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Kawashima H, Yoshizawa K. The physiological and pathological properties of Mead acid, an endogenous multifunctional n-9 polyunsaturated fatty acid. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:172. [PMID: 37838679 PMCID: PMC10576882 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01937-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mead acid (MA, 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid) is an n-9 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and a marker of essential fatty acid deficiency, but nonetheless generally draws little attention. MA is distributed in various normal tissues and can be converted to several specific lipid mediators by lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase. Recent pathological and epidemiological studies on MA raise the possibility of its effects on inflammation, cancer, dermatitis and cystic fibrosis, suggesting it is an endogenous multifunctional PUFA. This review summarizes the biosynthesis, presence, metabolism and physiological roles of MA and its relation to various diseases, as well as the significance of MA in PUFA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kawashima
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd, Seika, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Innovative Food Sciences, School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Gao S, Zhao J, Liu X, Liu L, Chen R. Metabolomics reveals serum metabolic signatures in H-type hypertension based on mass spectrometry multi-platform. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e14063. [PMID: 37458276 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND H-type hypertension (HHT) is a disease combined with hyperhomocysteinaemia and hypertension (HT). This study aims to find specific metabolic changes and reveal the pathophysiological mechanism of HHT, which provide the theoretical basis for the early prevention and treatment of HHT. METHODS Serum samples from three groups including 53 HHT patients, 36 HT patients and 46 healthy controls (HC) were collected. The targeted and untargeted metabolomics analyses were performed to determine the metabolic changes. Based on multivariate statistical analysis, the serum potential metabolites were screened and different metabolic pathways were explored. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that there were 28 important potential metabolites for distinguishing HT from HHT patients. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that the different metabolic pathways between HHT and HC group were arginine biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism. The changed metabolic pathway of HT and HC group included linoleic acid metabolism. The specific metabolic pathways of HT-HHT comparison group had phenylalanine metabolism; phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis; glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomics analysis by mass spectrometry multi-platform revealed the differences of metabolic profiles between HHT and HT subjects. This work laid the groundwork for understanding the aetiology of HHT, and these findings may provide the useful information for explaining the HHT metabolic alterations and try to prevent HHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinhui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
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Zhang W, Zhao H, Du P, Cui H, Lu S, Xiang Z, Lu Q, Jia S, Zhao M. Integration of metabolomics and lipidomics reveals serum biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus with different organs involvement. Clin Immunol 2022; 241:109057. [PMID: 35667550 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects various organs or systems. We performed metabolomic and lipidomic profiles analyses of 133 SLE patients and 30 HCs. Differential metabolites and lipids were integrated, and then the biomarker panel was identified using binary logistic regression. We found that a combination of four metabolites or lipids could distinguish SLE from HC with an AUC of 0.998. Three lipids were combined to differentiate inactive SLE and active SLE. The AUC was 0.767. In addition, we also identified the biomarkers for different organ phenotypes of SLE. The AUCs for diagnosing SLE patients with only kidney involvement, skin involvement, blood system involvement, and multisystem involvement were 0.766, 0.718, 0.951, and 0.909, respectively. Our study succeeded in identifying biomarkers associated with different clinical phenotypes in SLE patients, which could facilitate a more precise diagnosis and assessment of disease progression in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Pei Du
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Haobo Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Sujie Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha 410011, China.
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Chen G, Guo L, Zhao X, Ren Y, Chen H, Liu J, Jiang J, Liu P, Liu X, Hu B, Wang N, Peng H, Xu G, Tao H. Serum Metabonomics Reveals Risk Factors in Different Periods of Cerebral Infarction in Humans. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:784288. [PMID: 35242810 PMCID: PMC8887861 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.784288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of key metabolite variations and their biological mechanisms in cerebral infarction (CI) have increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. However, how metabolite variations in different periods of CI influence these biological processes and whether key metabolites from different periods may better predict disease progression are still unknown. We performed a systematic investigation using the metabonomics method. Various metabolites in different pathways were investigated by serum metabolic profiling of 143 patients diagnosed with CI and 59 healthy controls. Phe-Phe, carnitine C18:1, palmitic acid, cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, palmitoleic acid, 1-linoleoyl-rac-glycerol, MAG 18:1, MAG 20:3, phosphoric acid, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, Ca, K, and GGT were the major components in the early period of CI. GCDCA, glycocholate, PC 36:5, LPC 18:2, and PA showed obvious changes in the intermediate time. In contrast, trans-vaccenic acid, linolenic acid, linoleic acid, all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, DHA, FFA 18:1, FFA 18:2, FFA 18:3, FFA 20:4, FFA 22:6, PC 34:1, PC 36:3, PC 38:4, ALP, and Crea displayed changes in the later time. More importantly, we found that phenylalanine metabolism, medium-chain acylcarnitines, long-chain acylcarnitines, choline, DHEA, LPC 18:0, LPC 18:1, FFA 18:0, FFA 22:4, TG, ALB, IDBIL, and DBIL played vital roles in the development of different periods of CI. Increased phenylacetyl-L-glutamine was detected and may be a biomarker for CI. It was of great significance that we identified key metabolic pathways and risk metabolites in different periods of CI different from those previously reported. Specific data are detailed in the Conclusion section. In addition, we also explored metabolite differences of CI patients complicated with high blood glucose compared with healthy controls. Further work in this area may inform personalized treatment approaches in clinical practice for CI by experimentally elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyou Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yachao Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Hongyang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Academic Affairs Office, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Jiaqi Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Peijia Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Bo Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Haisheng Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Haiquan Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Cerebrovascular Diseases Department, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
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Sunjic SB, Gasparovic AC, Jaganjac M, Rechberger G, Meinitzer A, Grune T, Kohlwein SD, Mihaljevic B, Zarkovic N. Sensitivity of Osteosarcoma Cells to Concentration-Dependent Bioactivities of Lipid Peroxidation Product 4-Hydroxynonenal Depend on Their Level of Differentiation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020269. [PMID: 33572933 PMCID: PMC7912392 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) is a major aldehydic product of lipid peroxidation known to exert several biological effects. Normal and malignant cells of the same origin express different sensitivity to HNE. We used human osteosarcoma cells (HOS) in different stages of differentiation in vitro, showing differences in mitosis, DNA synthesis, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. Differentiated HOS cells showed decreased proliferation (3H-thymidine incorporation), decreased viability (thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide-MTT), and increased apoptosis and necrosis (nuclear morphology by staining with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-DAPI). Differentiated HOS also had less expressed c-MYC, but the same amount of c-FOS (immunocytochemistry). When exposed to HNE, differentiated HOS produced more reactive oxygen species (ROS) in comparison with undifferentiated HOS. To clarify this, we measured HNE metabolism by an HPLC method, total glutathione (GSH), oxidized GSH (ox GSH), glutathione transferase activity (GST), proteasomal activity by enzymatic methods, HNE-protein adducts by genuine ELISA and fatty acid composition by GC-MS in these cell cultures. Differentiated HOS cells had less GSH, lower HNE metabolism, increased formation of HNE-protein adducts, and lower proteasomal activity, in comparison to undifferentiated counterpart cells, while GST and oxGSH were the same. Fatty acids analyzed by GC-MS showed that there is an increase in C20:3 in differentiated HOS while the amount of C20:4 remained the same. The results showed that the cellular machinery responsible for protection against toxicity of HNE was less efficient in differentiated HOS cells. Moreover, differentiated HOS cells contained more C20:3 fatty acid, which might make them more sensitive to free radical-initiated oxidative chain reactions and more vulnerable to the effects of reactive aldehydes such as HNE. We propose that HNE might act as natural promotor of decay of malignant (osteosarcoma) cells in case of their differentiation associated with alteration of the lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Borovic Sunjic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.S.); (A.C.G.); (M.J.); (B.M.)
| | - Ana Cipak Gasparovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.S.); (A.C.G.); (M.J.); (B.M.)
| | - Morana Jaganjac
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.S.); (A.C.G.); (M.J.); (B.M.)
| | - Gerald Rechberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Bio TechMed-Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.R.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Andreas Meinitzer
- University Clinic of Traumatology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sepp D. Kohlwein
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Bio TechMed-Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.R.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Branka Mihaljevic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.S.); (A.C.G.); (M.J.); (B.M.)
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.S.); (A.C.G.); (M.J.); (B.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Park HG, Engel MG, Vogt-Lowell K, Lawrence P, Kothapalli KS, Brenna JT. The role of fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes in oleic acid metabolism: FADS1 Δ7 desaturates 11-20:1 to 7,11-20:2. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 128:21-25. [PMID: 29413358 PMCID: PMC5806126 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In mammals, FADS2 catalyzes "front-end" Δ4-, Δ6-, and Δ8-desaturation of fatty acyl chains, whereas FADS1 has Δ5-desaturase activity. Eighteen and 20-carbon precursors to highly unsaturated n-3 and n-6 fatty acids are the usual substrates for FADS1 and FADS2. Our main objective was to characterize the metabolic fate of oleic acid (OA) due to action of FADS gene products. METHODS MCF-7 cells were stably transformed with either FADS1 or FADS2 or empty vector. A series of dose-response experiments were conducted with albumin-bound fatty acid substrates (18:1n-9 and 20:1n-9) provided in concentrations up to 100µM. Cells were harvested after 24h, after which FAME were prepared and analyzed by GC-FID and covalent adduct chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (CACI-MS/MS). RESULTS When stably transformed cells were incubated with 18:1n-9, FADS1 and control cells elongated 18:1n-9 → 20:1n-9 (11-20:1), while FADS2 cells Δ6 desaturated, elongated, and then Δ5 desaturated via FADS1 coded activity leading to Mead acid, 9-18:1 → 6,9-18:2 → 8,11-20:2 (20:2n-9) → 6,8,11-20:3 (20:3n-9). Surprisingly, FADS1 cells Δ7 desaturated 11-20:1 → 7,11-20:2, the latter detected at low levels in control and FADS2 cells. Our results imply three pathways operate on 18:1n-9: 1) 18:1n-9 → 18:2n-9 → 20:2n-9 → 20:3n-9; 2) 18:1n-9 → 20:1n-9 → 20:2n-9 → 20:3n-9 and 3) 18:1n-9 → 20:1n-9 → 7,11-20:2. CONCLUSION Alternative pathways for oleic acid metabolism exist depending on FADS2 or FADS1 activities, we present the first evidence of Δ7 desaturation via the FADS1 gene product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gyu Park
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA.
| | - Matthew G Engel
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Kyle Vogt-Lowell
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Peter Lawrence
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Kumar S Kothapalli
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA.
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA.
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Royo F, Palomo L, Mleczko J, Gonzalez E, Alonso C, Martínez I, Pérez-Cormenzana M, Castro A, Falcon-Perez JM. Metabolically active extracellular vesicles released from hepatocytes under drug-induced liver-damaging conditions modify serum metabolome and might affect different pathophysiological processes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 98:51-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Sato D, Oda K, Kusunoki M, Nishina A, Takahashi K, Feng Z, Tsutsumi K, Nakamura T. PPARγ activation alters fatty acid composition in adipose triglyceride, in addition to proliferation of small adipocytes, in insulin resistant high-fat fed rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 773:71-7. [PMID: 26825545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It was reported that adipocyte size is potentially correlated in part to amount of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and insulin resistance because several long chain PUFAs can be ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). In our previous study, marked reduction of PUFAs was observed in insulin-resistant high-fat fed rats, which may indicate that PUFAs are consumed to improve insulin resistance. Although PPARγ agonist, well known as an insulin sensitizer, proliferates small adipocytes, the effects of PPARγ agonist on FA composition in adipose tissue have not been clarified yet. In the present study, we administered pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, to high-fat fed rats, and measured their FA composition of triglyceride fraction in adipose tissue and adipocyte diameters in pioglitazone-treated (PIO) and non-treated (control) rats. Insulin sensitivity was obtained with hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Average adipocyte diameter in the PIO group were smaller than that in the control one without change in tissue weight. In monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), 14:1n-5, 16:1n-7, and 18:1n-9 contents in the PIO group were lower than those, respectively, in the control group. In contrast, 22:6n-3, 20:3n-6, 20:4n-6, and 22:4n-6 contents in the PIO group were higher than those, respectively, in the control group. Insulin sensitivity was higher in the PIO group than in the control one. These findings suggest that PPARγ activation lowered MUFAs whereas suppressed most of C20 or C22 PUFAs reduction, and that the change of fatty acid composition may be relevant with increase in small adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sato
- Department of Biomedical Information Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2, Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Kanako Oda
- Department of Biomedical Information Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2, Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Masataka Kusunoki
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Atsuyoshi Nishina
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14, Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Takahashi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Yamagata Prefectural Yonezawa University of Nutrition Sciences, 6-15-1, Tohrimachi, Yonezawa 992-0025, Japan.
| | - Zhonggang Feng
- Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Johnan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Tsutsumi
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, 2-2-2, Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan.
| | - Takao Nakamura
- Department of Biomedical Information Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2, Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
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Connolly KD, Guschina IA, Yeung V, Clayton A, Draman MS, Von Ruhland C, Ludgate M, James PE, Rees DA. Characterisation of adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles released pre- and post-adipogenesis. J Extracell Vesicles 2015; 4:29159. [PMID: 26609807 PMCID: PMC4661001 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v4.29159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are submicron vesicles released from many cell types, including adipocytes. EVs are implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-driven cardiovascular disease, although the characteristics of adipocyte-derived EVs are not well described. We sought to define the characteristics of adipocyte-derived EVs before and after adipogenesis, hypothesising that adipogenesis would affect EV structure, molecular composition and function. Using 3T3-L1 cells, EVs were harvested at day 0 and day 15 of differentiation. EV and cell preparations were visualised by electron microscopy and EVs quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). EVs were then assessed for annexin V positivity using flow cytometry; lipid and phospholipid composition using 2D thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography; and vesicular protein content by an immuno-phenotyping assay. Pre-adipogenic cells are connected via a network of protrusions and EVs at both time points display classic EV morphology. EV concentration is elevated prior to adipogenesis, particularly in exosomes and small microvesicles. Parent cells contain higher proportions of phosphatidylserine (PS) and show higher annexin V binding. Both cells and EVs contain an increased proportion of arachidonic acid at day 0. PREF-1 was increased at day 0 whilst adiponectin was higher at day 15 indicating EV protein content reflects the stage of adipogenesis of the cell. Our data suggest that EV production is higher in cells before adipogenesis, particularly in vesicles <300 nm. Cells at this time point possess a greater proportion of PS (required for EV generation) whilst corresponding EVs are enriched in signalling fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid, and markers of adipogenesis, such as PREF-1 and PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Connolly
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Irina A Guschina
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Yeung
- Institute of Cancer Genetics, School of Medicine, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Aled Clayton
- Institute of Cancer Genetics, School of Medicine, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mohd Shazli Draman
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Von Ruhland
- Central Biotechnology Services, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marian Ludgate
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Philip E James
- School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - D Aled Rees
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom;
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Kinoshita Y, Yoshizawa K, Hamazaki K, Emoto Y, Yuri T, Yuki M, Kawashima H, Shikata N, Tsubura A. Dietary effects of mead acid on N-methyl- N-nitrosourea-induced mammary cancers in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Biomed Rep 2015; 4:33-39. [PMID: 26870330 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of mead acid (MA; 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid) on the suppression of the development and growth of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary cancer in female Sprague-Dawley rats was examined. The MA diet (2.4% MA) or control (CTR) diet (0% MA) was started at 6 weeks of age, MNU was injected intraperitoneally at 7 weeks of age, and the rats were maintained on the respective diets for the whole experimental period (until 19 weeks of age). All induced mammary tumors were luminal A subtype carcinomas (estrogen and progesterone receptor positive and HER2/neu negative). The MA diet significantly suppressed the initiation and promotion phases of mammary carcinogenesis; MA suppressed the development (incidence, 61.5 vs. 100%; multiplicity, 2.1 vs. 4.5) and the growth (final tumor weight, 427.1 vs. 1,796.3 mg) of mammary cancers by suppressing cell proliferation, but not by accelerating cell death. There were evident changes in the major fatty acid composition of n-3, n-6, and n-9 fatty acids in the serum of the MA diet group; there was a significant increase in MA and significant decreases in oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. In non-tumorous mammary tissue, there was a significant increase in MA and a significant decrease in OA in the MA diet group. The n-6/n-3 ratios in serum and mammary tissue of the MA diet group were significantly decreased. The MA diet suppressed MNU-induced luminal A mammary cancer by lowering cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, MA may be a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent. In addition to hormone therapy, MA supplementation may be a beneficial chemotherapeutic agent for the luminal A subtype of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kinoshita
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 537-1010, Japan; Division of Diagnostic Cytopathology and Histopathology, Kansai Medical University Takii Hospital, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 537-1010, Japan
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yuko Emoto
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 537-1010, Japan
| | - Takashi Yuri
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 537-1010, Japan
| | - Michiko Yuki
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 537-1010, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawashima
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., Seika-cho, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shikata
- Division of Diagnostic Cytopathology and Histopathology, Kansai Medical University Takii Hospital, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507, Japan
| | - Airo Tsubura
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 537-1010, Japan
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Hamazaki K, Kawaguchi Y, Nakano M, Yasuda T, Seki S, Hori T, Hamazaki T, Kimura T. Mead acid (20:3n-9) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are not associated with risk of posterior longitudinal ligament ossification: results of a case-control study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 96:31-6. [PMID: 25669698 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) involves the replacement of ligamentous tissue with ectopic bone. Although genetics and heritability appear to be involved in the development of OPLL, its pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. Given previous findings that 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid [20:3n-9, Mead acid (MA)] has depressive effects on osteoblastic activity and anti-angiogenic effects, and that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have a preventive effect on heterotopic ossification, we hypothesized that both fatty acids would be involved in OPLL development. To examine the biological significance of these and other fatty acids in OPLL, we conducted this case-control study involving 106 patients with cervical OPLL and 109 age matched controls. Fatty acid composition was determined from plasma samples by gas chromatography. Associations between fatty acid levels and incident OPLL were evaluated by logistic regression. Contrary to our expectations, we found no significant differences between patients and controls in the levels of MA or n-3 PUFAs (e.g., eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid). Logistic regression analysis did not reveal any associations with OPLL risk for MA or n-3 PUFAs. In conclusion, no potential role was found for MA or n-3 PUFAs in ectopic bone formation in the spinal canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Yoshiharu Kawaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masato Nakano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Yasuda
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shoji Seki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Tomoatsu Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Sato D, Kusunoki M, Seino N, Nishina A, Feng Z, Tsutsumi K, Nakamura T. Black soybean extract reduces fatty acid contents in subcutaneous, but not in visceral adipose triglyceride in high-fat fed rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:539-45. [PMID: 25830948 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1028907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
It is known that black soybean (BS) extract, rich in polyphenols, has beneficial effects against obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance. However, detailed effects of BS on lipid metabolism have not been documented well. In the present study, we compared fatty acid composition in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues of high-fat fed (HFF) rats and BS administered HFF rats. Black soybean administration for 6 weeks influenced neither body nor adipose tissue weights, blood glucose, plasma insulin levels, or insulin sensitivity. However, BS reduced several saturated (C14:0 and C16:0), monounsaturated (C14:1n-5 and C18:1n-9) and n-6 polyunsaturated (C18:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C20:4n-6 and C22:4n-6) fatty acid contents in subcutaneous fat without any change in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid contents. No such effect was observed in fatty acid composition in visceral fat. Long-chain fatty acids are involved in regulation of inflammation. Therefore, those reduced fatty acids may be linked to the effects on suppressing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sato
- Department of Biomedical Information Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University , Yamagata , Japan
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Emoto Y, Yoshizawa K, Hamazaki K, Kinoshita Y, Yuki M, Yuri T, Kawashima H, Tsubura A. Mead acid supplementation does not rescue rats from cataract and retinal degeneration induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. J Toxicol Pathol 2014; 28:11-20. [PMID: 26023256 PMCID: PMC4337494 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2014-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids and their derivatives play a role in the response to ocular disease. Our current study investigated the effects of dietary mead acid (MA, 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid) supplementation on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced cataract and retinal degeneration in Sprague-Dawley rats. Experiment 1 was designed to inhibit cataract formation, with the dams fed a 2.4% MA or basal (<0.01% MA) diet during lactational periods. On postnatal day 7, male pups received a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 50 mg/kg MNU or vehicle. Lens opacity and morphology were examined 7 and 14 days after the MNU injection. Experiment 2 was designed to inhibit retinal degeneration and was performed with female postweaning rats. In this experiment, dams were fed the 2.4% MA or basal diet during the lactational periods. Thereafter, the female pups were continuously fed the same diets during their postweaning periods. On postnatal day 21 (at weaning), pups received a single ip injection of 50 mg/kg MNU. Retinal morphology was examined 7 days after the MNU injection. In experiment 3, six-week-old female rats were fed the 2.4% MA or basal diet starting at one week before the MNU injection and were then continuously fed the same diets until sacrifice. Rats at 7 weeks of age were given a single ip injection of 40 mg/kg MNU, and the retina was then examined morphologically one week after the MNU injection. In experiment 1, mature cataract was found in all of the MNU-treated groups, with or without MA supplementation. In experiments 2 and 3, atrophy of both the peripheral and central outer retina occurred in all rats exposed to MNU, with or without MA supplementation, respectively. The severities of the cataracts and retinal atrophy in the rats were similar regardless of MA supplementation. Dietary mead acid, which is used as a substitute in essential fatty acid deficiency in the body, does not modify MNU-induced cataract and retinal degeneration in rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Emoto
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kinoshita
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan. ; Division of Pathology, Kansai Medical University Takii Hospital, 10-15 Fumizono, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507, Japan
| | - Michiko Yuki
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takashi Yuri
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawashima
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto, Osaka 618-8503, Japan
| | - Airo Tsubura
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
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14
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KINOSHITA YUICHI, YOSHIZAWA KATSUHIKO, HAMAZAKI KEI, EMOTO YUKO, YURI TAKASHI, YUKI MICHIKO, SHIKATA NOBUAKI, KAWASHIMA HIROSHI, TSUBURA AIRO. Mead acid inhibits the growth of KPL-1 human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1385-94. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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15
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Murugan K, Anandaraj K, Al-Sohaibani SA. Evaluation of allium and its seasoning on toxigenic, nutritional, and sensorial profiles of groundnut oil. J Food Sci 2014; 79:M643-52. [PMID: 24620916 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitigation of xerophilic storage fungi-associated aflatoxin threat in culinary oil will be a new technology advantage to food industries. Groundnut oil isolate Aspergillus flavus MTCC 10680 susceptibility to Allium species (A. sativum L., A. cepa L., and A. cepa var. aggregatum) extracts, composition, and in silico confirmation of extract's phytoconstituent aflatoxin synthesis inhibition were determined. The behavior of seasoning carrier medium groundnut oil in the presence of Allium was also determined. All the Allium species extracts exhibited concentration dependent in vitro inhibition on mycelial biomass, radial growth, and toxin elaboration. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 28, 16, and 9 compounds in the extracts of A. sativum, A. cepa, A. cepa var. aggregatum, respectively. The Allium phytocostituents-like hexadecanoic acid, 5-Octanoyl-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione, Guanosine, and so on, showed higher binding energy with aflatoxin synthesis key enzyme ver1. Allium seasoning increased the typical nutty odor of the groundnut oil with sweet aroma note as well as intensification of pale yellow color. Allium seasoning exhibited the highest aflatoxin detoxification and aroma development without any nutritional loss. Culinary oil Allium seasoning has anti-aflatoxin and food additive potential for use in food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasi Murugan
- Dept. of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud Univ, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Fatty acid composition in fetal, neonatal, and cultured cardiomyocytes in rats. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 49:798-804. [PMID: 23949778 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Reconstructed myocardial tissue still does not have enough pulsatile contraction. It is well known that fetal and mature neonatal cardiomyocytes utilize glucose and lipid, respectively, as their energy substrates, and that cultured ones mainly use glucose in spite of their age comparable to neonate ones, probably due to insufficient supply of lipids from culture medium. In the present study, we compared 7 saturated, 6 monounsaturated, and 11 polyunsaturated fatty acid contents in cultured cardiomyocytes (Cul group) with those in fetal (Fet group, approximately 17 d after impregnation) and neonatal (Neo group, 9 d old) rats, where the age of the Cul cells were set nearly equal to the Neo ones. Saturated fatty acid contents in the Cul group were generally lower than those in the Fet group and were close to those in the Neo group, except for C12:0 of which content was highest in the Neo group. Monounsaturated fatty acid contents in the Cul group were generally lower than those in the Fet group but similar to or higher than those in the Neo group, except for C24:1n-9 of which content was again highest in the Neo group. In contrast, most of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents in the Cul group appeared lower than those in both the Fet and Neo groups, and differences in 5 of 10 detected PUFAs were significant between the Cul and Neo groups. The results suggest that PUFA contents in cultured cardiomyocytes might be insufficient to exert enough contractile ability. In conclusion, it could be necessary for cultured cardiomyocytes to uptake more lipid; PUFAs in particular.
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