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Yang B, Yang L, Kang L, You L, Chen H, Xiao H, Qian L, Rao Y, Liu Z. Integrated analysis of BSA-seq and RNA-seq identified the candidate genes for seed weight in Brassica juncea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1458294. [PMID: 39698460 PMCID: PMC11654836 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1458294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Brassica juncea is a major oilseed crop of Brassica. The seed weight is one of yield components in oilseed Brassica crops. Research on the genetic mechanism of seed weight is not only directly related to the yield and economic value of Brassica juncea but also can provide a theory foundation for studying other Brassica crops. Methods To map the genes for seed weight, the parental and F2 extreme bulks derived were constructed from the cross between the heavy-seeded accession 7981 and the light-seeded one Sichuan yellow (SY) of B. juncea, and used in bulk segregant sequencing (BSA-seq). Meanwhile, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed for both parents at six seed development stages. Results Our results showed that a total of thirty five SNPs were identified in thirty two genes located on chromosomes A02 and A10, while fifty eight InDels in fifty one genes located on A01, A03, A05, A07, A09, A10, B01, B02 and B04. The 7,679 differentially expressed genes were identified in developing seeds between the parents. Furthermore, integrated analysis of BSA-seq and RNA-seq data revealed a cluster of nine genes on chromosome A10 and one gene on chromosome A05 that are putative candidate genes controlling seed weight in B. juncea. Discussion This study provides a new reference for research on Brassica seed weight and lays a solid foundation for the examination of seed in other Brassica crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Guizhou Institute of Oil Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Kang
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang You
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Loudi, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Huagui Xiao
- Guizhou Institute of Oil Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Lunwen Qian
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Rao
- Guizhou Institute of Oil Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhongsong Liu
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Yan Y, Zhu X, Qi H, Wang Y, Zhang H, He J. Rice seed storability: From molecular mechanisms to agricultural practices. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 348:112215. [PMID: 39151802 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The storability of rice seeds is crucial for ensuring flexible planting options, agricultural seed security, and global food safety. With the intensification of global climate change and the constant fluctuations in agricultural production conditions, enhancing the storability of rice seeds has become particularly important. Seed storability is a complex quantitative trait regulated by both genetic and environmental factors. This article reviews the main regulatory mechanisms of rice seed storability, including the accumulation of seed storage proteins, late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, heat shock proteins, sugar signaling, hormonal regulation by gibberellins and abscisic acid, and the role of the ubiquitination pathway. Additionally, this article explores the improvement of storability using wild rice genes, molecular marker-assisted selection, and gene editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 in rice breeding. By providing a comprehensive scientific foundation and practical guidance, this review aims to promote the development of rice varieties with enhanced storability to meet evolving agricultural demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Yan
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 420128, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 420128, China
| | - Hui Qi
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 420128, China; Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 420128, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 420128, China
| | - Jiwai He
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 420128, China.
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Geng L, Zou T, Zhang W, Wang S, Yao Y, Zheng Z, Du Q, Han L. Integration Linkage Mapping and Comparative Transcriptome Analysis to Dissect the Genetic Basis of Rice Salt Tolerance Associated with the Germination Stage. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10376. [PMID: 39408706 PMCID: PMC11476921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity poses a serious threat to rice production. The salt tolerance of rice at the germination stage is one of the major determinants of stable stand establishment, which is very important for direct seeding in saline soil. The complexity and polygenic nature of salt tolerance have limited the efficiency of discovering and cloning key genes in rice. In this study, an RIL population with an ultra-high-density genetic map was employed to investigate the salt-tolerant genetic basis in rice, and a total of 20 QTLs were detected, including a major and stable QTL (qRCL3-1). Subsequently, salt-specific DEGs from a comparative transcriptome analysis were overlaid onto annotated genes located on a stable QTL interval, and eight putative candidate genes were further identified. Finally, from the sequence alignment and variant analysis, OsCam1-1 was confirmed to be the most promising candidate gene for regulating salinity tolerance in rice. This study provides important information for elucidating the genetic and molecular basis of rice salt tolerance at the germination stage, and the genes detected here will be useful for improvements in rice salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyue Geng
- Institute of Coastal Agriculture, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Tangshan 063299, China; (L.G.); (T.Z.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Rice Breeding, Tangshan 063299, China
| | - Tuo Zou
- Institute of Coastal Agriculture, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Tangshan 063299, China; (L.G.); (T.Z.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Rice Breeding, Tangshan 063299, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Coastal Agriculture, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Tangshan 063299, China; (L.G.); (T.Z.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Rice Breeding, Tangshan 063299, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Institute of Coastal Agriculture, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Tangshan 063299, China; (L.G.); (T.Z.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Rice Breeding, Tangshan 063299, China
| | - Yutao Yao
- Institute of Coastal Agriculture, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Tangshan 063299, China; (L.G.); (T.Z.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Rice Breeding, Tangshan 063299, China
| | - Zhenyu Zheng
- Institute of Coastal Agriculture, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Tangshan 063299, China; (L.G.); (T.Z.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Rice Breeding, Tangshan 063299, China
| | - Qi Du
- Institute of Coastal Agriculture, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Tangshan 063299, China; (L.G.); (T.Z.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Rice Breeding, Tangshan 063299, China
| | - Longzhi Han
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Gao Y, Zhao X, Liu X, Liu C, Zhang K, Zhang X, Zhou J, Dong G, Wang Y, Huang J, Yang Z, Zhou Y, Yao Y. OsRAV1 Regulates Seed Vigor and Salt Tolerance During Germination in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:56. [PMID: 39218839 PMCID: PMC11366736 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Seed vigor is a complex trait encompassing seed germination, seedling emergence, growth, seed longevity, and stress tolerance, all are crucial for direct seeding in rice. Here, we report that the AP2/ERF transcription factor OsRAV1 (RELATED TO ABI3 AND VP1) positively regulates seed germination, vigor, and salt tolerance. Additionally, OsRAV1 was differently expressed in embryo and endosperm, with the OsRAV1 localized in the nucleus. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that OsRAV1 modulates seed vigor through plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis during germination. Haplotype analysis showed that rice varieties carrying Hap3 displayed enhanced salt tolerance during seed germination. These findings suggest that OsRAV1 is a potential target in breeding rice varieties with high seed vigor suitable for direct seeding cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Guangling College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Kunming Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Lixiahe District Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, 225007, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guichun Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Youping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jianye Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Youli Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Masum AA, Arman MS, Ghosh A. Methylglyoxal detoxifying gene families in tomato: Genome-wide identification, evolution, functional prediction, and transcript profiling. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304039. [PMID: 38865327 PMCID: PMC11168688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly cytotoxic molecule produced in all biological systems, which could be converted into non-toxic D-lactate by an evolutionarily conserved glyoxalase pathway. Glutathione-dependent glyoxalase I (GLYI) and glyoxalase II (GLYII) are responsible for the detoxification of MG into D-lactate in sequential reactions, while DJ-1 domain containing glyoxalase III (GLYIII) catalyzes the same reaction in a single step without glutathione dependency. Afterwards, D-lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH) converts D-lactate into pyruvate, a metabolically usable intermediate. In the study, a comprehensive genome-wide investigation has been performed in one of the important vegetable plants, tomato to identify 13 putative GLYI, 4 GLYII, 3 GLYIII (DJ-1), and 4 D-LDH genes. Expression pattern analysis using microarray data confirmed their ubiquitous presence in different tissues and developmental stages. Moreover, stress treatment of tomato seedlings and subsequent qRT-PCR demonstrated upregulation of SlGLYI-2, SlGLYI-3, SlGLYI-6A, SlGLYII-1A, SlGLYII-3B, SlDJ-1A, SlDLDH-1 and SlDLDH-4 in response to different abiotic stresses, whereas SlGLYI-6B, SlGLYII-1B, SlGLYII-3A, SlDJ-1D and SlDLDH-2 were downregulated. Expression data also revealed SlGLYII-1B, SlGLYI-1A, SlGLYI-2, SlDJ-1D, and SlDLDH-4 were upregulated in response to various pathogenic infections, indicating the role of MG detoxifying enzymes in both plant defence and stress modulation. The functional characterization of each of these members could lay the foundation for the development of stress and disease-resistant plants promoting sustainable agriculture and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Masum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sakil Arman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Ajit Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Yang H, Zhang Y, Lyu S, Liu Y, Jian S, Deng S. MpNAC1, a transcription factor from the mangrove associate Millettia pinnata, confers salt and drought stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108721. [PMID: 38739961 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Pongamia (Millettia pinnata Syn. Pongamia pinnata), a mangrove associate plant, exhibits good stress tolerance, making it a treasure of genetic resources for crop improvement. NAC proteins are plant-specific transcription factors, which have been elucidated to participate in the regulation and tolerance of abiotic stresses (such as salt and drought). Here, we identified a salt-induced gene from Pongamia, MpNAC1, which encodes an NAC factor sharing five highly conserved domains with other NACs and exhibits close homology to AtNAC19/AtNAC55/AtNAC72 in Arabidopsis. MpNAC1 showed nuclear localization and transcriptional activator activity. MpNAC1-overexpressing Arabidopsis exhibited significantly stronger salt and drought tolerance compared with wild-type plants. The expression levels of stress-responsive genes were activated in transgenic Arabidopsis. Furthermore, the heterologous expression of MpNAC1 also enhanced the salt and drought tolerance of transgenic rice. The major agronomic traits, such as plant height and tiller number, panicle length, grain size, and yield, were similar between the transgenic lines and wild type under normal field growth conditions. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that MpNAC1 significantly up-regulated stress-responsive genes and activated the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, resulting in increased stress tolerance. Taken together, the MpNAC1 increased salt and drought stress tolerance in transgenic plants and did not retard the plant growth and development under normal growth conditions, suggesting the potential of MpNAC1 in breeding stress-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Shanwu Lyu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuguang Jian
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Shulin Deng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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7
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Kalemba EM, Gevaert K, Impens F, Dufour S, Czerwoniec A. The association of protein-bound methionine sulfoxide with proteomic basis for aging in beech seeds. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:377. [PMID: 38714916 PMCID: PMC11077735 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees produce seeds irregularly; therefore, it is necessary to store beech seeds for forestation. Despite the acquisition of desiccation tolerance during development, beech seeds are classified as intermediate because they lose viability during long-term storage faster than typical orthodox seeds. In this study, beech seeds stored for short (3 years) or long (20 years) periods under optimal conditions and displaying 92 and 30% germination capacity, respectively, were compared. RESULTS Aged seeds displayed increased membrane damage, manifested as electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation levels. Analyses have been based on embryonic axes, which contained higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and higher levels of protein-bound methionine sulfoxide (MetO) in aged seeds. Using label-free quantitative proteomics, 3,949 proteins were identified, of which 2,442 were reliably quantified pointing to 24 more abundant proteins and 35 less abundant proteins in beech seeds under long-term storage conditions. Functional analyses based on gene ontology annotations revealed that nucleic acid binding activity (molecular function), ribosome organization or biogenesis and transmembrane transport (cellular processes), translational proteins (protein class) and membranous anatomical entities (cellular compartment) were affected in aged seeds. To verify whether MetO, the oxidative posttranslational modification of proteins that can be reversed via the action of methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) enzymes, is involved in the aging of beech seeds, we identified and quantified 226 MetO-containing proteins, among which 9 and 19 exhibited significantly up- and downregulated MetO levels, respectively, in beech seeds under long-term storage conditions. Several Msr isoforms were identified and recognized as MsrA1-like, MsrA4, MsrB5 and MsrB5-like in beech seeds. Only MsrA1-like displayed decreased abundance in aged seeds. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the loss of membrane integrity reflected in the elevated abundance of membrane proteins had a higher impact on seed aging progress than the MetO/Msr system. Proteome analyses enabled us to propose protein Sec61 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as potential longevity modulators in beech seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Marzena Kalemba
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, Kórnik, 62-035, Poland.
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Sara Dufour
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
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Zheng Q, Xin J, Zhao C, Tian R. Role of methylglyoxal and glyoxalase in the regulation of plant response to heavy metal stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:103. [PMID: 38502356 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Methylglyoxal and glyoxalase function a significant role in plant response to heavy metal stress. We update and discuss the most recent developments of methylglyoxal and glyoxalase in regulating plant response to heavy metal stress. Methylglyoxal (MG), a by-product of several metabolic processes, is created by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. It plays an important role in plant growth and development, signal transduction, and response to heavy metal stress (HMS). Changes in MG content and glyoxalase (GLY) activity under HMS imply that they may be potential biomarkers of plant stress resistance. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research on the mechanisms of MG and GLY in the regulation of plant responses to HMS. It has been discovered that appropriate concentrations of MG assist plants in maintaining a balance between growth and development and survival defense, therefore shielding them from heavy metal harm. MG and GLY regulate plant physiological processes by remodeling cellular redox homeostasis, regulating stomatal movement, and crosstalking with other signaling molecules (including abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, jasmonic acid, cytokinin, salicylic acid, melatonin, ethylene, hydrogen sulfide, and nitric oxide). We also discuss the involvement of MG and GLY in the regulation of plant responses to HMS at the transcriptional, translational, and metabolic levels. Lastly, considering the current state of research, we present a perspective on the future direction of MG research to elucidate the MG anti-stress mechanism and offer a theoretical foundation and useful advice for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated environments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zheng
- College of Architecture Landscape, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianpan Xin
- College of Architecture Landscape, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chu Zhao
- College of Architecture Landscape, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Runan Tian
- College of Architecture Landscape, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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Rathore RS, Mishra M, Pareek A, Singla-Pareek SL. A glutathione-independent DJ-1/Pfp1 domain containing glyoxalase III, OsDJ-1C, functions in abiotic stress adaptation in rice. PLANTA 2024; 259:81. [PMID: 38438662 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Overexpression of OsDJ-1C in rice improves root architecture, photosynthesis, yield and abiotic stress tolerance through modulating methylglyoxal levels, antioxidant defense, and redox homeostasis. Exposure to abiotic stresses leads to elevated methylglyoxal (MG) levels in plants, impacting seed germination and root growth. In response, the activation of NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase and glutathione (GSH)-dependent glyoxalase enzymes helps to regulate MG levels and reduce its toxic effects. However, detoxification may not be carried out effectively due to the limitation of GSH and NADPH in plants under stress. Recently, a novel enzyme called glyoxalase III (GLY III) has been discovered which can detoxify MG in a single step without needing GSH. To understand the physiological importance of this pathway in rice, we overexpressed the gene encoding GLYIII enzyme (OsDJ-1C) in rice. It was observed that OsDJ-1C overexpression in rice regulated MG levels under stress conditions thus, linked well with plants' abiotic stress tolerance potential. The OsDJ-1C overexpression lines displayed better root architecture, improved photosynthesis, and reduced yield penalty compared to the WT plants under salinity, and drought stress conditions. These plants demonstrated an improved GSH/GSSG ratio, reduced level of reactive oxygen species, increased antioxidant capacity, and higher anti-glycation activity thereby indicating that the GLYIII mediated MG detoxification plays a significant role in plants' ability to reduce the impact of abiotic stress. Furthermore, these findings imply the potential of OsDJ-1C in crop improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Singh Rathore
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Manjari Mishra
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Kaur S, Grewal SK, Taggar GK, Bhardwaj RD. Methylglyoxal metabolism is altered during defence response in pigeonpea ( Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) against the spotted pod borer ( Maruca vitrata). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23155. [PMID: 38266279 DOI: 10.1071/fp23155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan ) production can be affected by the spotted pod borer (Maruca vitrata ). Here, we identified biochemical changes in plant parts of pigeonpea after M. vitrata infestation. Two pigeonpea genotypes (AL 1747, moderately resistant; and MN 1, susceptible) were compared for glyoxalase and non-glyoxalase enzyme systems responsible for methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione content in leaves, flowers and pods under control and insect-infested conditions. MN 1 had major damage due to M. vitrata infestation compared to AL 1747. Lower accumulation of MG in AL 1747 was due to higher activities of enzymes of GSH-dependent (glyoxylase I, glyoxylase II), GSH-independent (glyoxalase III) pathway, and enzyme of non-glyoxalase pathway (methylglyoxal reductase, MGR), which convert MG to lactate. Decreased glyoxylase enzymes and MGR activities in MN 1 resulted in higher accumulation of MG. Higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in AL 1747 indicates utilisation of MG detoxification pathway. Higher glutathione content in AL 1747 genotype might be responsible for efficient working of MG detoxification pathway under insect infestation. Higher activity of γ-GCS in AL 1747 maintains the glutathione pool, necessary for the functioning of glyoxylase pathway to carry out the detoxification of MG. Higher activities of GST and GPX in AL 1747 might be responsible for detoxification of toxic products that accumulates following insect infestation, and elevated activities of glyoxylase and non-glyoxylase enzyme systems in AL 1747 after infestation might be responsible for reducing reactive cabanoyl stress. Our investigation will help the future development of resistant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmanpreet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Satvir Kaur Grewal
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Taggar
- Pulses Section, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rachana D Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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Shaheen N, Ahmad S, Alghamdi SS, Rehman HM, Javed MA, Tabassum J, Shao G. CRISPR-Cas System, a Possible "Savior" of Rice Threatened by Climate Change: An Updated Review. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:39. [PMID: 37688677 PMCID: PMC10492775 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has significantly affected agriculture production, particularly the rice crop that is consumed by almost half of the world's population and contributes significantly to global food security. Rice is vulnerable to several abiotic and biotic stresses such as drought, heat, salinity, heavy metals, rice blast, and bacterial blight that cause huge yield losses in rice, thus threatening food security worldwide. In this regard, several plant breeding and biotechnological techniques have been used to raise such rice varieties that could tackle climate changes. Nowadays, gene editing (GE) technology has revolutionized crop improvement. Among GE technology, CRISPR/Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein) system has emerged as one of the most convenient, robust, cost-effective, and less labor-intensive system due to which it has got more popularity among plant researchers, especially rice breeders and geneticists. Since 2013 (the year of first application of CRISPR/Cas-based GE system in rice), several trait-specific climate-resilient rice lines have been developed using CRISPR/Cas-based GE tools. Earlier, several reports have been published confirming the successful application of GE tools for rice improvement. However, this review particularly aims to provide an updated and well-synthesized brief discussion based on the recent studies (from 2020 to present) on the applications of GE tools, particularly CRISPR-based systems for developing CRISPR rice to tackle the current alarming situation of climate change, worldwide. Moreover, potential limitations and technical bottlenecks in the development of CRISPR rice, and prospects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Shaheen
- Seed Center and Plant Genetic Resources Bank, Ministry of Environment, Water & Agriculture, Riyadh, 14712, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Seed Center and Plant Genetic Resources Bank, Ministry of Environment, Water & Agriculture, Riyadh, 14712, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salem S Alghamdi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz Mamoon Rehman
- Centre for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad Javed
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Javaria Tabassum
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Gaoneng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, National Rice Research Institute, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Lab, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
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12
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Xu M, Zuo D, Wang Q, Lv L, Zhang Y, Jiao H, Zhang X, Yang Y, Song G, Cheng H. Identification and molecular evolution of the GLX genes in 21 plant species: a focus on the Gossypium hirsutum. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:474. [PMID: 37608304 PMCID: PMC10464159 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09524-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glyoxalase system includes glyoxalase I (GLXI), glyoxalase II (GLXII) and glyoxalase III (GLXIII), which are responsible for methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification and involved in abiotic stress responses such as drought, salinity and heavy metal. RESULTS In this study, a total of 620 GLX family genes were identified from 21 different plant species. The results of evolutionary analysis showed that GLX genes exist in all species from lower plants to higher plants, inferring that GLX genes might be important for plants, and GLXI and GLXII account for the majority. In addition, motif showed an expanding trend in the process of evolution. The analysis of cis-acting elements in 21 different plant species showed that the promoter region of the GLX genes were rich in phytohormones and biotic and abiotic stress-related elements, indicating that GLX genes can participate in a variety of life processes. In cotton, GLXs could be divided into two groups and most GLXIs distributed in group I, GLXIIs and GLXIIIs mainly belonged to group II, indicating that there are more similarities between GLXII and GLXIII in cotton evolution. The transcriptome data analysis and quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR) show that some members of GLX family would respond to high temperature treatment in G.hirsutum. The protein interaction network of GLXs in G.hirsutum implied that most members can participate in various life processes through protein interactions. CONCLUSIONS The results elucidated the evolutionary history of GLX family genes in plants and lay the foundation for their functions analysis in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Xu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Dongyun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qiaolian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Limin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Youping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Huixin Jiao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Guoli Song
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
| | - Hailiang Cheng
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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Gambhir P, Raghuvanshi U, Parida AP, Kujur S, Sharma S, Sopory SK, Kumar R, Sharma AK. Elevated methylglyoxal levels inhibit tomato fruit ripening by preventing ethylene biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2161-2184. [PMID: 36879389 PMCID: PMC10315284 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG), a toxic compound produced as a by-product of several cellular processes, such as respiration and photosynthesis, is well known for its deleterious effects, mainly through glycation of proteins during plant stress responses. However, very little is known about its impact on fruit ripening. Here, we found that MG levels are maintained at high levels in green tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruits and decline during fruit ripening despite a respiratory burst during this transition. We demonstrate that this decline is mainly mediated through a glutathione-dependent MG detoxification pathway and primarily catalyzed by a Glyoxalase I enzyme encoded by the SlGLYI4 gene. SlGLYI4 is a direct target of the MADS-box transcription factor RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN), and its expression is induced during fruit ripening. Silencing of SlGLYI4 leads to drastic MG overaccumulation at ripening stages of transgenic fruits and interferes with the ripening process. MG most likely glycates and inhibits key enzymes such as methionine synthase and S-adenosyl methionine synthase in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway, thereby indirectly affecting fruit pigmentation and cell wall metabolism. MG overaccumulation in fruits of several nonripening or ripening-inhibited tomato mutants suggests that the tightly regulated MG detoxification process is crucial for normal ripening progression. Our results underpin a SlGLYI4-mediated regulatory mechanism by which MG detoxification controls fruit ripening in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gambhir
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Utkarsh Raghuvanshi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Adwaita Prasad Parida
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Stuti Kujur
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Sudhir K Sopory
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Arun Kumar Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
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Sun M, Sun S, Jia Z, Zhang H, Ou C, Ma W, Wang J, Li M, Mao P. Genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of glyoxalase gene families in oat ( Avena sativa) indicate their responses to abiotic stress during seed germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1215084. [PMID: 37396634 PMCID: PMC10308377 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1215084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses have deleterious effects on seed germination and seedling establishment, leading to significant crop yield losses. Adverse environmental conditions can cause the accumulation of methylglyoxal (MG) within plant cells, which can negatively impact plant growth and development. The glyoxalase system, which consists of the glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzymes glyoxalase I (GLX1) and glyoxalase II (GLX2), as well as the GSH-independent glyoxalase III (GLX3 or DJ-1), plays a crucial role in detoxifying MG. However, genome-wide analysis of glyoxalase genes has not been performed for one of the agricultural important species, oat (Avena sativa). This study identified a total of 26 AsGLX1 genes, including 8 genes encoding Ni2+-dependent GLX1s and 2 genes encoding Zn2+-dependent GLX1s. Additionally, 14 AsGLX2 genes were identified, of which 3 genes encoded proteins with both lactamase B and hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase C-terminal domains and potential catalytic activity, and 15 AsGLX3 genes encoding proteins containing double DJ-1 domains. The domain architecture of the three gene families strongly correlates with the clades observed in the phylogenetic trees. The AsGLX1, AsGLX2, and AsGLX3 genes were evenly distributed in the A, C, and D subgenomes, and gene duplication of AsGLX1 and AsGLX3 genes resulted from tandem duplications. Besides the core cis-elements, hormone responsive elements dominated the promoter regions of the glyoxalase genes, and stress responsive elements were also frequently observed. The subcellular localization of glyoxalases was predicted to be primarily in the cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and mitochondria, with a few presents in the nucleus, which is consistent with their tissue-specific expression. The highest expression levels were observed in leaves and seeds, indicating that these genes may play important roles in maintaining leaf function and ensuring seed vigor. Moreover, based on in silico predication and expression pattern analysis, AsGLX1-7A, AsGLX2-5D, AsDJ-1-5D, AsGLX1-3D2, and AsGLX1-2A were suggested as promising candidate genes for improving stress resistance or seed vigor in oat. Overall, the identification and analysis of the glyoxalase gene families in this study can provide new strategies for improving oat stress resistance and seed vigor.
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15
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Rehmani MS, Xian B, Wei S, He J, Feng Z, Huang H, Shu K. Seedling establishment: The neglected trait in the seed longevity field. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107765. [PMID: 37209453 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seed longevity is a central actor in plant germplasm resource conservation, species reproduction, geographical distribution, crop yield and quality and food processing and safety. Seed longevity and vigor decrease gradually during storage, which directly influences seed germination and post-germination seedling establishment. It is noted that seedling establishment is a key shift from heterotropism to autotropism and is fueled by the energy reserved in the seeds per se. Numerous studies have demonstrated that expedited catabolism of triacylglycerols, fatty acid and sugars during seed storage is closely related to seed longevity. Storage of farm-saved seeds of elite cultivars for use in subsequent years is a common practice and it is recognized that aged seed (especially those stored under less-than-ideal conditions) can lead to poor seed germination, but the significance of poor seedling establishment as a separate factor capable of influencing crop yield has been overlooked. This review article summarizes the relationship between seed germination and seedling establishment and the effect of different seed reserves on seed longevity. Based on this, we emphasize the importance of simultaneous scoring of seedling establishment and germination percentage from aged seeds and discuss the reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Rehmani
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - BaoShan Xian
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Shaowei Wei
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Juan He
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Zhenxin Feng
- School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China.
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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16
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Gajardo HA, Gómez-Espinoza O, Boscariol Ferreira P, Carrer H, Bravo LA. The Potential of CRISPR/Cas Technology to Enhance Crop Performance on Adverse Soil Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091892. [PMID: 37176948 PMCID: PMC10181257 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide food security is under threat in the actual scenery of global climate change because the major staple food crops are not adapted to hostile climatic and soil conditions. Significant efforts have been performed to maintain the actual yield of crops, using traditional breeding and innovative molecular techniques to assist them. However, additional strategies are necessary to achieve the future food demand. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) technology, as well as its variants, have emerged as alternatives to transgenic plant breeding. This novelty has helped to accelerate the necessary modifications in major crops to confront the impact of abiotic stress on agriculture systems. This review summarizes the current advances in CRISPR/Cas applications in crops to deal with the main hostile soil conditions, such as drought, flooding and waterlogging, salinity, heavy metals, and nutrient deficiencies. In addition, the potential of extremophytes as a reservoir of new molecular mechanisms for abiotic stress tolerance, as well as their orthologue identification and edition in crops, is shown. Moreover, the future challenges and prospects related to CRISPR/Cas technology issues, legal regulations, and customer acceptance will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto A Gajardo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Agroindustria, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente & Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 1145, Chile
| | - Olman Gómez-Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Agroindustria, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente & Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 1145, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 30101, Costa Rica
| | - Pedro Boscariol Ferreira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Helaine Carrer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | - León A Bravo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Agroindustria, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente & Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 1145, Chile
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