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Ersoy B, Herzog ML, Pan W, Schilling S, Endres M, Göttert R, Kronenberg GD, Gertz K. The atypical antidepressant tianeptine confers neuroprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:777-791. [PMID: 37653354 PMCID: PMC11127858 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Proregenerative and neuroprotective effects of antidepressants are an important topic of inquiry in neuropsychiatric research. Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) mimics key aspects of ischemic injury in vitro. Here, we studied the effects of 24-h pretreatment with serotonin (5-HT), citalopram (CIT), fluoxetine (FLU), and tianeptine (TIA) on primary mouse cortical neurons subjected to transient OGD. 5-HT (50 μM) significantly enhanced neuron viability as measured by MTT assay and reduced cell death and LDH release. CIT (10 μM) and FLU (1 μM) did not increase the effects of 5-HT and neither antidepressant conferred neuroprotection in the absence of supplemental 5-HT in serum-free cell culture medium. By contrast, pre-treatment with TIA (10 μM) resulted in robust neuroprotection, even in the absence of 5-HT. Furthermore, TIA inhibited mRNA transcription of candidate genes related to cell death and hypoxia and attenuated lipid peroxidation, a hallmark of neuronal injury. Finally, deep RNA sequencing of primary neurons subjected to OGD demonstrated that OGD induces many pathways relating to cell survival, the inflammation-immune response, synaptic dysregulation and apoptosis, and that TIA pretreatment counteracted these effects of OGD. In conclusion, this study highlights the comparative strength of the 5-HT independent neuroprotective effects of TIA and identifies the molecular pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Ersoy
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie-Louise Herzog
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wen Pan
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Schilling
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases), Partner site, Berlin, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), Partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ria Göttert
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Golo D Kronenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zürich, Lenggstrasse 31, P.O. Box 363, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karen Gertz
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Berlin, Germany.
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Espiridion ED, Qutob M, Lozano P. A Case of 'Neptune's Fix Elixir': The Dangerous Consequences of Unregulated Use of Tianeptine in Over-the-Counter Products. Cureus 2024; 16:e55120. [PMID: 38558634 PMCID: PMC10979322 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tianeptine is an atypical tricyclic antidepressant approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder in some European, Asian, and Latin countries. Along with its serotonergic properties, tianeptine also acts as a full agonist at the mu-opioid receptor, creating sensations of euphoric highs and significant risks of addiction and withdrawal. For this reason, along with increased reports of adverse effects and fatalities, tianeptine has not been approved in the US. Despite this, tianeptine continues to be accessible through unregulated online stores and small retailers under street names such as Zaza, Tia, Tianna, 'gas-station dope', and a product not mentioned in the literature previously: Neptune's Fix Elixir. In this report, we discuss the case of a 34-year-old male who presented to the ED via EMS after being found unresponsive secondary to the ingestion of Neptune's Fix Elixir, whose main active ingredient is tianeptine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo D Espiridion
- Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
- Psychiatry, Reading Hospital, West Reading, USA
| | - Maya Qutob
- Psychiatry, Tower Health Medical Group, Reading , USA
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Wagner ML, Pergolizzi J, LeQuang JAK, Breve F, Varrassi G. From Antidepressant Tianeptine to Street Drug ZaZa: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e40688. [PMID: 37485121 PMCID: PMC10359047 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tianeptine is often incorrectly described as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, but it actually is a µ-opioid receptor agonist with anxiolytic effects. It has been approved since the last 1980s in about 24 countries as a treatment for depression, but it was never cleared to market in the United States for this purpose. Nevertheless, tianeptine joined the billion-dollar US market of nootropics as ZaZa or Tianna Red and is widely available online and in small shops without a prescription, to the point that it has been nicknamed "gas station heroin." While the therapeutic dose range is about 25 to 50 mg/day, tianeptine abusers may take 100 times that amount. Tolerance occurs rapidly and users who seek to recapture the short-lived euphoric effects of the drug have to take more and more. Social media has peer-support sites for those trying to discontinue tianeptine. Tianeptine is associated with multiple side effects at high doses along with dependence, withdrawal symptoms, toxicity, respiratory depression, and even mortality. Agitation is more often a presenting symptom of withdrawal than toxicity. Tianeptine is often used by polysubstance drug abusers who may be unaware of the drug's dangers. Few clinicians are aware of tianeptine and most urine assays do not screen for it. Greater awareness is needed for this drug and steps must be taken as tianeptine or "gas station heroin" is emerging as a new public health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Frank Breve
- Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
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Morais FA, Lemos IS, Matiola RT, Freitas MLS, Alano CG, Cabral J, Wessler LB, Generoso JS, Scaini G, Réus GZ, Streck EL. Coadministration of tianeptine alters behavioral parameters and levels of neurotrophins in a chronic model of Maple Syrup Urine disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1585-1596. [PMID: 35394251 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00969-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is caused by the deficiency in the activity of the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC), resulting in the accumulation of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine, isoleucine, and valine, and their respective branched-chain α-keto acids. Patients with MSUD are at high risk of developing chronic neuropsychiatric disorders; however, the pathophysiology of brain damage in these patients remains unclear. We hypothesize that MSUD can cause depressive symptoms in patients. To test our hypothesis, Wistar rats were submitted to the BCAA and tianeptine (antidepressant) administration for 21 days, starting seven days postnatal. Depression-like symptoms were assessed by testing for anhedonia and forced swimming after treatments. After the last test, the brain structures were dissected for the evaluation of neutrophins. We demonstrate that chronic BCAA administration induced depressive-like behavior, increased BDNF levels, and decreased NGF levels, suggesting a relationship between BCAA toxicity and brain damage, as observed in patients with MSUD. However, the administration of tianeptine was effective in preventing behavioral changes and restoring neurotrophins levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio A Morais
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Isabela S Lemos
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Rafaela T Matiola
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Maria Luísa S Freitas
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Carolina G Alano
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Julia Cabral
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Leticia B Wessler
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Jaqueline S Generoso
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Gislaine Z Réus
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brasil.
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Lee HG, Kim YO, Choi JI, Han XH, Shin YU, Yoon MH. Pharmacological interactions between intrathecal pregabalin plus tianeptine or clopidogrel in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Korean J Pain 2022; 35:59-65. [PMID: 34966012 PMCID: PMC8728554 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2022.35.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is still unmet need in treating neuropathic pain and increasing awareness regarding the use of drug combinations to increase the effectiveness of treatment and reduce adverse effects in patients with neuropathic pain. Methods This study was performed to determine the individual and combined effects of pregabalin, tianeptine, and clopidogrel in a rat model of neuropathic pain. The model was created by ligation of the L5-L6 spinal nerve in male Sprague-Dawley rats; mechanical allodynia was confirmed using von Frey filaments. Drugs were administered to the intrathecal space and mechanical allodynia was assessed; drug interactions were estimated by isobolographic or fixed-dose analyses. Results Intrathecal pregabalin and tianeptine increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold in a dose-dependent manner, but intrathecal clopidogrel had little effect on the mechanical withdrawal threshold. An additive effect was noted between pregabalin and tianeptine, but not between pregabalin and clopidogrel. Conclusions These findings suggest that intrathecal coadministration of pregabalin and tianeptine effectively attenuated mechanical allodynia in the rat model of neuropathic pain. Thus, pregabalin plus tianeptine may be a valid option to enhance the efficacy of neuropathic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Gon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.,BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yeo Ok Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong Il Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.,BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Xue Hao Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.,BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yang Un Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Ha Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.,BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Lopez-Castroman J, Jaussent I, Gorwood P, Courtet P. Activation syndrome induced by the antidepressant tianeptine and suicidal ideation: Evidence from a large depressed outpatient sample. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 97:109762. [PMID: 31526830 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the characteristics of the activation syndrome (AS) that predict the emergence or worsening of suicidal ideation (SI) in the first month of antidepressant treatment with tianeptine, as well as the temporal relationship between both conditions. METHOD A naturalistic sample of 2422 depressed outpatients starting a new antidepressant treatment with tianeptine was assessed at 2, 4 and 6 weeks of follow-up using validated questionnaires. Four main dimensions of AS were examined: impulsivity, sleep problems, anxiety and agitation. RESULTS The emergence of an AS was more likely in long-lasting depressive episodes, but less likely if the patient responded to the antidepressant or benzodiazepines were added as an add-on treatment. Treatment-emergent SI was strongly associated to the presence of an AS, particularly in case of sleep problems (OR = 8.42) or impulsivity upsurges (OR = 3.89), even after adjustment for all relevant confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a dose-effect mechanism modulating the relationship between treatment-related SI and AS. AS symptoms may need to be monitored closely in the weeks that follow the introduction of an antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lopez-Castroman
- Inserm u1061, Université de Montpellier, 39 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34090 Montpellier, France; Department of Psychiatry, Nimes University Hospital, 4 Rue du Professeur Robert Debré, 30029 Nîmes, France; CIBERSAM, Spain.
| | - Isabelle Jaussent
- Inserm u1061, Université de Montpellier, 39 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Philip Gorwood
- Sainte-Anne Hospital (CMME), INSERM U894, 1 Rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Inserm u1061, Université de Montpellier, 39 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34090 Montpellier, France; Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Montpellier University Hospital, 371 Av. du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France
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Trojan E, Chamera K, Bryniarska N, Kotarska K, Leśkiewicz M, Regulska M, Basta-Kaim A. Role of Chronic Administration of Antidepressant Drugs in the Prenatal Stress-Evoked Inflammatory Response in the Brain of Adult Offspring Rats: Involvement of the NLRP3 Inflammasome-Related Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5365-5380. [PMID: 30610610 PMCID: PMC6614144 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that adverse experiences in early life may be a factor for immune disturbances leading to the depression in adulthood. Recently, a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of depression has been assigned to the activation of the brain Nod-like receptor pyrin-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. We investigated the impact of chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs on the behavioral disturbances and the levels of proinflammatory factors in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of adult male rats after prenatal stress exposure. Next, we explored the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome-related pathways in the mechanism of antidepressant action. Our study confirmed that chronic antidepressant treatment attenuated depression-like disturbances and exerted an anxiolytic action. All antidepressants diminished the prenatal stress-induced increase in IL-1β in both brain areas, while IL-18 only in the hippocampus. Moreover, tianeptine administration diminished the increase in CCR2 levels in both brain areas, while in the hippocampus, tianeptine, along with venlafaxine CCL2 and iNOS levels. Next, we observed that in the hippocampus, tianeptine and fluoxetine suppressed upregulation of TLR4. Furthermore, venlafaxine suppressed NFкB p65-subunit phosphorylation, while fluoxetine enhanced the IкB level. Importantly, in the hippocampus, all antidepressants normalized evoked by stress changes in caspase-1 level, while tianeptine and venlafaxine also affect the levels of ASC and NLRP3 subunits. Our results provide new evidence that chronic administration of antidepressants exerts anti-inflammatory effects more pronounced in the hippocampus, through suppression of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These effects are accompanied by an improvement in the behavioral dysfunctions evoked by prenatal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Trojan
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chamera
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Bryniarska
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotarska
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Leśkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Regulska
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome-Related Pathways via Tianeptine Treatment-Suppressed Microglia Polarization to the M1 Phenotype in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071965. [PMID: 29976873 PMCID: PMC6073715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence postulates that microglia are the main mediators of inflammation-related disorders, including depression. Since activated microglia produce a wide range of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, the modulation of M1/M2 microglial polarization by antidepressants may be crucial in the treatment of depression. The current paper aimed to investigate the impact of tianeptine on the microglia’s viability/death parameters, and on M1/M2 microglial activation in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms via which tianeptine affected the LPS-evoked changes were investigated. The results revealed that tianeptine had partially protective effects on the changes in microglia viability/death evoked by LPS. Tianeptine attenuated microglia activation by decreasing the expression of cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) markers, as well as the release of pro-inflammatory factors: interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and chemokine CC motif ligand 2 (CCL2), and the production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. In contrast, we did not observe an impact of tianeptine on M2 microglia measured by IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) expression. Moreover, we demonstrated an inhibitory effect of tianeptine on the LPS-induced activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like (NOD-like) receptor pyrin-containing 3 inflammasome (NLRP3) inflammasome subunits, NLRP3 and caspase-1, as well as the ability of tianeptine to reduce Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) levels, as well as the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Collectively, we demonstrated that tianeptine has protective properties and inhibits M1 polarization, thus attenuating the production of inflammatory mediators. Moreover, we found that M1 microglia suppression may be related to the NLRP3 inflammasome and TLR4 signaling. These findings suggest that a better understanding of the multifaceted mechanisms of tianeptine action on microglia may increase the effectiveness of therapy, where inflammation is a central hallmark.
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Szafarz M, Wencel A, Pociecha K, Fedak FA, Wlaź P, Wyska E. Pharmacokinetic study of tianeptine and its active metabolite MC5 in rats following different routes of administration using a novel liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analytical method. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 391:185-196. [PMID: 29230490 PMCID: PMC5778159 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tianeptine is an atypical antidepressant with a unique mechanism of action and recently it has been also reported that its major metabolite, compound MC5, possesses pharmacological activity similar to that of the parent drug. The current study aims to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of both tianeptine and MC5 after intravenous or intraperitoneal administration of the parent drug as well as the metabolic ratio of MC5 in rats. To achieve these goals an LC-MS/MS method using the small sample volume for the quantitation of tianeptine and its active metabolite MC5 in rat plasma and liver perfusate has been developed and validated. Following an intravenous administration of tianeptine pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis. The average tianeptine volume of distribution at steady state was 2.03 L/kg and the systemic clearance equaled 1.84 L/h/kg. The mean elimination half-lives of tianeptine and MC5 metabolite were 1.16 and 7.53 h, respectively. The hepatic clearance of tianeptine determined in the isolated rat liver perfusion studies was similar to the perfusate flow rate despite the low metabolic ratio of MC5. Mass spectrometric analysis of rat bile indicated that tianeptine and MC5 metabolite are eliminated with bile as glucuronide and glutamine conjugates. Bioavailability of tianeptine after its intraperitoneal administration was 69%. The PK model with a metabolite compartment developed in this study for both tianeptine and MC5 metabolite after two routes of administration may facilitate tianeptine dosage selection for the prospective pharmacological experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Wencel
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pociecha
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Filip A Fedak
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Lee H, Im J, Won H, Nam W, Kim YO, Lee SW, Lee S, Cho IH, Kim HK, Kwon JT, Kim HJ. Effects of tianeptine on symptoms of fibromyalgia via BDNF signaling in a fibromyalgia animal model. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:361-370. [PMID: 28706449 PMCID: PMC5507774 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.4.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports have suggested that physical and psychological stresses may trigger fibromyalgia (FM). Stress is an important risk factor in the development of depression and memory impairments. Antidepressants have been used to prevent stress-induced abnormal pain sensation. Among various antidepressants, tianeptine has been reported to be able to prevent neurodegeneration due to chronic stress and reverse decreases in hippocampal volume. To assess the possible effect of tianeptine on FM symptoms, we constructed a FM animal model induced by restraint stress with intermittent cold stress. All mice underwent nociceptive assays using electronic von Frey anesthesiometer and Hargreaves equipment. To assess the relationship between tianeptine and expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB), western blotting and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed. In behavioral analysis, nociception tests showed that pain threshold was significantly decreased in the FM group compared to that in the control group. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus showed downregulation of BDNF and p-CREB proteins in the FM group compared to the control group. However, tianeptine recovered these changes in behavioral tests and protein level. Therefore, this FM animal model might be useful for investigating mechanisms linking BDNF-CREB pathway and pain. Our results suggest that tianeptine might potentially have therapeutic efficacy for FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwayoung Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Jiyun Im
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Hansol Won
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Wooyoung Nam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Development of Ginseng and Medical Plants Research Institute, Rural Administration, Eumseong 27709, Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Development of Ginseng and Medical Plants Research Institute, Rural Administration, Eumseong 27709, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, and Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ki Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Jun-Tack Kwon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Hak-Jae Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea.,Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
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11
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Nowacka-Chmielewska MM, Paul-Samojedny M, Bielecka-Wajdman AM, Barski JJ, Obuchowicz E. Alterations in VEGF expression induced by antidepressant drugs in female rats under chronic social stress. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:723-730. [PMID: 28352358 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is thought to serve a role in neurogenesis and the stress response. Although a definite link between the action of antidepressants and VEGF has not been identified, it is assumed that VEGF, as a neurotrophic factor, serves an important role in the effects of antidepressant treatment. To examine this, the present study subjected adult female rats to four weeks of social instability stress and measured the effect of antidepressant treatment on the expression of VEGF. Firstly, endocrine markers of stress and body weight were measured in parallel with behavioral tests prior to and following subjection to stress. Then, the effect of 28-day daily treatment with desipramine (DMI; 10 mg/kg), fluoxetine (5 mg/kg) or tianeptine (10 mg/kg) on the number of copies of VEGF mRNA in the amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus, and on serum VEGF protein levels, of rats subjected to chronic stress was determined. In addition, the weight of the adrenal glands was measured following subjection to stress. Exposure to chronic stress was found to increase the rats' sucrose preference, and diminish their tendency for general exploration and time spent in the open. The relative adrenal weights of the stressed rats were significantly increased compared with the control. Plasma concentrations of corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone were not significantly augmented. In addition, the present study identified that stress elevated VEGF mRNA expression in all studied neural structures. Furthermore, the results identified that the stress-induced increase in VEGF mRNA expression in the amygdala and hypothalamus was attenuated by long-term administration of DMI. Conversely, a decrease in serum VEGF concentration was observed in stressed rats, which was not reversed by treatment with antidepressants. In conclusion, the current study suggests that under conditions of stress, VEGF serves a role in the mechanism of action of DMI, through modulating activity of the norepinephrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maria Nowacka-Chmielewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; Center For Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Paul-Samojedny
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Pharmacy with The Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Bielecka-Wajdman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jarosław Jerzy Barski
- Center For Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Obuchowicz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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12
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The effects of desipramine, fluoxetine, or tianeptine on changes in bulbar BDNF levels induced by chronic social instability stress and inflammation. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:520-525. [PMID: 31994095 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is a major predisposing factor in the development of psychiatric disorders and potential source of augmented inflammatory processes in the brain. Increasing body of evidence shows an important role of alterations in the olfactory bulbs (OBs) function in stress-related disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of antidepressants on the alterations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in female rats subjected to chronic social instability stress (CSIS). METHODS 9 weeks old female rats were subjected to CSIS and injected ip once daily with desipramine (10 mg/kg), fluoxetine (5 mg/kg), or tianeptine (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. On the last day of the experiment, rats being at the estrus phase of cycle were injected ip with LPS (1 mg/kg) or saline. RESULTS The BDNF mRNA and protein levels were evaluated in the olfactory bulbs. and the BDNF protein levels were measured in plasma. A single LPS administration in the stressed rats resulted in significant decrease in the bulbar BDNF mRNA, but not in the protein level. Chronic administration of desipramine, fluoxetine, or tianeptine increased the BDNF mRNA expression and protein levels in the LPS-injected stressed rats. There was no effect of the studied antidepressants on the reduction of the plasma BDNF protein level induced by CSIS and LPS. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that studied antidepressants were effective in inhibiting the impact of LPS on BDNF expression in the stressed rats what may be significant for beneficial action of this drugs.
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Głombik K, Stachowicz A, Olszanecki R, Ślusarczyk J, Trojan E, Lasoń W, Kubera M, Budziszewska B, Spedding M, Basta-Kaim A. The effect of chronic tianeptine administration on the brain mitochondria: direct links with an animal model of depression. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:7351-7362. [PMID: 26934888 PMCID: PMC5104776 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has focused on the impact of mitochondrial disturbances in the development of depression, but little data exist regarding the effects of chronic administration of antidepressant drugs on the brain's mitochondrial protein profile. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of chronic treatment with an atypical antidepressant drug-tianeptine-on the mitochondria-enriched subproteome profile in the hippocampus and the frontal cortex of 3-month-old male rats following a prenatal stress procedure. Rats that were exposed to a prenatal stress procedure displayed depressive- and anxiety-like disturbances based on the elevated plus-maze and Porsolt tests. Moreover, two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry showed structure-dependent mitoproteome changes in brains of prenatally stressed rats after chronic tianeptine administration. A component of 2-oxoglutarate and succinate flavoprotein subunit dehydrogenases, isocitrate subunit alpha, was upregulated in the hippocampus. In the frontal cortex, there was a striking increase in the expression of glutamate dehydrogenase and cytochrome bc1 complex subunit 2. These findings suggest that mitochondria are underappreciated targets for therapeutic interventions, and mitochondrial function may be crucial for the effective treatment of stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Głombik
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aneta Stachowicz
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka Street, 31-531, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka Street, 31-531, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Ślusarczyk
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Władysław Lasoń
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Kubera
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogusława Budziszewska
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michael Spedding
- Physiopathogie des Maladies Psychiatriques, INSERM UMR_S 894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 2ter rue d'Alesia, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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Heo BH, Shin JY, Park KS, Lee HG, Choi JI, Yoon MH, Kim WM. Effects of tianeptine on the development and maintenance of mechanical allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Neurosci Lett 2016; 633:82-86. [PMID: 27641318 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We validate the analgesic efficacy of tianeptine by different administration routes and timing in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain was induced by ligating the L5 and L6 spinal nerves in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and mechanical allodynia was assessed using von Frey filaments. The effects of orally administered tianeptine and pretreatment with tianeptine (intrathecally or intraperitoneally) on mechanical allodynia were assessed. Oral and preemptive intrathecal administration of tianeptine significantly increased the paw withdrawal threshold but preemptive intraperitoneal administration did not. Nevertheless, intraperitoneal pretreatment of tianeptine potentiated the antiallodynic effects of subsequently administered tianeptine. These findings suggest that tianeptine may be effective for preventing and treating neuropathic pain and that it can be used more widely in clinical pain practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Ha Heo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yun Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Suk Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Gon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Il Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ha Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Mo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea.
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Slusarczyk J, Trojan E, Glombik K, Piotrowska A, Budziszewska B, Kubera M, Popiolek-Barczyk K, Lason W, Mika J, Basta-Kaim A. Anti-inflammatory properties of tianeptine on lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in microglial cells involve toll-like receptor-related pathways. J Neurochem 2016; 136:958-70. [PMID: 26640965 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that activation of microglia plays a key role in the pathogenesis of depression. Activated microglia produce a wide range of factors whose prolonged or excessive release may lead to brain disorders. Thus, the inhibition of microglial cells may be beneficial in the treatment of depressive diseases. Tianeptine is an atypical antidepressant drug with proven clinical efficacy, but its mechanism of action remains still not fully understood. In the present study, using microglial cultures we investigated whether tianeptine modifies microglial activation after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and which intracellular pathways are involved in the activity of this antidepressant. Our study shows that tianeptine attenuated the LPS-evoked inflammatory activation of microglia by decreasing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), the release of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Analyses of signaling pathways demonstrate that tianeptine led to the suppression of LPS-induced TLR4 expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, our study reveals the inhibitory impact of tianeptine on caspase-3-induced PKCδ degradation and consequently on the activation of NF-κB factor in microglial cells. Taken together, present results show anti-inflammatory properties of tianeptine in microglial cultures stimulated by LPS. This study provides evidence that the inhibition of microglial activation may underlie the therapeutic activity of tianeptine. Our findings show the anti-inflammatory effect of tianeptine (TIA) in lipopolisaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglial cells. The beneficial tianeptine action is mediated through the inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression as well as the TLR4-related pathways: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), caspase-3-dependent protein kinase δ (PKCδ) cleavage and the expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). These findings may provide a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of disorders based on neuroinflammation, including depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Slusarczyk
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Glombik
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Piotrowska
- Department of Pharmacology of Pain, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Boguslawa Budziszewska
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Kubera
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Popiolek-Barczyk
- Department of Pharmacology of Pain, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wladyslaw Lason
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pharmacology of Pain, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Affect of antidepressants on the in vitro differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 73:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Nowacka MM, Paul-Samojedny M, Bielecka AM, Obuchowicz E. Chronic social instability stress enhances vulnerability of BDNF response to LPS in the limbic structures of female rats: A protective role of antidepressants. Neurosci Res 2014; 88:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Agomelatine strongly interacts with zwitterionic DPPC and charged DPPG membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:2798-806. [PMID: 25091390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common psychiatric diseases in the population. Agomelatine is a novel antidepressant drug with melatonin receptor agonistic and serotonin 5-HT2C antagonistic properties. Furthermore, being a melatonergic drug, agomelatine has the potential of being used in therapeutic applications like melatonin as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic drug. The action mechanism of agomelatine on the membrane structure has not been clarified yet. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the interaction of agomelatine with model membranes of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylgylcerol (DPPG) by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). We found that agomelatine interacts with the head group in such a manner that it destabilizes the membrane architecture to a large extent. Thus, agomelatine causes alterations in the order, packing and dynamics of the DPPC and DPPG model membranes. Our results suggest that agomelatine strongly interacts with zwitterionic and charged membrane phospholipids. Because lipid structure and dynamics may have influence on the structure of membrane bound proteins and affect the signal transduction systems of membranes, these effects of agomelatine may be important in its action mechanism.
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Lee MG, Oh D, Choi MR, Chai YG, Kim SH, Oh DH, Choi J. NCAM140 and pCREB Expression after Tianeptine Treatment of SH-SY5Y Cells. Psychiatry Investig 2014; 11:313-8. [PMID: 25110505 PMCID: PMC4124191 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2014.11.3.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antidepressants Modulate Neuronal Plasticity. Tianeptine, An Atypical Antidepressant, Might Be Involved In The Restoration Of Neuronal Plasticity; It Primarily Enhances The Synaptic Reuptake Of Serotonin. Ncam140 Is Involved In Neuronal Development Processes, Synaptogenesis And Synaptic Plasticity. We Investigated The Effect Of Tianeptine On The Expression Of Ncam140 And Its Downstream Signaling Molecule In The Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line Sh-sy5y. METHODS NCAM protein expression was measured in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells that were cultivated in serum-free media and treated with 0, 10, or 20 µM tianeptine for 6, 24, or 72 hours. NCAM140 expression in the tianeptine treatment group was confirmed by Western blot, and quantified through measurement of band intensity by absorbance. CREB and pCREB expression was identified after treatment with 20 µM tianeptine for 6, 24, and 72 hours by Western blot. RESULTS Compared to cells treated for 6 hours, cells treated with 0 or 10 µM tianeptine for 72 hours showed a significant increase in NCAM140 expression and cells treated with 20 µM tianeptine showed a significant increase after 24 and 72 hours. The pCREB level in cells treated with 20 µM tianeptine increased in time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that the tianeptine antidepressant effect may occur by induction of NCAM140 expression and CREB phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-gyung Lee
- Department of General Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Program, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Daeyoung Oh
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ran Choi
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Chai
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Mental Health Institute, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Oh
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Mental Health Institute, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonho Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Mental Health Institute, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Seo MK, Lee CH, Cho HY, Lee JG, Lee BJ, Kim JE, Seol W, Kim YH, Park SW. Effects of antidepressant drugs on synaptic protein levels and dendritic outgrowth in hippocampal neuronal cultures. Neuropharmacology 2014; 79:222-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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21
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Della FP, Abelaira HM, Réus GZ, Santos MABD, Tomaz DB, Antunes AR, Scaini G, Morais MOS, Streck EL, Quevedo J. Treatment with tianeptine induces antidepressive-like effects and alters the neurotrophin levels, mitochondrial respiratory chain and cycle Krebs enzymes in the brain of maternally deprived adult rats. Metab Brain Dis 2013; 28:93-105. [PMID: 23325329 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-012-9375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Maternally deprived rats were treated with tianeptine (15 mg/kg) once a day for 14 days during their adult phase. Their behavior was then assessed using the forced swimming and open field tests. The BDNF, NGF and energy metabolism were assessed in the rat brain. Deprived rats increased the immobility time, but tianeptine reversed this effect and increased the swimming time; the BDNF levels were decreased in the amygdala of the deprived rats treated with saline and the BDNF levels were decreased in the nucleus accumbens within all groups; the NGF was found to have decreased in the hippocampus, amygdala and nucleus accumbens of the deprived rats; citrate synthase was increased in the hippocampus of non-deprived rats treated with tianeptine and the creatine kinase was decreased in the hippocampus and amygdala of the deprived rats; the mitochondrial complex I and II-III were inhibited, and tianeptine increased the mitochondrial complex II and IV in the hippocampus of the non-deprived rats; the succinate dehydrogenase was increased in the hippocampus of non-deprived rats treated with tianeptine. So, tianeptine showed antidepressant effects conducted on maternally deprived rats, and this can be attributed to its action on the neurochemical pathways related to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciela P Della
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, and Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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22
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Aguiar JCA, Gomes EPP, Fonseca-Silva T, Velloso NA, Vieira LT, Fernandes MF, Santos SHS, Neto JFR, De-Paula AMB, Guimarães ALS. Fluoxetine reduces periodontal disease progression in a conditioned fear stress model in rats. J Periodontal Res 2013; 48:632-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. C. A. Aguiar
- Department of Dentistry; Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros; Montes Claros Brazil
- School of Psychology; Faculdades Integradas Pitágoras; Montes Claros Brazil
| | - E. P. P. Gomes
- Department of Dentistry; Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros; Montes Claros Brazil
| | - T. Fonseca-Silva
- Department of Dentistry; Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros; Montes Claros Brazil
| | - N. A. Velloso
- School of Pharmacy; Faculdades Santo Agostinho; Montes Claros Brazil
| | - L. T. Vieira
- Department of Dentistry; Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros; Montes Claros Brazil
| | - M. F. Fernandes
- Department of Mathematics; Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros; Montes Claros Brazil
| | - S. H. S. Santos
- Department of Medicine; Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros; Montes Claros Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - J. F. R. Neto
- Department of Medicine; Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros; Montes Claros Brazil
| | - A. M. B. De-Paula
- Department of Dentistry; Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros; Montes Claros Brazil
| | - A. L. S. Guimarães
- Department of Dentistry; Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros; Montes Claros Brazil
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Tianeptine exerts neuroprotective effects in the brain tissue of rats exposed to the chronic stress model. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 103:395-402. [PMID: 23036485 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of chronic stress represent valuable tools by which to investigate the behavioral, endocrine and neurobiological changes underlying stress-related psychopathologies, such as major depression, and the efficacy of antidepressant therapies. The present study was aimed at investigating the neurochemical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine in rats exposed to the chronic stress model. To this aim, rats were subjected to 40days of chronic unpredictable stressful stimuli, after which the animals received saline or tianeptine (15mg/kg) once a day for 7days. Additionally, IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α levels and oxidative stress parameters were assessed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HPC), amygdala (AMY) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) in all of the experimental groups studied. The results indicated that chronic mild stress and tianeptine did not exercise any effects on cytokines in all of the structures studied; in the PFC and AMY thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were decreased in control rats treated with tianeptine in the HPC; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was found to have decreased in stressed rats treated with saline in the PFC, HPC, AMY and NAc, and tianeptine reversed this effect; catalase (CAT) activity was found to have decreased in the PFC, HPC and NAc of stressed rats treated with saline, but was shown to have increased in stressed rats treated with tianeptine, and tianeptine also reversed the decreases in CAT activity in stressed rats treated with saline, suggesting that tianeptine exerted antioxidant activity. In conclusion, the present findings open new vistas on the pharmacological activity of tianeptine, in particular, concerning its ability to attenuate oxidative stress.
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24
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Sohn W, Lee OY, Kwon JG, Park KS, Lim YJ, Kim TH, Jung SW, Kim JI. Tianeptine vs amitriptyline for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea: a multicenter, open-label, non-inferiority, randomized controlled study. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:860-e398. [PMID: 22679908 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01945.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tricyclic antidepressants have good efficacy in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D), but their clinical use is limited by considerations of tolerability. Tianeptine, another antidepressant, acts as a selective serotonin reuptake enhancer. We compared tianeptine with amitriptyline for the treatment of patients with IBS-D. METHODS We undertook a multicenter, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority clinical study that compared tianeptine with amitriptyline, each in combination with probiotics, for the treatment of IBS-D. Subjects were randomized to receive tianeptine (37.5 mg)/probiotics (Bacillus subtilis + Streptococcus faecium) or amitriptyline (10 mg)/probiotics (Bacillus subtilis + Streptococcus faecium) for 4 weeks. A total of 228 patients were analyzed by the intention-to-treat approach. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients who had global relief of IBS symptoms at week 4. The secondary efficacy endpoints were intensity of abdominal pain/discomfort, stool frequency/consistency, quality of life, and overall satisfaction with treatment. KEY RESULTS At week 4, non-inferiority of the tianeptine group to the amitriptyline group (treatment difference -15.1%; 95% CI -26.6% to -3.8%) was shown, with 81.1% (99 of 122 patients) of the patients in the tianeptine group and 66.0% (70 of 106 patients) in the amitriptyline group reporting global relief of IBS symptoms. The secondary endpoints also demonstrated non-inferiority of the tianeptine group to the amitriptyline group. Adverse events such as dry mouth and constipation were significantly lower in the tianeptine group than the amitriptyline group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Tianeptine is not inferior to amitriptyline for treating IBS-D in terms of both efficacy and tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sohn
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Socała K, Nieoczym D, Wyska E, Poleszak E, Wlaź P. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, enhances the activity of two atypical antidepressant drugs, mianserin and tianeptine, in the forced swim test in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 38:121-6. [PMID: 22406168 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Sildenafil, a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, has recently been reported to abolish anti-immobility action of antidepressant drugs, i.e., bupropion, venlafaxine and S-citalopram, in the forced swim test in mice. The present study was designed to investigate the influence of sildenafil on the potential of two atypical antidepressants, namely mianserin and tianeptine. Swim sessions were conducted by placing mice in glass cylinders filled with water for 6 min and the duration of the behavioral immobility during the last 4 min of the test was evaluated. Locomotor activity was measured with photoresistor actimeters. To evaluate the potential pharmocokinetic interaction, total brain concentrations of the studied antidepressants were determined by HPLC method. Sildenafil at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg did not affect the activity of mianserin (20 mg/kg) in the forced swim test. Interestingly, at higher doses (5 and 10 mg/kg), sildenafil significantly enhanced the anti-immobility action of mianserin. Likewise, sildenafil (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) robustly augmented the antidepressant activity of tianeptine (30 mg/kg). Mianserin alone, as well as in a combination with sildenafil at the highest dose, caused a potent reduction in locomotor activity. However, the changes in motor activity did not interfere with the data obtained in the forced swim test. Sildenafil significantly increased the total brain tianeptine concentration. No alteration in mianserin level in the brain after sildenafil co-administration was observed. The present study suggests that sildenafil enhances the activity of mianserin and tianeptine in the forced swim test in mice. The changes in the antidepressant activity of mianserin evoked by sildenafil co-administration were related to pharmacodynamic interaction while the interaction between tianeptine and sildenafil was, at least in part, pharmacokinetic in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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26
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Oreščanin-Dušić Z, Miljević CD, Slavić M, Nikolić-Kokić A, Paskulin R, Blagojević D, Lečić-Toševski D, Spasić MB. Tianeptine's effects on spontaneous and Ca2+-induced uterine smooth muscle contraction. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2012; 99:140-147. [PMID: 22849838 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.99.2012.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tianeptine is a novel anti-depressant with an efficacy equivalent to that of classical anti-depressants. Additional beneficial effects include neuroprotection, anti-stress and anti-ulcer properties whose molecular mechanisms are still not completely understood but may involve changes in the anti-oxidant defence system. Herein, we have studied the effects of tianeptine on both contractile activity of isolated rat uteri and components of the endogenous anti-oxidative defence system. Tianeptine-induced dose-dependent inhibition of both spontaneous and Ca2+-induced contraction of uterine smooth muscle. The effect was more pronounced in the latter. Tianeptine treatment increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities in spontaneous and Ca2+-stimulated uteri. A significant decrease in glutathione-reductase (GR) activity in both spontaneous and Ca2+-induced uterine contractions after tianeptine treatment indicated a reduction in reduced glutathione and consequently a shift toward a more oxidised state in the treated uteri. In spontaneously contracting uteri, tianeptine caused a decrease in copper-zinc SOD (CuZnSOD) activity. Tianeptine's anti-depressant effects may be accomplished by triggering a cascade of cellular adaptations including inhibition of smooth muscle contractility and an adequate anti-oxidative protection response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorana Oreščanin-Dušić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142 11000, [corrected] Belgrade, Serbia.
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27
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Park YM, Lee SH, Park EJ. Usefulness of LDAEP to predict tolerability to SSRIs in major depressive disorder: a case report. Psychiatry Investig 2012; 9:80-2. [PMID: 22396689 PMCID: PMC3285746 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2012.9.1.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here a patient with major depressive disorder who experienced severe adverse effects after the administration of SSRIs (serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors) without improvement of his depressive symptoms. These adverse effects disappeared and his depressive symptoms improved after discontinuation of the SSRIs and the administration of tianeptine. The patient exhibited a low value for the loudness dependent of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) -0.14 at baseline, which means that his central serotonergic neurotransmission was already highly active. We assumed that it was this high serotonergic activity that rendered him unresponsive to SSRIs, and brought on him the adverse effects, and that the tianeptine was effective due to the lack of serotonin reuptake inhibitory action. Thus, we suggest that LDAEP can be used to predict an individual patient's tolerability and clinical response to SSRIs in major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
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28
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Bilge SS, Bozkurt A, Ilkaya F, Ciftcioğlu E, Kesim Y, Uzbay TI. The antinociceptive effects of intravenous tianeptine in colorectal distension-induced visceral pain in rats: the role of 5-HT₃ receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 681:44-9. [PMID: 22348811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tianeptine is an unusual tricyclic antidepressant drug. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antinociceptive effect of tianeptine on visceral pain in rats and to determine whether possible antinociceptive effect of tianeptine is mediated by serotonergic (5-HT(2,3)) and noradrenergic (α(1,2)) receptor subtypes. Male Sprague Dawley rats (250-300 g) were supplied with a venous catheter, for drug administrations, and enameled nichrome electrodes, for electromyography, at external oblique musculature. Colorectal distension (CRD) was employed as the noxious visceral stimulus and the visceromotor response (VMR) to CRD was quantified electromyographically before and 5, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after tianeptine administration. Antagonists were administered 10 min before tianeptine for their ability to change tianeptine antinociception. Intravenous administration of tianeptine (2.5-20 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent reduction in VMR. Administration of 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist ondansetron (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg), but not 5-HT(2) receptor antagonist ketanserine (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg), reduced the antinociceptive effect of tianeptine (10mg/kg). In addition, administration of α(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (1 mg/kg) or α(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (1 mg/kg) did not cause any significant effect on the tianeptine-induced antinociception. Our data indicate that intravenous tianeptine exerts a pronounced antinociception against CRD-induced visceral pain in rats, and suggests that the antinociceptive effect of tianeptine appears to be mediated in part by 5-HT(3) receptors, but does not involve 5-HT(2) receptors or α-adrenoceptors.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics/administration & dosage
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage
- Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Electromyography
- Injections, Intravenous
- Male
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3/metabolism
- Thiazepines/administration & dosage
- Thiazepines/pharmacology
- Time Factors
- Visceral Pain/drug therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sırrı Bilge
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Samsun, Turkey.
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29
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Beneficial Effects of Tianeptine on Hippocampus-Dependent Long-Term Memory and Stress-Induced Alterations of Brain Structure and Function. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010. [PMCID: PMC4034085 DOI: 10.3390/ph3103143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tianeptine is a well-described antidepressant which has been shown to prevent stress from producing deleterious effects on brain structure and function. Preclinical studies have shown that tianeptine blocks stress-induced alterations of neuronal morphology and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, tianeptine prevents stress from impairing learning and memory, and, importantly, demonstrates memory-enhancing properties in the absence of stress. Recent research has indicated that tianeptine works by normalizing glutamatergic neurotransmission, a mechanism of action that may underlie its effectiveness as an antidepressant. These findings emphasize the value in focusing on the mechanisms of action of tianeptine, and specifically, the glutamatergic system, in the development of novel pharmacotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of depression.
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30
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El-Setouhy DA, Abd El-Malak NS, El-Malak NSA. Formulation of a novel tianeptine sodium orodispersible film. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:1018-25. [PMID: 20532710 PMCID: PMC2974114 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken with the objective of formulating orodispersible film(s) of the antidepressant drug tianeptine sodium to enhance the convenience and compliance by the elderly and pediatric patients. The novel film former, lycoat NG73 (granular hydroxypropyl starch), along with different film-forming agents (hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol), in addition to three film modifiers; namely, maltodextrin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone K90 and lycoat RS780 (pregelatinized hydroxypropyl starch) were evaluated. Eight formulae were prepared by the solvent-casting method; and were evaluated for their in vitro dissolution characteristics, in vitro disintegration time, and their physico-mechanical properties. The promising orodispersible film based on lycoat NG73 (F1); showing the greatest drug dissolution, satisfactory in vitro disintegration time and physico-mechanical properties that are suitable for orodispersible films, was evaluated for its bioavailability compared with a reference marketed product (Stablon® tablets) in rabbits. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the bioavailability parameters (C(max) (ng/ml), t(max) (h), AUC(0-t) (ng hml(-1)), and AUC(0-∞) (ng hml(-1))] of the test film (F1) and the reference product. The mean ratio values (test/reference) of C(max) (89.74%), AUC(0-t) (110.9%), and AUC(0-∞) (109.21%) indicated that the two formulae exhibited comparable plasma level-time profiles. These findings suggest that the fast orodispersible film containing tianeptine is likely to become one of choices for acute treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Ahmed El-Setouhy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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31
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Carvalho RS, de Souza CM, Neves JCS, Holanda-Pinto SA, Pinto LMS, Brito GAC, de Andrade GM. Effect of venlafaxine on bone loss associated with ligature-induced periodontitis in Wistar rats. J Negat Results Biomed 2010; 9:3. [PMID: 20546603 PMCID: PMC2895576 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5751-9-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study investigated the effects of venlafaxine, an antidepressant drug with immunoregulatory properties on the inflammatory response and bone loss associated with experimental periodontal disease (EPD). Materials and Methods Wistar rats were subjected to a ligature placement around the second upper left molar. The treated groups received orally venlafaxine (10 or 50 mg/kg) one hour before the experimental periodontal disease induction and daily for 10 days. Vehicle-treated experimental periodontal disease and a sham-operated (SO) controls were included. Bone loss was analyzed morphometrically and histopathological analysis was based on cell influx, alveolar bone, and cementum integrity. Lipid peroxidation quantification and immunohistochemistry to TNF-α and iNOS were performed. Results Experimental periodontal disease rats showed an intense bone loss compared to SO ones (SO = 1.61 ± 1.36; EPD = 4.47 ± 1.98 mm, p < 0.001) and evidenced increased cellular infiltration and immunoreactivity for TNF-α and iNOS. Venlafaxine treatment while at low dose (10 mg/kg) afforded no significant protection against bone loss (3.25 ± 1.26 mm), a high dose (50 mg/kg) caused significantly enhanced bone loss (6.81 ± 3.31 mm, p < 0.05). Venlafaxine effectively decreased the lipid peroxidation but showed no significant change in TNF-α or iNOS immunoreactivity. Conclusion The increased bone loss associated with high dose venlafaxine may possibly be a result of synaptic inhibition of serotonin uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosimary S Carvalho
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1127, CEP 60430-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Zoladz PR, Park CR, Muñoz C, Fleshner M, Diamond DM. Tianeptine: an antidepressant with memory-protective properties. Curr Neuropharmacol 2010; 6:311-21. [PMID: 19587852 PMCID: PMC2701287 DOI: 10.2174/157015908787386096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Revised: 08/15/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of effective pharmacotherapy for major depression is important because it is such a widespread and debilitating mental disorder. Here, we have reviewed preclinical and clinical studies on tianeptine, an atypical antidepressant which ameliorates the adverse effects of stress on brain and memory. In animal studies, tianeptine has been shown to prevent stress-induced morphological sequelae in the hippocampus and amygdala, as well as to prevent stress from impairing synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Tianeptine also has memory-protective characteristics, as it blocks the adverse effects of stress on hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. We have further extended the findings on stress, memory and tianeptine here with two novel observations: 1) stress impairs spatial memory in adrenalectomized (ADX), thereby corticosterone-depleted, rats; and 2) the stress-induced impairment of memory in ADX rats is blocked by tianeptine. These findings are consistent with previous research which indicates that tianeptine produces anti-stress and memory-protective properties without altering the response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to stress. We conclude with a discussion of findings which indicate that tianeptine accomplishes its anti-stress effects by normalizing stress-induced increases in glutamate in the hippocampus and amygdala. This finding is potentially relevant to recent research which indicates that abnormalities in glutamatergic neurotransmission are involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Ultimately, tianeptine’s prevention of depression-induced sequelae in the brain is likely to be a primary factor in its effectiveness as a pharmacological treatment for depression.
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Chu CC, Wang JJ, Chen KT, Shieh JP, Wang LK, Shui HA, Ho ST. Neurotrophic effects of tianeptine on hippocampal neurons: a proteomic approach. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:936-44. [PMID: 20000655 DOI: 10.1021/pr900799b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tianeptine, an atypical tricyclic antidepressant with unique characteristics, can improve memory and prevent stress-induced hippocampal damage. It has neuroplastic and neurotrophic effects on hippocampal neurons and can prevent dendritic atrophy of the hippocampus in certain pathological conditions. To obtain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, we performed a proteomic analysis on tianeptine-treated hippocampal neurons. Primary hippocampal neurons were prepared from fetal Sprague-Dawley rats, eliminating glia cells by addition of cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranoside at day 2 in vitro (DIV2). The neurons were treated with tianeptine (10 microg/mL) or vehicle at DIV3, then harvested at DIV4 or DIV9 for immunocytochemical analysis of, respectively, neurite outgrowth or synapse formation. A proteomics analysis was performed on DIV4 neurons and the data were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Using specific markers, we demonstrated that tianeptine can augment neurite growth and promote synaptic contacts in cultured hippocampal neurons. The proteomics analysis identified 11 differentially expressed proteins, with roles in neurite growth, metabolism of neurotrophic substances, synaptogenesis, and synaptic activity homeostasis. The data shed light on the mechanisms underlying the neurotrophic effect of tianeptine observed in both animal studies and the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chen Chu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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34
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McKernan DP, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. “Killing the Blues”: A role for cellular suicide (apoptosis) in depression and the antidepressant response? Prog Neurobiol 2009; 88:246-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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