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Singh P, Kumari A, Khaladhar VC, Singh N, Pathak PK, Kumar V, Kumar RJ, Jain P, Thakur JK, Fernie AR, Bauwe H, Raghavendra AS, Gupta KJ. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase6 is involved in growth and resistance against pathogens via ethylene and lignin production in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38924321 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Photorespiratory serine hydroxymethyltransferases (SHMTs) are important enzymes of cellular one-carbon metabolism. In this study, we investigated the potential role of SHMT6 in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that SHMT6 is localized in the nucleus and expressed in different tissues during development. Interestingly SHMT6 is inducible in response to avirulent, virulent Pseudomonas syringae and to Fusarium oxysporum infection. Overexpression of SHMT6 leads to larger flowers, siliques, seeds, roots, and consequently an enhanced overall biomass. This enhanced growth was accompanied by increased stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity as well as ATP, protein, and chlorophyll levels. By contrast, a shmt6 knockout mutant displayed reduced growth. When challenged with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000 expressing AvrRpm1, SHMT6 overexpression lines displayed a clear hypersensitive response which was characterized by enhanced electrolyte leakage and reduced bacterial growth. In response to virulent Pst DC3000, the shmt6 mutant developed severe disease symptoms and becomes very susceptible, whereas SHMT6 overexpression lines showed enhanced resistance with increased expression of defense pathway associated genes. In response to Fusarium oxysporum, overexpression lines showed a reduction in symptoms. Moreover, SHMT6 overexpression lead to enhanced production of ethylene and lignin, which are important components of the defense response. Collectively, our data revealed that SHMT6 plays an important role in development and defense against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Aprajita Kumari
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | | | - Namrata Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Pathak
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ritika Jantu Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Priyanka Jain
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- AIMMSCR, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Thakur
- Plant Transcription Regulation Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, D-18051, Germany
| | - A S Raghavendra
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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Zhao Y, Sun T, Liu J, Zhang R, Yu Y, Zhou G, Liu J, Gao B. The Key Role of Plant Hormone Signaling Transduction and Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathways in the Response of Chinese Pine ( Pinus tabuliformis) to Feeding Stimulation by Pine Caterpillar ( Dendrolimus tabulaeformis). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6354. [PMID: 38928063 PMCID: PMC11203464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In nature, plants have developed a series of resistance mechanisms to face various external stresses. As understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying plant resistance continues to deepen, exploring endogenous resistance in plants has become a hot topic in this field. Despite the multitude of studies on plant-induced resistance, how plants respond to stress under natural conditions remains relatively unclear. To address this gap, we investigated Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) using pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus tabulaeformis) under natural conditions. Healthy Chinese pine trees, approximately 10 years old, were selected for studying induced resistance in Huangtuliangzi Forestry, Pingquan City, Chengde City, Hebei Province, China. Pine needles were collected at 2 h and 8 h after feeding stimulation (FS) via 10 pine caterpillars and leaf clipping control (LCC), to simulate mechanical damage caused by insect chewing for the quantification of plant hormones and transcriptome and metabolome assays. The results show that the different modes of treatments significantly influence the contents of JA and SA in time following treatment. Three types of differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were found to be involved in the initial response, namely phenolic acids, lipids, and flavonoids. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicated that 722 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are positively related to feeding stimulation and the specific enriched pathways are plant hormone signal transduction and flavonoid biosynthesis, among others. Two TIFY transcription factors (PtTIFY54 and PtTIFY22) and a MYB transcription factor (PtMYB26) were found to be involved in the interaction between plant hormones, mainly in the context of JA signal transduction and flavonoid biosynthesis. The results of this study provide an insight into how JA activates, serving as a reference for understanding the molecular mechanisms of resistance formation in conifers responding to mandibulate insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhao
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Tianhua Sun
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China;
| | - Ruibo Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Yongjie Yu
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Guona Zhou
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Junxia Liu
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Baojia Gao
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
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3
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Bigini V, Sillo F, Giulietti S, Pontiggia D, Giovannini L, Balestrini R, Savatin DV. Oligogalacturonide application increases resistance to Fusarium head blight in durum wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3070-3091. [PMID: 38334507 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Fusariosis causes substantial yield losses in the wheat crop worldwide and compromises food safety because of the presence of toxins associated with the fungal disease. Among the current approaches to crop protection, the use of elicitors able to activate natural defense mechanisms in plants is a strategy gaining increasing attention. Several studies indicate that applications of plant cell-wall-derived elicitors, such as oligogalacturonides (OGs) derived from partial degradation of pectin, induce local and systemic resistance against plant pathogens. The aim of this study was to establish the efficacy of OGs in protecting durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum), which is characterized by an extreme susceptibility to Fusarium graminearum. To evaluate the functionality of OGs, spikes and seedlings of cv. Svevo were inoculated with OGs, F. graminearum spores, and a co-treatment of both. Results demonstrated that OGs are active elicitors of wheat defenses, triggering typical immune marker genes and determining regulation of fungal genes. Moreover, bioassays on spikes and transcriptomic analyses on seedlings showed that OGs can regulate relevant physiological processes in Svevo with dose-dependent specificity. Thus, the OG sensing system plays an important role in fine tuning immune signaling pathways in durum wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bigini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Fabiano Sillo
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Sarah Giulietti
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Department of Biology and biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Ple Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pontiggia
- Department of Biology and biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Ple Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Research Center for Applied Sciences to the safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC), Sapienza University of Rome, Ple Aldo Moro, 5 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Giovannini
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniel V Savatin
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Uddin N, Li X, Ullah MW, Sethupathy S, Ma K, Zahoor, Elboughdiri N, Khan KA, Zhu D. Lignin developmental patterns and Casparian strip as apoplastic barriers: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129595. [PMID: 38253138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Lignin and Casparian strips are two essential components of plant cells that play critical roles in plant development regulate nutrients and water across the plants cell. Recent studies have extensively investigated lignin diversity and Casparian strip formation, providing valuable insights into plant physiology. This review presents the established lignin biosynthesis pathway, as well as the developmental patterns of lignin and Casparian strip and transcriptional network associated with Casparian strip formation. It describes the biochemical and genetic mechanisms that regulate lignin biosynthesis and deposition in different plants cell types and tissues. Additionally, the review highlights recent studies that have uncovered novel lignin biosynthesis genes and enzymatic pathways, expanding our understanding of lignin diversity. This review also discusses the developmental patterns of Casparian strip in roots and their role in regulating nutrient and water transport, focusing on recent genetic and molecular studies that have identified regulators of Casparian strip formation. Previous research has shown that lignin biosynthesis genes also play a role in Casparian strip formation, suggesting that these processes are interconnected. In conclusion, this comprehensive overview provides insights into the developmental patterns of lignin diversity and Casparian strip as apoplastic barriers. It also identifies future research directions, including the functional characterization of novel lignin biosynthesis genes and the identification of additional regulators of Casparian strip formation. Overall, this review enhances our understanding of the complex and interconnected processes that drive plant growth, pathogen defense, regulation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Uddin
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xia Li
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Sivasamy Sethupathy
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Keyu Ma
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zahoor
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Noureddine Elboughdiri
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81441, Saudi Arabia; Chemical Engineering Process Department, National School of Engineers Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6029, Tunisia
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Applied College, Mahala Campus and the Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production/Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daochen Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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Liu L, Ma L, Yu Y, Ma Z, Yin Y, Zhou S, Yu Y, Cui N, Meng X, Fan H. Cucumis sativus CsbZIP90 suppresses Podosphaera xanthii resistance by modulating reactive oxygen species. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 339:111945. [PMID: 38061503 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to disease in plants requires the coordinated action of multiple functionally related genes, as it is difficult to improve disease resistance with a single functional gene. Therefore, the use of transcription factors to regulate the expression of multiple resistance genes to improve disease resistance has become a recent focus in the field of gene research. The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family plays vital regulatory roles in processes, such as plant growth and development and the stress response. In our previous study, CsbZIP90 (Cucsa.134370) was involved in the defense response of cucumber to Podosphaera xanthii, but the relationship between cucumber and resistance to powdery mildew remained unclear. Herein, we detected the function of CsbZIP90 in response to P. xanthii. CsbZIP90 was localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus, and its expression was significantly induced during P. xanthii attack. Transient overexpression of CsbZIP90 in cucumber cotyledons resulted in decreased resistance to P. xanthii, while silencing CsbZIP90 increased resistance to P. xanthii. CsbZIP90 negatively regulated the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes and activities of ROS-related kinases. Taken together, our results show that CsbZIP90 suppresses P. xanthi resistance by modulating ROS. This study will provide target genes for breeding cucumbers resistant to P. xanthii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yongbo Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhangtong Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yunhan Yin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Na Cui
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiangnan Meng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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6
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Yu Y, He J, Liu L, Zhao H, Zhang M, Hong J, Meng X, Fan H. Characterization of caffeoyl shikimate esterase gene family identifies CsCSE5 as a positive regulator of Podosphaera xanthii and Corynespora cassiicola pathogen resistance in cucumber. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1937-1950. [PMID: 37823975 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE CsCSE genes might be involved in the tolerance of cucumber to pathogens. Silencing of the CsCSE5 gene resulted in attenuated resistance of cucumber to Podosphaera xanthii and Corynespora cassiicola. Caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE), a key enzyme in the lignin biosynthetic pathway, has recently been characterized to play a key role in defense against pathogenic infection in plants. However, a systematic analysis of the CSE gene family in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) has not yet been conducted. Here, we identified eight CsCSE genes from the cucumber genome via bioinformatic analyses, and these genes were unevenly distributed on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, and 5. Results from multiple sequence alignment indicated that the CsCSE proteins had domains required for CSE activity. Phylogenetic analysis of gene structure and protein motifs revealed the conservation and diversity of the CsCSE gene family. Collinearity analysis showed that CsCSE genes had high homology with CSE genes in wax gourd (Benincasa hispida). Cis-acting element analysis of the promoters suggested that CsCSE genes might play important roles in growth, development, and stress tolerance. Expression pattern analysis indicated that CsCSE5 might be involved in regulating the resistance of cucumber to pathogens. Functional verification data confirmed that CsCSE5 positively regulates the resistance of cucumber to powdery mildew pathogen Podosphaera xanthii and target leaf spot pathogen Corynespora cassiicola. The results of our study provide information that will aid the genetic improvement of resistant cucumber varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiajing He
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Linghao Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinghang Hong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiangnan Meng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
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7
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Ma L, Song T, Yu Y, Liu L, Qu M, Zhou S, Meng X, Fan H. Target of rapamycin (TOR) plays a role in regulating ROS-induced chloroplast damage during cucumber (Cucumis sativus) leaf senescence. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14124. [PMID: 38148210 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
In cucumber production, delaying leaf senescence is crucial for improving cucumber yield and quality. Target of rapamycin (TOR) is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase in eukaryotes, which can integrate exogenous and endogenous signals (such as cell energy state levels) to stimulate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. However, no studies have yet examined the regulatory role of TOR signalling in cucumber leaf senescence. In this study, the effects of TOR signalling on dark-induced cucumber leaf senescence were investigated using the TOR activator MHY1485 and inhibitor AZD8055 combined with transient transformation techniques. The results indicate that TOR responds to dark-induced leaf senescence, and alterations in TOR activity/expression influence cucumber leaf resistance to dark-induced senescence. Specifically, in plants with elevated TOR activity/expression, we observed reduced expression of senescence-related genes, less membrane lipid damage, decreased cell apoptosis, lower levels of reactive oxygen species production, and less damage to the photosynthetic system compared to the control. In contrast, in plants with reduced TOR activity/expression, we observed higher expression of senescence-related genes, increased membrane lipid damage, enhanced cell apoptosis, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species production, and more damage to the photosynthetic system. These comprehensive results underscore the critical role of TOR in regulating dark-induced cucumber leaf senescence. These findings provide a foundation for controlling premature leaf senescence in cucumber production and offer insights for further exploration of leaf senescence mechanisms and the development of more effective control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tiefeng Song
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongbo Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Linghao Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengqi Qu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangnan Meng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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8
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Jiang N, Wang L, Jiang D, Wang M, Yu H, Yao W. Combined metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveal the mechanism of eugenol inhibition of Aspergillus carbonarius growth in table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Food Res Int 2023; 170:112934. [PMID: 37316002 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During storage, Aspergillus carbonarius (A. carbonarius) can easily infect grape berries, resulting in a pronounced decline in nutritional value and substantial economic loss for the grape industry. Characterised by broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, eugenol is proven to significantly inhibit A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A (OTA) in vitro. In this study, the potential mechanism of eugenol against A. carbonarius in grapes ('Kyoho') was evaluated using integrative transcriptomic and metabolomics analyses. After eugenol treatment at 50 mM, the inhibition of OTA was reduced by 100%, despite a 56.2% inhibition of A. carbonarius. In the meantime, mycelial growth was completely inhibited by 100 mM eugenol in grape berries. The application of eugenol to grapes stimulated the activity of several enzymes involved in disease resistance, namely catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), chitinase (CHI), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) and glutathione (GSH) content. In addition, the contents of abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) in eugenol-treated grapes were higher after A. carbonarius inoculation. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that in phenylpropane biosynthesis, there were a variety of differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the plant hormone signalling pathway changed significantly. Among these, the levels of 47 polyphenol metabolites significantly increased in eugenol-treated grape berries compared to noneugenol-treated berries. Meanwhile, we investigated the transcript levels of 39 genes in 6 phytohormones signalling in response to eugenol-treated grape berries followed by A. carbonarius inoculation. These results suggest that eugenol positively improved the disease resistance of grapes and might be potentially beneficial for the prevention and treatment of A. carbonarius-caused disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Liuqing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China.
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