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Zhou C, Gu X, Li J, Su X, Chen S, Tang J, Chen L, Cai N, Xu Y. Physiological Characteristics and Transcriptomic Responses of Pinus yunnanensis Lateral Branching to Different Shading Environments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1588. [PMID: 38931020 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Pinus yunnanensis is an important component of China's economic development and forest ecosystems. The growth of P. yunnanensis seedlings experienced a slow growth phase, which led to a long seedling cultivation period. However, asexual reproduction can ensure the stable inheritance of the superior traits of the mother tree and also shorten the breeding cycle. The quantity and quality of branching significantly impact the cutting reproduction of P. yunnanensis, and a shaded environment affects lateral branching growth, development, and photosynthesis. Nonetheless, the physiological characteristics and the level of the transcriptome that underlie the growth of lateral branches of P. yunnanensis under shade conditions are still unclear. In our experiment, we subjected annual P. yunnanensis seedlings to varying shade intensities (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%) and studied the effects of shading on growth, physiological and biochemical changes, and gene expression in branching. Results from this study show that shading reduces biomass production by inhibiting the branching ability of P. yunnanensis seedlings. Due to the regulatory and protective roles of osmotically active substances against environmental stress, the contents of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, photosynthetic pigments, and enzyme activities exhibit varying responses to different shading treatments. Under shading treatment, the contents of phytohormones were altered. Additionally, genes associated with phytohormone signaling and photosynthetic pathways exhibited differential expression. This study established a theoretical foundation for shading regulation of P. yunnanensis lateral branch growth and provides scientific evidence for the management of cutting orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xuesha Gu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jiangfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xin Su
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Junrong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Nianhui Cai
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yulan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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Medeiros JS, Burns JH, Dowrey C, Duong F, Speroff S. Leaf habit and plant architecture integrate whole-plant economics and contextualize trait-climate associations within ecologically diverse genus Rhododendron. AOB PLANTS 2024; 16:plae005. [PMID: 38406260 PMCID: PMC10888519 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Plant resource strategies negotiate a trade-off between fast growth and stress resistance, characterized by specific leaf area (SLA). How SLA relates to leaf structure and function or plant climate associations remains open for debate, and leaf habit and plant architecture may alter the costs versus benefits of individual traits. We used phylogenetic canonical correspondence analysis and phylogenetic least squares to understand the relationship of anatomy and gas exchange to published data on root, wood, architectural and leaf economics traits and climate. Leaf anatomy was structured by leaf habit and carbon to nitrogen ratio was a better predictor of gas exchange than SLA. We found significant correspondence of leaf anatomy with branch architecture and wood traits, gas exchange corresponded with climate, while leaf economics corresponded with climate, architecture, wood and root traits. Species from the most seasonal climates had the highest trait-climate correspondence, and different aspects of economics and anatomy reflected leaf carbon uptake versus water use. Our study using phylogenetic comparative methods including plant architecture and leaf habit provides insight into the mechanism of whole-plant functional coordination and contextualizes individual traits in relation to climate, demonstrating the evolutionary and ecological relevance of trait-trait correlations within a genus with high biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean H Burns
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106USA
| | - Callie Dowrey
- Holden Arboretum, 9500 Sperry Rd, Kirtland, OH 44094, USA
| | - Fiona Duong
- Holden Arboretum, 9500 Sperry Rd, Kirtland, OH 44094, USA
| | - Sarah Speroff
- New England Aquarium, 1 Central Wharf, Boston, MA 02110USA
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Xie A, Lv M, Zhang D, Shi Y, Yang L, Yang X, Du J, Sun L, Sun X. Effects of slight shading in summer on the leaf senescence and endogenous hormone and polyamine contents in herbaceous peony. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18714. [PMID: 37907675 PMCID: PMC10618196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbaceous peony is a perennial root plant that likes light and is cold-resistant. During summer, high temperature and strong light intensity advance its entry into the leaf wilting stage, which limits the accumulation of nutrients and formation of strong buds and severely affects its growth and development the following year. In this study, the wild herbaceous peony species and two main cultivars, 'Zifengyu' and 'Hongfengyu', were subjected to slight shading and strong light environments in summer, and their effects on leaf senescence and endogenous hormone and polyamine contents were explored. Slight shading treatment significantly delayed withering, increased the leaf net photosynthetic rate, and increased the chlorophyll, soluble sugar, indole-3-acetic acid, zeatin, gibberellin, spermine, spermidine, putrescine, and polyamine contents. Additionally, slight shading significantly reduced the proline and abscisic acid contents. Slight shading during summer prolonged the green period and delayed leaf senescence. The tolerance of tested materials to strong light intensity in summer was ranked as follows: 'Zifengyu' > 'Hongfengyu' > wild species. In conclusion, this study revealed that summer leaf senescence is delayed in herbaceous peony through shading and growth regulators. Additional varieties should be evaluated to provide reference for high-efficiency, high-quality, and high-yield cultivation of herbaceous peony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Xie
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Mengwen Lv
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dongliang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yajie Shi
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Lijin Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Du
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
- School of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal Unversity, Huainan, 232038, Anhui, China.
| | - Limin Sun
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Xia Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Fu Z, Chen P, Zhang X, Du Q, Zheng B, Yang H, Luo K, Lin P, Li Y, Pu T, Wu Y, Wang X, Yang F, Liu W, Song C, Yang W, Yong T. Maize-legume intercropping achieves yield advantages by improving leaf functions and dry matter partition. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:438. [PMID: 37726682 PMCID: PMC10507892 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping can obtain yield advantages, but the mechanism of yield advantages of maize-legume intercropping is still unclear. Then, we explored the effects of cropping systems and N input on yield advantages in a two-year experiment. Cropping systems included monoculture maize (Zea mays L.) (MM), monoculture soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) (MS), monoculture peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (MP), maize-soybean substitutive relay intercropping (IMS), and maize-peanut substitutive strip intercropping (IMP). N input included without N (N0) and N addition (N1). Results showed that maize's leaf area index was 31.0% and 34.6% higher in IMS and IMP than in MM. The specific leaf weight and chlorophyll a (chl a) of maize were notably higher by 8.0% and 18.8% in IMS, 3.1%, and 18.6% in IMP compared with MM. Finally, N addition resulted in a higher thousand kernels weight of maize in IMS and IMP than that in MM. More dry matter accumulated and partitioned to the grain, maize's averaged partial land equivalent ratio and the net effect were 0.76 and 2.75 t ha-1 in IMS, 0.78 and 2.83 t ha-1 in IMP. The leaf area index and specific leaf weight of intercropped soybean were 16.8% and 26% higher than MS. Although soybean suffers from shade during coexistence, recovered growth strengthens leaf functional traits and increases dry matter accumulation. The averaged partial land equivalent ratio and the net effect of intercropped soybean were 0.76 and 0.47 t ha-1. The leaf area index and specific leaf weight of peanuts in IMP were 69.1% and 14.4% lower than in the MP. The chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b of peanut in MP were 17.0% and 24.4% higher than in IMP. A less dry matter was partitioned to the grain for intercropped peanut. The averaged pLER and NE of intercropped peanuts were 0.26 and -0.55 t ha-1. In conclusion, the strengthened leaf functional traits promote dry matter accumulation, maize-soybean relay intercropping obtained a win-win yield advantage, and maize-peanut strip intercropping achieved a trade-off yield advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Fu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qing Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Benchuan Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kai Luo
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ping Lin
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yiling Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Tian Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yushan Wu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chun Song
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Science, College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Taiwen Yong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Shumet ST, Ayalew T, Roro AG, Beshir HM. Intercropping and Rhizobium Inoculation Affected Microclimate and Performance of Common Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties. SCIENTIFICA 2022; 2022:3471912. [PMID: 36523483 PMCID: PMC9747309 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3471912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A field experiment was carried out at Hawassa, during the 2020 cropping season with the objective to evaluate the impact of maize-common bean intercropping and Rhizobium inoculation on microclimate, growth, and yield of common bean varieties. Treatments consisting of two common bean varieties, two levels of inoculation and three spatial arrangements of common bean with another sole maize were laid out in a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results revealed that the main effect of spatial arrangements highly significantly (P < 0.001) affected soil and leaf temperature. Soil moisture content was improved under intercropped plots compared with sole cropping. The intensity of light and qualities, such as red, far-red, and photosynthetically active radiations (μmol m-2 s-1) and ultraviolet rays (UV)-A, UV-B (W m-2), were reduced under intercropping as compared to the sole. Interaction effects of variety, spatial arrangements, and inoculation significantly (P < 0.01) affected plant height and leaf area index. Inoculated sole Nassir outperformed for plant height and leaf area index. Inoculated sole Hawassa Dume variety performed best for nodule number plant-1, nodule dry weight plant-1, pods number plant-1, 100 seed weight, grain yield, and above-ground biomass yield. The highest grain yield (2.8 t ha-1) was recorded from inoculated sole Hawassa Dume. However, considering the equivalent ratio (LER), intercropping with one maize row to two haricot bean rows spatial arrangements was productive by 62% more than sole cropping (total land equivalent ratio of 1.62%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shemeles Tesfaye Shumet
- Department of Crop Sciences, Afar Pastoral and Agro Pastoral Research Institute, P.O. Box 16, Semara, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Ayalew
- School of Plant and Horticultural Sciences, Hawassa University, College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Amsalu Gobena Roro
- School of Plant and Horticultural Sciences, Hawassa University, College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Hussien Mohammed Beshir
- School of Plant and Horticultural Sciences, Hawassa University, College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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Qi X, Chen S, Wang H, Feng J, Chen H, Qin Z, Deng Y. Comparative physiology and transcriptome analysis reveals that chloroplast development influences silver-white leaf color formation in Hydrangea macrophylla var. maculata. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:345. [PMID: 35842592 PMCID: PMC9287875 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrangea macrophylla var. Maculata 'Yinbianxiuqiu' (YB) is an excellent plant species with beautiful flowers and leaves with silvery white edges. However, there are few reports on its leaf color characteristics and color formation mechanism. RESULTS The present study compared the phenotypic, physiological and transcriptomic differences between YB and a full-green leaf mutant (YM) obtained from YB. The results showed that YB and YM had similar genetic backgrounds, but photosynthesis was reduced in YB. The contents of pigments were significantly decreased at the edges of YB leaves compared to YM leaves. The ultrastructure of chloroplasts in the YB leaves was irregular. Transcriptome profiling identified 7,023 differentially expressed genes between YB and YM. The expression levels of genes involved in photosynthesis, chloroplast development and division were different between YB and YM. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the expression trends were generally consistent with the transcriptome data. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the formation of the silvery white leaf color of H. macrophylla var. maculata was primarily due to the abnormal development of chloroplasts. This study facilitates the molecular function analysis of key genes involved in chloroplast development and provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in leaf coloration in H. macrophylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Huadi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Huijie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Ziyi Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Yanming Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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Sharma S, Kaur G, Singh P, Alamri S, Kumar R, Siddiqui MH. Nitrogen and potassium application effects on productivity, profitability and nutrient use efficiency of irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264210. [PMID: 35609063 PMCID: PMC9129015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of robust nutrient management strategies have played a crucial role in improving crop productivity, profitability and nutrient use efficiency. Therefore, the implementation of efficient nutrient management stratigies is important for food security and environmental safety. Amongst the essential plant nutrients, managing nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based production systems is citically important to maximize profitable production with minimal negative environmental impacts. We investigated the effects of different fertilizer-N (viz. 0–240 kg N ha-1; N0-N240) and fertilizer-K (viz. 0–90 kg K ha-1; K0-K90) application rates on wheat productivity, nutrient (N and K) use efficiency viz. partial factor productivity (PFPN/K), agronomic efficiency (AEN/K), physiological efficiency (PEN/K), reciprocal internal use efficiency (RIUEN/K), and profitability in terms of benefit-cost (B-C) ratio, gross returns above fertilizer cost (GRAFC) and the returns on investment (ROI) on fertilizer application. These results revealed that wheat productivity, plant growth and yield attributes, nutrients uptake and use efficiency increased significantly (p<0.05)with fertilizer-N application, although the interaction effect of N x K application was statistically non-significant (p<0.05). Fertilizer-N application at 120 kg N ha-1 (N120) increased the number of effective tillers (8.7%), grain yield (17.3%), straw yield (15.1%), total N uptake (25.1%) and total K uptake (16.1%) than the N80. Fertilizer-N application significantly increased the SPAD reading by ~4.2–10.6% with fertilizer-N application (N80-N240), compared with N0. The PFPN and PFPK increased significantly with fertilizer-N and K application in wheat. The AEN varied between 12.3 and 22.2 kg kg-1 with significantly higher value of 20.8 kg kg-1 in N120. Fertilizer-N application at higher rate (N160) significantly decreased the AEN by ~16.3% over N120. The N120treatment increased the AEK by ~52.6% than N80 treatment. Similarly the RIUEN varied between 10.6 and 25.6 kg Mg-1 grain yield, and increased significantly by ~80.2% with N120 as compared to N0 treatment. The RIUEK varied between 109 and 15.1 kg Mg-1 grain yield, and was significantly higher in N120 treatment. The significant increase in mean gross returns (MGRs) by ~17.3% and mean net returns (MNRs) by ~24.1% increased the B-C ratio by ~15.1% with N120 than the N80 treatment. Fertilizer-N application in N120 treatment increased the economic efficiency of wheat by ~24.1% and GRAFC by ~16.9%. Grain yield was significantly correlated with total N uptake (r = 0.932**, p<0.01), K uptake (r = 0.851**), SPAD value (r = 0.945**), green seeker reading (r = 0.956**), and the RIUEN (r = 0.910**). The artificial neural networks (ANNs) showed highly satisfactory performance in training and simulation of testing data-set on wheat grain yield. The calculated mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE) for wheat were 0.0087, 0.834 and 0.052, respectively. The well trained ANNs model was capable of producing consistency for the training and testing correlation (R2 = 0.994**, p<0.01) between the predicted and actual values of wheat grain yield, which implies that ANN model succeeded in wheat grain yield prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
- * E-mail: (SS); (MHS)
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Yadvindra Department of Engineering, Punjabi University South Campus, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Pritpal Singh
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: (SS); (MHS)
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Zhang Y, Xiong Y, An H, Li J, Li Q, Huang J, Liu Z. Analysis of Volatile Components of Jasmine and Jasmine Tea during Scenting Process. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020479. [PMID: 35056794 PMCID: PMC8779377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Jasmine tea is widely loved by the public because of its unique and pleasant aroma and taste. The new scenting process is different from the traditional scenting process, because the new scenting process has a thin pile height to reduce the high temperature and prolong the scenting time. We qualified and quantified volatiles in jasmine and jasmine tea during the scenting process by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). There were 71 and 78 effective volatiles in jasmine and jasmine tea, respectively, including 24 terpenes, 9 alcohols, 24 esters, 6 hydrocarbons, 1 ketone, 3 aldehydes, 2 nitrogen compounds, and 2 oxygen-containing compounds in jasmine; 29 terpenes, 6 alcohols, 28 esters, 8 nitrogen compounds, 1 aldehyde, and 6 other compounds in jasmine tea. The amounts of terpenes, esters, alcohols, nitrogen compounds, and hydrocarbons in jasmine and tea rose and then fell. The amount of oxygenated compounds of tea in the new scenting process first rose and then fell, while it showed a continuous upward trend during the traditional process. The amount of volatiles in jasmine and tea produced by the new scenting process were higher than that of the traditional scenting process at the same time. This study indicated that jasmine tea produced by the new scenting process had better volatile quality, which can provide proof for the new scenting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.A.); (J.L.); (Q.L.)
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yifan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.A.); (J.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Huimin An
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.A.); (J.L.); (Q.L.)
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.A.); (J.L.); (Q.L.)
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.A.); (J.L.); (Q.L.)
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.A.); (J.L.); (Q.L.)
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-0731-84635304 (J.H. & Z.L.)
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.A.); (J.L.); (Q.L.)
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-0731-84635304 (J.H. & Z.L.)
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Comparison of the transcriptomic responses of two Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivars to low light. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7293-7301. [PMID: 34689280 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low light is a primary regulator of chrysanthemum growth. Our aim was to analyse the different transcriptomic responses of two Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivars to low light. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a transcriptomic analysis of leaf samples from the 'Nannonggongfen' and 'Nannongxuefeng' chrysanthemum cultivars following a 5-day exposure to optimal light (70%, control [CK]) or low-light (20%, LL) conditions. Gene Ontology (GO) classification of upregulated genes revealed these genes to be associated with 11 cellular components, 9 molecular functions, and 15 biological processes, with the majority being localized to the chloroplast, highlighting the role of chloroplast proteins as regulators of shading tolerance. Downregulated genes were associated with 11 cellular components, 8 molecular functions, and 16 biological processes. Heat map analyses suggested that basic helix-loop-helix domain genes and elongation factors were markedly downregulated in 'Nannongxuefeng' leaves, consistent with the maintenance of normal stem length, whereas no comparable changes were observed in 'Nanonggongfen' leaves. Subsequent qPCR analyses revealed that phytochrome-interacting factors and dormancy-associated genes were significantly upregulated under LL conditions relative to CK conditions, while succinate dehydrogenase 1, elongated hypocotyls 5, and auxin-responsive gene of were significantly downregulated under LL conditions. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that LL plants were significantly lower than those of the CK plants. Low-light tolerant chrysanthemum cultivars may maintain reduced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and elongation factor expression as a means of preventing the onset of shade-avoidance symptoms.
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Guo Y, Yin W, Fan H, Fan Z, Hu F, Yu A, Zhao C, Chai Q, Aziiba EA, Zhang X. Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics of Water and Nitrogen Coupling for Enhanced High-Density Tolerance and Increased Yield of Maize in Arid Irrigation Regions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:726568. [PMID: 34630472 PMCID: PMC8495025 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.726568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To some extent, the photosynthetic traits of developing leaves of maize are regulated systemically by water and nitrogen. However, it remains unclear whether photosynthesis is systematically regulated via water and nitrogen when maize crops are grown under close (high density) planting conditions. To address this, a field experiment that had a split-split plot arrangement of treatments was designed. Two irrigation levels on local traditional irrigation level (high, I2, 4,050 m3 ha-1) and reduced by 20% (low, I1, 3,240 m3 ha-1) formed the main plots; two levels of nitrogen fertilizer at a local traditional nitrogen level (high, N2, 360 kg ha-1) and reduced by 25% (low, N1, 270 kg ha-1) formed the split plots; three planting densities of low (D1, 7.5 plants m-2), medium (D2, 9.75 plants m-2), and high (D3, 12 plants m-2) formed the split-split plots. The grain yield, gas exchange, and chlorophyll a fluorescence of the closely planted maize crops were assessed. The results showed that water-nitrogen coupling regulated their net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), quantum yield of non-regulated non-photochemical energy loss [Y(NO)], actual photochemical efficiency of PSII [Y(II)], and quantum yield of regulated non-photochemical energy loss [Y(NPQ)]. When maize plants were grown at low irrigation with traditional nitrogen and at a medium density (i.e., I1N2D2), they had Pn, Gs, and Tr higher than those of grown under traditional treatment conditions (i.e., I2N2D1). Moreover, the increased photosynthesis in the leaves of maize in the I1N2D2 treatment was mainly caused by decreased Y(NO), and increased Y(II) and Y(NPQ). The coupling of 20%-reduced irrigation with the traditional nitrogen application boosted the grain yield of medium density-planted maize, whose Pn, Gs, Tr, Y(II), and Y(NPQ) were enhanced, and its Y(NO) was reduced. Redundancy analysis revealed that both Y(II) and SPAD were the most important physiological factors affecting maize yield performance, followed by Y(NPQ) and NPQ. Using the 20% reduction in irrigation and traditional nitrogen application at a medium density of planting (I1N2D2) could thus be considered as feasible management practices, which could provide technical guidance for further exploring high yields of closely planted maize plants in arid irrigation regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhilong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Falong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Aizhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Emmanuel Asibi Aziiba
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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11
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Phenotypic Characterization and RT-qPCR Analysis of Flower Development in F 1 Transgenics of Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081681. [PMID: 34451726 PMCID: PMC8398712 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gene silencing is the epigenetic regulation of any gene in order to prevent gene expression at the transcription or translation levels. Among various gene silencing techniques, RNA silencing (RNAi) is notable gene regulation technique that involves sequence-specific targeting and RNA degradation. However, the effectiveness of transgene-induced RNAi in F1 generation of chrysanthemum has not been studied yet. In the current study, we used RNAi-constructed CmTFL1 (white-flowered) and CmSVP overexpressed (yellow flowered) transgenic plants of previously conducted two studies for our experiment. Cross hybridization was performed between these intergeneric transgenic and non-transgenic plants of the winter-growing chrysanthemum selection "37" (light pink flowered). The transgene CmSVP was confirmed in F1 hybrids by RT-PCR analysis, whereas hybrids of CmTFL1 parental plants were non-transgenic. Besides this, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to explain the molecular mechanism of flower development using reference genes. Intergeneric and interspecific hybrids produced different colored flowers unlike their respective parents. These results suggest that generic traits of CmSVP overexpressed plants can be transferred into F1 generations when crossed with mutant plants. This study will aid in understanding the breeding phenomenon among intergeneric hybrids of chrysanthemum plants at an in vivo level, and such transgenics will also be more suitable for sustainable flower yield under a low-light production system.
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Wang Y, Zhang Z, Liang Y, Han Y, Han Y, Tan J. High Potassium Application Rate Increased Grain Yield of Shading-Stressed Winter Wheat by Improving Photosynthesis and Photosynthate Translocation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:134. [PMID: 32184793 PMCID: PMC7058633 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) production on the Huang-Huai Plain of China has substantially affected in the past 50 years as a result of the decreasing total solar radiation and sunshine hours. Potassium has a significant effect on improving leaf photosynthesis ability under stress conditions. Five potassium application rates (K), 0 (K0), 50 (K50), 100 (K100), 150 (K150), and 250 (K250) mg K2O kg-1 soil, combined with two shading levels, no shading (NS) and shading at early filling stage for 10 days (SE), were used to investigate the effects of K application on winter wheat growth under SE condition. Under NS condition, the parameters related to chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, dry matter productivity and grain yields reached the maximum values at a middle K application rate (100 mg K2O kg-1 soil). Shading stress significantly reduced leaf SPAD value, showed negative effects on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and reduced grain yield of winter wheat. However, as the result of the interaction of K×S, compared to NS condition, higher K application rate (150 mg and 250 K2O kg-1 soil) was beneficial in terms of achieving a higher grain yield of winter wheat under SE by improving leaf SPAD value, alleviating the damage of SE on the winter wheat photosynthetic system, and increasing fructan content and dry matter translocation percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongkui Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yulong Han
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanlai Han
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanlai Han, ; Jinfang Tan,
| | - Jinfang Tan
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanlai Han, ; Jinfang Tan,
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13
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Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Elucidate That Exogenous Calcium Can Relieve Injuries to Potato Plants ( Solanum tuberosum L.) under Weak Light. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205133. [PMID: 31623239 PMCID: PMC6829426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is one of the most important abiotic factors for most plants, which affects almost all growth and development stages. In this study, physiological indicators suggest that the application of exogenous Ca2+ improves photosynthesis and changes phytohormone levels. Under weak light, photosynthetic parameters of the net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) decreased; the antioxidation systems peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) reduced; the degrees of malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, and superoxide anion (O2−) free radical damage increased; while exogenous Ca2+ treatment was significantly improved. RNA-seq analysis indicated that a total of 13,640 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and 97 key DEGs related to hormone, photosynthesis, and calcium regulation were differently transcribed. Gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, plant hormone signal transduction, photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were significantly enriched. Additionally, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis confirmed some of the key gene functions in response to Ca2+. Overall, these results provide novel insights into the complexity of Ca2+ to relieve injuries under weak light, and they are helpful for potato cultivation under weak light stress.
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14
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Comparative transcriptome profiling of low light tolerant and sensitive rice varieties induced by low light stress at active tillering stage. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5753. [PMID: 30962576 PMCID: PMC6453891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Low light intensity is a great limitation for grain yield and quality in rice. However, yield is not significantly reduced in low light tolerant rice varieties. The work therefore planned for comparative transcriptome profiling under low light stress to decipher the genes involved and molecular mechanism of low light tolerance in rice. At active tillering stage, 50% low light exposure for 1 day, 3 days and 5 days were given to Swarnaprabha (low light tolerant) and IR8 (low light sensitive) rice varieties. Illumina (HiSeq) platform was used for transcriptome sequencing. A total of 6,652 and 12,042 genes were differentially expressed due to low light intensity in Swarnaprabha and IR8, respectively as compared to control. CAB, LRP, SBPase, MT15, TF PCL1 and Photosystem I & II complex related gene expressions were mostly increased in Swarnaprabha upon longer duration of low light exposure which was not found in IR8 as compared to control. Their expressions were validated by qRT-PCR. Overall study suggested that the maintenance of grain yield in the tolerant variety under low light might be results of accelerated expression of the genes which enable the plant to keep the photosynthetic processes moving at the same pace even under low light.
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15
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Fan Y, Chen J, Wang Z, Tan T, Li S, Li J, Wang B, Zhang J, Cheng Y, Wu X, Yang W, Yang F. Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) seedlings response to shading: leaf structure, photosynthesis and proteomic analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:34. [PMID: 30665369 PMCID: PMC6341755 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intercropping and close planting are important cultivation methods that increase soybean yield in agricultural production. However, plant shading is a major abiotic stress factor that influences soybean growth and development. Although shade affects leaf morphological parameters and decreases leaf photosynthesis capacity, information on the responses of soybean leaf photosynthesis to shading at proteomic level is still lacking. RESULTS Compared with leaves under normal light (CK) treatment, leaves under shading treatment exhibited decreased palisade and spongy tissue thicknesses but significantly increased cell gap. Although shade increased the number of the chloroplast, the thickness of the grana lamella and the photosynthetic pigments per unit mass, but the size of the chloroplast and starch grains and the rate of net photosynthesis decreased compared with those of under CK treatment. A total of 248 differentially expressed proteins, among which 138 were upregulated, and 110 were downregulated, in soybean leaves under shading and CK treatments were detected via isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification labeling in the three biological repeats. Differentially expressed proteins were classified into 3 large and 20 small groups. Most proteins involved in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, photosynthesis-antenna proteins and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms were upregulated. By contrast, proteins involved in photosynthesis were downregulated. The gene family members corresponding to differentially expressed proteins, including protochlorophyllide reductase (Glyma06g247100), geranylgeranyl hydrogenase (Ggh), LHCB1 (Lhcb1) and ferredoxin (N/A) involved in the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, photosynthesis-antenna proteins and photosynthesis pathway were verified with real-time qPCR. The results showed that the expression patterns of the genes were consistent with the expression patterns of the corresponding proteins. CONCLUSIONS This study combined the variation of the soybean leaf structure and differentially expressed proteins of soybean leaves under shading. These results demonstrated that shade condition increased the light capture efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in soybean leaves but decreased the capacity from PSII transmitted to photosystem II (PSI). This maybe the major reason that the photosynthetic capacity was decreased in shading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Fan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxu Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Tan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenglan Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiafeng Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Beibei Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajiao Cheng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
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Cao Q, Zhang X, Gao X, Wang L, Jia G. Effects of ploidy level on the cellular, photochemical and photosynthetic characteristics in Lilium FO hybrids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 133:50-56. [PMID: 30390431 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidy plays an important role in plant breeding, inducing a wide range of effects on photosynthetic performance, cellular and photochemical aspects of photosynthesis. Although the impacts of polyploidization on photosynthesis have been examined in several genera, comparatively little is known about the photosynthetic responses to polyploidy in Lilium. In this study, diploid and colchicine-induced tetraploid Lilium FO hybrids were used to study the effects of polyploidization on cellular, photochemical and photosynthetic characteristics in Lilium. Polyploidization caused a significant change in leaf anatomical structure, chloroplast ultrastructure and photosynthetic pigment contents. Thicker epidermal and spongy tissue, more and thicker thylakoid lamellae and higher chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were observed in the tetraploid than in the diploid. More regularly and tightly arranged thylakoids were closely associated with more efficient light-harvesting machinery. And the tetraploid plants showed a higher net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) than the diploid plants, under both natural conditions and gradients of light intensity/CO2 concentration. In addition, the tetraploid had a significantly higher light saturation point (LSP), but a lower light compensation point (LCP) than the diploid, indicating that tetraploid plants acquired light energy more efficiently. These results suggested that cellular and photochemical alterations caused by polyploidization improve the capacity for light absorption and conversion and further enhanced the photosynthetic performance in Lilium FO hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinzheng Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lianjuan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guixia Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Fan Y, Chen J, Cheng Y, Raza MA, Wu X, Wang Z, Liu Q, Wang R, Wang X, Yong T, Liu W, Liu J, Du J, Shu K, Yang W, Yang F. Effect of shading and light recovery on the growth, leaf structure, and photosynthetic performance of soybean in a maize-soybean relay-strip intercropping system. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198159. [PMID: 29851989 PMCID: PMC5979024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercropping is an important agronomic practice adopted to increase crop production and resource efficiency in areas with intensive agricultural production. Two sequential field trials were conducted in 2015-2016 to investigate the effect of shading on the morphological features, leaf structure, and photosynthetic characteristics of soybean in a maize-soybean relay-strip intercropping system. Three treatments were designed on the basis of different row configurations A1 ("50 cm + 50 cm" one row of maize and one row of soybean with a 50 cm spacing between the rows), A2 ("160 cm + 40 cm" two rows of maize by wide-narrow row planting, where two rows of soybean were planted in the wide rows with a width of 40 cm, and with 60 cm row spacing was used between the maize and soybean rows), and CK (sole cropping of soybean, with 70 cm rows spacing). Results showed that the photosynthetically active radiation transmittances of soybean canopy at V5 stage under A2 treatment (31.1%) were considerably higher than those under A1 (8.7%) treatment, and the red-to-far-red ratio was reduced significantly under A1 (0.7) and A2 (1.0) treatments compared with those under CK (1.2). By contrast with CK, stem diameter, total aboveground biomass, chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate decreased significantly except plant height under A1 and A2. The thickness of palisade tissue and spongy tissue of soybean leaf under A1 and A2 were significantly reduced at V5 stage compared with CK. The leaf thicknesses under A1 and A2 were lower than those in CK by 39.5% and 18.2%, respectively. At the R1 stage of soybean (after maize harvest), the soybean plant height, stem biomass, leaf biomass and petiole biomass under A1 and A2 treatments were still significantly lower than those under CK, but no significant differences were observed in Chl a/b, Pn, epidermis thickness and spongy tissue thickness of soybean leaves in A2 compared with CK. In addition, the soybean yields (g plant-1) under A1 and A2 were 54.69% and 16.83% lower than those in CK, respectively. These findings suggested that soybean plants can regulate its morphological characteristics and leaf anatomical structures under different light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Fan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Junxu Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yajiao Cheng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qinlin Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Junbo Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Kai Shu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, P.R. China
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Deng Y, Sun X, Gu C, Jia X, Liang L, Su J. Identification of pre-fertilization reproductive barriers and the underlying cytological mechanism in crosses among three petal-types of Jasminum sambac and their relevance to phylogenetic relationships. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176026. [PMID: 28419158 PMCID: PMC5395215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosses among single-, double- and multi-petal jasmine cultivars (Jasminum sambac Aiton) are unable to easily generate hybrids. To identify the reproductive barriers restricting hybrid set, dynamic changes in jasmine pollen viability and pistil receptivity were compared at different flowering stages. Pollen-pistil interactions in six reciprocal crosses were also investigated to characterize pollen-stigma compatibility. Additionally, paraffin sections of pollinated embryo sacs were prepared for subsequent analyses of developmental status. Furthermore, pistil cell ultrastructural characteristics were observed to reveal cytological mechanism regulating pistil receptivity and the pollen-pistil interactions. We observed that pollen viability and stigma receptivity varied depending on petal phenotype and flowering stage and were easily lost during flowering. Different reciprocal crosses exhibited varied pollen-stigma compatibilities according to the pollen germination rates. Although some pollen grains germinated normally on maternal stigmas, the pollen tubes were arrested in the pistils and were unable to reach the ovaries. Additionally, the embryo sacs remained unfertilized until degenerating. Therefore, jasmine crosses are affected by pre-fertilization reproductive barriers. Low pollen fertility and poor stigma receptivity are detrimental to pollen germination and pollen-pistil compatibility, indicating they are two factors affecting hybrid set. Ultrastructural observation of the pistil cells revealed that cell death occurred during flowering. Thus, the early and rapid senescence of pistils is likely responsible for the decreased pistil receptivity and inhibited pollen tube growth. These findings may be relevant for future jasmine hybridizations. They provide new insights for the development of methods to overcome reproductive barriers and may also be useful for clarifying the phylogenetic relationships among jasmine cultivars with differing petal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Deng
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunsun Gu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinping Jia
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijian Liang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiale Su
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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Li T, Liu Y, Shi L, Jiang C. Systemic regulation of photosynthetic function in field-grown sorghum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 94:86-94. [PMID: 26057699 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic characteristics of developing leaves of plants grown under artificial conditions are, to some extent, regulated systemically by mature leaves; however, whether systemic regulation of photosynthesis occurs in field-grown crops is unclear. To explore this question, we investigated the effects of planting density on growth characteristics, gas exchange, leaf nitrogen concentration and chlorophyll a fluorescence in field-grown sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Our results showed that close planting resulted in a marked decline in light intensity in lower canopy. Sorghum plants grown at a high planting density had lower net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (E) than plants grown at a low planting density. Moreover, in the absence of mineral deficiency, close planting induced a slight increase in leaf nitrogen concentration. The decreased photosynthesis in leaves of the lower canopy at high planting density was caused mainly by the low light. However, newly developed leaves exposed to high light in the upper canopy of plants grown at high planting density also exhibited a distinct decline in photosynthesis relative to plants grown at low planting density. Based on these results, the photosynthetic function of the newly developed leaves in the upper canopy was not determined fully by their own high light environment. Accordingly, we suggest that the photosynthetic function of newly developed leaves in the upper canopy of field-grown sorghum plants is regulated systemically by the lower canopy leaves. The differences in systemic regulation of photosynthesis were also discussed between field conditions and artificial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yujun Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chuangdao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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Wu G, Jia H, Huang Y, Gan L, Fu C, Zhang L, Yu L, Li M. Characterization and molecular interpretation of the photosynthetic traits of Lonicera confusa in Karst environment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100703. [PMID: 24959829 PMCID: PMC4069104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lonicera confusa was a medical plant which could adapt to the Ca-rich environment in the karst area of China. The photosynthesis, relative chlorophyll content,differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of L. confusa that cultivated in calcareous and sandstone soils were investigated. The results showed that the relative chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate of L. confusa in calcareous soil are much higher than that planted in sandstone soil, the higher content of calcium might play a role in keeping the chloroplast from harm and showed higher photosynthesis rate. The transpiration and stomata conductance were decreased in calcareous soil, which might result from the closure of stomata. The GeneFishing and proteomic results showed that the expression of DEGs and DEPs were critical for photosynthesis and stomata closure, such as RuBisCO, photosynthetic electron transfer c and malate dehydrogenase varied in the leaves of L. confusa that cultivated in different soils. These DEGs or DEPs were further found to be directly or indirectly regulated by calcium sensor proteins. This study enriched our knowledge of the molecular mechanism of high net photosynthesis rate and lower transpiration of L. confusa that cultivated in the calcareous soil in some degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haibo Jia
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongwei Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Gan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunhua Fu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Longjiang Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Maoteng Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail:
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21
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Effects of shade treatments on photosynthetic characteristics, chloroplast ultrastructure, and physiology of Anoectochilus roxburghii. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85996. [PMID: 24516523 PMCID: PMC3917826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoectochilus roxburghii was grown under different shade treatments-50%, 30%, 20%, and 5% of natural irradiance-to evaluate its photosynthetic characteristics, chloroplast ultrastructure, and physiology. The highest net photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance were observed under 30% irradiance, followed in descending order by 20%, 5%, and 50% treatments. As irradiance decreased from 50% to 30%, electron transport rate and photochemical quenching increased, while non-photochemical quenching indexes declined. Reductions in irradiance significantly increased Chl a and Chl b contents and decreased Chl a/b ratios. Chloroplast ultrastructure generally displayed the best development in leaves subjected to 30% irradiance. Under 50% irradiance, leaf protein content remained relatively stable during the first 20 days of treatment, and then increased rapidly. The highest peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels, and the lowest catalase activities, were observed in plants subjected to the 50% irradiance treatment. Soluble sugar and malondialdehyde contents were positively correlated with irradiance levels. Modulation of chloroplast development, accomplished by increasing the number of thylakoids and grana containing photosynthetic pigments, is an important shade tolerance mechanism in A. roxburghii.
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22
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Zhao D, Hao Z, Tao J. Effects of shade on plant growth and flower quality in the herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 61:187-96. [PMID: 23141672 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is an important ornamental plant used in urban green spaces, but little is known about whether it can grow in a shaded environment or understory. In this study, effects of shade on plant growth and flower quality in the herbaceous peony were investigated. The results showed that P. lactiflora morphology parameters, including plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, branch number, node number and plant crown width, were higher in plants grown with sun exposure compared to those grown in shade; however, opposite trends were observed for the top and middle leaf areas of the plant. Compared with sun exposure, shade decreased P. lactiflora photosynthetic capacity, light saturation point (LSP) and light compensation point (LCP) and increased the apparent quantum yield (AQY), mainly due to declined stomatal conduction (Gs). These decreases caused the soluble sugar, soluble protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents to decline, which led to delayed initial flowering date, prolonged flowering time, reduced flower fresh weight, increased flower diameter and faded flower color. Through cloning and expression analysis of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, we determined that the fading of flower color was the result of reduced anthocyanin content, which was caused by the combined activity of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and, in particular, of the upstream phenylalanine ammonialyase gene (PlPAL) and chalcone synthase gene (PlCHS). These results could provide us with a theoretical basis for further application of P. lactiflora in the greening of urban spaces and an understanding of the mechanisms behind the changes induced by shade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqiu Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
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Deng Y, Li C, Shao Q, Ye X, She J. Differential responses of double petal and multi petal jasmine to shading: I. Photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 55:93-102. [PMID: 22562019 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A double petal (DP) and a multi petal (MP) type jasmine (Jasminum sambac Ait.) growth and flowering was known largely affected by different levels of irradiance. Here, our objective was to determine the effects of shade on photosynthesis related characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of these two types. In both types, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (g(s)) and transpiration rate increased with decreasing irradiance from 100% to 20%, while both maximum and variable fluorescence showed a steady increase, and photochemical and nonphotochemical quenching indexes declined. At each conducted time, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids contents in DP type shaded leaves increased whereas those in MP type decreased at 5% irradiance (considered as extreme shade). The maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II of DP plants showed subtle changes but that of MP plants declined by shading thereafter 21 days of treatment. Observation of chloroplast ultrastructure showed its best development in the leaves of DP and MP types mostly from 50% to 20% irradiance (considered as weak and moderate shade, respectively). At each shade treatment, Pn, g(s) and water use efficiency of DP-jasmine were always higher than those of MP-jasmine, thus the shade tolerance ability of the former was higher than that of the latter. The results showed that full sunlight and 5% natural irradiance caused photoinhibition and light deficiency of jasmine plants respectively, and modulating chloroplast development by the more numbers of thylakoids and grana to contain more photosynthetic pigments is an important shade tolerance mechanism of DP type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Deng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
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