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Yang C, Lu J, Xiong Z, Wang B, Ren T, Cong R, Lu Z, Li X. Potassium deficiency enhances imbalances in rice water relations under water deficit by decreasing leaf hydraulic conductance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14360. [PMID: 38797869 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient for appropriate plant development and physiology. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the regulation of leaf water relations by K under water deficit. A pot experiment with two K supplies of 0.45 and 0 g K2O per pot (3 kg soil per pot) and two watering conditions (well-watered and water-deficit) was conducted to explore the effects of K deficiency on canopy transpiration characteristics, leaf water status, photosynthesis, and hydraulic traits in two rice genotypes with contrasting resistance to drought. The results showed that K deficiency reduced canopy transpiration rate by decreasing stomatal conductance, which led to higher canopy temperatures, resulting in limited water deficit tolerance in rice. In addition, K deficiency led to further substantial reductions in leaf relative water content and water potential under water deficit, which increased the imbalance in leaf water relations under water deficit. Notably, K deficiency limited leaf gas exchange by reducing leaf hydraulic conductance, but decreased the intrinsic water use efficiency under water deficit, especially for the drought-resistant cultivar. Further analysis of the underlying process of leaf hydraulic resistance revealed that the key limiting factor of leaf hydraulic conductance under K deficiency was the outside-xylem hydraulic conductance rather than the xylem hydraulic conductance. Overall, our results provide a comprehensive perspective for assessing leaf water relations under K deficiency, water deficit, and their combined stresses, which will be useful for optimal rice fertilization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihao Xiong
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Shuangshui Shuanglü Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Wang Y, Liu H, Bai L, Liu R, Jiang H, Tan J, Chen J. Overexpression of OsNAR2.1 by OsNAR2.1 promoter increases drought resistance by increasing the expression of OsPLDα1 in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:321. [PMID: 38654179 PMCID: PMC11040742 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND pOsNAR2.1:OsNAR2.1 expression could significantly increase nitrogen uptake efficiency and grain yield of rice. RESULT This study reported the effects of overexpression of OsNAR2.1 by OsNAR2.1 promoter on physiological and agronomic traits associated with drought tolerance. In comparison to the wild-type (WT), the pOsNAR2.1:OsNAR2.1 transgenic lines exhibited a significant improvement in survival rate when subjected to drought stress and then irrigation. Under limited water supply conditions, compared with WT, the photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE) of transgenic lines were increased by 39.2% and 28.8%, respectively. Finally, the transgenic lines had 25.5% and 66.4% higher grain yield than the WT under full watering and limited water supply conditions, respectively. Compared with the WT, the agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of transgenic lines increased by 25.5% and 66.4% under full watering and limited water supply conditions, and the N recovery efficiency of transgenic lines increased by 29.3% and 50.2%, respectively. The interaction between OsNAR2.1 protein and OsPLDα1 protein was verified by yeast hybrids. After drought treatment, PLDα activity on the plasma membrane of the transgenic line increased 85.0% compared with WT. CONCLUSION These results indicated that pOsNAR2.1:OsNAR2.1 expression could improve the drought resistance of rice by increasing nitrogen uptake and regulating the expression of OsPLDα1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Wang
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, Hainan, 572025, China
| | - Lu Bai
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Ruifang Liu
- The High School Affiliated to Renmin, University of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518119, China
| | - Hongzhen Jiang
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Jinfang Tan
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Jingguang Chen
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.
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Zhou C, Yang N, Tian C, Wen S, Zhang C, Zheng A, Hu X, Fang J, Zhang Z, Lai Z, Lin Y, Guo Y. The miR166 targets CsHDZ3 genes to negatively regulate drought tolerance in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130735. [PMID: 38471611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Drought is the stressor with a significant adverse impact on the yield stability of tea plants. HD-ZIP III transcription factors (TFs) play important regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, whether and how HD-ZIP III TFs are involved in drought response and tolerance in tea plants remains unclear. Here, we identified seven HD-ZIP III genes (CsHDZ3-1 to CsHDZ3-7) in tea plant genome. The evolutionary analysis demonstrated that CsHDZ3 members were subjected to purify selection. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that all seven CsHDZ3s located in the nucleus. Yeast self-activation and dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that CsHDZ3-1 to CsHDZ3-4 have trans-activation ability whereas CsHDZ3-5 to CsHDZ3-7 served as transcriptional inhibitors. The qRT-PCR assay showed that all seven CsHDZ3 genes could respond to simulated natural drought stress and polyethylene glycol treatment. Further assays verified that all CsHDZ3 genes can be cleaved by csn-miR166. Overexpression of csn-miR166 inhibited the expression of seven CsHDZ3 genes and weakened drought tolerance of tea leaves. In contrast, suppression of csn-miR166 promoted the expression of seven CsHDZ3 genes and enhanced drought tolerance of tea leaves. These findings established the foundation for further understanding the mechanism of CsHDZ3-miR166 modules' participation in drought responses and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhe Zhou
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Niannian Yang
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Caiyun Tian
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shengjing Wen
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Anru Zheng
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiaxin Fang
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuling Lin
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuqiong Guo
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Tea Industry Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Li H, Song K, Zhang X, Wang D, Dong S, Liu Y, Yang L. Application of Multi-Perspectives in Tea Breeding and the Main Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12643. [PMID: 37628823 PMCID: PMC10454712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea plants are an economically important crop and conducting research on tea breeding contributes to enhancing the yield and quality of tea leaves as well as breeding traits that satisfy the requirements of the public. This study reviews the current status of tea plants germplasm resources and their utilization, which has provided genetic material for the application of multi-omics, including genomics and transcriptomics in breeding. Various molecular markers for breeding were designed based on multi-omics, and available approaches in the direction of high yield, quality and resistance in tea plants breeding are proposed. Additionally, future breeding of tea plants based on single-cellomics, pangenomics, plant-microbe interactions and epigenetics are proposed and provided as references. This study aims to provide inspiration and guidance for advancing the development of genetic breeding in tea plants, as well as providing implications for breeding research in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Long Yang
- College of Plant Protection and Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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Genome-Wide Association Studies of Root-Related Traits in Brassica napus L. under Low-Potassium Conditions. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141826. [PMID: 35890461 PMCID: PMC9318150 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Roots are essential organs for a plant’s ability to absorb water and obtain mineral nutrients, hence they are critical to its development. Plants use root architectural alterations to improve their chances of absorbing nutrients when their supply is low. Nine root traits of a Brassica napus association panel were explored in hydroponic-system studies under low potassium (K) stress to unravel the genetic basis of root growth in rapeseed. The quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes for root development were discovered using a multilocus genome-wide association study (ML-GWAS). For the nine traits, a total of 453 significant associated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were discovered, which were then integrated into 206 QTL clusters. There were 45 pleiotropic clusters, and qRTA04-4 and qRTC04-7 were linked to TRL, TSA, and TRV at the same time, contributing 5.25–11.48% of the phenotypic variance explained (PVE) to the root traits. Additionally, 1360 annotated genes were discovered by examining genomic regions within 100 kb upstream and downstream of lead SNPs within the 45 loci. Thirty-five genes were identified as possibly regulating root-system development. As per protein–protein interaction analyses, homologs of three genes (BnaC08g29120D, BnaA07g10150D, and BnaC04g45700D) have been shown to influence root growth in earlier investigations. The QTL clusters and candidate genes identified in this work will help us better understand the genetics of root growth traits and could be employed in marker-assisted breeding for rapeseed adaptable to various conditions with low K levels.
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Han B, Cui D, Ma X, Cao G, Zhang H, Koh HJ, Han L. Evidence for evolution and selection of drought-resistant genes based on high-throughput resequencing in weedy rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1949-1962. [PMID: 35179195 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) is a relative of cultivated rice that propagates in paddy fields and has strong drought resistance. In this study, we used 501 rice accessions to reveal the selection mechanism of drought resistance in weedy rice through a combination of selection analysis, genome-wide association studies, gene knockout and overexpression analysis, and Ca2+ and K+ ion flux assays. The results showed that the weedy rice species investigated have gene introgression with cultivated rice, which is consistent with the hypothesis that weedy rice originated from de-domestication of cultivated rice. Regions related to tolerance have particularly diversified during de-domestication and three drought-tolerance genes were identified. Of these, Os01g0800500 was also identified using an assay of the degree of leaf withering under drought, and it was named as PAPH1, encoding a PAP family protein. The drought-resistance capacity of PAPH1-knockout lines was much lower than that of the wild type, while that of overexpression lines was much higher. Concentrations of Ca2+ and K+ were lower in the knockout lines and higher in the overexpression lines compared with those of the wild type, suggesting that PAPH1 plays important roles in coping with drought stress. Our study therefore provides new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying adaptive tolerance to drought in wild rice and highlights potential new resistance genes for future breeding programs in cultivated rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Cui
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoding Ma
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guilan Cao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hee Jong Koh
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, >Korea
| | - Longzhi Han
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Tavakol E, Jákli B, Cakmak I, Dittert K, Senbayram M. Optimization of Potassium Supply under Osmotic Stress Mitigates Oxidative Damage in Barley. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010055. [PMID: 35009058 PMCID: PMC8747552 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is the most abundant cation in plants, playing an important role in osmoregulation. Little is known about the effect of genotypic variation in the tolerance to osmotic stress under different K treatments in barley. In this study, we measured the interactive effects of osmotic stress and K supply on growth and stress responses of two barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) and monitored reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with enzymatic antioxidant activity and their respective gene expression level. The selected cultivars (cv. Milford and cv. Sahin-91Sahin-91) were exposed to osmotic stress (-0.7 MPa) induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) under low (0.04 mM) and adequate (0.8 mM) K levels in the nutrient solution. Leaf samples were collected and analyzed for levels of K, ROS, kinetic activity of antioxidants enzymes and expression levels of respective genes during the stress period. The results showed that optimal K supply under osmotic stress significantly decreases ROS production and adjusts antioxidant activity, leading to the reduction of oxidative stress in the studied plants. The cultivar Milford had a lower ROS level and a better tolerance to stress compared to the cultivar Sahin-91. We conclude that optimized K supply is of great importance in mitigating ROS-related damage induced by osmotic stress, specifically in drought-sensitive barley cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ershad Tavakol
- K+S Minerals and Agriculture GmbH, Bertha-von-Suttner Str. 7, 34041 Kassel, Germany
| | - Bálint Jákli
- Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-v.-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Ismail Cakmak
- Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Tuzla, Turkey;
| | - Klaus Dittert
- Department of Crop Sciences, Section of Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37075 Gottingen, Germany;
| | - Mehmet Senbayram
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, University of Harran, Osmanbey, 63000 Sanliurfa, Turkey;
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Lu J, Du J, Tian L, Li M, Zhang X, Zhang S, Wan X, Chen Q. Divergent Response Strategies of CsABF Facing Abiotic Stress in Tea Plant: Perspectives From Drought-Tolerance Studies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:763843. [PMID: 34868162 PMCID: PMC8635920 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.763843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the bZIP family plays vital roles in various biological processes, including seed maturation, flower development, light signal transduction, pathogen defense, and various stress responses. Tea, as a popular beverage, is widely cultivated and has withstood a degree of environmental adversity. Currently, knowledge of the bZIP gene family in tea plants remains very limited. In this study, a total of 76 CsbZIP genes in tea plant were identified for the whole genome. Phylogenetic analysis with Arabidopsis counterparts revealed that CsbZIP proteins clustered into 13 subgroups, among which 13 ABFs related to the ABA signaling transduction pathway were further identified by conserved motif alignment and named CsABF1-13, these belonged to the A and S subgroups of CsbZIP and had close evolutionary relationships, possessing uniform or similar motif compositions. Transcriptome analysis revealed the expression profiles of CsABF genes in different tissues (bud, young leaf, mature leaf, old leaf, stem, root, flower, and fruit) and under diverse environmental stresses (drought, salt, chilling, and MeJA). Several CsABF genes with relatively low tissue expression, including CsABF1, CsABF5, CsABF9, and CsABF10, showed strong expression induction in stress response. Thirteen CsABF genes, were examined by qRT-PCR in two tea plant cultivars, drought-tolerant "Taicha 12" and drought-sensitive "Fuyun 6", under exogenous ABA and drought stress. Furthermore, CsABF2, CsABF8, and CsABF11, were screened out as key transcription factors regulating drought tolerance of tea cultivars. Subsequently, some potential target genes regulated by CsABFs were screened by co-expression network and enrichment analysis. This study update CsbZIP gene family and provides a global survey of the ABF gene family in tea plant. The resolution of the molecular mechanism of drought resistance in different varieties could be helpful for improving stress resistance in tea plant via genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinke Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Liying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengshuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xianchen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shihua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Health, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Jin J, Zhao M, Gao T, Jing T, Zhang N, Wang J, Zhang X, Huang J, Schwab W, Song C. Amplification of early drought responses caused by volatile cues emitted from neighboring plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:243. [PMID: 34782598 PMCID: PMC8593122 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to survive in dynamic environments. Plants can communicate via volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to warn neighboring plants of threats. In most cases, VOCs act as positive regulators of plant defense. However, the communication and role of volatiles in response to drought stress are poorly understood. Here, we showed that tea plants release numerous VOCs. Among them, methyl salicylate (MeSA), benzyl alcohol, and phenethyl alcohol markedly increased under drought stress. Interestingly, further experiments revealed that drought-induced MeSA lowered the abscisic acid (ABA) content in neighboring plants by reducing 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) gene expression, resulting in inhibition of stomatal closure and ultimately decreasing early drought tolerance in neighboring plants. Exogenous application of ABA reduced the wilting of tea plants caused by MeSA exposure. Exposure of Nicotiana benthamiana to MeSA also led to severe wilting, indicating that the ability of drought-induced MeSA to reduce early drought tolerance in neighboring plants may be conserved in other plant species. Taken together, these results provide evidence that drought-induced volatiles can reduce early drought tolerance in neighboring plants and lay a novel theoretical foundation for optimizing plant density and spacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xianchen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jin Huang
- Biotechnology Institute, Chengdu Newsun Crop Science Co., Ltd, 610212, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China.
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10
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Lv Z, Zhang C, Shao C, Liu B, Liu E, Yuan D, Zhou Y, Shen C. Research progress on the response of tea catechins to drought stress. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5305-5313. [PMID: 34031895 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress (DS) is the most important abiotic stress affecting yield and quality of tea worldwide. DS causes oxidative stress to cells due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). As non-enzymatic antioxidants, tea catechins can scavenge excess ROS in response to DS. Further, catechin accumulation contributes to the formation of oxidative polymerization products (e.g. theaflavins and thearubigins) that improve the quality of black tea. However, there are no systematic reports on the response of tea catechins to DS. First, we reviewed the available literature on the response of tea plants to DS. Second, we summarized the current knowledge of ROS production in tea leaves under DS and typical antioxidant response mechanisms. Third, we conducted a detailed review of the changes in catechin levels in tea under different drought conditions. We found that the total amounts of catechin and o-quinone increased under DS conditions. We propose that the possible mechanisms underlying tea catechin accumulation under DS conditions include (i) autotrophic formation of o-quinone, (ii) polymerization of proanthocyanidins that directly scavenge excess ROS, and (iii) formation of metal ion complexes and by influencing the antioxidant systems that indirectly eliminate excess ROS. Finally, we discuss ways of potentially improving black tea quality using drought before picking in the summer/fall dry season. In summary, we mainly discuss the antioxidant mechanisms of tea catechins under DS and the possibility of using drought to improve black tea quality. Our review provides a theoretical basis for the production of high-quality black tea under DS conditions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenyu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Baogui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Enshuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Danni Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuebing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengwen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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11
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Zhao W, Dong H, Zhou Z, Wang Y, Hu W. Potassium (K) application alleviates the negative effect of drought on cotton fiber strength by sustaining higher sucrose content and carbohydrates conversion rate. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:105-113. [PMID: 33099118 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) application can alleviate the negative effect of drought on fiber strength of cotton, but the involved physiological mechanism is still unclear. To explore this, two cotton varieties, Siza 3 and Simian 3, were planted under three K levels of 0, 150 and 300 kg K2O ha-1. These were exposed to two water regimes consisting of a well-watered level (WW) of 75 ± 5% soil relative water content (RSWC) and a short-term drought stress (DS) of 40 ± 5% SRWC at flowering and boll development stage of cotton. Results revealed that cotton fiber strength of the 7th main-stem fruiting branch (FB7, middle branch) and 3rd main-stem fruiting branch (FB3, lower branch) significantly decreased under drought conditions. The K application significantly increased cotton fiber strength on all FBs under both WW and DS conditions and alleviated the fiber strength decline on FB3 and FB7 under drought. Correspondingly, K application alleviated the DS-caused decrease of sucrose content, cellulose content, sucrose and callose conversion rate, and SuSy and β-1,3-glucanase activities. Correlation analysis also revealed that sucrose content was the most associated to final cotton fiber strength, followed by callose and sucrose conversion rate. Greater increase in enzymes activity, carbohydrate content and conversion rate, and final fiber strength by K application was observed in Siza 3 than in Simian 3 under DS. Summarily, since the carbohydrate content and enzymes activity under DS increased with the increase of K application, the negative effect of DS on fiber strength on FB3 and FB7 gradually reduced. Sustaining higher sucrose content and carbohydrate conversion rate (CCR) would be the strategy for K alleviating the DS-induced decline in fiber strength in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haoran Dong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Key Laboratory of Edible Fungal Resources and Utilization (South), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding of Shanghai, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Youhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Xianchen Z, Huiguang J, Xiaochun W, Yeyun L. The effects of different types of mulch on soil properties and tea production and quality. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:5292-5300. [PMID: 32542650 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea is an important economic crop in China. Mulching, a modern agricultural practice, can modify the soil microenvironment and maintain the crop yield. RESULTS To investigate the effect of different mulching modes on tea plant growth, filed experiments were conducted in a Shizipu tea plantation located in Langxi Country (Xuanchen City, Anhui Province, China). Five treatments were carried out in a randomized complete block arrangement: (i) clean tillage (control); (ii) black plastic film; (iii) weed barrier fabric; (iv) rice straw mulch; and (v) intercropping with Vulpia myuros. The effects of different mulch modes on soil temperature, water moisture, soil compactness, root activity, soil enzyme activity and nutrition status on tea yield, quality and economic benefits were compared at the harvest stage. In the present study, compared with other mulch treatments, intercropping with V. myuros significantly reduced the topsoil temperature (to an optimum temperature) and soil compactness, and increased the water holding capacity in the deep soil layer, which contributed to increased tea root activity and respiration. Furthermore, intercropping with V. myuros significantly increased soil enzymes activity, soil organic matter, and the available nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the main root zone. Therefore, the stronger tea root activity accelerated nutrition uptake and increased the tea yield and quality-related components of the tea, thus resulting in a larger average net income. CONCLUSION Intercropping with V. myuros could serve as a profitable agricultural method for tea production. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Xianchen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiang Huiguang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wan Xiaochun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Yeyun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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13
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Zhang C, Wang M, Chen J, Gao X, Shao C, Lv Z, Jiao H, Xu H, Shen C. Survival strategies based on the hydraulic vulnerability segmentation hypothesis, for the tea plant [Camellia sinensis(L.) O. Kuntze] in long-term drought stress condition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:484-493. [PMID: 33038691 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tea plants are important economic perennial crops that can be negatively impacted by drought stress (DS). However, their survival strategies in long-term DS conditions and the accumulation and influence of metabolites and mineral elements (MEs) in their organs, when facing hydraulic vulnerability segmentation, require further investigation. The MEs and metabolites in the leaf, stem, and root after long-term DS (20 d) were examined here, using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The accumulation patterns of 116 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and nine MEs were considerably affected in all organs. The concentration of all MEs varied significantly in at least one organ, while the K and Ca levels were markedly altered in all three. Most DAM levels increased in the stem but decreased in the root and leaf, implying that vulnerability segmentation may occur with long-term DS. The typical nitrogen- and carbon-compound levels similarly increased in the stem and decreased in the leaf and root, as the plant might respond to long-term DS by stabilizing respiration, promoting nitrogen recycling, and free radical scavenging. Correlation analysis showed several possible DAM-ME interactions and an association between Mn and flavonoids. Thus, survival strategies under long-term DS included sacrificing distal/vulnerable organs and accumulating function-specialized metabolites and MEs to mitigate drought-induced oxidative damage. This is the first study that reports substance fluctuations after long-term DS in different organs of plants, and highlights the need to use whole plants to fully comprehend stress response strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Minhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Jianjiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Xizhi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Chenyu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Zhidong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Haizhen Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Huaqin Xu
- College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Chengwen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
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14
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Feng X, Liu W, Qiu C, Zeng F, Wang Y, Zhang G, Chen Z, Wu F. HvAKT2 and HvHAK1 confer drought tolerance in barley through enhanced leaf mesophyll H + homoeostasis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1683-1696. [PMID: 31917885 PMCID: PMC7336388 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant K+ uptake typically consists low-affinity mechanisms mediated by Shaker K+ channels (AKT/KAT/KC) and high-affinity mechanisms regulated by HAK/KUP/KT transporters, which are extensively studied. However, the evolutionary and genetic roles of both K+ uptake mechanisms for drought tolerance are not fully explored in crops adapted to dryland agriculture. Here, we employed evolutionary bioinformatics, biotechnological and electrophysiological approaches to determine the role of two important K+ transporters HvAKT2 and HvHAK1 in drought tolerance in barley. HvAKT2 and HvHAK1 were cloned and functionally characterized using barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing (BSMV-VIGS) in drought-tolerant wild barley XZ5 and agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer in the barley cultivar Golden Promise. The hallmarks of the K+ selective filters of AKT2 and HAK1 are both found in homologues from strepotophyte algae, and they are evolutionarily conserved in strepotophyte algae and land plants. HvAKT2 and HvHAK1 are both localized to the plasma membrane and have high selectivity to K+ and Rb+ over other tested cations. Overexpression of HvAKT2 and HvHAK1 enhanced K+ uptake and H+ homoeostasis leading to drought tolerance in these transgenic lines. Moreover, HvAKT2- and HvHAK1-overexpressing lines showed distinct response of K+ , H+ and Ca2+ fluxes across plasma membrane and production of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in leaves as compared to the wild type and silenced lines. High- and low-affinity K+ uptake mechanisms and their coordination with H+ homoeostasis play essential roles in drought adaptation of wild barley. These findings can potentially facilitate future breeding programs for resilient cereal crops in a changing global climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Wenxing Liu
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Cheng‐Wei Qiu
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhong‐Hua Chen
- School of ScienceHawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain IndustryCollege of AgricultureYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
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15
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Zhang X, Wu H, Chen J, Chen L, Wan X. Chloride and amino acids are associated with K +-alleviated drought stress in tea (Camellia sinesis). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:398-408. [PMID: 32138810 DOI: 10.1071/fp19221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the main limiting factors affecting tea plant yield and quality. Previous studies have reported that K+ (potassium) application significantly alleviated drought-induced damage in tea plants. However, the intrinsic mechanisms underlying K+-alleviated drought stress are still obscure. In our study, two contrasting varieties, Taicha12 (drought tolerant) and Fuyun6 (drought sensitive), were used to investigate the intrinsic mechanisms behind K+-alleviated drought stress in tea plants. In the present study, we compared with the case of tea plants under drought: higher water and chlorophyll contents were found in drought-stressed tea plants with an external K+ supply, confirming the role of externally supplied K+ in mitigating drought stress. We also found that an adequate K+ supply promoted Cl- accumulation in the mesophyll of Taicha12 (drought tolerant) over that of in Fuyun6 (drought sensitive). Moreover, Gly, Cys, Lys and Arg were not detected in Fuyun6 under 'Drought' or 'Drought + K+' conditions. Results showed that an exogenous supply of Arg and Val significantly alleviated drought-induced damage in Fuyun6, suggesting their role in K+-alleviated drought stress in tea plants. Collectively, our results show that chloride and amino acids are important components associated with K+-alleviated drought stress in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilisation, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Honghong Wu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; and College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingguang Chen
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linmu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilisation, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilisation, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; and Corresponding author.
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