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Vishal B, Krishnamurthy P, Kumar PP. Arabidopsis class II TPS controls root development and confers salt stress tolerance through enhanced hydrophobic barrier deposition. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:115. [PMID: 38613634 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The mechanism of conferring salt tolerance by AtTPS9 involves enhanced deposition of suberin lamellae in the Arabidopsis root endodermis, resulting in reduction of Na+ transported to the leaves. Members of the class I trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) enzymes are known to play an important role in plant growth and development in Arabidopsis. However, class II TPSs and their functions in salinity stress tolerance are not well studied. We characterized the function of a class II TPS gene, AtTPS9, to understand its role in salt stress response and root development in Arabidopsis. The attps9 mutant exhibited significant reduction of soluble sugar levels in the leaves and formation of suberin lamellae (SL) in the endodermis of roots compared to the wild type (WT). The reduction in SL deposition (hydrophobic barriers) leads to increased apoplastic xylem loading, resulting in enhanced Na+ content in the plants, which explains salt sensitivity of the mutant plants. Conversely, AtTPS9 overexpression lines exhibited increased SL deposition in the root endodermis along with increased salt tolerance, showing that regulation of SL deposition is one of the mechanisms of action of AtTPS9 in conferring salt tolerance to Arabidopsis plants. Our data showed that besides salt tolerance, AtTPS9 also regulates seed germination and root development. qRT-PCR analyses showed significant downregulation of selected SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE2 genes (SnRK2s) and ABA-responsive genes in the mutant, suggesting that AtTPS9 may regulate the ABA-signaling intermediates as part of the mechanism conferring salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan Vishal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Queenstown, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Queenstown, 117456, Singapore
| | - Pannaga Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Queenstown, 117543, Singapore
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Queenstown, 117543, Singapore.
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Wang S, Hao X, Liu Y, Chen Y, Qu Y, Wang Z, Shen Y. AnWRKY29 and AnHSP90 synergistically modulate trehalose levels in a desert shrub leaves during osmotic stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14237. [PMID: 38433182 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Trehalose, a biological macromolecule with osmotic adjustment properties, plays a crucial role during osmotic stress. As a psammophyte, Ammopiptanthus nanus relies on the accumulation of organic solutes to respond to osmotic stress. We utilized virus-induced gene silencing technology for the first time in the desert shrub A. nanus to confirm the central regulatory role of AnWRKY29 in osmotic stress, as it controls the transcription of AnTPS11 (trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 11). Further investigation has shown that AnHSP90 may interact with AnWRKY29. The AnHSP90 gene is sensitive to osmotic stress, underscoring its pivotal role in orchestrating the response to such adverse conditions. By directly targeting the W-box element within the AnTPS11 promoter, AnWRKY29 effectively enhances the transcriptional activity of AnTPS11, which is facilitated by AnHSP90. This discovery highlights the critical role of AnWRKY29 and AnHSP90 in enabling organisms to adapt to and cope effectively with osmotic stress, which can be a crucial factor in A. nanus survival and overall ecological resilience. Collectively, uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying the osmotic responses of A. nanus is paramount for comprehending and augmenting the osmotic tolerance mechanisms of psammophyte shrub plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Qu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingbai Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Stroka MA, Reis L, Souza Los KKD, Pinto CA, Gustani FM, Forney CF, Etto RM, Galvão CW, Ayub RA. The maturation profile triggers differential expression of sugar metabolism genes in melon fruits. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108418. [PMID: 38346367 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Melons are commercially important crops that requires specific quality attributes for successful commercialization, including accumulation of sugars, particularly sucrose. This trait can be influenced by various factors, such as the type of ripening. Cucumis melo L. is an ideal species for studying sugar metabolism because it has both climacteric and non-climacteric cultivars. Thus, this study aimed to examine the gene expression of sucrose metabolism candidates using RT-qPCR, in conjunction with postharvest physiological analyzes and high-performance liquid chromatography-based sugar quantification, in the melon cultivars 'Gaúcho' (climacteric) and 'Eldorado' (non-climacteric). The results showed that sucrose synthase 1 played a role in the synthesis and accumulation of sucrose in both cultivars, whereas sucrose synthase 2 was more highly expressed in 'Gaúcho', contributing to lower hexose content. Invertase inhibitor 1 was more highly expressed in 'Eldorado' and may be involved in sugar-induced maturation. Neutral α-galactosidase had distinct functions, playing a role in substrate synthesis for the growth of young 'Eldorado' fruits, whereas in mature 'Gaúcho' fruits it participated in the metabolism of raffinose family oligosaccharides for sucrose accumulation. The expression of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase genes indicated a greater involvement of these enzymes in the sugar regulation in 'Gaúcho' melons. These findings shed light on the intraspecific differences related to fruit quality attributes in different types of maturation and contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the metabolism of sugars in melons, which can inform breeding programs aimed at improving fruit quality attributes in this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Aparecida Stroka
- State University of Ponta Grossa, Department of Plant Science and Phytosanitary, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, 84.030-900, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Reis
- State University of Ponta Grossa, Department of Plant Science and Phytosanitary, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, 84.030-900, Brazil.
| | - Kamila Karoline de Souza Los
- State University of Ponta Grossa, Department of Plant Science and Phytosanitary, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, 84.030-900, Brazil.
| | - Calistene Aparecida Pinto
- State University of Ponta Grossa, Department of Plant Science and Phytosanitary, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, 84.030-900, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Maria Gustani
- State University of Ponta Grossa, Department of Plant Science and Phytosanitary, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, 84.030-900, Brazil.
| | - Charles F Forney
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada, B4N 1J5.
| | - Rafael Mazer Etto
- State University of de Ponta Grossa, Department of Chemistry, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, 84.030-900, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Weigert Galvão
- State University of Ponta Grossa, Department of Molecular Biology, Structural and Genetics, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, 84.030-900, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Antonio Ayub
- State University of Ponta Grossa, Department of Plant Science and Phytosanitary, Paraná, 84.030-900, Brazil.
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Yang B, Zhang L, Xiang S, Chen H, Qu C, Lu K, Li J. Identification of Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase (TPS) Genes Associated with Both Source-/Sink-Related Yield Traits and Drought Response in Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:981. [PMID: 36903842 PMCID: PMC10005558 DOI: 10.3390/plants12050981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is an important enzyme for the synthesis of Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P). In addition to being a signaling regulator of carbon allocation that improves crop yields, T6P also plays essential roles in desiccation tolerance. However, comprehensive studies, such as evolutionary analysis, expression analysis, and functional classification of the TPS family in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) are lacking. Here, we identified 35 BnTPSs, 14 BoTPSs, and 17 BrTPSs in cruciferous plants, which were classified into three subfamilies. Phylogenetic and syntenic analysis of TPS genes in four cruciferous species indicated that only gene elimination occurred during their evolution. Combined phylogenetic, protein property, and expression analysis of the 35 BnTPSs suggested that changes in gene structures might have led to changes in their expression profiles and further functional differentiation during their evolution. In addition, we analyzed one set of transcriptome data from Zhongshuang11 (ZS11) and two sets of data from extreme materials associated with source-/sink-related yield traits and the drought response. The expression levels of four BnTPSs (BnTPS6, BnTPS8, BnTPS9, and BnTPS11) increased sharply after drought stress, and three differentially expressed genes (BnTPS1, BnTPS5, and BnTPS9) exhibited variable expression patterns among source and sink tissues between yield-related materials. Our findings provide a reference for fundamental studies of TPSs in rapeseed and a framework for future functional research of the roles of BnTPSs in both yield and drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Sirou Xiang
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Cunmin Qu
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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Luo D, Mei D, Wei W, Liu J. Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of the R2R3-MYB Subfamily in Brassica napus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12040886. [PMID: 36840234 PMCID: PMC9962269 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The R2R3-MYB sub-family proteins are composed of most members of MYB (v-Myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) protein, a plant-specific transcription factor (TF) that is classified into four classes depending on the number of MYB repeats. R2R3-MYB TFs are involved in physiological and biochemical processes. However, the functions of the Brassica napus R2R3-MYB genes are still mainly unknown. In this study, 35 Brassica napus MYB (BnaMYB) genes were screened in the genome of Brassica napus, and details about their physical and chemical characteristics, evolutionary relationships, chromosome locations, gene structures, three-dimensional protein structures, cis-acting promoter elements, and gene duplications were uncovered. The BnaMYB genes have undergone segmental duplications and positive selection pressure, according to evolutionary studies. The same subfamilies have similar intron-exon patterns and motifs, according to the genes' structure and conserved motifs. Additionally, through cis-element analysis, many drought-responsive and other stress-responsive cis-elements have been found in the promoter regions of the BnaMYB genes. The expression of the BnaMYB gene displays a variety of tissue-specific patterns. Ten lignin-related genes were chosen for drought treatment. Our research screened four genes that showed significant upregulation under drought stress, and thus may be important drought-responsive genes. The findings lay a new foundation for understanding the complex mechanisms of BnaMYB in multiple developmental stages and pathways related to drought stress in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingfan Luo
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Rd., Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Desheng Mei
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Rd., Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wenliang Wei
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Jia Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Rd., Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (J.L.)
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Lu S, Chen Y, Wang S, Han B, Zhao C, Xue P, Zhang Y, Fang H, Wang B, Cao Y. Combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals key components of OsCIPK17 overexpression improves drought tolerance in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1043757. [PMID: 36699859 PMCID: PMC9868928 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1043757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oryza Sativa is one of the most important food crops in China, which is easily affected by drought during its growth and development. As a member of the calcium signaling pathway, CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) plays an important role in plant growth and development as well as environmental stress. However, there is no report on the function and mechanism of OsCIPK17 in rice drought resistance. We combined transcriptional and metabonomic analysis to clarify the specific mechanism of OsCIPK17 in response to rice drought tolerance. The results showed that OsCIPK17 improved drought resistance of rice by regulating deep roots under drought stress; Response to drought by regulating the energy metabolism pathway and controlling the accumulation of citric acid in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; Our exogenous experiments also proved that OsCIPK17 responds to citric acid, and this process involves the auxin metabolism pathway; Exogenous citric acid can improve the drought resistance of overexpression plants. Our research reveals that OsCIPK17 positively regulates rice drought resistance and participates in the accumulation of citric acid in the TCA cycle, providing new insights for rice drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Baohua Wang
- *Correspondence: Baohua Wang, ; Yunying Cao,
| | - Yunying Cao
- *Correspondence: Baohua Wang, ; Yunying Cao,
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Kong L, Liu J, Zhang W, Li X, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhan Z, Piao Z. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthetase Gene Family in Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica rapa) and Plasmodiophora brassicae during Their Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:929. [PMID: 36674458 PMCID: PMC9864397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide that is widely distributed in various organisms. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is a critical enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of trehalose, which serves important functions in growth and development, defense, and stress resistance. Although previous studies have found that the clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae can lead to the accumulation of trehalose in infected Arabidopsis organs, it has been proposed that much of the accumulated trehalose is derived from the pathogen. At present, there is very little evidence to verify this view. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the TPS gene family was conducted in Brassica rapa and Plasmodiophora brassicae. A total of 14 Brassica rapa TPS genes (BrTPSs) and 3 P. brassicae TPS genes (PbTPSs) were identified, and the evolutionary characteristics, functional classification, and expression patterns were analyzed. Fourteen BrTPS genes were classified into two distinct classes according to phylogeny and gene structure. Three PbTPSs showed no significant differences in gene structure and protein conserved motifs. However, evolutionary analysis showed that the PbTPS2 gene failed to cluster with PbTPS1 and PbTPS3. Furthermore, cis-acting elements related to growth and development, defense and stress responsiveness, and hormone responsiveness were predicted in the promoter region of the BrTPS genes. Expression analysis of most BrTPS genes at five stages after P. brassicae interaction found no significant induction. Instead, the expression of the PbTPS genes of P. brassicae was upregulated, which was consistent with the period of trehalose accumulation. This study deepens our understanding of the function and evolution of BrTPSs and PbTPSs. Simultaneously, clarifying the biosynthesis of trehalose in the interaction between Brassica rapa and P. brassicae is also of great significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zongxiang Zhan
- Molecular Biology of Vegetable Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhongyun Piao
- Molecular Biology of Vegetable Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Patono DL, Said‐Pullicino D, Eloi Alcatrāo L, Firbus A, Ivaldi G, Chitarra W, Ferrandino A, Ricauda Aimonino D, Celi L, Gambino G, Perrone I, Lovisolo C. Photosynthetic recovery in drought-rehydrated grapevines is associated with high demand from the sinks, maximizing the fruit-oriented performance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:1098-1111. [PMID: 36209488 PMCID: PMC9828513 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To understand how grapevine sinks compete with each other during water stress and subsequent rehydration, carbon (C) allocation patterns in drought-rehydrated vines (REC) at the beginning of fruit ripening were compared with control vines maintained under drought (WS) or fully irrigated (WW). In the 30 days following rehydration, the quantity and distribution of newly fixed C between leaves, roots and fruits was evaluated through 13 CO2 pulse-labeling and stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry. REC plants diverted the same percentage of fixed C towards the berries as the WS plants, although the percentage was higher than that of WW plants. Net photosynthesis (measured simultaneously with root respiration in a multichamber system for analysis of gas exchange above- and below-ground) was approximately two-fold greater in REC compared to WS treatment, and comparable or even higher than in WW plants. Maximizing C assimilation and delivery in REC plants led to a significantly higher amount of newly fixed C compared to both control treatments, already 2 days after rehydration in root, and 2 days later in the berries, in line with the expression of genes responsible for sugar metabolism. In REC plants, the increase in C assimilation was able to support the requests of the sinks during fruit ripening, without affecting the reserves, as was the case in WS. These mechanisms clarify what is experienced in fruit crops, when occasional rain or irrigation events are more effective in determining sugar delivery towards fruits, rather than constant and satisfactory water availabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide L. Patono
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
| | - Daniel Said‐Pullicino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
| | - Leandro Eloi Alcatrāo
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
| | - Andrea Firbus
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
| | - Giorgio Ivaldi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
| | - Walter Chitarra
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research CouncilTurinItaly
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics‐Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology (CREA‐VE)ConeglianoItaly
| | - Alessandra Ferrandino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
| | | | - Luisella Celi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research CouncilTurinItaly
| | - Irene Perrone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research CouncilTurinItaly
| | - Claudio Lovisolo
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research CouncilTurinItaly
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Characterization of Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase and Trehalose-6-Phosphate Phosphatase Genes of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and Analysis of Their Differential Expression in Response to Temperature. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911436. [PMID: 36232739 PMCID: PMC9569751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, the trehalose biosynthetic pathway plays key roles in the regulation of carbon allocation and stress adaptation. Engineering of the pathway holds great promise to increase the stress resilience of crop plants. The synthesis of trehalose proceeds by a two-step pathway in which a trehalose-phosphate synthase (TPS) uses UDP-glucose and glucose-6-phosphate to produce trehalose-6 phosphate (T6P) that is subsequently dephosphorylated by trehalose-6 phosphate phosphatase (TPP). While plants usually do not accumulate high amounts of trehalose, their genome encodes large families of putative trehalose biosynthesis genes, with many members lacking obvious enzymatic activity. Thus, the function of putative trehalose biosynthetic proteins in plants is only vaguely understood. To gain a deeper insight into the role of trehalose biosynthetic proteins in crops, we assessed the enzymatic activity of the TPS/TPP family from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and investigated their expression pattern in different tissues as well as in response to temperature shifts. From the 10 TPS isoforms tested, only the 2 proteins belonging to class I showed enzymatic activity, while all 5 TPP isoforms investigated were catalytically active. Most of the TPS/TPP family members showed the highest expression in mature leaves, and promoter–reporter gene studies suggest that the two class I TPS genes have largely overlapping expression patterns within the vasculature, with only subtle differences in expression in fruits and flowers. The majority of tomato TPS/TPP genes were induced by heat stress, and individual family members also responded to cold. This suggests that trehalose biosynthetic pathway genes could play an important role during temperature stress adaptation. In summary, our study represents a further step toward the exploitation of the TPS and TPP gene families for the improvement of tomato stress resistance.
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Liu K, Zhou Y. Genome-wide identification of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene family in sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis) and expression analysis in response to phytohormones and abiotic stresses. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13934. [PMID: 36105645 PMCID: PMC9466596 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is an essential enzyme for synthesizing trehalose and is a significant regulator of plant development and stress response. Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) is an economically important fruit tree crop and a common transgenic material. At present, little information is available about the TPS gene family in sweet orange. Methods The TPS gene family were identified from sweet orange genome by bioinformatics analysis. Additionally, the expression of CisTPS genes was analyzed under phytohormones and abiotic stresses by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Here, eight TPS genes were identified and were found to be randomly distributed in five sweet orange chromosomes. TPS and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) domains were observed in all CisTPS proteins. The phylogenetic tree showed that CisTPS genes were divided into two subfamilies, and genes in each subfamily had conserved intron structures and motif compositions. The cis-acting elements of CisTPS genes suggested their roles in phytohormone and stress responses. All CisTPS genes were ubiquitously expressed in roots, leaves, and stems, and six members were highly expressed in roots. Expression profiles showed that CisTPS genes exhibited tissue specificity and were differentially expressed in response to phytohormones and abiotic stresses. This study lays a foundation for revealing the functions of the TPS gene family in trehalose regulation in sweet orange, and provides a valuable reference for this gene family in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehong Liu
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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