with MKK4, and altered expression of MKK1 and MKK4 was detected in the csl1 mutant. Additionally, disruption of OsCSL1 led to reduced expression of chloroplast-associated genes, including chlorophyll biosynthetic genes, plastid-encoded RNA polymerases, nuclear-encoded RNA polymerase, and nuclear-encoded chloroplast genes. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study revealed that OsCSL1 played roles in regulating the expression of multiple chloroplast synthesis-related genes, thereby affecting their functions, and leading to wide-ranging defects, including chlorotic seedlings and severely disrupted chloroplasts containing accumulated starch granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yiran Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zemin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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He F, Shi YJ, Chen Q, Li JL, Niu MX, Feng CH, Lu MM, Tian FF, Zhang F, Lin TT, Chen LH, Liu QL, Wan XQ. Genome-Wide Investigation of the PtrCHLP Family Reveals That PtrCHLP3 Actively Mediates Poplar Growth and Development by Regulating Photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:870970. [PMID: 35620683 PMCID: PMC9127975 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.870970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) plays a crucial role in plant photosynthesis. The geranylgeraniol reductase gene (CHLP) participates in the terminal hydrogenation of chlorophyll biosynthesis. Although there are many studies related to the genome-wide analysis of Populus trichocarpa, little research has been conducted on CHLP family genes, especially those concerning growth and photosynthesis. In this study, three CHLP genes were identified in Populus. The evolutionary tree indicated that the CHLP family genes were divided into six groups. Moreover, one pair of genes was derived from segmental duplications in Populus. Many elements related to growth were detected by cis-acting element analysis of the promoters of diverse PtrCHLPs. Furthermore, PtrCHLPs exhibit different tissue expression patterns. In addition, PtrCHLP3 is preferentially expressed in the leaves and plays an important role in regulating chlorophyll biosynthesis. Silencing of PtrCHLP3 in poplar resulted in a decrease in chlorophyll synthesis in plants, thus blocking electron transport during photosynthesis. Furthermore, inhibition of PtrCHLP3 expression in poplar can inhibit plant growth through the downregulation of photosynthesis. Ultimately, PtrCHLP3 formed a co-expression network with photosynthesis and chlorophyll biosynthesis-related genes, which synergistically affected the growth and photosynthesis of poplars. Thus, this study provides genetic resources for the improved breeding of fast-growing tree traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Jie Shi
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Lin Li
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng-Xue Niu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong-Hua Feng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Meng Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei-Fei Tian
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian-Tian Lin
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang-Hua Chen
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin-lin Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Qin Wan
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xue-Qin Wan,
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Baldoni E, Frugis G, Martinelli F, Benny J, Paffetti D, Buti M. A Comparative Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis Revealed Conserved Key Genes and Regulatory Networks Involved in Drought Tolerance in Cereal Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13062. [PMID: 34884864 PMCID: PMC8657901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought affects plant growth and development, causing severe yield losses, especially in cereal crops. The identification of genes involved in drought tolerance is crucial for the development of drought-tolerant crops. The aim of this study was to identify genes that are conserved key players for conferring drought tolerance in cereals. By comparing the transcriptomic changes between tolerant and susceptible genotypes in four Gramineae species, we identified 69 conserved drought tolerant-related (CDT) genes that are potentially involved in the drought tolerance of all of the analysed species. The CDT genes are principally involved in stress response, photosynthesis, chlorophyll biogenesis, secondary metabolism, jasmonic acid signalling, and cellular transport. Twenty CDT genes are not yet characterized and can be novel candidates for drought tolerance. The k-means clustering analysis of expression data highlighted the prominent roles of photosynthesis and leaf senescence-related mechanisms in differentiating the drought response between tolerant and sensitive genotypes. In addition, we identified specific transcription factors that could regulate the expression of photosynthesis and leaf senescence-related genes. Our analysis suggests that the balance between the induction of leaf senescence and maintenance of photosynthesis during drought plays a major role in tolerance. Fine-tuning of CDT gene expression modulation by specific transcription factors can be the key to improving drought tolerance in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Baldoni
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Frugis
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Rome Unit, Via Salaria Km. 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy;
| | - Federico Martinelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Jubina Benny
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Donatella Paffetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144 Florence, Italy;
| | - Matteo Buti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144 Florence, Italy;
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9
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Yang S, Fang G, Zhang A, Ruan B, Jiang H, Ding S, Liu C, Zhang Y, Jaha N, Hu P, Xu Z, Gao Z, Wang J, Qian Q. Rice EARLY SENESCENCE 2, encoding an inositol polyphosphate kinase, is involved in leaf senescence. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:393. [PMID: 32847519 PMCID: PMC7449006 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early leaf senescence influences yield and yield quality by affecting plant growth and development. A series of leaf senescence-associated molecular mechanisms have been reported in rice. However, the complex genetic regulatory networks that control leaf senescence need to be elucidated. RESULTS In this study, an early senescence 2 (es2) mutant was obtained from ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis (EMS)-induced mutational library for the Japonica rice cultivar Wuyugeng 7 (WYG7). Leaves of es2 showed early senescence at the seedling stage and became severe at the tillering stage. The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly increased, while chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, catalase (CAT) activity significantly decreased in the es2 mutant. Moreover, genes which related to senescence, ROS and chlorophyll degradation were up-regulated, while those associated with photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis were down-regulated in es2 mutant compared to WYG7. The ES2 gene, which encodes an inositol polyphosphate kinase (OsIPK2), was fine mapped to a 116.73-kb region on chromosome 2. DNA sequencing of ES2 in the mutant revealed a missense mutation, ES2 was localized to nucleus and plasma membrane of cells, and expressed in various tissues of rice. Complementation test and overexpression experiment confirmed that ES2 completely restored the normal phenotype, with chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic rate increased comparable with the wild type. These results reveal the new role of OsIPK2 in regulating leaf senescence in rice and therefore will provide additional genetic evidence on the molecular mechanisms controlling early leaf senescence. CONCLUSIONS The ES2 gene, encoding an inositol polyphosphate kinase localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane of cells, is essential for leaf senescence in rice. Further study of ES2 will facilitate the dissection of the genetic mechanisms underlying early leaf senescence and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guonan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Anpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Banpu Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Noushin Jaha
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Color mutation is a common, easily identifiable phenomenon in higher plants. Color mutations usually affect the photosynthetic efficiency of plants, resulting in poor growth and economic losses. Therefore, leaf color mutants have been unwittingly eliminated in recent years. Recently, however, with the development of society, the application of leaf color mutants has become increasingly widespread. Leaf color mutants are ideal materials for studying pigment metabolism, chloroplast development and differentiation, photosynthesis and other pathways that could also provide important information for improving varietal selection. In this review, we summarize the research on leaf color mutants, such as the functions and mechanisms of leaf color mutant-related genes, which affect chlorophyll synthesis, chlorophyll degradation, chloroplast development and anthocyanin metabolism. We also summarize two common methods for mapping and cloning related leaf color mutation genes using Map-based cloning and RNA-seq, and we discuss the existing problems and propose future research directions for leaf color mutants, which provide a reference for the study and application of leaf color mutants in the future.
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Shi Y, He Y, Lv X, Wei Y, Zhang X, Xu X, Li L, Wu JL. Chloroplast SRP54s are Essential for Chloroplast Development in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:54. [PMID: 32761436 PMCID: PMC7410889 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chloroplast signal recognition particle 54 (cpSRP54) is known for targeting the light-harvesting complex proteins to thylakoids and plays a critical role for chloroplast development in Arabidopsis, but little is known in rice. Here, we reported two homologous cpSRP54s that affect chloroplast development and plant survival in rice. RESULTS Two rice cpSRP54 homologues, OscpSRP54a and OscpSRP54b, were identified in present study. The defective OscpSRP54a (LOC_Os11g05552) was responsible for the pale green leaf phenotype of the viable pale green leaf 14 (pgl14) mutant. A single nucleotide substitution from G to A at the position 278, the first intron splicing site, was detected in LOC_Os11g05552 in pgl14. The wild type allele could rescue the mutant phenotype. Knockout lines of OscpSRP54b (LOC_Os11g05556) exhibited similar pale green phenotype to pgl14 with reduced chlorophyll contents and impaired chloroplast development, but showed apparently arrested-growth and died within 3 weeks. Both OscpSRP54a and OscpSRP54b were constitutively expressed mainly in shoots and leaves at the vegetative growth stage. Subcellular location indicated that both OscpSRP54a and OscpSRP54b were chloroplast-localized. Both OscpSRP54a and OscpSRP54b were able to interact with OscpSRP43, respectively. The transcript level of OscpSRP43 was significantly reduced while the transcript level of OscpSRP54b was apparently increased in pgl14. In contrast, the transcript levels of OscpSRP54a, OscpSRP43 and OscpSRP54b were all significantly decreased in OscpSRP54b knockout lines. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that both OscpSRP54a and OscpSRP54b were essential for normal chloroplast development by interacting with OscpSRP43 in rice. OscpSRP54a and OscpSRP54b might play distinct roles in transporting different chloroplast proteins into thylakoids through cpSRP-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Xiangguang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yanlin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Xia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Liangjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Jian-li Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
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12
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Hu L, Zhang H, Xie C, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang H, Weng Y, Chen P, Li Y. A mutation in CsHD encoding a histidine and aspartic acid domain-containing protein leads to yellow young leaf-1 (yyl-1) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 293:110407. [PMID: 32081257 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are an ideal tool to study chlorophyll biosynthesis, chloroplast development and photosynthesis. In this study, we identified an EMS-induced yellow young leaf mutant C777. The mutant exhibited yellow cotyledons and emerging true leaves with stay-green dots that turn green gradually with leaf growth. Segregation analysis in several populations indicated that the mutant C777 was controlled by a recessive gene yyl-1. Fine mapping delimited the yyl-1 locus to a 45.3 kb region harboring 8 putative genes, but only one SNP (G to A) was identified between C777 and its wild-type parental line in this region which occurred in the 13th exon of CsHD that encodes a histidine and aspartic acid (HD) domain containing protein. This nonsense mutation introduced a stop codon and thus a premature protein. Uniqueness of this mutant allele was verified in 515 cucumber lines. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed significantly reduced expression of CsHD gene in the mutant. Further, silencing the NbHD gene by VIGS in tobacco resulted in virescent young leaves and significantly down-regulated expression of HD gene. These results strongly supported the association of the CsHD gene with the virescent young leaf phenotype in C777. This is the first report to clone and characterize the CsHD gene in the horticultural crops. The results may help understand the functions of the HD gene in chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Haiqiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chen Xie
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China.
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Li B, Zhao S, Dou J, Ali A, Gebremeskel H, Gao L, He N, Lu X, Liu W. Genetic mapping and development of molecular markers for a candidate gene locus controlling rind color in watermelon. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:2741-2753. [PMID: 31286160 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ClCG08G017810 (ClCGMenG) encoding a 2-phytyl-1,4-beta-naphthoquinone methyltransferase protein is associated with formation of dark green versus light green rind color in watermelon. Rind color is an important agronomic trait in watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai], but the underlying molecular mechanism for this trait is not fully known. In the present study, we identified a single locus on chromosome 8 accounting for watermelon rind color (dark green vs. light green). Genetic analysis of F1, F2, and BC1 populations derived from two parental lines (9904 with dark green rind and Handel with light green rind) revealed that the watermelon rind color (dark green vs. light green) is controlled by a single locus, and dark green is dominant to light green rind. Initial mapping revealed a region of interest spanning 2.07 Mb on chromosome 8. Genetic mapping with CAPS and SNP markers narrowed down the candidate region to 31.4 kb. Gene annotation of the corresponding region in the reference genome revealed the ClCG08G017810 gene sequence encoding the 2-phytyl-1,4-beta-naphthoquinone methyltransferase protein. The sequence alignment of the candidate gene with the two parental lines suggested a nonsynonymous SNP mutation in the coding region of ClCG08G017810, converting an arginine (R) to glycine (G). The SNP might be associated with rind color of 103 watermelon germplasm lines investigated in this study. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed higher expression of ClCG08G017810 in dark green rind than in light green rind. Therefore, ClCG08G017810 is a candidate gene associated with watermelon rind color. The present study facilitates marker-assisted selection useful for the development of cultivars with desirable rind color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Shengjie Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Junling Dou
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Aslam Ali
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Haileslassie Gebremeskel
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Nan He
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Xuqiang Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
| | - Wenge Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
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14
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Wang B, Zhang Y, Bi Z, Liu Q, Xu T, Yu N, Cao Y, Zhu A, Wu W, Zhan X, Anis GB, Yu P, Chen D, Cheng S, Cao L. Impaired Function of the Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase, OsCPK12, Leads to Early Senescence in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:52. [PMID: 30778363 PMCID: PMC6369234 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Premature leaf senescence affects plant yield and quality, and numerous researches about it have been conducted until now. In this study, we identified an early senescent mutant es4 in rice (Oryza sativa L.); early senescence appeared approximately at 60 dps and became increasingly senescent with the growth of es4 mutant. We detected that content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were elevated, while chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, activity of catalase (CAT), activity of peroxidase (POD) and photosynthetic rate were reduced in the es4 mutant leaves. We mapped es4 in a 33.5 Kb physical distance on chromosome 4 by map-based cloning. Sequencing analysis in target interval indicated there was an eight bases deletion mutation in OsCPK12 which encoded a calcium-dependent protein kinase. Functional complementation of OsCPK12 in es4 completely restored the normal phenotype. We used CRISPR/Cas9 for targeted disruption of OsCPK12 in ZH8015 and all the mutants exhibited the premature senescence. All the results indicated that the phenotype of es4 was caused by the mutation of OsCPK12. Overexpression of OsCPK12 in ZH8015 enhanced the net photosynthetic rate (P n) and chlorophyll content. OsCPK12 was mainly expressed in green organs. The results of qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of some key genes involved in senescence, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photosynthesis were significantly altered in the es4 mutant. Our results demonstrate that the mutant of OsCPK12 triggers the premature leaf senescence; however, the overexpression of OsCPK12 may delay its growth period and provide the potentially positive effect on productivity in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beifang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Bi
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qunen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongrun Cao
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aike Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong, China
| | - Weixun Wu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodeng Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Galal Bakr Anis
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daibo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shihua Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyong Cao
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Dafni E, Weiner I, Shahar N, Tuller T, Yacoby I. Image-Processing Software for High-Throughput Quantification of Colony Luminescence. mSphere 2019; 4:e00676-18. [PMID: 30602526 PMCID: PMC6315083 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00676-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many microbiological assays include colonies that produce a luminescent or fluorescent (here generalized as "luminescent") signal, often in the form of luminescent halos around the colonies. These signals are used as reporters for a trait of interest; therefore, exact measurements of the luminescence are often desired. However, there is currently a lack of high-throughput methods for analyzing these assays, as common automatic image analysis tools are unsuitable for identifying these halos in the presence of the inherent biological noise. In this work, we have developed CFQuant-automatic, high-throughput software for the analysis of images from colony luminescence assays. CFQuant overcomes the problems of automatic identification by relying on the luminescence halo's expected shape and provides measurements of several features of the colonies and halos. We examined the performance of CFQuant using one such colony luminescence assay, where we achieved a high correlation (R = 0.85) between the measurements of CFQuant and known protein expression levels. This demonstrates CFQuant's potential as a fast and reliable tool for analysis of colony luminescence assays.IMPORTANCE Luminescent markers are widely used as reporters for various biologically interesting traits. In colony luminescence assays, the levels of luminescence around each colony can be used to compare the levels of traits of interest for different strains, treatments, etc., using quantitative measurements of the luminescence. However, automatic methods of obtaining this data are underdeveloped, making this a laborious manual process, especially in analyzing large numbers of colonies. The significance of this work is in developing an automatic, high-throughput tool for quantitative analysis of colony luminescence assays, which will allow fast collection of qualitative data from these assays and thus increase their overall usability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Dafni
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iddo Weiner
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Shahar
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamir Tuller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iftach Yacoby
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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16
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Li B, Lu X, Dou J, Aslam A, Gao L, Zhao S, He N, Liu W. Construction of A High-Density Genetic Map and Mapping of Fruit Traits in Watermelon ( Citrullus Lanatus L.) Based on Whole-Genome Resequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103268. [PMID: 30347873 PMCID: PMC6214002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) is an important horticultural crop that is grown worldwide and has a high economic value. To dissect the loci associated with important horticultural traits and to analyze the genetic and genomic information of this species, a high-density genetic map was constructed based on whole-genome resequencing (WGR), a powerful high-resolution method for single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker development, genetic map construction, and gene mapping. Resequencing of both parental lines and 126 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) resulted in the detection of 178,762 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in the parental lines at a sequencing depth greater than four-fold. Additionally, 2132 recombination bin markers comprising 103,029 SNP markers were mapped onto 11 linkage groups (LGs). Substantially more SNP markers were mapped to the genetic map compared with other recent studies. The total length of the linkage map was 1508.94 cM, with an average distance of 0.74 cM between adjacent bin markers. Based on this genetic map, one locus for fruit bitterness, one locus for rind color, and one locus for seed coat color with high LOD scores (58.361, 18.353, 26.852) were identified on chromosome 1, chromosome 8, and chromosome 3, respectively. These prominent loci were identified in a region of 6.16 Mb, 2.07 Mb, and 0.37 Mb, respectively. On the basis of current research, the high-density map and mapping results will provide a valuable tool for identifying candidate genes, map-based gene cloning, comparative mapping, and marker-assisted selection (MAS) in watermelon breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Xuqiang Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Junling Dou
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Ali Aslam
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Shengjie Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Nan He
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Wenge Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
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17
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Song M, Wei Q, Wang J, Fu W, Qin X, Lu X, Cheng F, Yang K, Zhang L, Yu X, Li J, Chen J, Lou Q. Fine Mapping of CsVYL, Conferring Virescent Leaf Through the Regulation of Chloroplast Development in Cucumber. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:432. [PMID: 29681911 PMCID: PMC5897749 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants in higher plants are ideal materials for investigating the structure and function of photosynthetic system. In this study, we identified a cucumber vyl (virescent-yellow leaf) mutant in the mutant library, which exhibited reduced pigment contents and delayed chloroplast development process. F2 and BC1 populations were constructed from the cross between vyl mutant and cucumber inbred line 'Hazerd' to identify that the vyl trait is controlled by a simply recessive gene designated as CsVYL. The CsVYL gene was mapped to a 3.8 cM interval on chromosome 4 using these 80 F2 individuals and BSA (bulked segregation analysis) approach. Fine genetic map was conducted with 1542 F2 plants and narrowed down the vyl locus to an 86.3 kb genomic region, which contains a total of 11 genes. Sequence alignment between the wild type (WT) and vyl only identified one single nucleotide mutation (C→T) in the first exon of gene Csa4G637110, which encodes a DnaJ-like zinc finger protein. Gene Expression analysis confirmed the differences in transcription level of Csa4G637110 between wild type and mutant plants. Map-based cloning of the CsVYL gene could accelerate the study of chloroplast development and chlorophyll synthesis of cucumber.
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