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Li G, Manzoor MA, Ren X, Huang S, Wei Y, Zhang S, Sun Y, Cai Y, Zhang M, Song C. Functional analysis of two caffeoyl-coenzyme 3 a-o-methyltransferase involved in pear lignin metabolism. Gene 2024; 928:148810. [PMID: 39089530 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Caffeoyl-coenzyme 3 A-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) plays a crucial role in the lignin synthesis in many higher plants. In this study, nine PbCCoAOMT genes in total were identified from pear, and classified into six categories. We treated pear fruits with hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) and observed differential expression levels of these genes. Through qRT-PCR, we also preliminarily identified candidate PbCCoAOMT gene, potentially involved in lignin synthesis in pear fruits. Additionally, the overexpression of PbCCoAOMT1/2 in Arabidopsis and pear fruits increased in lignin content. Enzymatic assays showed that recombinant PbCCoAOMT1/2 proteins have similar enzymatic activity in vitro. The Y1H (Yeast one-hybrid) and dual luciferase (dual-LUC) experiments demonstrated that PbMYB25 can bind to the AC elements in the promoter region of the PbCCoAOMT1 gene. Our findings suggested that the PbCCoAOMT1 and PbCCoAOMT2 genes may contribute to the synthesis of lignin and provide insights into the mechanism of lignin biosynthesis and stone cell development in pear fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Improvement of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, China
| | - Muhammad Aamir Manzoor
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shiping Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Improvement of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, China
| | - Yuxin Wei
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Improvement of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Improvement of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, China
| | - Yanming Sun
- Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yongping Cai
- Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Improvement of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, China.
| | - Cheng Song
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Improvement of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, China.
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2
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Wang B, Hai Y, Zhang L, Zhang M, Ding N, Fan J, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Wang J, Wang X, Li J, Tu P, Liu X, Shi SP. Identification of O-Methyltransferases Potentially Contributing to the Structural Diversity of 2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromones in Agarwood. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:13297-13307. [PMID: 38830127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromones (PECs) are the primary constituents responsible for the promising pharmacological activities and unique fragrance of agarwood. However, the O-methyltransferases (OMTs) involved in the formation of diverse methylated PECs have not been reported. In this study, we identified one Mg2+-dependent caffeoyl-CoA-OMT subfamily enzyme (AsOMT1) and three caffeic acid-OMT subfamily enzymes (AsOMT2-4) from NaCl-treated Aquilaria sinensis calli. AsOMT1 not only converts caffeoyl-CoA to feruloyl-CoA but also performs nonregioselective methylation at either the 6-OH or 7-OH position of 6,7-dihydroxy-PEC. On the other hand, AsOMT2-4 preferentially utilizes PECs as substrates to produce structurally diverse methylated PECs. Additionally, AsOMT2-4 also accepts nonPEC-type substrates such as caffeic acid and apigenin to generate methylated products. Protein structure prediction and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that residues of L313 and I318 in AsOMT3, as well as S292 and F313 in AsOMT4 determine the distinct regioselectivity of these two OMTs toward apigenin. These findings provide important biochemical evidence of the remarkable structural diversity of PECs in agarwood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hai
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Ding
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangping Fan
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zekun Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - She-Po Shi
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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Wang W, Li Y, Cai C, Zhu Q. Auxin response factors fine-tune lignin biosynthesis in response to mechanical bending in bamboo. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1161-1176. [PMID: 37964659 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignin contributes to plant mechanical properties during bending loads. Meanwhile, phytohormone auxin controls various plant biological processes. However, the mechanism of auxin's role in bending-induced lignin biosynthesis was unclear, especially in bamboo, celebrated for its excellent deformation stability. Here, we reported that auxin response factors (ARF) 3 and ARF6 from Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz) directly regulate lignin biosynthesis pathway genes, and affect lignin biosynthesis in bamboo. Auxin and lignin exhibited asymmetric distribution patterns, and auxin promoted lignin biosynthesis in response to bending loads in bamboo. Employing transcriptomic and weighted gene co-expression network analysis approach, we discovered that expression patterns of ARF3 and ARF6 strongly correlated with lignin biosynthesis genes. ARF3 and ARF6 directly bind to the promoter regions of 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL3, 4CL7, and 4CL9) or caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT2) genes, pivotal to lignin biosynthesis, and activate their expressions. Notably, the efficacy of this binding hinges on auxin levels. Alternation of the expressions of ARF3 and ARF6 substantially altered lignin accumulation in transgenic bamboo. Collectively, our study shed light on bamboo lignification genetics. Auxin signaling could directly modulate lignin biosynthesis genes to impact plant lignin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center (BFPC), College of Forestry, Haixia Institute for Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yigang Li
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center (BFPC), College of Forestry, Haixia Institute for Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Changyang Cai
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center (BFPC), College of Forestry, Haixia Institute for Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center (BFPC), College of Forestry, Haixia Institute for Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fujian, China
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Liao Z, Liu X, Zheng J, Zhao C, Wang D, Xu Y, Sun C. A multifunctional true caffeoyl coenzyme A O-methyltransferase enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of polymethoxylated flavones in citrus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2049-2066. [PMID: 37086474 PMCID: PMC10315319 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) have received extensive attention due to their abundant bioactivities. Citrus peels specifically accumulate abundant PMFs, and methylation modification is a key step in PMF biosynthesis; however, the function of reported O-methyltransferase (OMT) in citrus is insufficient to elucidate the complete methylation process of PMFs. In this study, we analyzed the accumulation pattern of PMFs in the flavedo of the sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) cultivar "Bingtangcheng" at different developmental stages. We found that accumulation of PMFs was completed at the early stage of fruit development (60-d after flowering). Furthermore, we characterized a true caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (named CsCCoAOMT1) from C. sinensis. Functional analysis in vitro showed that CsCCoAOMT1 preferred flavonoids to caffeoyl-CoA and esculetin. This enzyme efficiently methylated the 6-, 7- 8-, and 3'-OH of a wide array of flavonoids with vicinal hydroxyl groups with a strong preference for quercetin (flavonol) and flavones. The transient overexpression and virus-induced gene silencing experiments verified that CsCCoAOMT1 could promote the accumulation of PMFs in citrus. These results reveal the function of true CCoAOMTs and indicate that CsCCoAOMT1 is a highly efficient multifunctional O-methyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of PMFs in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Liao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Chenning Zhao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Dengliang Wang
- Quzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Xiangshan Country Agricultural Economic Specialty Technology Extension Center, Ningbo 315799, China
| | - Chongde Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
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5
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Kahie MA, Wang Y, Fang P, Qi J, Lei R, Xu J, Lin L, Zhang L, Zhang J, Tao A. Evolution and expression analysis of the caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) gene family in jute (Corchorus L.). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:204. [PMID: 37069498 PMCID: PMC10111781 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09281-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jute is considered one of the most important crops for fiber production and multipurpose usages. Caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) is a crucial enzyme involved in lignin biosynthesis in plants. The potential functions of CCoAOMT in lignin biosynthesis of jute have been reported in several studies. However, little is known about the evolution of the CCoAOMT gene family, and either their expression level at different developing stages in different jute cultivars, as well as under abiotic stresses including salt and drought stress. RESULTS In the present study, 66 CCoAOMT genes from 12 species including 12 and eight CCoAOMTs in Corchorus olitorius and C. capsularis were identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CCoAOMTs could be divided into six groups, and gene expansion was observed in C. olitorius. Furthermore, gene expression analysis of developing jute fibers was conducted at different developmental stages (15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 days after sowing [DAS]) in six varieties (Jute-179 [J179], Lubinyuanguo [LB], and Qiongyueqing [QY] for C. capsularis; Funong No.5 [F5], Kuanyechangguo [KY], and Cvlv [CL] for C. olitorius). The results showed that CCoAOMT1 and CCoAOMT2 were the dominant genes in the CCoAOMT family. Of these two dominant CCoAOMTs, CCoAOMT2 showed a constitutive expression level during the entire growth stages, while CCoAOMT1 exhibited differential expression patterns. These two genes showed higher expression levels in C. olitorius than in C. capsularis. The correlation between lignin content and CCoAOMT gene expression levels indicated that this gene family influences the lignin content of jute. Using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), a substantial up-regulation of CCoAOMTs was detected in stem tissues of jute 24 h after drought treatment, with an up to 17-fold increase in expression compared to that of untreated plants. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a basis for comprehensive genomic studies of the entire CCoAOMT gene family in C. capsularis and C. olitorius. Comparative genomics analysis among the CCoAOMT gene families of 12 species revealed the close evolutionary relationship among Corchorus, Theobroma cacao and Gossypium raimondii. This study also shows that CCoAOMTs are not only involved in lignin biosynthesis, but also are associated with the abiotic stress response in jute, and suggests the potential use of these lignin-related genes to genetically improve the fiber quality of jute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali Kahie
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Center of Genomics & Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science & Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- City University of Mogadishu, Mogadishu, 23111, Somalia
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Center of Genomics & Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science & Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Pingping Fang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jianmin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Rongjie Lei
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiantang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lihui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jisen Zhang
- Center of Genomics & Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science & Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical AgroBiological Resources and Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Aifen Tao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Jia D, Jin C, Gong S, Wang X, Wu T. RNA-Seq and Iso-Seq Reveal the Important Role of COMT and CCoAOMT Genes in Accumulation of Scopoletin in Noni ( Morinda citrifolia). Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1993. [PMID: 36360230 PMCID: PMC9689816 DOI: 10.3390/genes13111993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Scopoletin, the main component of clinical drugs and the functional component of health products, is highly abundant in noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia). Multiple enzyme genes regulate scopoletin accumulation. In the present study, differentially expressed genes of noni were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and the full-length genes by isoform-sequencing (Iso-Seq) to find the critical genes in the scopoletin accumulation mechanism pathway. A total of 32,682 full-length nonchimeric reads (FLNC) were obtained, out of which 16,620 non-redundant transcripts were validated. Based on KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) annotation and differential expression analysis, two differentially expressed genes, caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), were found in the scopoletin accumulation pathway of noni. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), phylogenetic tree analysis, gene expression analysis, and the change in scopoletin content confirmed that these two proteins are important in this pathway. Based on these results, the current study supposed that COMT and CCoAOMT play a significant role in the accumulation of scopoletin in noni fruit, and COMT (gene number: gene 7446, gene 8422, and gene 6794) and CCoAOMT (gene number: gene 12,084) were more significant. These results provide the importance of COMT and CCoAOMT and a basis for further understanding the accumulation mechanism of scopoletin in noni.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tian Wu
- Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Science School, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650000, China
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Ni R, Niu M, Fu J, Tan H, Zhu TT, Zhang J, Lou HX, Zhang P, Li JX, Cheng AX. Molecular and structural characterization of a promiscuous chalcone synthase from the fern species Stenoloma chusanum. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1935-1951. [PMID: 35920566 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The key enzymes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway have been extensively studied in seed plants, but relatively less in ferns. In this study, two 4-Coumarate: coenzyme A ligases (Sc4CL1 and Sc4CL2) and one novel chalcone synthase (ScCHS1) were functionally characterized by mining the Stenoloma chusanum transcriptome database. Recombinant Sc4CLs were able to esterify various hydroxycinnamic acids to corresponding acyl-coenzyme A (CoA). ScCHS1 could catalyze p-coumaroyl-CoA, cinnamoyl-CoA, caffeoyl-CoA, and feruloyl-CoA to form naringenin, pinocembrin, eriodictyol, and homoeriodictyol, respectively. Moreover, enzymatic kinetics studies revealed that the optimal substrates of ScCHS1 were feruloyl-CoA and caffeoyl-CoA, rather than p-coumaroyl-CoA, which was substantially different from the common CHSs. Crystallographic and site-directed mutagenesis experiments indicated that the amino acid residues, Leu87, Leu97, Met165, and Ile200, located in the substrate-binding pocket near the B-ring of products, could exert a significant impact on the unique catalytic activity of ScCHS1. Furthermore, overexpression of ScCHS1 in tt4 mutants could partially rescue the mutant phenotypes. Finally, ScCHS1 and Sc4CL1 were used to synthesize flavanones and flavones with multi-substituted hydroxyl and methoxyl B-ring in Escherichia coli, which can effectively eliminate the need for the cytochrome P450 hydroxylation/O-methyltransferase from simple phenylpropanoid acids. In summary, the identification of these important Stenoloma enzymes provides a springboard for the future production of various flavonoids in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Meng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian-Xu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
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Song JL, Wang ZY, Wang YH, Du J, Wang CY, Zhang XQ, Chen S, Huang XL, Xie XM, Zhong TX. Overexpression of Pennisetum purpureum CCoAOMT Contributes to Lignin Deposition and Drought Tolerance by Promoting the Accumulation of Flavonoids in Transgenic Tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:884456. [PMID: 35620690 PMCID: PMC9129916 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.884456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) is a fast-growing and low-nutrient demand plant that is widely used as a forage grass and potential energy crop in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, and the United States. Transgenic tobacco with the PpCCoAOMT gene from Pennisetum purpureum produces high lignin content that is associated with drought tolerance in relation to lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), along with higher antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment. In this study, transgenic tobacco plants revealed no obvious cost to plant growth when expressing the PpCCoAOMT gene. Metabolomic studies demonstrated that tobacco plants tolerant to drought stress accumulated flavonoids under normal and drought conditions, which likely explains the observed tolerance phenotype in wild-type tobacco. Our results suggest that plants overexpressing PpCCoAOMT were better able to cope with water deficit than were wild-type controls; metabolic flux was redirected within primary and specialized metabolism to induce metabolites related to defense to drought stress. These results could help to develop drought-resistant plants for agriculture in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ling Song
- Office of Academic Research, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, China
| | - Ze-Yu Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Hua Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Du
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ming Xie
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Xiu Zhong
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Xu RX, Ni R, Gao S, Fu J, Xiong RL, Zhu TT, Lou HX, Cheng AX. Molecular cloning and characterization of two distinct caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferases (CCoAOMTs) from the liverwort Marchantia paleacea. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 314:111102. [PMID: 34895539 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferases (CCoAOMTs) catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to a hydroxyl moiety of caffeoyl-CoA as part of the lignin biosynthetic pathway. CCoAOMT-like proteins also catalyze to a variety of flavonoids, coumarins, and phenylpropanoids. Several CCoAOMTs that prefer flavonoids as substrates have been characterized from liverworts. Here, we cloned two CCoAOMT genes, MpalOMT2 and MpalOMT3, from the liverwort Marchantia paleacea. MpalOMT3 has a second ATG codon downstream and the truncated version that lacks 11 amino acids was named MpalOMT3-Tr. Phylogenetic analysis placed MpalOMT3 at the root of the clade with true CCoAOMTs from vascular plants and placed MpalOMT2 between the CCoAOMT and CCoAOMT-like proteins. Recombinant OMTs methylated caffeoyl CoA, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids containing two or three vicinal hydroxyl groups. MpalOMT3 showed higher catalytic activity for phenylpropanoids than MpalOMT2, but MpalOMT2 showed more promiscuous towards eriodictyol and myricetin. The lignin content in Arabidopsis thaliana stems increased with constitutive heterologous expression of MpalOMT3-Tr, but not MpalOMT2. Subcellular localization experiments indicated that the N-terminus of MpalOMT3 probably served as a chloroplast transit peptide and inhibited its enzymatic activity. Combining the phylogenetic analysis and functional characterization, we conclude that the liverwort M. paleacea harbors true CCoAOMT and CCoAOMT-like genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Rong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Rui-Lin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Yuan JC, Xiong RL, Zhu TT, Ni R, Fu J, Lou HX, Cheng AX. Cloning and functional characterization of three flavonoid O-glucosyltransferase genes from the liverworts Marchantia emarginata and Marchantia paleacea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:495-504. [PMID: 34166976 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoid glycosides are important plant secondary metabolites with broad pharmacological activities. Flavonoid glycosides are generated from aglycones, in reactions catalyzed by typical uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Liverworts produce various types of flavonoid glycosides; however, only two UGTs have been characterized from liverworts to date. Here, we isolated three genes encoding UGTs (MeUGT1, MeUGT2, and MpalUGT1) from the liverwort species Marchantia emarginata and Marchantia paleacea through transcriptome sequencing. Recombinant MeUGT1, MeUGT2, and MpalUGT1 proteins heterologously produced in Escherichia coli exhibited catalytic activity towards multiple flavonoids. MeUGT1 and MpalUGT1 catalyzed the glycosylation of flavonols into the corresponding 3-O-glucosides with UDP-glucose as the sugar donor, while MeUGT2 exhibited a wider substrate specificity that included flavonols, flavones, and flavanones. When MeUGT2 was expressed in E. coli, the yield of flavonol 3-O-glucosides reached to 40-60% with feeding of the substrates kaempferol or quercetin under optimal conditions. Furthermore, heterologous expression of MeUGT1 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased the flavonol glycoside contents in the plants. Therefore, the UGTs characterized in this study could provide new data that will be useful for examining flavonoid biosynthesis in liverworts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Cong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Rui-Lin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Rong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Yao T, Feng K, Xie M, Barros J, Tschaplinski TJ, Tuskan GA, Muchero W, Chen JG. Phylogenetic Occurrence of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway and Lignin Biosynthesis in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:704697. [PMID: 34484267 PMCID: PMC8416159 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.704697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid pathway serves as a rich source of metabolites in plants and provides precursors for lignin biosynthesis. Lignin first appeared in tracheophytes and has been hypothesized to have played pivotal roles in land plant colonization. In this review, we summarize recent progress in defining the lignin biosynthetic pathway in lycophytes, monilophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. In particular, we review the key structural genes involved in p-hydroxyphenyl-, guaiacyl-, and syringyl-lignin biosynthesis across plant taxa and consider and integrate new insights on major transcription factors, such as NACs and MYBs. We also review insight regarding a new transcriptional regulator, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, canonically identified as a key enzyme in the shikimate pathway. We use several case studies, including EPSP synthase, to illustrate the evolution processes of gene duplication and neo-functionalization in lignin biosynthesis. This review provides new insights into the genetic engineering of the lignin biosynthetic pathway to overcome biomass recalcitrance in bioenergy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yao
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Kai Feng
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Meng Xie
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
| | - Jaime Barros
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Timothy J. Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
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Fu Y, Zhu Y, Yang W, Xu W, Li Q, Chen M, Yang L. Isolation and functional identification of a Botrytis cinerea-responsive caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase gene from Lilium regale wilson. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:379-389. [PMID: 33197727 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In plants, genes involved in the Phenylpropanoid/monolignol pathway play important roles in lignin biosynthesis and plant immunity. However, their biological function in Lilium remains poorly characterized. Comparative RNA sequencing of the expression profiles of the monolignol pathway genes from fungi-resistant species Lilium regale after inoculation with Botrytis cinerea was performed. One upregulated caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase gene, LrCCoAOMT, was cloned for functional characterization by reverse genetic methods. LrCCoAOMT encodes a putative protein of 246 amino acids and is highly expressed in stem tissues and responsive to salicylic acid (SA) signaling and B. cinerea infection. LrCCoAOMT was largely directed to the cytoplasm. LrCCoAOMT overexpression in Arabidopsis resulted in an increased lignin deposition in vascular tissues and conferred resistance to B. cinerea infection in transgenic plants. Transient transformation of LrCCoAOMT in nonresistant Lilium sargentiae leaves also identified the defense function to B. cinerea. In addition, transcript levels of genes involved in the monolignol and SA-dependent signaling pathways were altered in transgenic Arabidopsis, suggesting that LrCCoAOMT might play vital roles in the resistance of L. regale to B. cinerea related to the levels of lignin and the regulation of SA signaling. This is the first report to functionally characterize a CCoAOMT gene in Lilium, a potential molecular target for lily molecular improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyao Fu
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - WenJi Xu
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China.
| | - Liping Yang
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China.
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Tyurin AA, Suhorukova AV, Kabardaeva KV, Goldenkova-Pavlova IV. Transient Gene Expression is an Effective Experimental Tool for the Research into the Fine Mechanisms of Plant Gene Function: Advantages, Limitations, and Solutions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1187. [PMID: 32933006 PMCID: PMC7569937 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A large data array on plant gene expression accumulated thanks to comparative omic studies directs the efforts of researchers to the specific or fine effects of the target gene functions and, as a consequence, elaboration of relatively simple and concurrently effective approaches allowing for the insight into the physiological role of gene products. Numerous studies have convincingly demonstrated the efficacy of transient expression strategy for characterization of the plant gene functions. The review goals are (i) to consider the advantages and limitations of different plant systems and methods of transient expression used to find out the role of gene products; (ii) to summarize the current data on the use of the transient expression approaches for the insight into fine mechanisms underlying the gene function; and (iii) to outline the accomplishments in efficient transient expression of plant genes. In general, the review discusses the main and critical steps in each of the methods of transient gene expression in plants; areas of their application; main results obtained using plant objects; their contribution to our knowledge about the fine mechanisms of the plant gene functions underlying plant growth and development; and clarification of the mechanisms regulating complex metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Irina V. Goldenkova-Pavlova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPP RAS), Moscow 127276, Russia; (A.A.T.); (A.V.S.); (K.V.K.)
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Shao S, Yang Y, Feng Z, Jiang J, Zhang P. New triacetic acid lactone glycosides from the fruits of Forsythia suspensa and their nitric oxide production inhibitory activity. Carbohydr Res 2020; 488:107908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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