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Lin Q, Zhu J, Zhu W, Zhu H, Li M, Zhao J, Jia S, Nie S. Prognostic value and drug sensitivity of F‑box and leucine‑rich repeat protein 6 in glioma. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:320. [PMID: 38807668 PMCID: PMC11130608 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are highly malignant and invasive tumors lacking clear boundaries. Previous bioinformatics and experimental analyses have indicated that F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 6 (FBXL6), a protein crucial for the cell cycle and tumorigenesis, is highly expressed in certain types of tumors. The high expression level of FBXL6 is reported to promote tumor growth and adversely affect patient survival. However, the molecular mechanism, prognostic value and drug sensitivity of FBXL6 in glioma remain unclear. To address this, the present study analyzed FBXL6 expression in gliomas, utilizing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas databases. Analysis of FBXL6 mRNA expression levels, combined with patient factors such as age, sex and tumor grade using Kaplan-Meier plots and nomograms, demonstrated a strong correlation between FBXL6 expression and glioma progression. Co-expression networks provided further insights into the biological function of FBXL6. Additionally, using CIBERSORT and TISDB tools, the correlation between FBXL6 expression correlation tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune genes was demonstrated to be statistically significant. These findings were validated by examining FBXL6 mRNA and protein levels in glioma tissues using various techniques, including western blot, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. These assays demonstrated the role of FBXL6 in glioma progression. Furthermore, drug sensitivity analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between FBXL6 expression and various drugs, which indicated that FBXL6 may potentially act as a future promising therapeutic target in glioma treatment. Therefore, the present study identified FBXL6 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with gliomas and highlighted its potential role in glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Lin
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jinchao Zhu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Weiyao Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P.R. China
| | - Meijun Li
- Department of Pathology, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Shouqiang Jia
- Department of Imaging, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250102, P.R. China
| | - Shengdong Nie
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P.R. China
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2
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Dashtmian AR, Darvishi FB, Arnold WD. Chronological and Biological Aging in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and the Potential of Senolytic Therapies. Cells 2024; 13:928. [PMID: 38891059 PMCID: PMC11171952 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a group of sporadic and genetic neurodegenerative disorders that result in losses of upper and lower motor neurons. Treatment of ALS is limited, and survival is 2-5 years after disease onset. While ALS can occur in younger individuals, the risk significantly increases with advancing age. Notably, both sporadic and genetic forms of ALS share pathophysiological features overlapping hallmarks of aging including genome instability/DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, proteostasis, and cellular senescence. This review explores chronological and biological aging in the context of ALS onset and progression. Age-related muscle weakness and motor unit loss mirror aspects of ALS pathology and coincide with peak ALS incidence, suggesting a potential link between aging and disease development. Hallmarks of biological aging, including DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence, are implicated in both aging and ALS, offering insights into shared mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, senescence-associated secretory phenotype and senolytic treatments emerge as promising avenues for ALS intervention, with the potential to mitigate neuroinflammation and modify disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roshani Dashtmian
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (A.R.D.); (F.B.D.)
- NextGen Precision Health, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Fereshteh B. Darvishi
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (A.R.D.); (F.B.D.)
- NextGen Precision Health, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - William David Arnold
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (A.R.D.); (F.B.D.)
- NextGen Precision Health, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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3
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Liu S, Hong Y, Wang BR, Wei ZQ, Zhao HD, Jiang T, Zhang YD, Shi JQ. The presence and clinical significance of autoantibodies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a narrative review. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07581-x. [PMID: 38733435 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating and rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by the selective loss of the upper and lower motor neurons. The pathogenesis of ALS remains to be elucidated and has been connected to genetic, environmental and immune conditions. Evidence from clinical and experimental studies has suggested that the immune system played an important role in ALS pathophysiology. Autoantibodies are essential components of the immune system. Several autoantibodies directed at antigens associated with ALS pathogenesis have been identified in the serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid of ALS patients. The aim of this review is to summarize the presence and clinical significance of autoantibodies in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Ye Hong
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Bian-Rong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Zi-Qiao Wei
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211166, PR China
| | - Hong-Dong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Ying-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Jian-Quan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China.
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4
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Álvarez I, Tirado-Herranz A, Alvarez-Palomo B, Osete JR, Edel MJ. Proteomic Analysis of Human iPSC-Derived Neural Stem Cells and Motor Neurons Identifies Proteasome Structural Alterations. Cells 2023; 12:2800. [PMID: 38132120 PMCID: PMC10742145 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteins targeted by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) are identified for degradation by the proteasome, which has been implicated in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules present peptides broken down by the proteasome and are involved in neuronal plasticity, regulating the synapse number and axon regeneration in the central or peripheral nervous system during development and in brain diseases. The mechanisms governing these effects are mostly unknown, but evidence from different compartments of the cerebral cortex indicates the presence of immune-like MHC receptors in the central nervous system. METHODS We used human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiated into neural stem cells and then into motor neurons as a developmental model to better understand the structure of the proteasome in developing motor neurons. We performed a proteomic analysis of starting human skin fibroblasts, their matching iPSCs, differentiated neural stem cells and motor neurons that highlighted significant differences in the constitutive proteasome and immunoproteasome subunits during development toward motor neurons from iPSCs. RESULTS The proteomic analysis showed that the catalytic proteasome subunits expressed in fibroblasts differed from those in the neural stem cells and motor neurons. Western blot analysis confirmed the proteomic data, particularly the decreased expression of the β5i (PSMB8) subunit immunoproteasome in MNs compared to HFFs and increased β5 (PSMB5) in MNs compared to HFFs. CONCLUSION The constitutive proteasome subunits are upregulated in iPSCs and NSCs from HFFs. Immunoproteasome subunit β5i expression is higher in MNs than NSCs; however, overall, there is more of a constitutive proteasome structure in MNs when comparing HFFs to MNs. The proteasome composition may have implications for motor neuron development and neurodevelopmental diseases that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Álvarez
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Fisiologia i Immunologia, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (I.Á.); (A.T.-H.)
| | - Adrián Tirado-Herranz
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Fisiologia i Immunologia, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (I.Á.); (A.T.-H.)
| | - Belén Alvarez-Palomo
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat, 116, 08005 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jordi Requena Osete
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 4956 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael J. Edel
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Discipline of Medical Sciences and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
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Jin S, Zhang L, Wang L. Kaempferol, a potential neuroprotective agent in neurodegenerative diseases: From chemistry to medicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115215. [PMID: 37494786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) encompass a range of conditions that involve progressive deterioration and dysfunction of the nervous system. Some of the common NDDs include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although significant progress has been made in understanding the pathological mechanisms of NDDs in recent years, the development of targeted and effective drugs for their treatment remains challenging. Kaempferol is a flavonoid whose derivatives include kaempferol-O-rhamnoside, 3-O-β-rutinoside/6-hydroxykaempferol 3,6-di-O-β-d-glucoside, and kaempferide. Emerging studies have suggested that kaempferol and its derivatives possess neuroprotective properties and may have potential therapeutic benefits in NDDs. Here, we aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the use of kaempferol and its derivatives in the clinical treatment of NDDs. We systematically reviewed the literature in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases until June 2022 using the search terms "kaempferol," "kaempferol derivatives," "NDDs," "pharmacokinetics," and "biosynthesis" according to the reporting items for systematic review (PRISMA) standard. Based on combined results of in vivo and in vitro studies, we summarize the basic mechanisms and targets of kaempferol and its derivatives in the management of AD, PD, HD, and ALS. Kaempferol and its derivatives exert a neuroprotective role mainly by preventing the deposition of amyloid fibrils (such as Aβ, tau, and α-synuclein), inhibiting microglia activation, reducing the release of inflammatory factors, restoring the mitochondrial membrane to prevent oxidative stress, protecting the blood-brain barrier, and inhibiting specific enzyme activities (such as cholinesterase). Kaempferol and its derivatives are promising natural neuroprotective agents. By determining their pharmacological mechanism, kaempferol and its derivatives may be new candidate drugs for the treatment of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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6
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Morello G, La Cognata V, Guarnaccia M, La Bella V, Conforti FL, Cavallaro S. A Diagnostic Gene-Expression Signature in Fibroblasts of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2023; 12:1884. [PMID: 37508548 PMCID: PMC10378077 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, progressive neurodegenerative disease with limited treatment options. Diagnosis can be difficult due to the heterogeneity and non-specific nature of the initial symptoms, resulting in delays that compromise prompt access to effective therapeutic strategies. Transcriptome profiling of patient-derived peripheral cells represents a valuable benchmark in overcoming such challenges, providing the opportunity to identify molecular diagnostic signatures. In this study, we characterized transcriptome changes in skin fibroblasts of sporadic ALS patients (sALS) and controls and evaluated their utility as a molecular classifier for ALS diagnosis. Our analysis identified 277 differentially expressed transcripts predominantly involved in transcriptional regulation, synaptic transmission, and the inflammatory response. A support vector machine classifier based on this 277-gene signature was developed to discriminate patients with sALS from controls, showing significant predictive power in both the discovery dataset and in six independent publicly available gene expression datasets obtained from different sALS tissue/cell samples. Taken together, our findings support the utility of transcriptional signatures in peripheral cells as valuable biomarkers for the diagnosis of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Morello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina La Cognata
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Guarnaccia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo La Bella
- ALS Clinical Research Center and Neurochemistry Laboratory, BiND, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), 95126 Catania, Italy
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7
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Tyler SE, Tyler LD. Pathways to healing: Plants with therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 14:210-234. [PMID: 36880056 PMCID: PMC9984566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Some of the greatest challenges in medicine are the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), which remain without a cure and mostly progress to death. A companion study employed a toolkit methodology to document 2001 plant species with ethnomedicinal uses for alleviating pathologies relevant to NDs, focusing on its relevance to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to find plants with therapeutic bioactivities for a range of NDs. 1339 of the 2001 plant species were found to have a bioactivity from the literature of therapeutic relevance to NDs such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, AD, motor neurone diseases, multiple sclerosis, prion diseases, Neimann-Pick disease, glaucoma, Friedreich's ataxia and Batten disease. 43 types of bioactivities were found, such as reducing protein misfolding, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and cell death, and promoting neurogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, longevity, and anti-microbial activity. Ethno-led plant selection was more effective than random selection of plant species. Our findings indicate that ethnomedicinal plants provide a large resource of ND therapeutic potential. The extensive range of bioactivities validate the usefulness of the toolkit methodology in the mining of this data. We found that a number of the documented plants are able to modulate molecular mechanisms underlying various key ND pathologies, revealing a promising and even profound capacity to halt and reverse the processes of neurodegeneration.
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Key Words
- A-H, Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- ALS, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- BBB, blood-brain barrier
- C. elegans,, Caenorhabditis elegans
- CJD, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- CMT, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
- CS, Cockayne syndrome
- Ech A, Echinochrome A
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- FRDA, Friedreich’s ataxia
- FTD, Frontotemporal dementia
- HD, Huntington’s disease
- Hsp, Heat shock protein
- LSD, Lysosomal storage diseases
- MS, Multiple sclerosis
- MSA, Multiple system atrophy
- MSP, Multisystem proteinopathy
- Medicinal plant
- ND, neurodegenerative disease
- NPC, Neimann-Pick disease type C
- NSC, neural stem cells
- Neuro-inflammation
- Neurodegeneration
- Neurogenesis
- PC, pharmacological chaperone
- PD, Parkinson’s disease
- Protein misfolding
- SMA, Spinal muscular atrophy
- VD, Vascular dementia
- prion dis, prion diseases
- α-syn, alpha-synuclein
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena E.B. Tyler
- John Ray Research Field Station, Cheshire, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author.
| | - Luke D.K. Tyler
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
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8
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Yazar V, Ruf WP, Knehr A, Günther K, Ammerpohl O, Danzer KM, Ludolph AC. DNA Methylation Analysis in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for ALS in Blood Cells. Epigenet Insights 2023; 16:25168657231172159. [PMID: 37152709 PMCID: PMC10161312 DOI: 10.1177/25168657231172159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ALS is a fatal motor neuron disease that displays a broad variety of phenotypes ranging from early fatal courses to slowly progressing and rather benign courses. Such divergence can also be seen in genetic ALS cases with varying phenotypes bearing specific mutations, suggesting epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation act as disease modifiers. However, the epigenotype dictated by, in addition to other mechanisms, DNA methylation is also strongly influenced by the individual's genotype. Hence, we performed a DNA methylation study using EPIC arrays on 7 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs discordant for ALS in whole blood, which serves as an ideal model for eliminating the effects of the genetic-epigenetic interplay to a large extent. We found one CpG site showing intra-pair hypermethylation in the affected co-twins, which maps to the Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor Kainate Type Subunit 1 gene (GRIK1). Additionally, we found 4 DMPs which were subsequently confirmed using 2 different statistical approaches. Differentially methylated regions or blocks could not be detected within the scope of this work. In conclusion, we revealed that despite a low sample size, monozygotic twin studies discordant for the disease can bring new insights into epigenetic processes in ALS, pointing to new target loci for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Yazar
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang P Ruf
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Antje Knehr
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Kornelia Günther
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Ole Ammerpohl
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karin M Danzer
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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Liu W, Zhu SO, Guo YL, Tu LF, Zhen YQ, Zhao RY, Ou-Yang L, Kurihara H, He RR, Liu B. BL-918, a small-molecule activator of ULK1, induces cytoprotective autophagy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis therapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:524-537. [PMID: 36042292 PMCID: PMC9958028 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most common fatal neurodegenerative diseases in adults. ALS pathogenesis is associated with toxic SOD1 aggregates generated by mutant SOD1. Since autophagy is responsible for the clearance of toxic protein aggregates including SOD1 aggregates, autophagy induction has been considered as a potential strategy for treating ALS. Autophagic signaling is initiated by unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) complex. We previously identified that BL-918 as a specific ULK1 activator, which exerted cytoprotective effect against Parkinson's disease in vitro and in vivo. In this study we investigated whether BL-918 exerted a therapeutic effect against ALS, and characterized its pharmacokinetic profile in rats. In hSODG93A-NSC34 cells, treatment with BL-918 (5, 10 μM) dose-dependently induced ULK1-dependent autophagy, and eliminated toxic SOD1 aggregates. In SODG93A mice, administration of BL-918 (40, 80 mg/kg, b.i.d., i.g.) dose-dependently prolonged lifespan and improved the motor function, and enhanced the clearance of SOD1 aggregates in spinal cord and cerebral cortex through inducing autophagy. In the pharmacokinetic study conducted in rats, we found BL-918 and its 2 metabolites (M8 and M10) present in spinal cord and brain; after intragastric and intravenous administration, BL-918 reached the highest blood concentration compared to M8 and M10. Collectively, ULK1 activator BL-918 displays a therapeutic potential on ALS through inducing cytoprotective autophagy. This study provides a further clue for autophagic dysfunction in ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shi-Ou Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu-Lin Guo
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Long-Fang Tu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yong-Qi Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liang Ou-Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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10
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I F. The unique neuropathological vulnerability of the human brain to aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101916. [PMID: 36990284 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), argyrophilic grain disease (AGD), aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG), limbic predominant TDP-43 proteinopathy (LATE), and amygdala-predominant Lewy body disease (LBD) are proteinopathies that, together with hippocampal sclerosis, progressively appear in the elderly affecting from 50% to 99% of individuals aged 80 years, depending on the disease. These disorders usually converge on the same subject and associate with additive cognitive impairment. Abnormal Tau, TDP-43, and α-synuclein pathologies progress following a pattern consistent with an active cell-to-cell transmission and abnormal protein processing in the host cell. However, cell vulnerability and transmission pathways are specific for each disorder, albeit abnormal proteins may co-localize in particular neurons. All these alterations are unique or highly prevalent in humans. They all affect, at first, the archicortex and paleocortex to extend at later stages to the neocortex and other regions of the telencephalon. These observations show that the phylogenetically oldest areas of the human cerebral cortex and amygdala are not designed to cope with the lifespan of actual humans. New strategies aimed at reducing the functional overload of the human telencephalon, including optimization of dream repair mechanisms and implementation of artificial circuit devices to surrogate specific brain functions, appear promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrer I
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Emeritus Researcher of the Bellvitge Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Network of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Irfan Z, Khanam S, Karmakar V, Firdous SM, El Khier BSIA, Khan I, Rehman MU, Khan A. Pathogenesis of Huntington's Disease: An Emphasis on Molecular Pathways and Prevention by Natural Remedies. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1389. [PMID: 36291322 PMCID: PMC9599635 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's disease is an inherited autosomal dominant trait neuro-degenerative disorder caused by changes (mutations) of a gene called huntingtin (htt) that is located on the short arm (p) of chromosome 4, CAG expansion mutation. It is characterized by unusual movements, cognitive and psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVE This review was undertaken to apprehend biological pathways of Huntington's disease (HD) pathogenesis and its management by nature-derived products. Natural products can be lucrative for the management of HD as it shows protection against HD in pre-clinical trials. Advanced research is still required to assess the therapeutic effectiveness of the known organic products and their isolated compounds in HD experimental models. SUMMARY Degeneration of neurons in Huntington's disease is distinguished by progressive loss of motor coordination and muscle function. This is due to the expansion of CAG trinucleotide in the first exon of the htt gene responsible for neuronal death and neuronal network degeneration in the brain. It is believed that the factors such as molecular genetics, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroglia dysfunction, protein aggregation, and altered UPS leads to HD. The defensive effect of the natural product provides therapeutic efficacy against HD. Recent reports on natural drugs have enlightened the protective role against HD via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and neurofunctional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Kolkata 700125, West Bengal, India
| | - Sofia Khanam
- Department of Pharmacology, Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology & AHS, Howrah 711316, West Bengal, India
| | - Varnita Karmakar
- Department of Pharmacology, Eminent College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Barasat 700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayeed Mohammed Firdous
- Department of Pharmacology, Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology & AHS, Howrah 711316, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Ilyas Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneeb U. Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Lee S, Jo M, Kwon Y, Jeon YM, Kim S, Lee KJ, Kim HJ. PTK2 regulates tau-induced neurotoxicity via phosphorylation of p62 at Ser403. J Neurogenet 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36000467 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2022.2114471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that forms insoluble filaments that accumulate as neurofibrillary tangles in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and other related tauopathies. A relationship between abnormal Tau accumulation and ubiquitin-proteasome system impairment has been reported. However, the molecular mechanism linking Tau accumulation and ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) dysfunction remains unclear. Here, we show that overexpression of wild-type or mutant (P301L) Tau increases the abundance of polyubiquitinated proteins and activates the autophagy-lysosome pathway in mammalian neuronal cells. Previous studies found that PTK2 inhibition mitigates toxicity induced by UPS impairment. Thus, we investigated whether PTK2 inhibition can attenuate Tau-induced UPS impairment and cell toxicity. We found that PTK2 inhibition significantly reduces Tau-induced death in mammalian neuronal cells. Moreover, overexpression of WT or mutant Tau increased the phosphorylation levels of PTK2 and p62. We also confirmed that PTK2 inhibition suppresses Tau-induced phosphorylation of PTK2 and p62. Furthermore, PTK2 inhibition significantly attenuated the climbing defect and shortened the lifespan in the Drosophila model of tauopathy. In addition, we observed that phosphorylation of p62 is markedly increased in Alzheimer's disease patients with tauopathies. Taken together, our results indicate that the UPS dysfunction induced by Tau accumulation might contribute directly to neurodegeneration in tauopathies and that PTK2 could be a promising therapeutic target for tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinrye Lee
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Myungjin Jo
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Younghwi Kwon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Jeon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seyeon Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kea Joo Lee
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
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13
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Ferrari V, Cristofani R, Cicardi ME, Tedesco B, Crippa V, Chierichetti M, Casarotto E, Cozzi M, Mina F, Galbiati M, Piccolella M, Carra S, Vaccari T, Nalbandian A, Kimonis V, Fortuna TR, Pandey UB, Gagliani MC, Cortese K, Rusmini P, Poletti A. Pathogenic variants of Valosin-containing protein induce lysosomal damage and transcriptional activation of autophagy regulators in neuronal cells. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12818. [PMID: 35501124 PMCID: PMC10588520 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mutations in the valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene cause various lethal proteinopathies that mainly include inclusion body myopathy with Paget's disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Different pathological mechanisms have been proposed. Here, we define the impact of VCP mutants on lysosomes and how cellular homeostasis is restored by inducing autophagy in the presence of lysosomal damage. METHODS By electron microscopy, we studied lysosomal morphology in VCP animal and motoneuronal models. With the use of western blotting, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunofluorescence and filter trap assay, we evaluated the effect of selected VCP mutants in neuronal cells on lysosome size and activity, lysosomal membrane permeabilization and their impact on autophagy. RESULTS We found that VCP mutants induce the formation of aberrant multilamellar organelles in VCP animal and cell models similar to those found in patients with VCP mutations or with lysosomal storage disorders. In neuronal cells, we found altered lysosomal activity characterised by membrane permeabilization with galectin-3 redistribution and activation of PPP3CB. This selectively activated the autophagy/lysosomal transcriptional regulator TFE3, but not TFEB, and enhanced both SQSTM1/p62 and lipidated MAP1LC3B levels inducing autophagy. Moreover, we found that wild type VCP, but not the mutants, counteracted lysosomal damage induced either by trehalose or by a mutant form of SOD1 (G93A), also blocking the formation of its insoluble intracellular aggregates. Thus, chronic activation of autophagy might fuel the formation of multilamellar bodies. CONCLUSION Together, our findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of VCP-related diseases, by proposing a novel mechanism of multilamellar body formation induced by VCP mutants that involves lysosomal damage and induction of lysophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Riccardo Cristofani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Maria E. Cicardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Barbara Tedesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS – Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Marta Chierichetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Marta Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Francesco Mina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Margherita Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Serena Carra
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Thomas Vaccari
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Virginia Kimonis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tyler R. Fortuna
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Udai B. Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria C. Gagliani
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Cellular Electron Microscopy Lab, University of Genoa, Genova
| | - Katia Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Cellular Electron Microscopy Lab, University of Genoa, Genova
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
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14
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Zhang J, Wen A, Chai W, Liang H, Tang C, Gan W, Xu R. Potential proteomic alteration in the brain of Tg(SOD1*G93A)1Gur mice: A new pathogenesis insight of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1378-1398. [PMID: 35801511 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains unclear. The recent studies have suggested that the protein abnormalities could play some important roles in ALS because several protein mutations were found in individuals with this disease. However, proteins that are currently known to be associated with ALS only explain the pathogenesis of this disease in a minority of cases, thus, further screening is needed to identify other ALS-related proteins. In this study, we systematically analyzed and compared the brain proteomic alterations between a mouse model of ALS, the Tg(SOD1*G93A)1Gur model, and wild-type mice using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) as well as bioinformatics methods. The results revealed some significant up- and downregulated proteins at the different developmental stages in the ALS-like mice as well as the possibly related cellular components, molecular functions, biological processes, and pathways in the development of ALS. Our results identified some possible proteins that participate in the pathogenesis of ALS as well as the cellular components that are damaged by these proteins, we additionally identified the molecular functions, the biological processes, and the pathways of these proteins as well as the molecules that are associated with these pathways. This study represents an important preliminary investigation of the role of proteomic abnormalities in the pathogenesis of ALS, both in human patients and other animal models. We present some novel findings that may serve as a basis for further investigation of abnormal proteins that are involved in the pathogenesis of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - An Wen
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen Chai
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiting Liang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunyan Tang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weiming Gan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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15
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George DE, Tepe JJ. Advances in Proteasome Enhancement by Small Molecules. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1789. [PMID: 34944433 PMCID: PMC8699248 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome system is a large and complex molecular machinery responsible for the degradation of misfolded, damaged, and redundant cellular proteins. When proteasome function is impaired, unwanted proteins accumulate, which can lead to several diseases including age-related and neurodegenerative diseases. Enhancing proteasome-mediated substrate degradation with small molecules may therefore be a valuable strategy for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. In this review, we discuss the structure of proteasome and how proteasome's proteolytic activity is associated with aging and various neurodegenerative diseases. We also summarize various classes of compounds that are capable of enhancing, directly or indirectly, proteasome-mediated protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jetze J. Tepe
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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16
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Bonifacino T, Zerbo RA, Balbi M, Torazza C, Frumento G, Fedele E, Bonanno G, Milanese M. Nearly 30 Years of Animal Models to Study Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Historical Overview and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212236. [PMID: 34830115 PMCID: PMC8619465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, multigenic, multifactorial, and non-cell autonomous neurodegenerative disease characterized by upper and lower motor neuron loss. Several genetic mutations lead to ALS development and many emerging gene mutations have been discovered in recent years. Over the decades since 1990, several animal models have been generated to study ALS pathology including both vertebrates and invertebrates such as yeast, worms, flies, zebrafish, mice, rats, guinea pigs, dogs, and non-human primates. Although these models show different peculiarities, they are all useful and complementary to dissect the pathological mechanisms at the basis of motor neuron degeneration and ALS progression, thus contributing to the development of new promising therapeutics. In this review, we describe the up to date and available ALS genetic animal models, classified by the different genetic mutations and divided per species, pointing out their features in modeling, the onset and progression of the pathology, as well as their specific pathological hallmarks. Moreover, we highlight similarities, differences, advantages, and limitations, aimed at helping the researcher to select the most appropriate experimental animal model, when designing a preclinical ALS study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Bonifacino
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.B.); (R.A.Z.); (M.B.); (C.T.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Arianna Zerbo
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.B.); (R.A.Z.); (M.B.); (C.T.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Matilde Balbi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.B.); (R.A.Z.); (M.B.); (C.T.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Carola Torazza
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.B.); (R.A.Z.); (M.B.); (C.T.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Giulia Frumento
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.B.); (R.A.Z.); (M.B.); (C.T.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Ernesto Fedele
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.B.); (R.A.Z.); (M.B.); (C.T.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.B.); (R.A.Z.); (M.B.); (C.T.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Milanese
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.B.); (R.A.Z.); (M.B.); (C.T.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Genoa, Italy
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17
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Wu S, Du L. Protein Aggregation in the Pathogenesis of Ischemic Stroke. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1183-1194. [PMID: 32529541 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite the distinction between ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative disorders, they share numerous pathophysiologies particularly those mediated by inflammation and oxidative stress. Although protein aggregation is considered to be a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, the formation of protein aggregates can be also induced within a short time after cerebral ischemia, aggravating cerebral ischemic injury. Protein aggregation uncovers a previously unappreciated molecular overlap between neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic stroke. Unfortunately, compared with neurodegenerative disease, mechanism of protein aggregation after cerebral ischemia and how this can be averted remain unclear. This review highlights current understanding on protein aggregation and its intrinsic role in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Longfei Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Cicardi ME, Marrone L, Azzouz M, Trotti D. Proteostatic imbalance and protein spreading in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106389. [PMID: 33792056 PMCID: PMC8126909 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder whose exact causative mechanisms are still under intense investigation. Several lines of evidence suggest that the anatomical and temporal propagation of pathological protein species along the neural axis could be among the main driving mechanisms for the fast and irreversible progression of ALS pathology. Many ALS-associated proteins form intracellular aggregates as a result of their intrinsic prion-like properties and/or following impairment of the protein quality control systems. During the disease course, these mutated proteins and aberrant peptides are released in the extracellular milieu as soluble or aggregated forms through a variety of mechanisms. Internalization by recipient cells may seed further aggregation and amplify existing proteostatic imbalances, thus triggering a vicious cycle that propagates pathology in vulnerable cells, such as motor neurons and other susceptible neuronal subtypes. Here, we provide an in-depth review of ALS pathology with a particular focus on the disease mechanisms of seeding and transmission of the most common ALS-associated proteins, including SOD1, FUS, TDP-43, and C9orf72-linked dipeptide repeats. For each of these proteins, we report historical, biochemical, and pathological evidence of their behaviors in ALS. We further discuss the possibility to harness pathological proteins as biomarkers and reflect on the implications of these findings for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Cicardi
- Department of NeuroscienceWeinberg ALS CenterVickie and Jack Farber Institute for NeuroscienceThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Lara Marrone
- Department of NeuroscienceSheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Mimoun Azzouz
- Department of NeuroscienceSheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Davide Trotti
- Department of NeuroscienceWeinberg ALS CenterVickie and Jack Farber Institute for NeuroscienceThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
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19
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Porras-Yakushi TR, Reitsma JM, Sweredoski MJ, Deshaies RJ, Hess S. In-depth proteomic analysis of proteasome inhibitors bortezomib, carfilzomib and MG132 reveals that mortality factor 4-like 1 (MORF4L1) protein ubiquitylation is negatively impacted. J Proteomics 2021; 241:104197. [PMID: 33848640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors are an important class of chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, we performed a large-scale ubiquitylome analysis of the three proteasome inhibitors MG132, bortezomib and carfilzomib. Although carfilzomib is currently being used for the treatment of multiple myeloma, it has not yet been subjected to a global ubiquitylome analysis. In this study, we identified more than 14,000 unique sites of ubiquitylation in more than 4400 protein groups. We introduced stringent criteria to determine the correct ubiquitylation site ratios and used five biological replicates to achieve increased statistical power. With the vast amount of data acquired, we made proteome-wide comparisons between the proteasome inhibitors and indicate candidate proteins that will benefit from further study. We find that in addition to the expected increase in ubiquitylation in the majority of proteins, unexpectedly a select few are specifically and significantly decreased in ubiquitylation at specific sites after treatment with proteasome inhibitors. We chose to follow-up on Mortality factor 4-like 1 (MORF4L1), which was significantly decreased in ubiquitylation at lysine 187 and lysine 104 upon proteasome inhibition, but increased in protein abundance by approximately two-fold. We demonstrate that the endogenous protein level of MORF4L1 is highly regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides a highly curated dataset of more than 14,000 unique sites of ubiquitylation in more than 4400 protein groups. For the proper quantification of ubiquitylation sites, we introduced a higher standard by quantifying only those ubiquitylation sites that are not flanked by neighboring ubiquitylation, thereby avoiding the report of incorrect ratios. The sites identified will serve to identify important targets of the ubiquitin proteasome system and aid to better understand the repertoire of proteins that are affected by inhibiting the proteasome with MG132, bortezomib, and carfilzomib. In addition, we investigated the unusual observation that ubiquitylation of the tumor suppressor Mortality factor 4-like (MORF4L1) protein decreases rather than increases upon proteasome inhibition, which may contribute to an additional anti-tumor effect of bortezomib and carfilzomib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya R Porras-Yakushi
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Justin M Reitsma
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Michael J Sweredoski
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Raymond J Deshaies
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Sonja Hess
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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20
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Piedade WP, Famulski JK. E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated regulation of vertebrate ocular development; new insights into the function of SIAH enzymes. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:327-340. [PMID: 33616626 PMCID: PMC7924998 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Developmental regulation of the vertebrate visual system has been a focus of investigation for generations as understanding this critical time period has direct implications on our understanding of congenital blinding disease. The majority of studies to date have focused on transcriptional regulation mediated by morphogen gradients and signaling pathways. However, recent studies of post translational regulation during ocular development have shed light on the role of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). This rather ubiquitous yet highly diverse system is well known for regulating protein function and localization as well as stability via targeting for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Work from many model organisms has recently identified UPS activity during various milestones of ocular development including retinal morphogenesis, retinal ganglion cell function as well as photoreceptor homeostasis. In particular work from flies and zebrafish has highlighted the role of the E3 ligase enzyme family, Seven in Absentia Homologue (Siah) during these events. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of UPS activity during Drosophila and vertebrate ocular development, with a major focus on recent findings correlating Siah E3 ligase activity with two major developmental stages of vertebrate ocular development, retinal morphogenesis and photoreceptor specification and survival.
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21
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Dangoumau A, Marouillat S, Coelho R, Wurmser F, Brulard C, Haouari S, Laumonnier F, Corcia P, Andres CR, Blasco H, Vourc’h P. Dysregulations of Expression of Genes of the Ubiquitin/SUMO Pathways in an In Vitro Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Combining Oxidative Stress and SOD1 Gene Mutation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041796. [PMID: 33670299 PMCID: PMC7918082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregates in affected motor neurons are a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the molecular pathways leading to their formation remain incompletely understood. Oxidative stress associated with age, the major risk factor in ALS, contributes to this neurodegeneration in ALS. We show that several genes coding for enzymes of the ubiquitin and small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) pathways exhibit altered expression in motor neuronal cells exposed to oxidative stress, such as the CCNF gene mutated in ALS patients. Eleven of these genes were further studied in conditions combining oxidative stress and the expression of an ALS related mutant of the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene. We observed a combined effect of these two environmental and genetic factors on the expression of genes, such as Uhrf2, Rbx1, Kdm2b, Ube2d2, Xaf1, and Senp1. Overall, we identified dysregulations in the expression of enzymes of the ubiquitin and SUMO pathways that may be of interest to better understand the pathophysiology of ALS and to protect motor neurons from oxidative stress and genetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Dangoumau
- UMR iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (A.D.); (S.M.); (R.C.); (F.W.); (S.H.); (F.L.); (P.C.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.)
| | - Sylviane Marouillat
- UMR iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (A.D.); (S.M.); (R.C.); (F.W.); (S.H.); (F.L.); (P.C.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.)
| | - Roxane Coelho
- UMR iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (A.D.); (S.M.); (R.C.); (F.W.); (S.H.); (F.L.); (P.C.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.)
| | - François Wurmser
- UMR iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (A.D.); (S.M.); (R.C.); (F.W.); (S.H.); (F.L.); (P.C.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.)
| | | | - Shanez Haouari
- UMR iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (A.D.); (S.M.); (R.C.); (F.W.); (S.H.); (F.L.); (P.C.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.)
| | - Frédéric Laumonnier
- UMR iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (A.D.); (S.M.); (R.C.); (F.W.); (S.H.); (F.L.); (P.C.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.)
| | - Philippe Corcia
- UMR iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (A.D.); (S.M.); (R.C.); (F.W.); (S.H.); (F.L.); (P.C.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.)
- Service de Neurologie, Centre de Référence sur la SLA, CHRU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Christian R. Andres
- UMR iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (A.D.); (S.M.); (R.C.); (F.W.); (S.H.); (F.L.); (P.C.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.)
- Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Hélène Blasco
- UMR iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (A.D.); (S.M.); (R.C.); (F.W.); (S.H.); (F.L.); (P.C.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.)
- Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Patrick Vourc’h
- UMR iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (A.D.); (S.M.); (R.C.); (F.W.); (S.H.); (F.L.); (P.C.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.)
- UTTIL, CHRU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
- Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-234-378-910
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22
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Andronesi OC, Nicholson K, Jafari-Khouzani K, Bogner W, Wang J, Chan J, Macklin EA, Levine-Weinberg M, Breen C, Schwarzschild MA, Cudkowicz M, Rosen BR, Paganoni S, Ratai EM. Imaging Neurochemistry and Brain Structure Tracks Clinical Decline and Mechanisms of ALS in Patients. Front Neurol 2020; 11:590573. [PMID: 33343494 PMCID: PMC7744722 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.590573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress and protein aggregation are key mechanisms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease. Reduced glutathione (GSH) is the most important intracellular antioxidant that protects neurons from reactive oxygen species. We hypothesized that levels of GSH measured by MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) in the motor cortex and corticospinal tract are linked to clinical trajectory of ALS patients. Objectives: Investigate the value of GSH imaging to probe clinical decline of ALS patients in combination with other neurochemical and structural parameters. Methods: Twenty-four ALS patients were imaged at 3 T with an advanced MR protocol. Mapping GSH levels in the brain is challenging, and for this purpose, we used an optimized spectral-edited 3D MRSI sequence with real-time motion and field correction to image glutathione and other brain metabolites. In addition, our imaging protocol included (i) an adiabatic T1ρ sequence to image macromolecular fraction of brain parenchyma, (ii) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for white matter tractography, and (iii) high-resolution anatomical imaging. Results: We found GSH in motor cortex (r = −0.431, p = 0.04) and corticospinal tract (r = −0.497, p = 0.016) inversely correlated with time between diagnosis and imaging. N-Acetyl-aspartate (NAA) in motor cortex inversely correlated (r = −0.416, p = 0.049), while mean water diffusivity (r = 0.437, p = 0.033) and T1ρ (r = 0.482, p = 0.019) positively correlated with disease progression measured by imputed change in revised ALS Functional Rating Scale. There is more decrease in the motor cortex than in the white matter for GSH compared to NAA, glutamate, and glutamine. Conclusions: Our study suggests that a panel of biochemical and structural imaging biomarkers defines a brain endophenotype, which can be used to time biological events and clinical progression in ALS patients. Such a quantitative brain endophenotype may stratify ALS patients into more homogeneous groups for therapeutic interventions compared to clinical criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu C Andronesi
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Katharine Nicholson
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kourosh Jafari-Khouzani
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - James Chan
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eric A Macklin
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark Levine-Weinberg
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christopher Breen
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Merit Cudkowicz
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bruce R Rosen
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sabrina Paganoni
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eva-Maria Ratai
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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23
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Lee S, Kwon Y, Kim S, Jo M, Jeon YM, Cheon M, Lee S, Kim SR, Kim K, Kim HJ. The Role of HDAC6 in TDP-43-Induced Neurotoxicity and UPS Impairment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:581942. [PMID: 33282865 PMCID: PMC7705063 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.581942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)-induced neurotoxicity is currently well recognized as a contributor to the pathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and the deposition of TDP-43 has been linked to other neurodegenerative diseases, such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent studies also suggest that TDP-43-induced neurotoxicity is associated with ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) impairment. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a well-known cytosolic deacetylase enzyme that suppresses the toxicity of UPS impairment. However, the role of HDAC6 in TDP-43-induced neurodegeneration is largely unknown. In this study, we found that HDAC6 overexpression decreased the levels of insoluble and cytosolic TDP-43 protein in TDP-43-overexpressing N2a cells. In addition, TDP-43 overexpression upregulated HDAC6 protein and mRNA levels, and knockdown of Hdac6 elevated the total protein level of TDP-43. We further found that HDAC6 modulates TDP-43-induced UPS impairment via the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP). We also showed that TDP-43 promoted a short lifespan in flies and that the accumulation of ubiquitin aggregates and climbing defects were significantly rescued by overexpression of HDAC6 in flies. Taken together, these findings suggest that HDAC6 overexpression can mitigate neuronal toxicity caused by TDP-43-induced UPS impairment, which may represent a novel therapeutic approach for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinrye Lee
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Younghwi Kwon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seyeon Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Myungjin Jo
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Jeon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Mookyung Cheon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seongsoo Lee
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kiyoung Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
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24
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Wang Q, Conlon EG, Manley JL, Rio DC. Widespread intron retention impairs protein homeostasis in C9orf72 ALS brains. Genome Res 2020; 30:1705-1715. [PMID: 33055097 PMCID: PMC7706729 DOI: 10.1101/gr.265298.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The GGGGCC hexanucleotide expansion in C9orf72 (C9) is the most frequent known cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), yet a clear understanding of how C9 fits into the broader context of ALS/FTD pathology has remained lacking. The repetitive RNA derived from the C9 repeat is known to sequester hnRNPH, a splicing regulator, into insoluble aggregates, resulting in aberrant alternative splicing. Furthermore, hnRNPH insolubility and altered splicing of a robust set of targets have been observed to correlate in C9 and sporadic ALS/FTD patients alike, suggesting that changes along this axis are a core feature of disease pathogenesis. Here, we characterize previously uncategorized RNA splicing defects involving widespread intron retention affecting almost 2000 transcripts in C9ALS/FTD brains exhibiting a high amount of sequestered, insoluble hnRNPH. These intron retention events appear not to alter overall expression levels of the affected transcripts but rather the protein-coding regions. These retained introns affect transcripts in multiple cellular pathways predicted to be involved in C9 as well as sporadic ALS/FTD etiology, including the proteasomal and autophagy systems. The retained intron pre-mRNAs display a number of characteristics, including enrichment of hnRNPH-bound splicing enhancer motifs and a propensity for G-quadruplex (G-Q) formation, linking the defective splicing directly to high amounts of sequestered hnRNPH. Together, our results reveal previously undetected splicing defects in high insoluble hnRNPH-associated C9ALS brains, suggesting a feedback between effective RNA-binding protein dosage and protein quality control in C9, and perhaps all, ALS/FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Erin G Conlon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - James L Manley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Donald C Rio
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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25
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Proteasome Subunits Involved in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Arch Med Res 2020; 52:1-14. [PMID: 32962866 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is the major pathway for the maintenance of protein homeostasis. Its inhibition causes accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins; this accumulation has been associated with several of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Several genetic factors have been identified for most neurodegenerative diseases, however, most cases are considered idiopathic, thus making the study of the mechanisms of protein accumulation a relevant field of research. It is often mentioned that the biggest risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases is aging, and several groups have reported an age-related alteration of the expression of some of the 26S proteasome subunits and a reduction of its activity. Proteasome subunits interact with proteins that are known to accumulate in neurodegenerative diseases such as α-synuclein in Parkinson's, tau in Alzheimer's, and huntingtin in Huntington's diseases. These interactions have been explored for several years, but only until recently, we are beginning to understand them. In this review, we discuss the known interactions, the underlying patterns, and the phenotypes associated with the 26S proteasome subunits in the etiology and progression of neurodegenerative diseases where there is evidence of proteasome involvement. Special emphasis is made in reviewing proteasome subunits that interact with proteins known to have an age-related altered expression or to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases to explore key effectors that may trigger or augment their progression. Interestingly, while the causes of age-related reduction of some of the proteasome subunits are not known, there are specific relationships between the observed neurodegenerative disease and the affected proteasome subunits.
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26
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The Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Neuromuscular Disorders: Moving Beyond Movement. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176429. [PMID: 32899400 PMCID: PMC7503226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) affect 1 in 3000 people worldwide. There are more than 150 different types of NMDs, where the common feature is the loss of muscle strength. These disorders are classified according to their neuroanatomical location, as motor neuron diseases, peripheral nerve diseases, neuromuscular junction diseases, and muscle diseases. Over the years, numerous studies have pointed to protein homeostasis as a crucial factor in the development of these fatal diseases. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a fundamental role in maintaining protein homeostasis, being involved in protein degradation, among other cellular functions. Through a cascade of enzymatic reactions, proteins are ubiquitinated, tagged, and translocated to the proteasome to be degraded. Within the ubiquitin system, we can find three main groups of enzymes: E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzymes), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes), and E3 (ubiquitin-protein ligases). Only the ubiquitinated proteins with specific chain linkages (such as K48) will be degraded by the UPS. In this review, we describe the relevance of this system in NMDs, summarizing the UPS proteins that have been involved in pathological conditions and neuromuscular disorders, such as Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), or Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), among others. A better knowledge of the processes involved in the maintenance of proteostasis may pave the way for future progress in neuromuscular disorder studies and treatments.
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27
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Foster AD, Downing P, Figredo E, Polain N, Stott A, Layfield R, Rea SL. ALS-associated TBK1 variant p.G175S is defective in phosphorylation of p62 and impacts TBK1-mediated signalling and TDP-43 autophagic degradation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 108:103539. [PMID: 32835772 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations affecting SQSTM1 coding for p62 and TANK-Binding Kinase 1 (TBK1) have been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). TBK1 is a serine-threonine kinase that regulates p62's activity as an autophagy receptor via phosphorylation and also has roles in neuroinflammatory signalling pathways. The mechanisms underlying ALS and FTLD pathogenesis as a result of TBK1 mutations are incompletely understood, however, loss of TBK1 function can lead to dysregulated autophagy and mitophagy. Here, we report that an ALS-associated TBK1 variant affecting the kinase domain, p.G175S, is defective in phosphorylation of p62 at Ser-403, a modification critical for regulating its ubiquitin-binding function, as well as downstream phosphorylation at Ser-349. Consistent with these findings, expression of p.G175S TBK1 was associated with decreased induction of autophagy compared to wild type and reduced degradation of the ALS-linked protein TDP-43. Expression of wild type TBK1 increased NF-κB signalling ~300 fold in comparison to empty vector cells, whereas p.G175S TBK1 was unable to promote NF-κB signalling above levels observed in empty vector transfected cells. We also noted a hitherto unknown role for TBK1 as a suppressor of oxidative stress (Nrf2) signalling and show that p.G175S TBK1 expressing cells lose this inhibitory function. Our data suggest that TBK1 ALS mutations may broadly impair p62-mediated cell signalling, which ultimately may reduce neuronal survival, in addition TDP-43 was not efficiently degraded, together these effects may contribute to TBK1 mutation associated ALS and FTLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Foster
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Health Research Building, Discovery Way, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - P Downing
- School of Health Sciences, Notre Dame University, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - E Figredo
- School of Health Sciences, Notre Dame University, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - N Polain
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Health Research Building, Discovery Way, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - A Stott
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R Layfield
- School of Health Sciences, Notre Dame University, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - S L Rea
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Health Research Building, Discovery Way, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
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28
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Michalska P, León R. When It Comes to an End: Oxidative Stress Crosstalk with Protein Aggregation and Neuroinflammation Induce Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080740. [PMID: 32806679 PMCID: PMC7463521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a progressive loss of neurons in the brain or spinal cord that leads to a loss of function of the affected areas. The lack of effective treatments and the ever-increasing life expectancy is raising the number of individuals affected, having a tremendous social and economic impact. The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage given the high energy demand, low levels of antioxidant defenses, and high levels of metal ions. Driven by age-related changes, neurodegeneration is characterized by increased oxidative stress leading to irreversible neuronal damage, followed by cell death. Nevertheless, neurodegenerative diseases are known as complex pathologies where several mechanisms drive neuronal death. Herein we discuss the interplay among oxidative stress, proteinopathy, and neuroinflammation at the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we discuss the use of the Nrf2-ARE pathway as a potential therapeutic strategy based on these molecular mechanisms to develop transformative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Michalska
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (R.L.); Tel.: +34-91-497-27-66 (P.M. & R.L.)
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (R.L.); Tel.: +34-91-497-27-66 (P.M. & R.L.)
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29
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Cristofani R, Crippa V, Cicardi ME, Tedesco B, Ferrari V, Chierichetti M, Casarotto E, Piccolella M, Messi E, Galbiati M, Rusmini P, Poletti A. A Crucial Role for the Protein Quality Control System in Motor Neuron Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:191. [PMID: 32792938 PMCID: PMC7385251 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are fatal diseases characterized by loss of motor neurons in the brain cortex, in the bulbar region, and/or in the anterior horns of the spinal cord. While generally sporadic, inherited forms linked to mutant genes encoding altered RNA/protein products have also been described. Several different mechanisms have been found altered or dysfunctional in MNDs, like the protein quality control (PQC) system. In this review, we will discuss how the PQC system is affected in two MNDs—spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)—and how this affects the clearance of aberrantly folded proteins, which accumulate in motor neurons, inducing dysfunctions and their death. In addition, we will discuss how the PQC system can be targeted to restore proper cell function, enhancing the survival of affected cells in MNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cristofani
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Cicardi
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Barbara Tedesco
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrari
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Chierichetti
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Piccolella
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Messi
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEND), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Momtaz S, Memariani Z, El-Senduny FF, Sanadgol N, Golab F, Katebi M, Abdolghaffari AH, Farzaei MH, Abdollahi M. Targeting Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway by Natural Products: Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:361. [PMID: 32411012 PMCID: PMC7199656 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolded proteins are the main common feature of neurodegenerative diseases, thereby, normal proteostasis is an important mechanism to regulate the neural survival and the central nervous system functionality. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a non-lysosomal proteolytic pathway involved in numerous normal functions of the nervous system, modulation of neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, and recycling of membrane receptors or degradation of damaged and regulatory intracellular proteins. Aberrant accumulation of intracellular ubiquitin-positive inclusions has been implicated to a variety of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington disease (HD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Multiple Myeloma (MM). Genetic mutation in deubiquitinating enzyme could disrupt UPS and results in destructive effects on neuron survival. To date, various agents were characterized with proteasome-inhibitory potential. Proteins of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and in particular, E3 ubiquitin ligases, may be promising molecular targets for neurodegenerative drug discovery. Phytochemicals, specifically polyphenols (PPs), were reported to act as proteasome-inhibitors or may modulate the proteasome activity. PPs modify the UPS by means of accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, suppression of neuronal apoptosis, reduction of neurotoxicity, and improvement of synaptic plasticity and transmission. This is the first comprehensive review on the effect of PPs on UPS. Here, we review the recent findings describing various aspects of UPS dysregulation in neurodegenerative disorders. This review attempts to summarize the latest reports on the neuroprotective properties involved in the proper functioning of natural polyphenolic compounds with implication for targeting ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in the neurodegenerative diseases. We highlight the evidence suggesting that polyphenolic compounds have a dose and disorder dependent effects in improving neurological dysfunctions, and so their mechanism of action could stimulate the UPS, induce the protein degradation or inhibit UPS and reduce protein degradation. Future studies should focus on molecular mechanisms by which PPs can interfere this complex regulatory system at specific stages of the disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Memariani
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.,Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fereshteh Golab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Katebi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Vegeto E, Villa A, Della Torre S, Crippa V, Rusmini P, Cristofani R, Galbiati M, Maggi A, Poletti A. The Role of Sex and Sex Hormones in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5572525. [PMID: 31544208 PMCID: PMC7156855 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a wide class of disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) with unknown etiology. Several factors were hypothesized to be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases, including genetic and environmental factors. Many of these diseases show a sex prevalence and sex steroids were shown to have a role in the progression of specific forms of neurodegeneration. Estrogens were reported to be neuroprotective through their action on cognate nuclear and membrane receptors, while adverse effects of male hormones have been described on neuronal cells, although some data also suggest neuroprotective activities. The response of the CNS to sex steroids is a complex and integrated process that depends on (i) the type and amount of the cognate steroid receptor and (ii) the target cell type-either neurons, glia, or microglia. Moreover, the levels of sex steroids in the CNS fluctuate due to gonadal activities and to local metabolism and synthesis. Importantly, biochemical processes involved in the pathogenesis of NDs are increasingly being recognized as different between the two sexes and as influenced by sex steroids. The aim of this review is to present current state-of-the-art understanding on the potential role of sex steroids and their receptors on the onset and progression of major neurodegenerative disorders, namely, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the peculiar motoneuron disease spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, in which hormonal therapy is potentially useful as disease modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Vegeto
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche (DiSFarm), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Villa
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute (DiSS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Della Torre
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche (DiSFarm), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Eccellenza di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Eccellenza di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cristofani
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Eccellenza di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Eccellenza di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Adriana Maggi
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche (DiSFarm), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Eccellenza di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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Foster AD, Rea SL. The role of sequestosome 1/p62 protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia pathogenesis. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2186-2194. [PMID: 32594029 PMCID: PMC7749485 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.284977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration are multifaceted diseases with genotypic, pathological and clinical overlap. One such overlap is the presence of SQSTM1/p62 mutations. While traditionally mutations manifesting in the ubiquitin-associated domain of p62 were associated with Paget’s disease of bone, mutations affecting all functional domains of p62 have now been identified in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration patients. p62 is a multifunctional protein that facilitates protein degradation through autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and also regulates cell survival via the Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway, the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway and apoptosis. Dysfunction in these signaling and protein degradation pathways have been observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and mutations that affect the role of p62 in these pathways may contribute to disease pathogenesis. In this review we discuss the role of p62 in these pathways, the effects of p62 mutations and the effect of mutations in the p62 modulator TANK-binding kinase 1, in relation to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal lobar degeneration pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Delice Foster
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Lyn Rea
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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Lee S, Jeon YM, Cha SJ, Kim S, Kwon Y, Jo M, Jang YN, Lee S, Kim J, Kim SR, Lee KJ, Lee SB, Kim K, Kim HJ. PTK2/FAK regulates UPS impairment via SQSTM1/p62 phosphorylation in TARDBP/TDP-43 proteinopathies. Autophagy 2019; 16:1396-1412. [PMID: 31690171 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1686729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TARDBP/TDP-43 (TAR DNA binding protein) proteinopathies are a common feature in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying TARDBP-induced neurotoxicity are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that TARDBP proteinopathies induce impairment in the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), as evidenced by an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and a reduction in proteasome activity in neuronal cells. Through kinase inhibitor screening, we identified PTK2/FAK (PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2) as a suppressor of neurotoxicity induced by UPS impairment. Importantly, PTK2 inhibition significantly reduced ubiquitin aggregates and attenuated TARDBP-induced cytotoxicity in a Drosophila model of TARDBP proteinopathies. We further identified that phosphorylation of SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) at S403 (p-SQSTM1 [S403]), a key component in the autophagic degradation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins, is increased upon TARDBP overexpression and is dependent on the activation of PTK2 in neuronal cells. Moreover, expressing a non-phosphorylated form of SQSTM1 (SQSTM1S403A) significantly repressed the accumulation of insoluble poly-ubiquitinated proteins and neurotoxicity induced by TARDBP overexpression in neuronal cells. In addition, TBK1 (TANK binding kinase 1), a kinase that phosphorylates S403 of SQSTM1, was found to be involved in the PTK2-mediated phosphorylation of SQSTM1. Taken together, our data suggest that the PTK2-TBK1-SQSTM1 axis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of TARDBP by regulating neurotoxicity induced by UPS impairment. Therefore, targeting the PTK2-TBK1-SQSTM1 axis may represent a novel therapeutic intervention for neurodegenerative diseases with TARDBP proteinopathies.Abbreviations: ALP: macroautophagy/autophagy lysosomal pathway; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ATXN2: ataxin 2; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; cCASP3: cleaved caspase 3; CSNK2: casein kinase 2; FTLD: frontotemporal lobar degeneration; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; OPTN: optineurin; PTK2/FAK: PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TARDBP/TDP-43: TAR DNA binding protein; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; UPS: ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinrye Lee
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) , Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Jeon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) , Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sun Joo Cha
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Seyeon Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) , Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST , Daegu, South Korea
| | - Younghwi Kwon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) , Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST , Daegu, South Korea
| | - Myungjin Jo
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) , Daegu, South Korea
| | - You-Na Jang
- Neural circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) , Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seongsoo Lee
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) , Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jaekwang Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) , Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, South Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kea Joo Lee
- Neural circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) , Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST , Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kiyoung Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University , Asan, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) , Daegu, South Korea
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Arosio A, Cristofani R, Pansarasa O, Crippa V, Riva C, Sirtori R, Rodriguez-Menendez V, Riva N, Gerardi F, Lunetta C, Cereda C, Poletti A, Ferrarese C, Tremolizzo L, Sala G. HSC70 expression is reduced in lymphomonocytes of sporadic ALS patients and contributes to TDP-43 accumulation. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2019; 21:51-62. [PMID: 31663379 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2019.1672749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The demonstration that chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) contributes to the degradation of TDP-43, the main constituent of cytoplasmic inclusions typically found in motor neurons of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS), has pointed out a possible involvement of CMA in aggregate formation. To explore this possibility, in this study, we verified the presence of a possible systemic CMA alteration in sALS patients and its effect on TDP-43 expression. Materials and methods: Gene and protein expression of the cytosolic chaperone HSC70 and the lysosome receptor LAMP2A, the two pivotal mediators of CMA, was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from 30 sALS patients and 30 healthy controls. The expression of TDP-43 and co-chaperones BAG1 and BAG3 was also analyzed. Results: We found reduced HSC70 expression in patient cells, with no change in LAMP2A, and increased insoluble TDP-43 protein levels, with an aberrant intracellular localization. We also observed an unbalanced expression of co-chaperones BAG1 and BAG3. HSC70 down-regulation was confirmed in immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from sporadic and TARDBP mutant ALS patients. Lastly, we demonstrated that HSC70 silencing directly increases TDP-43 protein levels in human neuroblastoma cells. Discussion: Our results do not support the existence of a systemic CMA alteration in sALS patients but indicate a direct involvement of HSC70 alterations in ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Arosio
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cristofani
- Dip. di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Dip. di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Riva
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sirtori
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Virginia Rodriguez-Menendez
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Nilo Riva
- Neuropathology Unit and Dept. of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Gerardi
- NEuroMuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milano, Italy, and
| | - Christian Lunetta
- NEuroMuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milano, Italy, and
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dip. di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Department of Neurology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Department of Neurology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Gessica Sala
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Histamine Is an Inducer of the Heat Shock Response in SOD1-G93A Models of ALS. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153793. [PMID: 31382568 PMCID: PMC6696457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial non-cell autonomous disease where activation of microglia and astrocytes largely contributes to motor neurons death. Heat shock proteins have been demonstrated to promote neuronal survival and exert a strong anti-inflammatory action in glia. Having previously shown that the pharmacological increase of the histamine content in the central nervous system (CNS) of SOD1-G93A mice decreases neuroinflammation, reduces motor neuron death, and increases mice life span, here we examined whether this effect could be mediated by an enhancement of the heat shock response. (2) Methods: Heat shock protein expression was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Histamine was provided to primary microglia and NSC-34 motor neurons expressing the SOD1-G93A mutation. The brain permeable histamine precursor histidine was chronically administered to symptomatic SOD1-G93A mice. Spine density was measured by Golgi-staining in motor cortex of histidine-treated SOD1-G93A mice. (3) Results: We demonstrate that histamine activates the heat shock response in cultured SOD1-G93A microglia and motor neurons. In SOD1-G93A mice, histidine augments the protein content of GRP78 and Hsp70 in spinal cord and cortex, where the treatment also rescues type I motor neuron dendritic spine loss. (4) Conclusion: Besides the established histaminergic neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, the induction of the heat shock response in the SOD1-G93A model by histamine confirms the importance of this pathway in the search for successful therapeutic solutions to treat ALS.
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Signal Exchange through Extracellular Vesicles in Neuromuscular Junction Establishment and Maintenance: From Physiology to Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112804. [PMID: 31181747 PMCID: PMC6600513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation involves morphological changes both in motor terminals and muscle membrane. The molecular mechanisms leading to NMJ formation and maintenance have not yet been fully elucidated. During the last decade, it has become clear that virtually all cells release different types of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can be taken up by nearby or distant cells modulating their activity. Initially, EVs were associated to a mechanism involved in the elimination of unwanted material; subsequent evidence demonstrated that exosomes, and more in general EVs, play a key role in intercellular communication by transferring proteins, lipids, DNA and RNA to target cells. Recently, EVs have emerged as potent carriers for Wnt, bone morphogenetic protein, miRNA secretion and extracellular traveling. Convincing evidence demonstrates that presynaptic terminals release exosomes that are taken up by muscle cells, and these exosomes can modulate synaptic plasticity in the recipient muscle cell in vivo. Furthermore, recent data highlighted that EVs could also be a potential cause of neurodegenerative disorders. Indeed, mutant SOD1, TDP-43 and FUS/TLS can be secreted by neural cells packaged into EVs and enter in neighboring neural cells, contributing to the onset and severity of the disease.
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37
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β-catenin aggregation in models of ALS motor neurons: GSK3β inhibition effect and neuronal differentiation. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104497. [PMID: 31176720 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron death. A 20% of familial ALS cases are associated with mutations in the gene coding for superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). The accumulation of abnormal aggregates of different proteins is a common feature in motor neurons of patients and transgenic ALS mice models, which are thought to contribute to disease pathogenesis. Developmental morphogens, such as the Wnt family, regulate numerous features of neuronal physiology in the adult brain and have been implicated in neurodegeneration. β-catenin is a central mediator of both, Wnt signaling activity and cell-cell interactions. We previously reported that the expression of mutant SOD1 in the NSC34 motor neuron cell line decreases basal Wnt pathway activity, which correlates with cytosolic β-catenin accumulation and impaired neuronal differentiation. In this work, we aimed a deeper characterization of β-catenin distribution in models of ALS motor neurons. We observed extensive accumulation of β-catenin supramolecular structures in motor neuron somas of pre-symptomatic mutant SOD1 mice. In cell-cell appositional zones of NSC34 cells expressing mutant SOD1, β-catenin displays a reduced co-distribution with E-cadherin accompanied by an increased association with the gap junction protein Connexin-43; these findings correlate with impaired intercellular adhesion and exacerbated cell coupling. Remarkably, pharmacological inhibition of the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) in both NSC34 cell lines reverted both, β-catenin aggregation and the adverse effects of mutant SOD1 expression on neuronal differentiation. Our findings suggest that early defects in β-catenin distribution could be an underlying factor affecting the onset of neurodegeneration in familial ALS.
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38
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Jo M, Lee S, Kim K, Lee S, Kim SR, Kim HJ. Inhibition of MEK5 suppresses TDP-43 toxicity via the mTOR-independent activation of the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:925-932. [PMID: 31005259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The most prominent hallmarks of many neurodegenerative diseases are the accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates and the death of certain neuronal populations. Autophagy is the major intracellular mechanism that degrades protein aggregates and damaged cellular components. Many studies have reported that the dysfunction of autophagy is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson's disease. Here, we identified a novel mechanism of autophagy regulation. Inhibition of MEK5 reduced the level of p62 and increased the ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I, which is a marker for the activation of the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP). One of the most well-known regulators of the ALP is mTOR, and previous studies have reported that the major substrate of MEK5 is ERK5. However, we found that MEK5 modulates the autophagy-lysosome pathway in an mTOR- and ERK5-independent manner. Moreover, MEK5 inhibition alleviated the mislocalization of TDP-43 (an ALS-associated protein) and cell death in TDP-43-GFP-expressing neuronal cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that MEK5 is a novel autophagy modulator and that this kinase could be a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungjin Jo
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Department of Neural Development and Disease, 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinrye Lee
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Department of Neural Development and Disease, 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoung Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, South Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, South Korea
| | - Seongsoo Lee
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Department of Neural Development and Disease, 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
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Haukedal H, Freude K. Implications of Microglia in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1818-1829. [PMID: 30763568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are neurodegenerative disorders with clear similarities regarding their clinical, genetic and pathological features. Both are progressive, lethal disorders, with no current curative treatment available. Several genes that correlated with ALS and FTD are implicated in the same molecular pathways. Strikingly, many of these genes are not exclusively expressed in neurons, but also in glial cells, suggesting a multicellular pathogenesis. Moreover, chronic inflammation is a common feature observed in ALS and FTD, indicating an essential role of microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, in disease development and progression. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the implications of microglia in ALS and FTD. Specifically, we will focus on the role of impaired phagocytosis and increased inflammatory responses and their impact on microglial function. Several genes associated with the disorders can directly be linked to microglial activation, phagocytosis and neuroinflammation. Other genes associated with the disorders are implicated in biological pathways involved in protein degradation and autophagy. In general such mutations have been shown to cause abnormal protein accumulation and impaired autophagy. These impairments have previously been linked to affect the innate immune system in the central nervous system through inappropriate activation of microglia and neuroinflammation, highlighted in this review. Although it has been well established that microglia play essential roles in neurodegenerative disorders, the precise underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Haukedal
- Group of Stem Cells and Modeling of Neurodegeneration, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 7, 1870C, Denmark
| | - Kristine Freude
- Group of Stem Cells and Modeling of Neurodegeneration, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 7, 1870C, Denmark.
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Riancho J, Gonzalo I, Ruiz-Soto M, Berciano J. Why do motor neurons degenerate? Actualisation in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Riancho J, Gonzalo I, Ruiz-Soto M, Berciano J. ¿Por qué degeneran las motoneuronas? Actualización en la patogenia de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica. Neurologia 2019; 34:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Motor neuron degeneration, severe myopathy and TDP-43 increase in a transgenic pig model of SOD1-linked familiar ALS. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 124:263-275. [PMID: 30471417 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neural disorder gradually leading to paralysis of the whole body. Alterations in superoxide dismutase SOD1 gene have been linked with several variants of familial ALS. Here, we investigated a transgenic (Tg) cloned swine model expressing the human pathological hSOD1G93A allele. As in patients, these Tg pigs transmitted the disease to the progeny with an autosomal dominant trait and showed ALS onset from about 27 months of age. Post mortem analysis revealed motor neuron (MN) degeneration, gliosis and hSOD1 protein aggregates in brainstem and spinal cord. Severe skeletal muscle pathology including necrosis and inflammation was observed at the end stage, as well. Remarkably, as in human patients, these Tg pigs showed a quite long presymptomatic phase in which gradually increasing amounts of TDP-43 were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Thus, this transgenic swine model opens the unique opportunity to investigate ALS biomarkers even before disease onset other than testing novel drugs and possible medical devices.
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Sun X, Song J, Huang H, Chen H, Qian K. Modeling hallmark pathology using motor neurons derived from the family and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient-specific iPS cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:315. [PMID: 30442180 PMCID: PMC6238404 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) represents a devastating, progressive, heterogeneous, and the most common motor neuron (MN) disease. To date, no cure has been available for the condition. Studies with transgenic mice have yielded significant results that help us understand the underlying mechanisms of ALS. Nonetheless, none of more than 30 large clinical trials over the past 20 years proved successful, which led some researchers to challenge the validity of the preclinical models. Methods Human-induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs) were established by introducing Sendai virus into fibroblast cells. We established TDP-43 HES by inserting CAG-TDP43 (G298S) cassette or the CAG-EGFP cassette into PPP1R12C-locus of human embryonic stem cells (ESC, H9) by TALEN-mediated homologous recombination. iPSCs or HESC were differentiated to motor neurons and non-motor neuron as control. Relevant biomarkers were detected in different differentiated stages. TDP-43 aggregates, neurofilament, and mitochondria analyses were performed. Results In this study, using iPSCs-derived human MN from an ALS patient with a TDP43 G298S mutation and two sporadic ALS patients, we showed that both sporadic and familial ALS were characterized by TDP-43 aggregates in the surviving MN. Significantly higher neurofilament (NF) inclusion was also found in ALS MN compared with wild-type (WT) GM15 controls (P < 0.05). The neurite mitochondria density was significantly lower in ALS MN than that in the control MNs. Transgenesis of TDP-43 G298S into AAVS locus in human embryonic stem cells reproduced phenotype of patient-derived G289S MN. By challenging MNs with a proteasome inhibitor, we found that MNs were more vulnerable to MG132, with some accompanying phenotype changes, such as TDP43 translocation, NF inclusion, mitochondria distribution impairment, and activation of caspase3. Conclusions Our results suggested that changes in TDP43 protein, NF inclusion, and distribution impairment of mitochondria are common early pathology both in familial and sporadic ALS. These findings will help us gain insight into the pathogenesis of the condition and screen relevant drugs for the disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1048-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jianyuan Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Kun Qian
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Picher-Martel V, Renaud L, Bareil C, Julien JP. Neuronal Expression of UBQLN2 P497H Exacerbates TDP-43 Pathology in TDP-43 G348C Mice through Interaction with Ubiquitin. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4680-4696. [PMID: 30377984 PMCID: PMC6647471 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding ubiquilin-2 (UBQLN2) are linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). UBQLN2 plays a central role in ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and UBQLN2 up-regulation exacerbates TDP-43 cytoplasmic aggregates. To analyze interaction between UBQLN2 and TDP-43 and to produce a relevant ALS animal model, we have generated a new transgenic mouse expressing UBQLN2P497H under the neurofilament heavy (NFH) gene promoter. The UBQLN2P497H mice were then bred with our previously described TDP-43G348C mice to generate double-transgenic UBQLN2P497H; TDP-43G348C mice. With low-expression levels of UBQLN2, the double-transgenic mice developed TDP-43 cytosolic accumulations in motor neurons starting at 5 months of age. These double-transgenic mice exhibited motor neuron loss, muscle atrophy, as well as motor and cognitive deficits during aging. The microglia from double-transgenic mice were hyperresponsive to intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In vivo and in vitro analyses suggested that extra UBQLN2 proteins can exacerbate cytoplasmic TDP-43 accumulations by competing with the UPS for binding to ubiquitin. Thus, increasing the pool of ubiquitin promoted the UPS function with ensuing reduction of TDP-43 cytosolic accumulations. In conclusion, the double-transgenic UBQLN2P497H; TDP-43G348C mice provides a unique mouse model of ALS/FTD with enhanced TDP-43 pathology that can be exploited for drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Picher-Martel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Laurence Renaud
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Christine Bareil
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Julien
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. .,CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada.
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Shang H, Zhou A, Jiang J, Liu Y, Xie J, Li S, Chen Y, Zhu X, Tan H, Li J. Inhibition of the fibrillation of highly amyloidogenic human calcitonin by cucurbit[7]uril with improved bioactivity. Acta Biomater 2018; 78:178-188. [PMID: 30076991 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein/peptide fibrillation is an important challenge for biotechnological drug development. Salmon calcitonin (sCT) is currently used in the clinical treatment of bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis and hypercalcemia, but it still has the risk of immune responses. Although human calcitonin (hCT) would be a better choice in terms of immunogenicity, it has a strong tendency to irreversibly aggregate in aqueous solutions and form long amyloid fibrils, which significantly reduces its bioavailability and therapeutic potency. Here, we demonstrate that cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) can inhibit hCT fibrillation by supramolecular interaction with its aromatic groups (affinity: Phe16 > Tyr12 > Phe19 > Phe22). The hCT-CB[7] complex exhibits low cytotoxicity, even promotes osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic capacity of MC3T3 cells. Meanwhile the hCT-CB[7] complexes shows higher bioactivity compared to hCT in reducing blood calcium levels in rats, and also decreases the immunogenicity of hCT. These results suggest that CB[7] has the potential to improve the therapeutic potency of amyloidogenic protein/peptide drugs such as hCT.
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46
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Nardo G, Trolese MC, Verderio M, Mariani A, de Paola M, Riva N, Dina G, Panini N, Erba E, Quattrini A, Bendotti C. Counteracting roles of MHCI and CD8 + T cells in the peripheral and central nervous system of ALS SOD1 G93A mice. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:42. [PMID: 30092791 PMCID: PMC6085701 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major histocompatibility complex I (MHCI) is a key molecule for the interaction of mononucleated cells with CD8+T lymphocytes. We previously showed that MHCI is upregulated in the spinal cord microglia and motor axons of transgenic SOD1G93A mice. METHODS To assess the role of MHCI in the disease, we examined transgenic SOD1G93A mice crossbred with β2 microglobulin-deficient mice, which express little if any MHCI on the cell surface and are defective for CD8+ T cells. RESULTS The lack of MHCI and CD8+ T cells in the sciatic nerve affects the motor axon stability, anticipating the muscle atrophy and the disease onset. In contrast, MHCI depletion in resident microglia and the lack of CD8+ T cell infiltration in the spinal cord protect the cervical motor neurons delaying the paralysis of forelimbs and prolonging the survival of SOD1G93A mice. CONCLUSIONS We provided straightforward evidence for a dual role of MHCI in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) compared to the CNS, pointing out regional and temporal differences in the clinical responses of ALS mice. These findings offer a possible explanation for the failure of systemic immunomodulatory treatments and suggest new potential strategies to prevent the progression of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Nardo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Chiara Trolese
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Verderio
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mariani
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano de Paola
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Nilo Riva
- Neuropathology Unit, Department of Neurology, INSPE- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Dibit II, Via Olgettina 48, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Dina
- Neuropathology Unit, Department of Neurology, INSPE- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Dibit II, Via Olgettina 48, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Panini
- Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology Department of Oncology, Flow Cytometry Unit, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Erba
- Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology Department of Oncology, Flow Cytometry Unit, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Neuropathology Unit, Department of Neurology, INSPE- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Dibit II, Via Olgettina 48, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Bendotti
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
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Kassa RM, Bonafede R, Boschi F, Malatesta M, Mariotti R. The role of mutated SOD1 gene in synaptic stripping and MHC class I expression following nerve axotomy in ALS murine model. Eur J Histochem 2018; 62:2904. [PMID: 29943955 PMCID: PMC5966710 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2018.2904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motoneuron death. Several cellular pathways have been described to be involved in ALS pathogenesis; however, the involvement of presynaptic stripping and the related MHC class I molecules in mutant SOD1 motoneurons remains to be clarified. To this purpose, we here investigated, for the first time, the motoneurons behavior, di per se and after facial axonal injury, in terms of synaptic stripping and MHC class I expression in wild-type (Wt) mice and in a murine model of ALS, the SOD1(G93A) mice, at the presymptomatic and symptomatic stage of the disease. Concerning Wt animals, we found a reduction in synaptophysin immunoreactivity and an increase of MHC class I molecules in facial motoneurons after axotomy. In uninjured motoneurons of SOD1(G93A) mice, an altered presynaptic framework was evident, and this phenomenon increased during the disease course. The alteration in the presynaptic input is related to excitatory fibers. Moreover, after injury, a further decrease of excitatory input was not associated to an upregulation of MHC class I molecules in motoneuron soma. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the presence of mutated SOD1 protein affects the MHC class I molecules expression, altering the presynaptic input in motoneurons. Nevertheless, a positive MHC class I immunolabeling was evident in glial cells around facial injured motoneurons, underlying an involvement of these cells in synaptic stripping. This study contributes to better understand the involvement of the mutated SOD1 protein in the vulnerability of motoneurons after damage.
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Cristofani R, Crippa V, Rusmini P, Cicardi ME, Meroni M, Licata NV, Sala G, Giorgetti E, Grunseich C, Galbiati M, Piccolella M, Messi E, Ferrarese C, Carra S, Poletti A. Inhibition of retrograde transport modulates misfolded protein accumulation and clearance in motoneuron diseases. Autophagy 2018; 13:1280-1303. [PMID: 28402699 PMCID: PMC5584856 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1308985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Motoneuron diseases, like spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are associated with proteins that because of gene mutation or peculiar structures, acquire aberrant (misfolded) conformations toxic to cells. To prevent misfolded protein toxicity, cells activate a protein quality control (PQC) system composed of chaperones and degradative pathways (proteasome and autophagy). Inefficient activation of the PQC system results in misfolded protein accumulation that ultimately leads to neuronal cell death, while efficient macroautophagy/autophagy-mediated degradation of aggregating proteins is beneficial. The latter relies on an active retrograde transport, mediated by dynein and specific chaperones, such as the HSPB8-BAG3-HSPA8 complex. Here, using cellular models expressing aggregate-prone proteins involved in SBMA and ALS, we demonstrate that inhibition of dynein-mediated retrograde transport, which impairs the targeting to autophagy of misfolded species, does not increase their aggregation. Rather, dynein inhibition correlates with a reduced accumulation and an increased clearance of mutant ARpolyQ, SOD1, truncated TARDBP/TDP-43 and expanded polyGP C9ORF72 products. The enhanced misfolded protein clearance is mediated by the proteasome, rather than by autophagy and correlates with the upregulation of the HSPA8 cochaperone BAG1. In line, overexpression of BAG1 increases the proteasome-mediated clearance of these misfolded proteins. Our data suggest that when the misfolded proteins cannot be efficiently transported toward the perinuclear region of the cells, where they are either degraded by autophagy or stored into the aggresome, the cells activate a compensatory mechanism that relies on the induction of BAG1 to target the HSPA8-bound cargo to the proteasome in a dynein-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cristofani
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Valeria Crippa
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy.,b Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CRND) , IRCCS "C. Mondino" Istituto Nazionale Neurologico , Pavia , Italy
| | - Paola Rusmini
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Maria Elena Cicardi
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Marco Meroni
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Nausicaa V Licata
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Gessica Sala
- c School of Medicine and Surgery, NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience , University of Milano-Bicocca , Italy
| | - Elisa Giorgetti
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Christopher Grunseich
- d Neurogenetics Branch , National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Margherita Piccolella
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Elio Messi
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- c School of Medicine and Surgery, NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience , University of Milano-Bicocca , Italy
| | - Serena Carra
- e Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze , Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Centro di Neuroscienze e Neurotecnologie , Modena , Italy
| | - Angelo Poletti
- a Sezione di Biomedicina ed Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy.,f Centro InterUniversitario sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Roma Tor Vergata and Milano. Genova , Italy
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Medinas DB, Valenzuela V, Hetz C. Proteostasis disturbance in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:R91-R104. [PMID: 28977445 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting motoneurons in the brain and spinal cord leading to paralysis and death. Although the etiology of ALS remains poorly understood, abnormal protein aggregation and altered proteostasis are common features of sporadic and familial ALS forms. The proteostasis network is decomposed into different modules highly conserved across species and comprehends a collection of mechanisms related to protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, secretion and degradation that is distributed in different compartments inside the cell. Functional studies in various ALS models are revealing a complex scenario where distinct and even opposite effects in disease progression are observed depending on the targeted component of the proteostasis network. Importantly, alteration of the folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is becoming a common pathological alteration in ALS, representing one of the earliest defects observed in disease models, contributing to denervation and motoneuron dysfunction. Strategies to target-specific components of the proteostasis network using small molecules and gene therapy are under development, and promise interesting avenues for future interventions to delay or stop ALS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo B Medinas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Valenzuela
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Chen H, Kankel MW, Su SC, Han SWS, Ofengeim D. Exploring the genetics and non-cell autonomous mechanisms underlying ALS/FTLD. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:648-662. [PMID: 29459769 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, was first described in 1874, a flurry of genetic discoveries in the last 10 years has markedly increased our understanding of this disease. These findings have not only enhanced our knowledge of mechanisms leading to ALS, but also have revealed that ALS shares many genetic causes with another neurodegenerative disease, frontotemporal lobar dementia (FTLD). In this review, we survey how recent genetic studies have bridged our mechanistic understanding of these two related diseases and how the genetics behind ALS and FTLD point to complex disorders, implicating non-neuronal cell types in disease pathophysiology. The involvement of non-neuronal cell types is consistent with a non-cell autonomous component in these diseases. This is further supported by studies that identified a critical role of immune-associated genes within ALS/FTLD and other neurodegenerative disorders. The molecular functions of these genes support an emerging concept that various non-autonomous functions are involved in neurodegeneration. Further insights into such a mechanism(s) will ultimately lead to a better understanding of potential routes of therapeutic intervention. Facts ALS and FTLD are severe neurodegenerative disorders on the same disease spectrum. Multiple cellular processes including dysregulation of RNA homeostasis, imbalance of proteostasis, contribute to ALS/FTLD pathogenesis. Aberrant function in non-neuronal cell types, including microglia, contributes to ALS/FTLD. Strong neuroimmune and neuroinflammatory components are associated with ALS/FTLD patients. Open Questions Why can patients with similar mutations have different disease manifestations, i.e., why do C9ORF72 mutations lead to motor neuron loss in some patients while others exhibit loss of neurons in the frontotemporal lobe? Do ALS causal mutations result in microglial dysfunction and contribute to ALS/FTLD pathology? How do microglia normally act to mitigate neurodegeneration in ALS/FTLD? To what extent do cellular signaling pathways mediate non-cell autonomous communications between distinct central nervous system (CNS) cell types during disease? Is it possible to therapeutically target specific cell types in the CNS?
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mark W Kankel
- Biogen Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Susan C Su
- Biogen Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Steve W S Han
- Biogen Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,GSK, Upper Providence, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Dimitry Ofengeim
- Biogen Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Sanofi Neuroscience, Framingham, MA, USA.
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