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Sena F, Kunze R. The K + transporter NPF7.3/NRT1.5 and the proton pump AHA2 contribute to K + transport in Arabidopsis thaliana under K + and NO 3- deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1287843. [PMID: 38046603 PMCID: PMC10690419 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1287843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3 -) and potassium (K+) are distributed in plants via short and long-distance transport. These two pathways jointly regulate NO3 - and K+ levels in all higher plants. The Arabidopsis thaliana transporter NPF7.3/NRT1.5 is responsible for loading NO3 - and K+ from root pericycle cells into the xylem vessels, facilitating the long-distance transport of NO3 - and K+ to shoots. In this study, we demonstrate a protein-protein interaction of NPF7.3/NRT1.5 with the proton pump AHA2 in the plasma membrane by split ubiquitin and bimolecular complementation assays, and we show that a conserved glycine residue in a transmembrane domain of NPF7.3/NRT1.5 is crucial for the interaction. We demonstrate that AHA2 together with NRT1.5 affects the K+ level in shoots, modulates the root architecture, and alters extracellular pH and the plasma membrane potential. We hypothesize that NRT1.5 and AHA2 interaction plays a role in maintaining the pH gradient and membrane potential across the root pericycle cell plasma membrane during K+ and/or NO3 - transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Sena
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Apicomplexan Biology, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Reinhard Kunze
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Chen P, Li L, Xia S, Zhang R, Zhang R, Zeng XM, Shuai D, Liu Y, Li ZG. Enhancement patterns of potassium on nitrogen transport and functional genes in cotton vary with nitrogen levels. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 335:111824. [PMID: 37572966 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of potassium (K) in conjunction with nitrogen (N) has been shown to enhance N use efficiency. However, there is still a need for further understanding of the optimal ratios and molecular regulatory mechanisms, particularly in soil-cotton systems. Here, a field trial was conducted, involving varying rates of N and K, alongside pot and hydroponic experiments. The objective was to assess the impact of N-K interaction on the absorption, transport and distribution of N in cotton. The results showed that K supply at 90 and 240 kg ha-1 had a beneficial impact on N uptake and distribution to both seed and lint, resulting in the highest N use efficiency ranging from 22% to 62% and yield improvements from 20% to 123%. The increase in stem and root diameters, rather than the quantify of xylem vessels and phloem sieve tubes, facilitated the uptake and transport of N due to the provision of K. At the molecular level, K supply upregulated the expression levels of genes encoding GhNRT2.1 transporter and GhSLAH3 channel in cotton roots to promote N uptake and GhNRT1.5/NPF7.3 genes to transport N to shoot under low-N conditions. However, under high-N conditions, K supply induced anion channel genes (GhSLAH4) of roots to promote N uptake and genes encoding GhNRT1.5/NPF7.3 and GhNRT1.8/NPF7.2 transporters to facilitate NO3- unloading from xylem to mesophyll cell in high-N plants. Furthermore, K supply resulted in the upregulation of gene expression for GhGS2 in leaves, while simultaneously downregulating the expression of GhNADH-GOGAT, GhGDH1 and GhGDH3 genes in high-N roots. The enzyme activities of nitrite reductase and glutamine synthetase increased and glutamate dehydrogenase decreased, but the concentration of NO3- and soluble protein exhibited a significant increase and free amino acid decreased in the shoots subsequent to K supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Linyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shujie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Runhua Zhang
- Wuhan Academy of Agriculture Science and Technology, Vegetable Research Institute, Wuhan 430345, China
| | - Runqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiao-Min Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Du Shuai
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Conservation Biology / Economic Botany / Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zhi-Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Nieves-Cordones M, Amo J, Hurtado-Navarro L, Martínez-Martínez A, Martínez V, Rubio F. Inhibition of SlSKOR by SlCIPK23-SlCBL1/9 uncovers CIPK-CBL-target network rewiring in land plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2495-2511. [PMID: 36967582 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Transport of K+ to the xylem is a key process in the mineral nutrition of the shoots. Although CIPK-CBL complexes have been widely shown to regulate K+ uptake transport systems, no information is available about the xylem ones. Here, we studied the physiological roles of the voltage-gated K+ channel SlSKOR and its regulation by the SlCIPK23-SlCBL1/9 complexes in tomato plants. We phenotyped gene-edited slskor and slcipk23 tomato knockout mutants and carried out two-electrode voltage-clamp (TEVC) and BiFC assays in Xenopus oocytes as key approaches. SlSKOR was preferentially expressed in the root stele and was important not only for K+ transport to shoots but also, indirectly, for that of Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Na+ , NO3 - , and Cl- . Surprisingly, the SlCIPK23-SlCBL1/9 complexes turned out to be negative regulators of SlSKOR. Inhibition of SlSKOR by SlCIPK23-SlCBL1/9 was observed in Xenopus oocytes and tomato plants. Regulation of SKOR-like channels by CIPK23-CBL1 complexes was also present in Medicago, grapevine, and lettuce but not in Arabidopsis and saltwater cress. Our results provide a molecular framework for coordinating root K+ uptake and its translocation to the shoot by SlCIPK23-SlCBL1/9 in tomato plants. Moreover, they evidenced that CIPK-CBL-target networks have evolved differently in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Jesús Amo
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Laura Hurtado-Navarro
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Almudena Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, 30100, Spain
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Adavi B S, Pandesha PH, B J, Jha SK, Chinnusamy V, Sathee L. Nitrate supply regulates tissue calcium abundance and transcript level of Calcineurin B-like (CBL) gene family in wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 199:107724. [PMID: 37172401 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) is the most ubiquitous signalling molecule and is sensed by different classes of Ca2+ sensor proteins. Recent evidences underscore the role of calcium signalling in plant response to nitrogen/nitrate supply. Recently we found that under nitrate deficiency, a short-term supply of calcium could improve the plant biomass, nitrate assimilation, anthocyanin accumulation and expression of nitrate uptake and signalling genes. Long-term calcium supply, on the other hand, was not beneficial. Calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins are one of the vital plant Ca2+ sensory protein family which is essential for stress perception and signaling. To understand the dynamics of CBL-mediated stress signalling in bread wheat, we identified CBL genes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and its progenitors, namely Triticum dicoccoides, Triticum urartu and Aegilops tauschii with the aid of newly available whole-genome sequence. The expression of different CBLs and the changes in root Ca2+ localization in response to nitrate provision or deficiency were analysed. Expression of the CBLs were studied in two bread wheat genotypes with comparatively higher (B.T. Schomburgk, BTS) and lower (Gluyas early, GE) nitrate responsiveness and nitrogen use efficiency. High N promoted the expression of CBLs in seedling leaves while in roots the expression was promoted by N deficiency. At the 5 days after anthesis stage, nitrate starvation downregulated the expression of CBLs while nitrate supply enhanced the expression. At anthesis stage, expression of CBL6 was significantly promoted by HN in panicles of both the genotypes, the highest expression was recorded in BTS. Expression of CBL6 was significantly upregulated by short term nitrate treatment also suggesting its role in Primary nitrate response (PNR) in wheat. There was a significant down regulation of CBL6 expression post nitrate starvation, making it a probable regulator of nitrogen starvation response (NSR) as well. In seedling roots, the tissue localization of Ca2+ was increased both by high and low nitrate treatments, albeit at different magnitudes. Our results suggest that calcium signalling might be a major signalling pathway governing nitrogen responsiveness and CBL6 might be playing pivotal role in NSR and PNR in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Adavi B
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratheek H Pandesha
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagadhesan B
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailendra K Jha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Lekshmy Sathee
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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Nazir F, Mahajan M, Khatoon S, Albaqami M, Ashfaque F, Chhillar H, Chopra P, Khan MIR. Sustaining nitrogen dynamics: A critical aspect for improving salt tolerance in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1087946. [PMID: 36909406 PMCID: PMC9996754 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1087946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the current changing environment, salt stress has become a major concern for plant growth and food production worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms of how plants function in saline environments is critical for initiating efforts to mitigate the detrimental effects of salt stress. Agricultural productivity is linked to nutrient availability, and it is expected that the judicious metabolism of mineral nutrients has a positive impact on alleviating salt-induced losses in crop plants. Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient that contributes significantly to sustainable agriculture by maintaining productivity and plant growth in both optimal and stressful environments. Significant progress has been made in comprehending the fundamental physiological and molecular mechanisms associated with N-mediated plant responses to salt stress. This review provided an (a) overview of N-sensing, transportation, and assimilation in plants; (b) assess the salt stress-mediated regulation of N dynamics and nitrogen use- efficiency; (c) critically appraise the role of N in plants exposed to salt stress. Furthermore, the existing but less explored crosstalk between N and phytohormones has been discussed that may be utilized to gain a better understanding of plant adaptive responses to salt stress. In addition, the shade of a small beam of light on the manipulation of N dynamics through genetic engineering with an aim of developing salt-tolerant plants is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faroza Nazir
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Moksh Mahajan
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Mohammed Albaqami
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farha Ashfaque
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Zou L, Qi D, Li S, Zhai M, Li Z, Guo X, Ruan M, Yu X, Zhao P, Li W, Zhang P, Ma Q, Peng M, Liao W. The cassava (Manihot-esculenta Crantz)'s nitrate transporter NPF4.5, expressed in seedling roots, involved in nitrate flux and osmotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:122-133. [PMID: 36399913 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AtNPF4.5/AIT2, which was predicted to be a low-affinity transporter capable for nitrate uptake, was screened by ABA receptor complex in Arabidopsis ten years ago. However, the molecular and biochemical characterizations of AtNPF4.5 in plants remained largely unclear. In this study, the function of a plasma-membrane-localized and root-specifically-expressed gene MeNPF4.5 (Manihot-esculenta NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1 PTR FAMILY4.5), an ortholog of the Arabidopsis thaliana NPF4.5, was investigated in cassava roots as a nitrate efflux transporter on low nitrate medium and an influx transporter following exposure to high concentration of external nitrates. Moreover, RNA interference (RNAi) of MeNPF4.5 reduced the nitrate efflux capacity but the overexpressing cassava seedlings increased the ability of efflux from the elongation to the mature zone of root under low nitrate treatments. Besides, MeNPF4.5-RNAi expression reduced the nitrate influx capacity but enhanced nitrate absorption in parts of overexpressing plants from the meristem, elongation to mature zone of roots under high nitrate conditions. Furthermore, MeNPF4.5-RNAi seedlings survived owing to roots that could grow normally, but the MeNPF4.5-over-expressors showed adverse growth under 7% PEG6000 stress, suggesting that MeNPF4.5 negatively regulated the osmotic stress and was involved in nitrate flux through cassava seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangping Zou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; China/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Dengfeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; China/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Shuxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; China/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Min Zhai
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xin Guo
- College of Plant Science & Technology of HuaZhongAgricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Mengbin Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; China/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; China/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Pingjuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; China/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; China/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence and Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiuxiang Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence and Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; China/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Wenbin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; China/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China.
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Khan MN, Singh VP, Corpas FJ, Rodríguez Rosales MP. Closing gaps and opening new avenues for potassium research in plant biology. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:141-142. [PMID: 36240600 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Nasir Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/Professor Albareda 1, E-18008, Granada, Spain
| | - María Pilar Rodríguez Rosales
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celulary Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
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Yu C, Ke Y, Qin J, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Wei H, Liu G, Lian B, Chen Y, Zhong F, Zhang J. Genome-wide identification of calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase gene family reveals members participating in abiotic stress in the ornamental woody plant Lagerstroemia indica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:942217. [PMID: 36204074 PMCID: PMC9530917 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.942217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) play important roles in plant responses to stress. However, their function in the ornamental woody plant Lagerstroemia indica is remains unclear. In this study, the LiCIPK gene family was analyzed at the whole genome level. A total of 37 LiCIPKs, distributed across 17 chromosomes, were identified. Conserved motif analysis indicated that all LiCIPKs possess a protein kinase motif (S_TKc) and C-terminal regulatory motif (NAF), while seven LiCIPKs lack a protein phosphatase interaction (PPI) motif. 3D structure analysis further revealed that the N-terminal and C-terminal 3D-structure of 27 members are situated near to each other, while 4 members have a looser structure, and 6 members lack intact structures. The intra- and interspecies collinearity analysis, synonymous substitution rate (K s ) peaks of duplicated LiCIPKs, revealed that ∼80% of LiCIPKs were retained by the two whole genome duplication (WGD) events that occurred approximately 56.12-61.16 million year ago (MYA) and 16.24-26.34 MYA ago. The promoter of each LiCIPK contains a number of auxin, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, and drought, anaerobic, defense, stress, and wound responsive cis-elements. Of the 21 members that were successfully amplified by qPCR, 18 LiCIPKs exhibited different expression patterns under NaCl, mannitol, PEG8000, and ABA treatments. Given that LiCIPK30, the AtSOS2 ortholog, responded to all four types of stress it was selected for functional verification. LiCIPK30 complements the atsos2 phenotype in vivo. 35S:LiCIPK-overexpressing lines exhibit increased leaf area increment, chlorophyll a and b content, reactive oxygen species scavenging enzyme activity, and expression of ABF3 and RD22, while the degree of membrane lipid oxidation decreases under NaCl treatment compared to WT. The evolutionary history, and potential mechanism by which LiCIPK30 may regulate plant tolerance to salt stress were also discussed. In summary, we identified LiCIPK members involved in abiotic stress and found that LiCIPK30 transgenic Arabidopsis exhibits more salt and osmotic stress tolerance than WT. This research provides a theoretical foundation for further investigation into the function of LiCIPKs, and for mining gene resources to facilitate the cultivation and breeding of new L. indica varieties in coastal saline-alkali soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yongchao Ke
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jin Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yunpeng Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanchun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hui Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bolin Lian
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Xu X, Wang F, Xing Y, Liu J, Lv M, Meng H, Du X, Zhu Z, Ge S, Jiang Y. Appropriate and Constant Potassium Supply Promotes the Growth of M9T337 Apple Rootstocks by Regulating Endogenous Hormones and Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:827478. [PMID: 35371125 PMCID: PMC8967362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.827478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is an indispensable nutrient element in the development of fruit trees in terms of yield and quality. It is unclear how a stable or unstable supply of K affects plant growth. We studied the root morphology and physiological and molecular changes in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of M9T337 apple rootstock under different K levels and supply methods using hydroponics. Five K supply treatments were implemented: continuous low K (KL), initial low and then high K (KLH), appropriate and constant K (KAC), initial high and then low K (KHL), and continuous high K (KH). The results showed that the biomass, root activity, photosynthesis, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism of the M9T337 rootstocks were inhibited under KL, KH, KLH and KHL conditions. The KAC treatment promoted root growth by optimizing endogenous hormone content, enhancing carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities, improving photosynthesis, optimizing the distribution of carbon and nitrogen, and upregulating the transcription levels of nitrogen assimilation-related genes (nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, MdNRT1.1, MdNRT1.2, MdNRT1.5, MdNRT2.4). These results suggest that an appropriate and constant K supply ensures the efficient assimilation and utilization of nitrogen and carbon.
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