1
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Sanchez M, Pontabry J, Assemat G, Martinez A, Akoka S. MISSTEC-S: A fast 1H pulse calibration from spectra simultaneously produced by a spin echo and a stimulated echo. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 364:107712. [PMID: 38879927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Radio-Frequency (RF) pulse calibration is an essential step in guaranteeing both optimum acquisition quality in multi-pulse NMR and accurate results in quantitative experiments. Most existing methods are based on a series of spectra for which the flip angle of one or more pulses is progressively incremented, implying a significant experiment time. In order to circumvent this drawback, we have previously proposed an approach based on the acquisition of a spin echo and a stimulated echo - the MISSTEC sequence - which requires only 8 s to determine the PW90-1H, while it is several minutes in the case of the use of a nutation curve. In this work, a new sequence for RF calibration is presented: MISSTEC-S. It is derived from the previously proposed MISSTEC sequence, but the observation of echoes in presence of magnetic field gradient is replaced by the observation of FIDs. This modification allows both spectra to be phased, while imposing a strong constraint on the Mixing Time (TM). However, the relationship used to calculate the flip angle is only correct when TM is small enough to neglect longitudinal relaxation during this delay. In order to reduce TM, the first FID is truncated during acquisition and subsequently lengthened using points from the second FID. Results obtained with MISSTEC-S were compared to those obtained from a complete nutation curve and an excellent correlation was observed, although the experimental time to obtain the PW90 is dramatically reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Sanchez
- CEISAM, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling, Nantes University-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France; RS(2)D, 13 rue Vauban, F-67450 Mundolsheim, France.
| | | | | | | | - Serge Akoka
- CEISAM, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling, Nantes University-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
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2
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Kantnerová K, Kuhlbusch N, Juchelka D, Hilkert A, Kopf S, Neubauer C. A guide to precise measurements of isotope abundance by ESI-Orbitrap MS. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-00981-5. [PMID: 38654136 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Stable isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur are widespread in nature. Nevertheless, their relative abundance is not the same everywhere. This is due to kinetic isotope effects in enzymes and other physical principles such as equilibrium thermodynamics. Variations in isotope ratios offer unique insights into environmental pollution, trophic relationships in ecology, metabolic disorders and Earth history including climate history. Although classical isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) techniques still struggle to access intramolecular information like site-specific isotope abundance, electrospray ionization-Orbitrap mass spectrometry can be used to achieve precise and accurate intramolecular quantification of isotopically substituted molecules ('isotopocules'). This protocol describes two procedures. In the first one, we provide a step-by-step beginner's guide for performing multi-elemental, intramolecular and site-specific stable isotope analysis in unlabeled polar solutes by direct infusion. Using a widely available calibration solution, isotopocules of trifluoroacetic acid and immonium ions from the model peptide MRFA are quantified. In the second approach, nitrate is used as a simple model for a flow injection routine that enables access to a diverse range of naturally occurring isotopic signatures in inorganic oxyanions. Each procedure takes 2-3 h to complete and requires expertise only in general mass spectrometry. The workflows use optimized Orbitrap IRMS data-extraction and -processing software and are transferable to various analytes amenable to soft ionization, including metabolites, peptides, drugs and environmental pollutants. Optimized mass spectrometry systems will enable intramolecular isotope research in many areas of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Kantnerová
- University of Colorado Boulder & Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Nils Kuhlbusch
- Thermo Fisher Scientific GmbH, Bremen, Germany
- University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Sebastian Kopf
- University of Colorado Boulder & Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Cajetan Neubauer
- University of Colorado Boulder & Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Boulder, CO, USA.
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3
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Steiner K, Bermel W, Soong R, Lysak DH, Jenne A, Downey K, Wolff WW, Costa PM, Ronda K, Moxley-Paquette V, Pellizzari J, Simpson AJ. A simple 1H ( 12C/ 13C) filtered experiment to quantify and trace isotope enrichment in complex environmental and biological samples. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 361:107653. [PMID: 38471414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based 13C tracing has broad applications across medical and environmental research. As many biological and environmental samples are heterogeneous, they experience considerable spectral overlap and relatively low signal. Here a 1D 1H-12C/13C is introduced that uses "in-phase/opposite-phase" encoding to simultaneously detect and discriminate both protons attached to 12C and 13C at full 1H sensitivity in every scan. Unlike traditional approaches that focus on the 12C/13C satellite ratios in a 1H spectrum, this approach creates separate sub-spectra for the 12C and 13C bound protons. These spectra can be used for both quantitative and qualitative analysis of complex samples with significant spectral overlap. Due to the presence of the 13C dipole, faster relaxation of the 1H-13C pairs results in slight underestimation compared to the 1H-12C pairs. However, this is easily compensated for, by collecting an additional reference spectrum, from which the absolute percentage of 13C can be calculated by difference. When combined with the result, 12C and 13C percent enrichment in both 1H-12C and 1H-13C fractions are obtained. As the approach uses isotope filtered 1H NMR for detection, it retains nearly the same sensitivity as a standard 1H spectrum. Here, a proof-of-concept is performed using simple mixtures of 12C and 13C glucose, followed by suspended algal cells with varying 12C /13C ratios representing a complex mixture. The results consistently return 12C/13C ratios that deviate less than 1 % on average from the expected. Finally, the sequence was used to monitor and quantify 13C% enrichment in Daphnia magna neonates which were fed a 13C diet over 1 week. The approach helped reveal how the organisms utilized the 12C lipids they are born with vs. the 13C lipids they assimilate from their diet during growth. Given the experiments simplicity, versatility, and sensitivity, we anticipate it should find broad application in a wide range of tracer studies, such as fluxomics, with applications spanning various disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Steiner
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Bermel
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Rudolf-Plank-Str. 23, Ettlingen 76275, Germany
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Daniel H Lysak
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Amy Jenne
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Katelyn Downey
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - William W Wolff
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Peter M Costa
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Kiera Ronda
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Vincent Moxley-Paquette
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Jacob Pellizzari
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Andre J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
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4
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van der Waals MJ, Thornton SF, Rolfe SA, Rock L, Smith JWN, Bosma TNP, Gerritse J. Potential of stable isotope analysis to deduce anaerobic biodegradation of ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) in groundwater: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16150-16163. [PMID: 38319419 PMCID: PMC10894111 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Understanding anaerobic biodegradation of ether oxygenates beyond MTBE in groundwater is important, given that it is replaced by ETBE as a gasoline additive in several regions. The lack of studies demonstrating anaerobic biodegradation of ETBE, and its product TBA, reflects the relative resistance of ethers and alcohols with a tertiary carbon atom to enzymatic attack under anoxic conditions. Anaerobic ETBE- or TBA-degrading microorganisms have not been characterized. Only one field study suggested anaerobic ETBE biodegradation. Anaerobic (co)metabolism of ETBE or TBA was reported in anoxic microcosms, indicating their biodegradation potential in anoxic groundwater systems. Non-isotopic methods, such as the detection of contaminant loss, metabolites, or ETBE- and TBA-degrading bacteria are not sufficiently sensitive to track anaerobic biodegradation in situ. Compound- and position-specific stable isotope analysis provides a means to study MTBE biodegradation, but isotopic fractionation of ETBE has only been studied with a few aerobic bacteria (εC -0.7 to -1.7‰, εH -11 to -73‰) and at one anoxic field site (δ2H-ETBE +14‰). Similarly, stable carbon isotope enrichment (δ13C-TBA +6.5‰) indicated TBA biodegradation at an anoxic field site. CSIA and PSIA are promising methods to detect anaerobic ETBE and TBA biodegradation but need to be investigated further to assess their full potential at field scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle J van der Waals
- Unit Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Deltares, Daltonlaan 600, Utrecht, 3484 BK, The Netherlands
- Present address: KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Steven F Thornton
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Stephen A Rolfe
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Luc Rock
- Shell Global Solutions International BV, Carel van Bylandtlaan 30, The Hague, 2596 HR, The Netherlands
- Present address: Shell Global Solutions (Canada) Inc, 4000 - 500 Centre Street SE, Calgary, AB, T2G 1A6, Canada
| | - Jonathan W N Smith
- Shell Global Solutions (UK) Ltd, Shell Centre, York Road, London, SE1 7NA, UK
| | - Tom N P Bosma
- Unit Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Deltares, Daltonlaan 600, Utrecht, 3484 BK, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Gerritse
- Unit Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Deltares, Daltonlaan 600, Utrecht, 3484 BK, The Netherlands.
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5
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Greule M, Le PM, Meija J, Mester Z, Keppler F. Comparison of Carbon Isotope Ratio Measurement of the Vanillin Methoxy Group by GC-IRMS and 13C-qNMR. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:100-105. [PMID: 38015023 PMCID: PMC10767744 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Site-specific carbon isotope ratio measurements by quantitative 13C NMR (13C-qNMR), Orbitrap-MS, and GC-IRMS offer a new dimension to conventional bulk carbon isotope ratio measurements used in food provenance, forensics, and a number of other applications. While the site-specific measurements of carbon isotope ratios in vanillin by 13C-qNMR or Orbitrap-MS are powerful new tools in food analysis, there are a limited number of studies regarding the validity of these measurement results. Here we present carbon site-specific measurements of vanillin by GC-IRMS and 13C-qNMR for methoxy carbon. Carbon isotope delta (δ13C) values obtained by these different measurement approaches demonstrate remarkable agreement; in five vanillin samples whose bulk δ13C values ranged from -31‰ to -26‰, their δ13C values of the methoxy carbon ranged from -62.4‰ to -30.6‰, yet the difference between the results of the two analytical approaches was within ±0.6‰. While the GC-IRMS approach afforded up to 9-fold lower uncertainties and required 100-fold less sample compared to the 13C-qNMR, the 13C-qNMR is able to assign δ13C values to all carbon atoms in the molecule, not just the cleavable methoxy group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Greule
- Institute
of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Phuong Mai Le
- Metrology, National
Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A
0R6, Canada
| | - Juris Meija
- Metrology, National
Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A
0R6, Canada
| | - Zoltán Mester
- Metrology, National
Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A
0R6, Canada
| | - Frank Keppler
- Institute
of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Renou S, Grand M, Daux V, Tcherkez G, Akoka S, Remaud G. NMR-Based Method for Intramolecular 13C Distribution at Natural Abundance Adapted to Small Amounts of Glucose. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37413690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for isotopic measurements, known as irm-NMR (isotope ratio measured by NMR), is well suited for the quantitation of 13C-isotopomers in position-specific isotope analysis and thus for measuring the carbon isotope composition (δ13C, mUr) in C-atom positions. Irm-NMR has already been used with glucose after derivatization to study sugar metabolism in plants. However, up to now, irm-NMR has exploited a "single-pulse" sequence and requires a relatively large amount of material and long experimental time, precluding many applications with biological tissues or extracts. To reduce the required amount of sample, we investigated the use of 2D-NMR analysis. We adapted and optimized the NMR sequence so as to be able to analyze a small amount (10 mg) of a glucose derivative (diacetonide glucofuranose, DAGF) with a precision better than 1 mUr at each C-atom position. We also set up a method to correct raw data and express 13C abundance on the usual δ13C scale (δ-scale). In fact, due to the distortion associated with polarization transfer and spin manipulation during 2D-NMR analyses, raw 13C abundance is found to be on an unusual scale. This was compensated for by a correction factor obtained via comparative analysis of a reference material (commercial DAGF) using both previous (single-pulse) and new (2D) sequences. Glucose from different biological origins (CO2 assimilation metabolisms of plants, namely, C3, C4, and CAM) was analyzed with the two sequences and compared. Validation criteria such as selectivity, limit of quantification, precision, trueness, and robustness are discussed, including in the framework of green analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Renou
- CEISAM, CNRS, Nantes Université, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | | | - Valérie Daux
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA - CNRS - UVSQ - Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, 2601 Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Serge Akoka
- CEISAM, CNRS, Nantes Université, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Gérald Remaud
- CEISAM, CNRS, Nantes Université, F-44322 Nantes, France
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7
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Liu C, Liu P, Wang X, Li X, Horita J. Establishing the accuracy of position-specific carbon isotope analysis of propane by GC-pyrolysis-GC-IRMS. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9494. [PMID: 36797978 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Position-specific (PS) δ13 C values of propane have proven their ability to provide valuable information on the evolution history of natural gases. Two major approaches to measure PS δ13 C values of propane are isotopic 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography-pyrolysis-gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-Py-GC-IRMS). Measurement accuracy of the isotopic 13 C NMR has been verified, but the requirements of large sample size and long experimental time limit its applications. GC-Py-GC-IRMS is a more versatile method with a small sample size, but its accuracy has not been demonstrated. METHODS We measured the PS δ13 C values of propane from nine natural gases using both 13 C NMR and GC-Py-GC-IRMS, then evaluated the accuracy of the GC-Py-GC-IRMS method. RESULTS The results show that large carbon isotope fractionations occurred for both terminal and central carbons within propane during pyrolysis. The isotope fractionations during the pyrolysis are reproducible at optimum conditions, but vary between the two GC-Py-GC-IRMS systems tested, affected by experimental conditions (e.g., pyrolysis temperature, flow rate, and reactor conditions). CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to evaluate and calibrate each GC-Py-GC-IRMS system using propane gases with accurately determined PS δ13 C values. This study also highlights a need for PS isotope standards for propane and other molecules (e.g., butane and acetic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjie Liu
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Juske Horita
- Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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8
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Neubauer C, Kantnerová K, Lamothe A, Savarino J, Hilkert A, Juchelka D, Hinrichs KU, Elvert M, Heuer V, Elsner M, Bakkour R, Julien M, Öztoprak M, Schouten S, Hattori S, Dittmar T. Discovering Nature's Fingerprints: Isotope Ratio Analysis on Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:525-537. [PMID: 36971362 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For a generation or more, the mass spectrometry that developed at the frontier of molecular biology was worlds apart from isotope ratio mass spectrometry, a label-free approach done on optimized gas-source magnetic sector instruments. Recent studies show that electrospray-ionization Orbitraps and other mass spectrometers widely used in the life sciences can be fine-tuned for high-precision isotope ratio analysis. Since isotope patterns form everywhere in nature based on well-understood principles, intramolecular isotope measurements allow unique insights into a fascinating range of research topics. This Perspective introduces a wider readership to current topics in stable isotope research with the aim of discussing how soft-ionization mass spectrometry coupled with ultrahigh mass resolution can enable long-envisioned progress. We highlight novel prospects of observing isotopes in intact polar compounds and speculate on future directions of this adventure into the overlapping realms of biology, chemistry, and geology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cajetan Neubauer
- University of Colorado Boulder & Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Kristýna Kantnerová
- University of Colorado Boulder & Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Alexis Lamothe
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Grenoble-INP, IGE, Grenoble 38400, France
| | - Joel Savarino
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Grenoble-INP, IGE, Grenoble 38400, France
| | | | | | - Kai-Uwe Hinrichs
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Marcus Elvert
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Verena Heuer
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Rani Bakkour
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Maxime Julien
- GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Merve Öztoprak
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel 1797 SZ, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Schouten
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel 1797 SZ, Netherlands
| | - Shohei Hattori
- International Center for Isotope Effects Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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9
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Nataraj A, Tuzson B, Gianella M, Prokhorov I, Li G, Ebert V, Faist J, Emmenegger L. Position-Specific Isotope Analysis of Propane by Mid-IR Laser Absorption Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5354-5361. [PMID: 36913630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular or position-specific carbon isotope analysis of propane (13CH3-12CH2-12CH3 and 12CH3-13CH2-12CH3) provides unique insights into its formation mechanism and temperature history. The unambiguous detection of such carbon isotopic distributions with currently established methods is challenging due to the complexity of the technique and the tedious sample preparation. We present a direct and nondestructive analytical technique to quantify the two singly substituted, terminal (13Ct) and central (13Cc), propane isotopomers, based on quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy. The required spectral information on the propane isotopomers was first obtained using a high-resolution Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and then used to select suitable mid-infrared regions with minimal spectral interference to obtain the optimum sensitivity and selectivity. We then measured high-resolution spectra around 1384 cm-1 of both singly substituted isotopomers by mid-IR quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy using a Stirling-cooled segmented circular multipass cell (SC-MPC). The spectra of the pure propane isotopomers were acquired at both 300 and 155 K and served as spectral templates to quantify samples with different levels of 13C at the central (c) and terminal (t) positions. A prerequisite for the precision using this reference template fitting method is a good match of amount fraction and pressure between the sample and templates. For samples at natural abundance, we achieved a precision of 0.33 ‰ for δ13Ct and 0.73 ‰ for δ13Cc values within 100 s integration time. This is the first demonstration of site-specific high-precision measurements of isotopically substituted non-methane hydrocarbons using laser absorption spectroscopy. The versatility of this analytical approach may open up new opportunities for the study of isotopic distribution of other organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Nataraj
- Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Béla Tuzson
- Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michele Gianella
- Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Prokhorov
- Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gang Li
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Volker Ebert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jérôme Faist
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Emmenegger
- Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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10
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Meier UC. Forensic analysis of the deuterium/hydrogen isotopic ratios of the nerve agent sarin, its reaction by-product diisopropyl methylphosphonate and their precursors by 2H SNIF-NMR. Talanta 2023; 253:123890. [PMID: 36116239 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Deuterium/Hydrogen (D/H) isotope ratios of sarin (5), diisopropyl methylphosphonate (3) and their precursors Isopropanol (1), methylphosphonic acid dichloride (2) and methylphosphonic acid difluoride (4) were measured by the 2H SNIF-NMR technique. The D/H isotope ratios of 1 show a large variation. It is shown, that the formation of 3 by reaction of 1 with 2, the fluorination of 2 to form 4 and the reaction of 4 with 1 to form 5, the D/H isotope ratios of the methyl and isopropyl moieties in 3, 4 and 5 are not significantly changed compared to 1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs C Meier
- Swiss Federal Institute for NBC-Protection, Spiez Laboratory, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland.
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11
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Rasmussen C, Hoffman DW. Novel Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Method for Position-Specific Carbon Isotope Analysis of Organic Molecules with Significant Impurities. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15124-15131. [PMID: 36265131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a novel nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tool for determining position-specific carbon (13C/12C) isotope ratios within complex organic molecules. This analytical advancement allows us to measure position-specific isotope ratios of samples that contain impurities with NMR peaks that overlap with the signals of interest. The method involves collecting a series of alternating 13C-coupled and 13C-decoupled 1H NMR spectra using an NMR pulse sequence designed to optimize temperature stability, followed by a data reduction scheme that allows the signals of interest to be isolated from signals of impurities. The method was validated using glycine reference materials with known 13C/12C ratios from the US Geological Survey (USGS) into which impurities typically found in amino acid samples were intentionally introduced. Following validation, the method was used to determine position-specific 13C/12C ratios in a set of USGS l-valine materials (USGS73, -74, -75) that contain significant impurities associated with their biological origin. The l-valines were found to contain distinct intramolecular isotope variability, and the 13Cα isotope spikes in USGS74 and USGS75 were clearly detected, where they preserve carbon isotope ratios of -4.8 ± 0.9‰ and +11.5 ± 0.8‰, respectively. Carbon isotope abundance at the beta and gamma positions indicates that the USGS73 l-valine was obtained from a different source than USGS74 and -75. This analytical approach is a significant step forward in the field of position-specific isotope analysis at natural abundance via NMR because it enables the investigation of samples that contain impurities which are typically present in samples derived from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Rasmussen
- University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 10601 Exploration Way, Austin, Texas78758, United States
| | - David W Hoffman
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Science, University of Texas at Austin, 100 E 24th Street, Austin, Texas78712, United States
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12
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Le PM, Martineau E, Akoka S, Remaud G, Chartrand MMG, Meija J, Mester Z. Site-specific carbon isotope measurements of vanillin reference materials by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7153-7165. [PMID: 36097194 PMCID: PMC9482901 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vanillin, one of the world's most popular flavor used in food and pharmaceutical industries, is extracted from vanilla beans or obtained (bio)-synthetically. The price of natural vanillin is considerably higher than that of its synthetic alternative which leads increasingly to counterfeit vanillin. Here, we describe the workflow of combining carbon isotope ratio combustion mass spectrometry with quantitative carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (13C-qNMR) to obtain carbon isotope measurements traceable to the Vienna Peedee Belemnite (VPDB) with 0.7‰ combined standard uncertainty (or expanded uncertainty of 1.4‰ at 95% confidence level). We perform these measurements on qualified Bruker 400 MHz instruments to certify site-specific carbon isotope delta values in two vanillin materials, VANA-1 and VANB-1, believed to be the first intramolecular isotopic certified reference material (CRMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Mai Le
- Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Estelle Martineau
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR6230, F-44000, Nantes, France.,CAPACITÉS SAS, Nantes, France
| | - Serge Akoka
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Gerald Remaud
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Michelle M G Chartrand
- Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Juris Meija
- Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Zoltán Mester
- Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
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13
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Cuchet A, Anchisi A, Schiets F, Carénini E, Jame P, Casabianca H. δ18O compound-specific stable isotope assessment: An advanced analytical strategy for sophisticated adulterations detection in essential oils - Application to spearmint, cinnamon, and bitter almond essential oils authentication. Talanta 2022; 252:123801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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14
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Renou S, Pontabry J, Assemat G, Akoka S. Radio-frequency pulse calibration using the MISSTEC sequence. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2022; 341:107260. [PMID: 35777124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
NMR sequences are composed of multiple radio-frequency pulses. Probe adjustment, sample concentration and solvent influence the loading factor, therefore these parameters also impact the validity of flip angles. The commonly used method to calibrate RF pulses is to measure a nutation curve by varying the pulse duration. However, this method is impacted by off-resonance effects, radiation damping and B1 and B0 inhomogeneities. Furthermore, it is important to avoid partial saturation. In this work, the MISSTEC sequence is proposed for pulse calibration. This sequence takes only 8 s or 2 min for 1H or 13C calibration, respectively. High accuracy (with an error below 1%) was obtained for both nuclei. Therefore, the calibrations can be done rapidly and accurately. Furthermore, the MISSTEC measurement could be performed on each sample - in an automated way- before acquisitions, after which the calibration found could be automatically used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Renou
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR6230, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | | | | | - Serge Akoka
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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15
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Portaluri V, Thomas F, Jamin E, Lorandel B, Silvestre V, Akoka S, Remaud GS. Vanillin isotopic intramolecular 13C profile through polarization transfer NMR pulse sequence and statistical modelling. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Pironti C, Ricciardi M, Motta O, Camin F, Bontempo L, Proto A. Application of 13C Quantitative NMR Spectroscopy to Isotopic Analyses for Vanillin Authentication Source. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112635. [PMID: 34828916 PMCID: PMC8625575 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbon stable isotope ratio (δ13C) is a valuable chemical parameter in the investigation of the geographic origin, quality, and authenticity of foods. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the feasibility of 13C-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy to determine the carbon stable isotope ratio, at natural abundance, of small organic molecules, such as vanillin, without the use of IRMS (Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry). The determination of vanillin origin is an active task of research, and differentiating between its natural and artificial forms is important to guarantee the quality of food products. To reach our goal, nine vanillin samples were analyzed using both 13C quantitative NMR spectroscopy (under optimized experimental conditions) and IRMS, and the obtained δ13C values were compared using statistical analysis (linear regression, Bland–Altman plot, and ANOVA (analysis of variance)). The results of our study show that 13C-NMR spectroscopy can be used as a valuable alternative methodology to determine the bulk carbon isotope ratio and to identify the origin of vanillin. This makes it attractive for the analysis in the same experiment of site-specific and total isotope effects for testing authenticity, quality, and typicality of food samples. Moreover, the improvement of NMR spectroscopy makes it possible to avoid the influence of additives on carbon stable isotope ratio analysis and to clearly identify fraud and falsification in commercial samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Pironti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (C.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria Ricciardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (C.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Oriana Motta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (C.P.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089963083
| | - Federica Camin
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Center, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy; (F.C.); (L.B.)
- Centre Agriculture Food Environment C3A, University of Trento, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
- International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA, International Centre, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luana Bontempo
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Center, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy; (F.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Antonio Proto
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy;
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17
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Wang C, Heraty LJ, Wallace AF, Liu C, Li X, McGovern GP, Horita J, Fuller ME, Hatzinger PB, Sturchio NC. Position-specific isotope effects during alkaline hydrolysis of 2,4-dinitroanisole resolved by compound-specific isotope analysis, 13C NMR, and density-functional theory. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130625. [PMID: 33964759 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA), position-specific isotope analysis (PSIA), and computational modeling (e.g., quantum mechanical models; reactive-transport models) are increasingly being used to monitor and predict biotic and abiotic transformations of organic contaminants in the field. However, identifying the isotope effect(s) associated with a specific transformation remains challenging in many cases. Here, we describe and interpret the position-specific isotope effects of C and N associated with a SN2Ar reaction mechanism by a combination of CSIA and PSIA using quantitative 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and density-functional theory, using 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) as a model compound. The position-specific 13C enrichment factor of O-C1 bond at the methoxy group attachment site (εC1) was found to be approximately -41‰, a diagnostic value for transformation of DNAN to its reaction products 2,4-dinitrophenol and methanol. Theoretical kinetic isotope effects calculated for DNAN isotopologues agreed well with the position-specific isotope effects measured by CSIA and PSIA. This combination of measurements and theoretical predictions demonstrates a useful tool for evaluating degradation efficiencies and/or mechanisms of organic contaminants and may promote new and improved applications of isotope analysis in laboratory and field investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Wang
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Linnea J Heraty
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Adam F Wallace
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Changjie Liu
- Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Gregory P McGovern
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, West Texas A&M University, TX, 79016, USA
| | - Juske Horita
- Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Mark E Fuller
- Aptim Federal Services, LLC, Lawrenceville, NJ, 08648, USA
| | | | - Neil C Sturchio
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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18
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Lindberg S, Engqvist M, Mörén L, Åstot C, Norlin R. Source Attribution of the Chemical Warfare Agent Soman Using Position-Specific Isotope Analysis by 2H NMR Spectroscopy: From Precursor to Degradation Product. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12230-12236. [PMID: 34469120 PMCID: PMC8444188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Position-specific
isotope analysis (PSIA) by NMR spectroscopy is
a technique that provides quantitative isotopic values for every site—a
so-called isotopic fingerprint—of a compound of interest. The
isotopic fingerprint can be used to link samples with a common origin
or to attribute a synthetic chemical to its precursor source. Despite
PSIA by NMR being a powerful tool in chemical forensics, it has not
yet been applied on chemical warfare agents (CWAs). In this study,
different batches of the CWA Soman were synthesized from three distinctive
pinacolyl alcohols (PinOHs). Prior to NMR analysis, the Soman samples
were hydrolyzed to the less toxic pinacolyl methylphosphonate (PMP),
which is a common degradation product. The PinOHs and PMPs were applied
to PSIA by 2H NMR experiments to measure the isotopic distribution
of naturally abundant 2H within the pinacolyl moiety. By
normalizing the 2H NMR peak areas, we show that the different
PinOHs have unique intramolecular isotopic distributions. This normalization
method makes the study independent of references and sample concentration.
We also demonstrate, for the first time, that the isotopic fingerprint
retrieved from PSIA by NMR remains stable during the production and
degradation of the CWA. By comparing the intramolecular isotopic profiles
of the precursor PinOH with the degradation product PMP, it is possible
to attribute them to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lindberg
- Department of CBRN Defence & Security, The Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Cementvägen 20, Umeå SE-901 82, Sweden
| | - Magnus Engqvist
- Department of CBRN Defence & Security, The Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Cementvägen 20, Umeå SE-901 82, Sweden
| | - Lina Mörén
- Department of CBRN Defence & Security, The Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Cementvägen 20, Umeå SE-901 82, Sweden
| | - Crister Åstot
- Department of CBRN Defence & Security, The Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Cementvägen 20, Umeå SE-901 82, Sweden
| | - Rikard Norlin
- Department of CBRN Defence & Security, The Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Cementvägen 20, Umeå SE-901 82, Sweden
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19
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Exploring the enantiomeric 13C position-specific isotope fractionation: challenges and anisotropic NMR-based analytical strategy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6379-6392. [PMID: 34498104 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Trying to answer the intriguing and fundamental question related to chiral induction/amplification at the origin of homochirality in Nature: "Is there a relationship between enantiomeric and isotopic fractionation of carbon 13 in chiral molecules?" is a difficult but stimulating challenge. Although isotropic 13C-PSIA NMR is a promising tool for the determination of (13C/12C) ratios capable of providing key 13C isotopic data for understanding the reaction mechanisms of biological processes or artificial transformations, this method does not provide access to any enantiomeric 13C isotopic data unless mirror-image isomers are first physically separated. Interestingly, 13C spectral enantiodiscriminations can be potentially performed in situ in the presence of enantiopure entities as chiral-europium complexes or chiral liquid crystals (CLCs). In this work, we explored for the first time the capabilities of the anisotropic 13C-{1H} NMR using PBLG-based lyotropic CLCs as enantiodiscriminating media in the context of the enantiomeric position-specific 13C isotope fractionation (EPSIF), within the requested precision of the order of the permil. As enantiomeric NMR signals are discriminated on the basis of a difference of 13C residual chemical shift anisotropy (13C-RCSA) prior to being deconvoluted, analysis of enantiomeric mixtures becomes possible. The analytical potential of this approach when using poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate (PBLG) is presented, and the preliminary quantitative results on small model chiral molecules obtained at 17.5 T with a cryogenic NMR probe are reported and discussed. A promising analytical approach based on anisotropic irm-13C-NMR spectrometry to potentially reveal the natural 13C/12C isotopic enantiofractionation effects in organic chiral molecules is proposed and discussed.
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20
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Doyen C, Larquet E, Coureux PD, Frances O, Herman F, Sablé S, Burnouf JP, Sizun C, Lescop E. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Multifaceted Toolbox to Probe Structure, Dynamics, Interactions, and Real-Time In Situ Release Kinetics in Peptide-Liposome Formulations. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2521-2539. [PMID: 34151567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Liposomal formulations represent attractive biocompatible and tunable drug delivery systems for peptide drugs. Among the tools to analyze their physicochemical properties, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, despite being an obligatory technique to characterize molecular structure and dynamics in chemistry as well as in structural biology, yet appears to be rather sparsely used to study drug-liposome formulations. In this work, we exploited several facets of liquid-state NMR spectroscopy to characterize liposomal delivery systems for the apelin-derived K14P peptide and K14P modified by Nα-fatty acylation. Various liposome compositions and preparation modes were analyzed. Using NMR, in combination with cryo-electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, we determined structural, dynamic, and self-association properties of these peptides in solution and probed their interactions with liposomes. Using 31P and 1H NMR, we characterized membrane fluidity and thermotropic phase transitions in empty and loaded liposomes. Based on diffusion and 1H NMR experiments, we localized and quantified peptides with respect to the interior/exterior of liposomes and changes over time and upon thermal treatments. Finally, we assessed the release kinetics of several solutes and compared various formulations. Taken together, this work shows that NMR has the potential to assist the design of peptide/liposome systems and more generally drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Doyen
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Sanofi, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine, France
| | - Eric Larquet
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC), Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Pierre-Damien Coureux
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule (BIOC), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Oriane Frances
- Sanofi, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine, France
| | | | - Serge Sablé
- Sanofi, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine, France
| | | | - Christina Sizun
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ewen Lescop
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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21
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Aarjane M, Slassi S, Ghaleb A, Amine A. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization (FT-IR, NMR) and DFT computational studies of new isoxazoline derived from acridone. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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22
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Jayawardena HSN, Liyanage SH, Rathnayake K, Patel U, Yan M. Analytical Methods for Characterization of Nanomaterial Surfaces. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1889-1911. [PMID: 33434434 PMCID: PMC7941215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Surangi N Jayawardena
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Sajani H Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Kavini Rathnayake
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Unnati Patel
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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23
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A precise and rapid isotopomic analysis of small quantities of cholesterol at natural abundance by optimized 1H- 13C 2D NMR. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1521-1532. [PMID: 33506339 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol, the principal zoosterol, is a key metabolite linked to several health complications. Studies have shown its potential as a metabolic biomarker for predicting various diseases and determining food origin. However, the existing INEPT (insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer) 13C position-specific isotope analysis method of cholesterol by NMR was not suitable for very precise analysis of small quantities due to its long acquisition time and therefore is restricted to products rich in cholesterol. In this work, a symmetric and adiabatic heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) 2D NMR sequence was developed for the high-precision (few permil) analysis of small quantities of cholesterol. Adiabatic pulses were incremented for improving precision and sensitivity. Moreover, several strategies such as the use of non-uniform sampling, linear prediction, and variable recycling time were optimized to reduce the acquisition time. The number of increments and spectral range were also adjusted. The method was developed on a system with a cryogenically cooled probe and was not tested on a room-temperature system. Our new approach allowed analyzing as low as 5 mg of cholesterol in 31 min with a long-term repeatability lower than 2‰ on the 24 non-quaternary carbon atoms of the molecule comparing to 16.2 h for the same quantity using the existing INEPT method. This result makes conceivable the isotope analysis of matrices low in cholesterol. Graphical abstract.
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24
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Julien M, Liégeois M, Höhener P, Paneth P, Remaud GS. Intramolecular non-covalent isotope effects at natural abundance associated with the migration of paracetamol in solid matrices during liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1639:461932. [PMID: 33535117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Position-specific isotope analysis by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrometry was employed to study the 13C intramolecular isotopic fractionation associated with the migration of organic substrates through different stationary phases chromatography columns. Liquid chromatography is often used to isolate compounds prior to their isotope analysis and this purification step potentially alters the isotopic composition of target compounds introducing a bias in the later measured data. Moreover, results from liquid chromatography can yield the sorption parameters needed in reactive transport models that predict the transport and fate of organic contaminants to in the environment. The aim of this study was to use intramolecular isotope analysis to study both 13C and 15N isotope effects associated with the elution of paracetamol (acetaminophen) through different stationary phases and to compare them to effects observed previously for vanillin. Results showed very different intramolecular isotope fractionation profiles depending on the chemical structure of the stationary phase. The data also demonstrate that both the amplitude and the distribution of measured isotope effects depend on the nature of the non-covalent interactions involved in the migration process. Results provided by theoretical calculation performed during this study also confirmed the direct link between observed intramolecular isotope fractionation and the nature of involved intermolecular interactions. It is concluded that the nature of the stationary phase through which the substrate passes has a major impact on the intramolecular isotopic composition of organic compounds isolated by chromatography methods..
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Julien
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ōokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551 Japan; Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | | | - Patrick Höhener
- University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, UMR 7376, place Victor Hugo 3, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Piotr Paneth
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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25
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The Application of NMR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics in Authentication of Spices. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020382. [PMID: 33450910 PMCID: PMC7828335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spices and herbs are among the most commonly adulterated food types. This is because spices are widely used to process food. Spices not only enhance the flavor and taste of food, but they are also sources of numerous bioactive compounds that are significantly beneficial for health. The healing effects of spices are connected with their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and carminative properties. However, regular consumption of adulterated spices may cause fatal damage to our system because adulterants in most cases are unhealthy. For that reason, the appropriate analytical methods are necessary for quality assurance and to ensure the authenticity of spices. Spectroscopic methods are gaining interest as they are fast, require little or no sample preparation, and provide rich structural information. This review provides an overview of the application of NMR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis to determine the quality and adulteration of spices.
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