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Aspirin and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid use and their interaction in cardiovascular diseases and colorectal adenomas. Nutr Res Rev 2021; 35:295-307. [PMID: 34253265 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422421000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) is inexpensive and is established in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal adenomas. Omega-3 (n3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have also shown benefit in preventing CVD. The combination could be an effective preventative measure in patients with such diseases. ASA and n3 PUFA reduced the risk of CVD in ASA-resistant or diabetic patients. EPA- and DHA-deficient patients also benefited the most from n3 PUFA supplementation. Synergistic effects between ASA and EPA and DHA are 'V-shaped' such that optimal ASA efficacy is dependent on EPA and DHA concentrations in blood. In colorectal adenomas, ASA (300 mg/d) and EPA reduced adenoma burden in a location- and subtype-specific manner. Low doses of ASA (75-100 mg/d) were used in CVD prevention; however, ultra-low doses (30 mg/d) can also reduce thrombosis. EPA-to-DHA ratio is also important with regard to efficacy. DHA is more effective in reducing blood pressure and modulating systemic inflammation; however, high-dose EPA can lower CVD events in high-risk individuals. Although current literature has yet to examine ASA and DHA in preventing CVD, such combination warrants further investigation. To increase adherence to ASA and n3 PUFA supplementation, combination dosage form may be required to improve outcomes.
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Block RC, Shearer GC, Holub A, Tu XM, Mousa S, Brenna JT, Harris WS, Tintle N. Aspirin and omega-3 fatty acid status interact in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in Framingham Heart Study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 169:102283. [PMID: 33964664 PMCID: PMC8159885 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of omega-3 (n3) fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention of ischemic cardiovascular disease (CVD) are controversial. Since omega-3 (n3) fatty acids and aspirin affect cyclooxygenase activity in platelets, there could be a clinically-relevant effect of aspirin combined with a particular n3 fatty acid level present in each individual. METHODS RBC EPA+DHA, arachidonic acid (AA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) were measured in 2500 participants without known CVD in the Framingham Heart Study. We then tested for interactions with reported aspirin use (1004 reported use and 1494 did not) on CVD outcomes. The median follow-up was 7.2 years. RESULTS Having RBC EPA+DHA in the second quintile (4.2-4.9% of total fatty acids) was associated with significantly reduced risk for future CVD events (relative to the first quintile, <4.2%) in those who did not take aspirin (HR 0.54 (0.30, 0.98)), but in those reporting aspirin use, risk was significantly increased (HR 2.16 (1.19, 3.92)) in this quintile. This interaction remained significant when adjusting for confounders. Significant interactions were also present for coronary heart disease and stroke outcomes using the same quintiles. Similar findings were present for EPA and DHA alone but not for DPA and AA. CONCLUSIONS There is a complex interaction between aspirin use and RBC EPA+DHA levels on CVD outcomes. This suggests that aspirin use may be beneficial in one omega-3 environment but harmful in another, implying that a personalized approach to both aspirin use and omega-3 supplementation may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Block
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States; Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States.
| | - Gregory C Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ashley Holub
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Xin M Tu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Shaker Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Departments of Pediatrics, Human Nutrition, and Chemistry, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | - William S Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota; and OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Nathan Tintle
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dordt University, Sioux Center, Iowa, United States
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Croft D, Block R, Cameron SJ, Evans K, Lowenstein CJ, Ling F, Zareba W, Hopke PK, Utell MJ, Thurston SW, Thevenet-Morrison K, Rich DQ. Do elevated blood levels of omega-3 fatty acids modify effects of particulate air pollutants on fibrinogen? AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2018; 11:791-799. [PMID: 30147809 PMCID: PMC6097058 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-018-0586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we found short-term increases in ambient particulate matter (PM) air pollutant concentrations were associated with increased serum fibrinogen levels in patients with cardiac disease. We now studied whether high blood levels of omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids blunted this fibrinogen response to increased PM concentrations in these same patients. Plasma fibrinogen and ω-3 fatty acid levels (% of total identified fatty acids) were measured in blood samples collected from 135 patients treated at the University of Rochester Medical Center for myocardial infarction or stable ischemic heart disease requiring cardiac catheterization. Using ambient measurements of ultrafine, accumulation mode, and fine particles (PM2.5), Delta-C, and black carbon (BC), we regressed serum fibrinogen levels against pollutant concentrations over the previous 1-96 h, using interaction terms to estimate these associations separately for those with HIGH (> 5.12%) and LOWMED serum levels of ω-3 fatty acid (≤ 5.12%). Each 5.6 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration in the previous hour was associated with a 3.1% increase in fibrinogen (95% CI = 1.5%, 4.7%) in those subjects with LOWMED total ω-3 fatty acid levels, but only a 0.9% increase (95% CI = - 1.5%, 3.2%) in patients with HIGH total ω-3 fatty acid levels. This same pattern was observed with fish oil-derived docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids but not alpha-linolenic (from plant oil or seeds). A similar finding was observed with BC in the prior 24 h, but not other PM. Thus, increased blood levels of fish-based ω-3 fatty acids attenuated increases in fibrinogen associated with short-term increases in ambient PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Croft
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 692, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Robert Block
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Scott J. Cameron
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Kristin Evans
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Charles J. Lowenstein
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Frederick Ling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Wojciech Zareba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Philip K. Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
- Institute for a Sustainable Environment, and Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY USA
| | - Mark J. Utell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 692, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Sally W. Thurston
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Kelly Thevenet-Morrison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - David Q. Rich
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 692, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
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Syren ML, Turolo S, Marangoni F, Milani GP, Edefonti A, Montini G, Agostoni C. The polyunsaturated fatty acid balance in kidney health and disease: A review. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:1829-1839. [PMID: 29254659 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids contribute to preserve renal function. In renal disease states there is generally a lack of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) as measured in biological samples, but despite intense research for more than 30 years, it is still unclear how and to what extent their supplementation would benefit kidney disorders. Studies evaluating the n-6 series and the kidney are less frequent. The last compilation of clinical trials with n-3 LCPUFA supplements focusing on renal function and damage dates back to 2012. We here discuss n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in relation to the kidney summarizing single- and double blind randomized controlled trials performed between 2012 and 2016. Nine were sub-studies/post-hoc analyses of previous parent trials. Twelve out of the twenty trials reported on fatty acid profile or fatty acid species. Factors that may explain inconsistent results obtained after supplementation with the n-3 LCPUFA EPA and DHA in kidney disease are discussed such as baseline levels determining response, drug interaction. The need of evaluating fatty acid status before and after intervention is emphasized, to match changes in outcome measure with changes of any fatty acid potentially involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Syren
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Pediatric Mid-Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Turolo
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Gregorio P Milani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Pediatric Mid-Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alberto Edefonti
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Montini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Pediatric Mid-Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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Block RC, Holub A, Abdolahi A, Tu XM, Mousa SA, Oda MN. Effects of aspirin in combination with EPA and DHA on HDL-C cholesterol and ApoA1 exchange in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 126:25-31. [PMID: 29031392 PMCID: PMC5683419 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/SYNOPSIS Low-dose aspirin is an effective drug for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events but individuals with diabetes mellitus can be subject to 'aspirin resistance'. Thus, aspirin's effect in these individuals is controversial. Higher blood levels of seafood-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) also have beneficial effects in reducing risk of CVD events but few studies have examined the interaction of plasma EPA and DHA with aspirin ingestion. OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE Our study examined the combinatory effects of EPA, DHA, and aspirin ingestion on HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and apoA-I exchange (shown to be associated with CVD event risk). METHODS 30 adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus ingested aspirin (81mg/day) for 7 consecutive days, EPA+DHA (2.6g/day) for 28 days, then both for 7 days. Plasma was collected at baseline and at 5 subsequent visits including 4h after each aspirin ingestion. Mixed model methods were used to determine HDL-C-concentrations and apoA-I exchange compared to the baseline visit values. LOWESS curves were used for non-linear analyses of outcomes to help discern change patterns, which was followed by piecewise linear functions for formal testing of curvilinear relationships. RESULTS Significant changes (p < 0.05) compared to baseline in both HDL-C-concentrations and apoA-I exchange were present at different times. After 7 days of aspirin-only ingestion, apoA-I exchange was significantly modified by increasing levels of DHA concentration, with increased apoA-I exchange observed up until log(DHA) of 4.6 and decreased exchange thereafter (p = 0.03). These LOWESS curve effects were not observed for EPA or HDL-C (p > 0.05). Aspirin's effects on apoA-I exchange were the greatest when EPA or DHA concentrations were moderate compared to high or low. Comparison of EPA, DHA, and EPA+DHA LOWESS curves, demonstrated that the majority of the effect is due to DHA. CONCLUSION Our results strongly suggest that plasma concentrations of EPA and DHA influence aspirin effects on lipid mediators of CVD event risk where their concentrations are most beneficial when moderate, not high or low. These effects on HDL-C cholesterol and apoA-I exchange are novel. Personalized dosing of DHA in those who take aspirin may be a beneficial option for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Block
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States.
| | - Ashley Holub
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Amir Abdolahi
- Department of Acute Care Solutions, Philips Research North America, United States
| | - Xin M Tu
- Division of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics in the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Michael N Oda
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, United States
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Becerra AZ, Georas S, Brenna JT, Hopke PK, Kane C, Chalupa D, Frampton MW, Block R, Rich DQ. Increases in ambient particulate matter air pollution, acute changes in platelet function, and effect modification by aspirin and omega-3 fatty acids: A panel study. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:287-98. [PMID: 27029326 PMCID: PMC4919023 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1157539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Increased particulate matter (PM) air pollutant concentrations have been associated with platelet activation. It was postulated that elevated air pollutant concentrations would be associated with increases in measures of platelet function and that responses would be blunted when taking aspirin and/or fish oil. Data from a sequential therapy trial (30 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus), with 4 clinic visits (first: no supplements, second: aspirin, third: omega-3 fatty acid supplements, fourth: aspirin and omega-3 fatty acids) per subject, were utilized. Using linear mixed models, adjusted for relative humidity, temperature, visit number, and season, changes in three platelet function measures including (1) aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), (2) aggregation induced by collagen, and (3) thromboxane B2 production were associated with interquartile range (IQR) increases in mean concentrations of ambient PM2.5, black carbon, ultrafine particles (UFP; 10-100 nm), and accumulation mode particles (AMP; 100-500 nm) in the previous 1-96 h. IQR increases in mean UFP and AMP concentrations were associated with significant decreases in platelet response, with the largest being a -0.43 log(pg/ml) decrease in log(thromboxane B2) (95% CI = -0.8, -0.1) associated with each 582-particles/cm(3) increase in AMP, and a -1.7 ohm reduction in collagen-induced aggregation (95% CI = -3.1, -0.3) associated with each 2097-particles/cm(3) increase in UFP in the previous 72 h. This UFP effect on thromboxane B2 was significantly muted in diabetic subjects taking aspirin (-0.01 log[pg/ml]; 95% CI = -0.4, 0.3). The reason for this finding remains unknown, and needs to be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adan Z. Becerra
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Steve Georas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - J. Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Philip K. Hopke
- Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, USA
| | - Cathleen Kane
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - David Chalupa
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Mark W. Frampton
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Robert Block
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - David Q. Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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Duttaroy AK. Docosahexaenoic acid supports feto-placental growth and protects cardiovascular and cognitive function: A mini review. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asim K. Duttaroy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Norway
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