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Tajabadi Farahani Z, Vaseghi S, Rajabbeigi E, Ghorbani Yekta B. The effect of olanzapine on spatial memory impairment, depressive-like behavior, pain perception, and BDNF and synaptophysin expression following childhood chronic unpredictable mild stress in adult male and female rats. Behav Brain Res 2024; 468:115039. [PMID: 38718877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) method has been introduced as a rodent model of depression. On the other hand, olanzapine, as an antipsychotic, can induce antidepressant and antipsychotic effects. Also, olanzapine may improve cognitive functions. Both CUMS and olanzapine can also affect the expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and synaptophysin, the molecular factors involved in synaptic function, and learning and memory. In this study, we investigated the effect of olanzapine on locomotor activity (using open field test), pain threshold (using hot plate), depressive-like behavior (using forced swim test), spatial learning and memory (using Morris water maze), and BDNF and synaptophysin hippocampal expression (using real-time PCR) in both male and female CUMS rats. CUMS was performed for three consecutive weeks. Olanzapine was also injected intraperitoneally at the dose of 5 mg/kg. Our data showed that olanzapine can reverse the effects of CUMS on behavioral functions and BDNF and synaptophysin expression levels in the hippocampus of both males and females. It was also shown that olanzapine effects on spatial memory, pain perception, and BDNF and synaptophysin level were stronger in females than males. In conclusion, we suggested that the therapeutic effects of olanzapine in CUMS rats may be closely related to the function of BDNF and synaptophysin. Also, the therapeutic effects of olanzapine may be stronger in females. Therefore, and for the first time, we showed that there may be a sex difference in the effects of olanzapine on behavioral and molecular changes following CUMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tajabadi Farahani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Elham Rajabbeigi
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Batool Ghorbani Yekta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Iodide intake during pregnancy and lactation stimulates KLF9, BDNF expression in offspring brain with elevated DHA, EPA metabolites. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13161. [PMID: 36816261 PMCID: PMC9932675 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of different iodide intake during pregnancy and lactation on thyroid function, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) metabolites, the expression of Krüppel-like factor KLF9 (KLF9), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in brain in offspring rats. In both male and female offspring rats, serum FT3, FT4 levels and the expression of KLF9, thyroid hormone receptors (TR)α, TRβ and BDNF in the hippocampal region and cerebellum were significantly increased in 5 times higher-than-normal pregnant iodide intake (5 HI) and 10 times higher-than-normal pregnant iodide intake (10 HI) group. The median levels of DHA metabolite (17-HDoHE) and EPA metabolites (15-HEPE, 17,18-EEQ, 9-HEPE and 14,15-DiHETE) were significantly increased in 5 HI and 10 HI group of offspring rats. Serum DHA, EPA metabolites and KLF9 as well as BDNF expression in brain might be potential iodine status biomarkers to reflect brain development in offspring.
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Gu M, Li X, Yan L, Zhang Y, Yang L, Li S, Song C. Endogenous ω-3 fatty acids in Fat-1 mice attenuated depression-like behaviors, spatial memory impairment and relevant changes induced by olfactory bulbectomy. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 171:102313. [PMID: 34246927 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Olfactory bulbectomy (OB) induced behaviors, hypercortisolism, inflammation and neurotrophin dysfunctions are similar to those observed in depressed patients. Omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can effectively treat depression via anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, n-3 PUFA purities, caloric contents, and ratios in different diets often cause contradictive results. This study used Fat-1 mice, which can convert n-6 to n-3 PUFAs in the brain, to study the effect of n-3 PUFAs on OB-induced behaviors and related changes. METHODS Fat-1 and wild-type littermates were fed safflower oil for 3 months. Behaviors were tested on day 21 after surgery. Monoamine neurotransmitters were measured by HPLC. Macrophage activity was measured by MTT assay. Astrocyte phenotypes A1 S100β, A2 BDNF and cholesterol level were measured by ELISA and total cholesterol assay kits respectively. PUFA profile and membrane fluidity were detected by GC and DPH fluorescence probe respectively. RESULTS OB significantly induced animal hyperactivity and spatial memory impairment, while decreased sucrose consumption and social contact with decreased 5-HT turnover, increased the macrophage activity and S100β/BDNF ratio. Meanwhile, n-3/n-6 PUFAs ratio and total cholesterol level were reduced in OB mice. Whereas, OB-induced behavioral changes were attenuated, which were associated with increasing 5-HT turnover, decrease macrophage activity, restored S100β/BDNF and n-3/n-6 PUFAs ratios, and total cholesterol concentrations in Fat-1 mice. CONCLUSION The present study for the first time demonstrated that endogenous n-3 PUFAs attenuated OB-induced depression-like behaviors and spatial memory impairment through modulating serotonergic and immune function, balancing the astrocyte A1/A2 phenotypes, and normalizing PUFAs profile and membrane function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqing Gu
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ling Yan
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yongping Zhang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Longen Yang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shurui Li
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China.
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Yang X, Chen Y, Wang H, Fu X, Kural KC, Cao H, Li Y. Schizophrenia Plays a Negative Role in the Pathological Development of Myocardial Infarction at Multiple Biological Levels. Front Genet 2021; 12:607690. [PMID: 34149793 PMCID: PMC8211423 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.607690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has shown that schizophrenia (SCZ) is associated with a higher chance of myocardial infarction (MI) and increased mortality. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we first constructed a literature-based genetic pathway linking SCZ and MI, and then we tested the expression levels of the genes involved in the pathway by a meta-analysis using nine gene expression datasets of MI. In addition, a literature-based data mining process was conducted to explore the connection between SCZ at different levels: small molecules, complex molecules, and functional classes. The genetic pathway revealed nine genes connecting SCZ and MI. Specifically, SCZ activates two promoters of MI (IL6 and CRP) and deactivates seven inhibitors of MI (ADIPOQ, SOD2, TXN, NGF, ADORA1, NOS1, and CTNNB1), suggesting that no protective role of SCZ in MI was detected. Meta-analysis showed that one promoter of MI (CRP) presented no significant increase, and six out of seven genetic inhibitors of MI demonstrated minor to moderately increased expression. Therefore, the elevation of CRP and inhibition of the six inhibitors of MI by SCZ could be critical pathways to promote MI. Nine other regulators of MI were influenced by SCZ, including two gene families (inflammatory cytokine and IL1 family), five small molecules (lipid peroxide, superoxide, ATP, ascorbic acid, melatonin, arachidonic acid), and two complexes (CaM kinase 2 and IL23). Our results suggested that SCZ promotes the development and progression of MI at different levels, including genes, small molecules, complex molecules, and functional classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Yang
- Department of Outpatient, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Outpatient, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiyao Wang
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Fu
- Department of Outpatient, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kamil Can Kural
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University (GMU), Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University (GMU), Fairfax, VA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Li
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Romo-Nava F, Buijs RM, McElroy SL. The use of melatonin to mitigate the adverse metabolic side effects of antipsychotics. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 179:371-382. [PMID: 34225976 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819975-6.00024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs are efficacious first-line treatments for many individuals diagnosed with a psychiatric illness. However, their adverse metabolic side-effect profile, which resembles the metabolic syndrome, represents a significant clinical problem that increases morbidity and limits treatment adherence. Moreover, the mechanisms involved in antipsychotic-induced adverse metabolic effects (AMEs) are unknown and mitigating strategies and interventions are limited. However, recent clinical trials show that nightly administration of exogenous melatonin may mitigate or even prevent antipsychotic-induced AMEs. This clinical evidence in combination with recent preclinical data implicate the circadian system in antipsychotic-induced AMEs and their mitigation. In this chapter, we provide an overview on the circadian system and its involvement in antipsychotic-induced AMEs, as well as the potential beneficial effect of nightly melatonin administration to mitigate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Romo-Nava
- Lindner Center of HOPE Research Institute, Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Susan L McElroy
- Lindner Center of HOPE Research Institute, Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Amiri S, Jafari-Sabet M, Keyhanfar F, Falak R, Shabani M, Rezayof A. Hippocampal and prefrontal cortical NMDA receptors mediate the interactive effects of olanzapine and lithium in memory retention in rats: the involvement of CAMKII-CREB signaling pathways. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1383-1396. [PMID: 31984447 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Treatment of bipolar disorder (BPD) with lithium and olanzapine concurrent administration is a major medicine issue with the elusive neurobiological mechanisms underlying the cognitive function. OBJECTIVE To clarify the precise mechanisms involved, the possible role of the hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortical (PFC) NMDA receptors and CAMKII-CREB signaling pathway in the interactive effects of lithium and olanzapine in memory consolidation was evaluated. The dorsal hippocampal CA1 regions of adult male Wistar rats were bilaterally cannulated and a step-through inhibitory avoidance apparatus was used to assess memory consolidation. The changes in p-CAMKII/CAMKII and p-CREB/CREB ratio in the HPC and the PFC were measured by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Post-training administration of lithium (20, 30, and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently decreased memory consolidation whereas post-training administration olanzapine (2 and 5 mg/kg, i.p.) increased memory consolidation. Post-training administration of certain doses of olanzapine (1, 2, and 5 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently improved lithium-induced memory impairment. Post-training administration of ineffective doses of the NMDA (10-5 and 10-4 μg/rat, intra-CA1) plus an ineffective dose of olanzapine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently improved the lithium-induced memory impairment. Post-training microinjection of ineffective doses of the NMDA (10-5 and 10-4 μg/rat, intra-CA1) dose-dependently potentiated the memory improvement induced by olanzapine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) on lithium-induced memory impairment which was associated with the enhancement of the levels of p-CAMKII and p-CREB in the HPC and the PFC. Post-training microinjection of ineffective doses of the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 (0.0625 and 0.0125 μg/rat, intra-CA1), dose-dependently decreased the memory improvement induced by olanzapine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) on lithium-induced memory impairment which was related to the reduced levels of HPC and PFC CAMKII-CREB. CONCLUSION The results strongly revealed that there is a functional interaction among lithium and olanzapine through the HPC and the PFC NMDA receptor mechanism in memory consolidation which is mediated with the CAMKII-CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Amiri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Jafari-Sabet
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Razi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fariborz Keyhanfar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Falak
- Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ameneh Rezayof
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Protein Kinase C Isozymes and Autophagy during Neurodegenerative Disease Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030553. [PMID: 32120776 PMCID: PMC7140419 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes are members of the Serine/Threonine kinase family regulating cellular events following activation of membrane bound phospholipids. The breakdown of the downstream signaling pathways of PKC relates to several disease pathogeneses particularly neurodegeneration. PKC isozymes play a critical role in cell death and survival mechanisms, as well as autophagy. Numerous studies have reported that neurodegenerative disease formation is caused by failure of the autophagy mechanism. This review outlines PKC signaling in autophagy and neurodegenerative disease development and introduces some polyphenols as effectors of PKC isozymes for disease therapy.
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NOX2-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Regulate Formyl-Peptide Receptor 1-Mediated TrkA Transactivation in SH-SY5Y Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2051235. [PMID: 31871542 PMCID: PMC6913242 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2051235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several enzymes are capable of producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), but only NADPH oxidases (NOX) generate ROS as their primary and sole function. In the central nervous system, NOX2 is the major source of ROS, which play important roles in signalling and functions. NOX2 activation requires p47phox phosphorylation and membrane translocation of cytosolic subunits. We demonstrate that SH-SY5Y cells express p47phox and that the stimulation of Formyl-Peptide Receptor 1 (FPR1) by N-fMLP induces p47phox phosphorylation and NOX-dependent superoxide generation. FPR1 is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and is able to transphosphorylate several tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs). This mechanism requires ROS as signalling intermediates and is necessary to share information within the cell. We show that N-fMLP stimulation induces the phosphorylation of cytosolic Y490, Y751, and Y785 residues of the neurotrophin receptor TrkA. These phosphotyrosines provide docking sites for signalling molecules which, in turn, activate Ras/MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and PLC-γ1/PKC intracellular cascades. N-fMLP-induced ROS generation plays a critical role in FPR1-mediated TrkA transactivation. In fact, the blockade of NOX2 functions prevents Y490, Y751, and Y785 phosphorylation, as well as the triggering of downstream signalling cascades. Moreover, we observed that FPR1 stimulation by N-fMLP also improves proliferation, cellular migration, and neurite outgrowth of SH-SY5Y cells.
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Unal G, Dokumaci AH, Ozkartal CS, Yerer MB, Aricioglu F. Famotidine has a neuroprotective effect on MK-801 induced toxicity via the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway in the SH-SY5Y cell line. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 314:108823. [PMID: 31563592 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia cannot be treated sufficiently with existing antipsychotic drugs. Taken into account that increased Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta (GSK-3β) activity is associated with schizophrenia pathophysiology and certain antipsychotics can be able to decrease GSK3β activity, inhibition of GSK-3β activity could be a novel approach for the treatment of schizophrenia. In the present study MK-801, a widely used chemical for the in vivo/in vitro modeling of schizophrenia was selected to evoke a detrimental effect on cellular survival via GSK3β and related proteins. A limited number of studies have reported the curative effects of famotidine, an antiulcer drug, in schizophrenic patients. To the best of our knowledge, no study investigated the molecular mechanism of the beneficial effect of famotidine in the patients. A recent study based on computerized drug modeling software (docking) indicated that famotidine might inhibit the GSK3β activity due to its chemical structure independent from histaminergic receptors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of famotidine on the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in the presence of MK-801. We investigated the effects of famotidine, olanzapine (an antipsychotic drug), and SB 415286 (specific GSK-3β inhibitor), on the basal cellular survival and MK-801 induced neuronal death beside of Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin protein and gene expressions in SH-SY5Y cells. Cell viability, protein and gene expressions were determined by the real-time cell analysis (xCELLigence) system, western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reactions (Rt-PCR), respectively. Our findings suggested that MK-801 administration decreased cell survival probably via the increasing GSK-3β gene expression and activity in the SH-SY5Y cells. Pre-treatments with famotidine, olanzapine, and SB 415286 prevented MK-801 induced cell death via inhibitory effects on the MK-801 induced GSK-3β activity. Overall, the present results suggest that famotidine has a neuroprotective effect against MK-801 via modulation of the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, an important mechanism in schizophrenia neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Unal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Alim Hüseyin Dokumaci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ceren Sahin Ozkartal
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mukerrem Betul Yerer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Feyza Aricioglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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He M, Huang XF, Gao G, Zhou T, Li W, Hu J, Chen J, Li J, Sun T. Olanzapine-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in the hypothalamus were inhibited by an ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 104:286-299. [PMID: 30927713 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotics are the most important treatment for schizophrenia. However, antipsychotics, particularly olanzapine and clozapine, are associated with severe weight gain/obesity side-effects. Although numerous studies have been carried out to identify the exact mechanisms of antipsychotic-induced weight gain, it is still important to consider other pathways. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling and its associated inflammation pathway is one of the most important pathways involved in regulation of energy balance. In the present study, we examined the role of hypothalamic protein kinase R like endoplasmic reticulum kinase- eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (PERK-eIF2α) signaling and the inflammatory IkappaB kinase β- nuclear factor kappa B (IKKβ-NFκB) signaling pathway in olanzapine-induced weight gain in female rats. In this study, we found that olanzapine significantly activated PERK-eIF2α and IKKβ-NFκB signaling in SH-SY5Y cells in a dose-dependent manner. Olanzapine treatment for 8 days in rats was associated with activated PERK-eIF2α signaling and IKKβ-NFκB signaling in the hypothalamus, accompanied by increased food intake and weight gain. Co-treatment with an ER stress inhibitor, 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), decreased olanzapine-induced food intake and weight gain in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, 4-PBA dose-dependently inhibited olanzapine-induced activated PERK-eIF2α and IKKβ-NFκB signaling in the hypothalamus. These results suggested that hypothalamic ER stress may play an important role in antipsychotic-induced weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng He
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Guanbin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenting Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinqi Hu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Wuhan Seventh Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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11
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Kowalchuk C, Kanagasundaram P, Belsham DD, Hahn MK. Antipsychotics differentially regulate insulin, energy sensing, and inflammation pathways in hypothalamic rat neurons. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 104:42-48. [PMID: 30802709 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Second generation antipsychotic (AP)s remain the gold-standard treatment for schizophrenia and are widely used on- and off-label for other psychiatric illnesses. However, these agents cause serious metabolic side-effects. The hypothalamus is the primary brain region responsible for whole body energy regulation, and disruptions in energy sensing (e.g. insulin signaling) and inflammation in this brain region have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance and obesity. To elucidate mechanisms by which APs may be causing metabolic dysregulation, we explored whether these agents can directly impact energy sensing and inflammation in hypothalamic neurons. METHODS The rat hypothalamic neuronal cell line, rHypoE-19, was treated with olanzapine (0.25-100 uM), clozapine (2.5-100 uM) or aripiprazole (5-20 uM). Western blots measured the energy sensing protein AMPK, components of the insulin signaling pathway (AKT, GSK3β), and components of the MAPK pathway (ERK1/2, JNK, p38). Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to determine changes in the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). RESULTS Olanzapine (100 uM) and clozapine (100, 20 uM) significantly increased pERK1/2 and pJNK protein expression, while aripiprazole (20 uM) only increased pJNK. Clozapine (100 uM) and aripiprazole (5 and 20 uM) significantly increased AMPK phosphorylation (an orexigenic energy sensor), and inhibited insulin-induced phosphorylation of AKT. Olanzapine (100 uM) treatment caused a significant increase in IL-6 while aripiprazole (20 uM) significantly decreased IL-10. Olanzapine (100 uM) and aripiprazole (20 uM) increased BDNF expression. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that antipsychotics can directly regulate insulin, energy sensing, and inflammatory pathways in hypothalamic neurons. Increased MAPK activation by all antipsychotics, alongside olanzapine-associated increases in IL-6, and aripiprazole-associated decreases in IL-10, suggests induction of pro-inflammatory pathways. Clozapine and aripiprazole inhibition of insulin-stimulated pAKT and increases in AMPK phosphorylation (an orexigenic energy sensor) suggests impaired insulin action and energy sensing. Conversely, olanzapine and aripiprazole increased BDNF, which would be expected to be metabolically beneficial. Overall, our findings suggest differential effects of antipsychotics on hypothalamic neuroinflammation and energy sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel Kowalchuk
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Pruntha Kanagasundaram
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Margaret K Hahn
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.
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12
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Huang E, Hettige NC, Zai G, Tomasi J, Huang J, Zai CC, Pivac N, Nikolac Perkovic M, Tiwari AK, Kennedy JL. BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and clinical response to antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients: a meta-analysis. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2018; 19:269-276. [PMID: 30181602 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-018-0041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission by modulating dopaminergic neuron differentiation and establishment. Multiple studies have analyzed the functional BDNF Val66Met variant in relation to antipsychotic response in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients, yielding mixed results. A meta-analysis was thus performed to examine the relationship between this variant and symptom improvement during antipsychotic treatment. Searches using PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo until October 2017 yielded 11 studies that met inclusion criteria (total n = 3774). These studies investigated the BDNF Val66Met variant and antipsychotic response in patients with SCZ or schizoaffective disorder. Responders to antipsychotics were defined using the original criteria applied in each study. Effect sizes were computed using odds ratios, which were pooled according to the Mantel-Haenszel method. The BDNF Val66Met variant was not associated with the total number of responders and non-responders (p > 0.05) under dominant, recessive, or allelic models. Secondary analyses stratifying for individuals of each ethnicity and drug type also revealed no significant associations. Our findings suggest that the BDNF Val66Met variant is not associated with response to antipsychotics in individuals with SCZ. However, considering the current sample size, small effects cannot be ruled out. Moreover, recent studies have suggested that Val66Met forms haplotypes with other BDNF variants. Future studies should examine the Val66Met variant in conjunction with these other variants in relation to antipsychotic response. Moreover, since illness duration appears to influence BDNF levels in SCZ patients, future studies should aim to control for this potential confounding factor in response analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Huang
- Psychiatric Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nuwan C Hettige
- Psychiatric Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gwyneth Zai
- Psychiatric Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Tomasi
- Psychiatric Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Huang
- Psychiatric Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clement C Zai
- Psychiatric Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nela Pivac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Arun K Tiwari
- Psychiatric Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Psychiatric Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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13
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Wang H, Xu J, Lazarovici P, Quirion R, Zheng W. cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein (CREB): A Possible Signaling Molecule Link in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:255. [PMID: 30214393 PMCID: PMC6125665 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is a brain neurotransmitter involved in the pathology of schizophrenia. The dopamine hypothesis states that, in schizophrenia, dopaminergic signal transduction is hyperactive. The cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) is an intracellular protein that regulates the expression of genes that are important in dopaminergic neurons. Dopamine affects the phosphorylation of CREB via G protein-coupled receptors. Neurotrophins, such as brain derived growth factor (BDNF), are critical regulators during neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity. The CREB is one of the major regulators of neurotrophin responses since phosphorylated CREB binds to a specific sequence in the promoter of BDNF and regulates its transcription. Moreover, susceptibility genes associated with schizophrenia also target and stimulate the activity of CREB. Abnormalities of CREB expression is observed in the brain of individuals suffering from schizophrenia, and two variants (-933T to C and -413G to A) were found only in schizophrenic patients. The CREB was also involved in the therapy of animal models of schizophrenia. Collectively, these findings suggest a link between CREB and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This review provides an overview of CREB structure, expression, and biological functions in the brain and its interaction with dopamine signaling, neurotrophins, and susceptibility genes for schizophrenia. Animal models in which CREB function is modulated, by either overexpression of the protein or knocked down through gene deletion/mutation, implicating CREB in schizophrenia and antipsychotic drugs efficacy are also discussed. Targeting research and drug development on CREB could potentially accelerate the development of novel medications against schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Remi Quirion
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
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14
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Park SW, Seo MK, McIntyre RS, Mansur RB, Lee Y, Lee JH, Park SC, Huh L, Lee JG. Effects of olanzapine and haloperidol on mTORC1 signaling, dendritic outgrowth, and synaptic proteins in rat primary hippocampal neurons under toxic conditions. Neurosci Lett 2018; 686:59-66. [PMID: 30149032 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that antipsychotic drugs may activate mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in neurons. However, the relationship between mTORC1 signaling activation and currently prescribed antipsychotic drugs remains incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to determine whether alterations in the level of mTORC1 signaling occur after rat primary hippocampal neurons are treated with olanzapine and haloperidol under toxic conditions. Additionally, we investigated whether these drugs affect dendritic outgrowth and synaptic protein expression through the mTORC1 signaling pathway. We measured changes in mTORC1-mediated and synaptic proteins by Western blotting assay under toxic conditions induced by B27 deprivation. Dendritic outgrowth was determined by a neurite assay. Olanzapine significantly increased the phosphorylated levels of mTORC1, its downstream effectors, and its upstream activators. The increased mTORC1 phosphorylation induced by olanzapine was significantly blocked by specific PI3K, MEK, or mTORC1 inhibitors. Olanzapine also increased dendritic outgrowth and synaptic proteins levels; all of these effects were blocked by rapamycin. However, haloperidol had none of these effects. We demonstrated that olanzapine, but not haloperidol, activated the mTORC1 signaling pathway and increased dendritic outgrowth and synaptic proteins by activating mTORC1 signaling in rat primary hippocampal neurons. These findings suggest that olanzapine affects neuroplasticity by activating mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Park
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Seo
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jae-Hon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Cheol Park
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lyang Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Goo Lee
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Reddy NR, Krishnamurthy S. Repeated olanzapine treatment mitigates PTSD like symptoms in rats with changes in cell signaling factors. Brain Res Bull 2018; 140:365-377. [PMID: 29902501 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is an anxiety disorder with prolonged distortion of rational behavior. In this study, we report the preclinical potential of olanzapine (OLZ) in the treatment of PTSD. Since the atypical antipsychotics have modulating effects on cell protective and destructive factors, we tested the effects of OLZ in PTSD regarding these cell modulating factors. Rats, when subjected to stress-restress (SRS) model of PTSD, showed a derangement in cell protective factors like the decline in BDNF, ERK, and CREB. While the adversarial factors like caspase-3 were enhanced. Four weeks treatment with OLZ at doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg significantly mitigated the SRS-induced derangement related to PTSD. OLZ at doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg enhanced BDNF, ERK and CREB levels which were reduced by SRS in PTSD animals. Further, at the fore mentioned doses it also inhibited the elevation of caspase-3 a downstream apoptotic factor. Besides, OLZ also showed mitigation in behavioral alterations related to anxiety and memory brought about by PTSD. These effects of OLZ were comparable to that of paroxetine a clinically approved drug for PTSD in terms of biochemical and behavioral assessments indicating its anti-PTSD potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagannathahalli Ranga Reddy
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, U.P., 221 005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, U.P., 221 005, India.
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16
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Saxena A, Scaini G, Bavaresco DV, Leite C, Valvassori SS, Carvalho AF, Quevedo J. Role of Protein Kinase C in Bipolar Disorder: A Review of the Current Literature. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2017; 3:108-124. [PMID: 29230399 DOI: 10.1159/000480349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a major health problem. It causes significant morbidity and imposes a burden on the society. Available treatments help a substantial proportion of patients but are not beneficial for an estimated 40-50%. Thus, there is a great need to further our understanding the pathophysiology of BD to identify new therapeutic avenues. The preponderance of evidence pointed towards a role of protein kinase C (PKC) in BD. We reviewed the literature pertinent to the role of PKC in BD. We present recent advances from preclinical and clinical studies that further support the role of PKC. Moreover, we discuss the role of PKC on synaptogenesis and neuroplasticity in the context of BD. The recent development of animal models of BD, such as stimulant-treated and paradoxical sleep deprivation, and the ability to intervene pharmacologically provide further insights into the involvement of PKC in BD. In addition, the effect of PKC inhibitors, such as tamoxifen, in the resolution of manic symptoms in patients with BD further points in that direction. Furthermore, a wide variety of growth factors influence neurotransmission through several molecular pathways that involve downstream effects of PKC. Our current understanding identifies the PKC pathway as a potential therapeutic avenue for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Saxena
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniela V Bavaresco
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Camila Leite
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Samira S Valvassori
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - André F Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil.,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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17
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Dietary eicosapentaenoic acid normalizes hippocampal omega-3 and 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid profile, attenuates glial activation and regulates BDNF function in a rodent model of neuroinflammation induced by central interleukin-1β administration. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:1781-1791. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Romo-Nava F, Buijs FN, Valdés-Tovar M, Benítez-King G, Basualdo M, Perusquía M, Heinze G, Escobar C, Buijs RM. Olanzapine-induced early cardiovascular effects are mediated by the biological clock and prevented by melatonin. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28226198 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Second generation antipsychotics (SGA) are associated with adverse cardiometabolic side effects contributing to premature mortality in patients. While mechanisms mediating these cardiometabolic side effects remain poorly understood, three independent studies recently demonstrated that melatonin was protective against cardiometabolic risk in SGA-treated patients. As one of the main target areas of circulating melatonin in the brain is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), we hypothesized that the SCN is involved in SGA-induced early cardiovascular effects in Wistar rats. We evaluated the acute effects of olanzapine and melatonin in the biological clock, paraventricular nucleus and autonomic nervous system using immunohistochemistry, invasive cardiovascular measurements, and Western blot. Olanzapine induced c-Fos immunoreactivity in the SCN followed by the paraventricular nucleus and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus indicating a potent induction of parasympathetic tone. The involvement of a SCN-parasympathetic neuronal pathway after olanzapine administration was further documented using cholera toxin-B retrograde tracing and vasoactive intestinal peptide immunohistochemistry. Olanzapine-induced decrease in blood pressure and heart rate confirmed this. Melatonin abolished olanzapine-induced SCN c-Fos immunoreactivity, including the parasympathetic pathway and cardiovascular effects while brain areas associated with olanzapine beneficial effects including the striatum, ventral tegmental area, and nucleus accumbens remained activated. In the SCN, olanzapine phosphorylated the GSK-3β, a regulator of clock activity, which melatonin prevented. Bilateral lesions of the SCN prevented the effects of olanzapine on parasympathetic activity. Collectively, results demonstrate the SCN as a key region mediating the early effects of olanzapine on cardiovascular function and show melatonin has opposing and potentially protective effects warranting additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Romo-Nava
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Laboratory, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México city, DF, México
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México city, DF, México
- Division of Bipolar Disorder Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Frederik N Buijs
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Laboratory, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México city, DF, México
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, BA, The Netherlands
| | - Marcela Valdés-Tovar
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México city, DF, México
| | - Gloria Benítez-King
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México city, DF, México
| | - MariCarmen Basualdo
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Laboratory, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México city, DF, México
| | - Mercedes Perusquía
- Endocrinology of Reproduction Laboratory, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM, México city, DF, México
| | - Gerhard Heinze
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México city, DF, México
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México city, DF, México
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Laboratory, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México city, DF, México
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19
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Data-Franco J, Singh A, Popovic D, Ashton M, Berk M, Vieta E, Figueira ML, Dean OM. Beyond the therapeutic shackles of the monoamines: New mechanisms in bipolar disorder biology. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 72:73-86. [PMID: 27616052 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple novel biological mechanisms putatively involved in the etiology of bipolar disorders are being explored. These include oxidative stress, altered glutamatergic neurotransmission, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, cell signaling, apoptosis and impaired neurogenesis. Important clinical translational potential exists for such mechanisms to help underpin development of novel therapeutics - much needed given limitations of current therapies. These new mechanisms also help improve our understanding of how current therapeutics might exert their effects. Lithium, for example, appears to have antioxidant, immunomodulatory, signaling, anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective properties. Similar properties have been attributed to other mood stabilizers such as valproate, lamotrigine, and quetiapine. Perhaps of greatest translational value has been the recognition of such mechanisms leading to the emergence of novel therapeutics for bipolar disorders. These include the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, the anti-inflammatory celecoxib, and ketamine - with effects on the glutamatergic system and microglial inhibition. We review these novel mechanisms and emerging therapeutics, and comment on next steps in this space.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Data-Franco
- Psychiatric Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal; University of Lisbon, Faculty of Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ajeet Singh
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, VIC, Australia
| | - Dina Popovic
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatry Division, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Melanie Ashton
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, VIC, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, VIC, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M L Figueira
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Olivia M Dean
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, VIC, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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20
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Song JC, Seo MK, Park SW, Lee JG, Kim YH. Differential Effects of Olanzapine and Haloperidol on MK-801-induced Memory Impairment in Mice. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 14:279-85. [PMID: 27489382 PMCID: PMC4977819 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2016.14.3.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the differential effects of the antipsychotic drugs olanzapine and haloperidol on MK-801-induced memory impairment and neurogenesis in mice. METHODS MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) was administered 20 minutes prior to behavioral testing over 9 days. Beginning on the sixth day of MK-801 treatment, either olanzapine (0.05 mg/kg) or haloperidol (0.05 mg/kg) was administered 40 minutes prior to MK-801 for the final 4 days. Spatial memory performance was measured using a Morris water maze (MWM) test for 9 days (four trials/day). Immunohistochemistry with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was used to identify newborn cells labeled in tissue sections from the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. RESULTS MK-801 administration over 9 days significantly impaired memory performance in the MWM test compared to untreated controls (p<0.05) and these deficits were blocked by treatment with olanzapine (p<0.05) but not haloperidol. The administration of MK-801 also resulted in a decrease in the number of BrdU-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus (28.6%; p<0.01), which was prevented by treatment with olanzapine (p<0.05) but not haloperidol. CONCLUSION These results suggest that olanzapine has a protective effect against cognitive impairments induced by MK-801 in mice via the stimulating effects of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Chun Song
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Seo
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jung Goo Lee
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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21
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Farashi S, Ohadi M, Hosseinkhani S, Darvish H, Mirabzadeh A. Decreased gene expression activity as a result of a mutation in the calreticulin gene promoter in a family case of schizoaffective disorder. Cogn Neurodyn 2016; 10:269-74. [PMID: 27275382 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-015-9366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence of population association studies support the hypothesis that the high heritability of major psychiatric disorders is a combination of relatively common alleles of modest effect, and rare alleles some with relatively larger effects. We have previously reported low frequency mutations in the proximal promoter of the human calreticulin (CALR) gene that co-occur with the spectrum of major psychiatric disorders. One of those mutations at -205C>T (rs556992558) was detected in an isolate case of schizoaffective disorder. In the current study, the functional implication of mutation -205T is studied in the human neuronal cell lines LAN-5, BE(2)-C and HEK-293. In contrast with other mutations in the promoter region which increase gene expression activity, the -205T mutation significantly decreased gene expression in those cell lines in comparison with the wild-type -205C nucleotide (p < 0.000001, p < 0.0005, and p < 0.017, respectively). Treatment of the cell lines with the mood-stabilizing drug, valproic acid (VPA) resulted in differential gene expression activity in the mutant -205T versus the wild-type -205C construct. VPA increased gene expression activity in both constructs, while a significantly higher expression activity was observed in the mutant construct (p < 0.01), indicative of the creation of a positive effector binding site for VPA as a result of the -205T mutation. We conclude that deviation from normalcy in the level of CALR in either direction is associated with major psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Farashi
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ; Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ohadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biophysics & Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Darvish
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Mirabzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cargnin S, Massarotti A, Terrazzino S. BDNF Val66Met and clinical response to antipsychotic drugs: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Psychiatry 2016; 33:45-53. [PMID: 26854986 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polymorphic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene has been postulated to be involved in inter-individual variability response to antipsychotic drugs. PURPOSE To perform a qualitative and quantitative synthesis of studies evaluating the influence of BDNF genetic variation on clinical response to antipsychotics. METHODS The review protocol was published in the PROSPERO database (Reg. n(o) CRD42015024614). A comprehensive search was performed through PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane databases up to July 2015. The methodological quality of identified studies was assessed using the MINORS criteria. Publication bias was estimated and potential sources of heterogeneity were investigated via meta-regression, subgroup and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS Nine studies including a total of 2461 antipsychotic-treated patients fulfilled inclusion criteria for meta-analysis of BDNF Val66Met. Using the random-effects model, the pooled results showed no significant association with antipsychotic response for the dominant (Met carriers vs Val/Val, OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.72-1.19, P=0.55), codominant (Met/Met vs Val/Val, OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.59-1.15, P=0.25), recessive (Met/Met vs Val carriers, OR: 0.81, 95% CI 0.60-1.10, P=0.18) or the allelic contrast (Met vs Val, OR: 0.92, 95% CI 0.76-1.10, P=0.34). Visual inspection of funnel plots and further evaluation with Egger's test did not suggest evidence of publication bias. Despite lack of significant heterogeneity in most comparisons, no evidence of association also emerged in the subgroup and sensitivity analyses conducted. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis excludes a clinically relevant effect of BDNF Val66Met on antipsychotic drug response per se. Nevertheless, further investigation is still needed to clarify in well-designed, large sample-based studies, the impact of BDNF haplotypes containing the Val66Met polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cargnin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco and Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Farmacogenetica e Farmacogenomica (CRIFF), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - A Massarotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco and Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Farmacogenetica e Farmacogenomica (CRIFF), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - S Terrazzino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco and Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Farmacogenetica e Farmacogenomica (CRIFF), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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Vucicevic L, Misirkic-Marjanovic M, Paunovic V, Kravic-Stevovic T, Martinovic T, Ciric D, Maric N, Petricevic S, Harhaji-Trajkovic L, Bumbasirevic V, Trajkovic V. Autophagy inhibition uncovers the neurotoxic action of the antipsychotic drug olanzapine. Autophagy 2015; 10:2362-78. [PMID: 25551567 DOI: 10.4161/15548627.2014.984270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of autophagy, a controlled cellular self-digestion process, in regulating survival of neurons exposed to atypical antipsychotic olanzapine. Olanzapine induced autophagy in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line, as confirmed by the increase in autophagic flux and presence of autophagic vesicles, fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, and increase in the expression of autophagy-related (ATG) genes ATG4B, ATG5, and ATG7. The production of reactive oxygen species, but not modulation of the main autophagy repressor MTOR or its upstream regulators AMP-activated protein kinase and AKT1, was responsible for olanzapine-triggered autophagy. Olanzapine-mediated oxidative stress also induced mitochondrial depolarization and damage, and the autophagic clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria was confirmed by electron microscopy, colocalization of autophagosome-associated MAP1LC3B (LC3B henceforth) and mitochondria, and mitochondrial association with the autophagic cargo receptor SQSTM1/p62. While olanzapine-triggered mitochondrial damage was not overtly toxic to SH-SY5Y cells, their death was readily initiated upon the inhibition of autophagy with pharmacological inhibitors, RNA interference knockdown of BECN1 and LC3B, or biological free radical nitric oxide. The treatment of mice with olanzapine for 14 d increased the brain levels of autophagosome-associated LC3B-II and mRNA encoding Atg4b, Atg5, Atg7, Atg12, Gabarap, and Becn1. The administration of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine significantly increased the expression of proapoptotic genes (Trp53, Bax, Bak1, Pmaip1, Bcl2l11, Cdkn1a, and Cdkn1b) and DNA fragmentation in the frontal brain region of olanzapine-exposed animals. These data indicate that olanzapine-triggered autophagy protects neurons from otherwise fatal mitochondrial damage, and that inhibition of autophagy might unmask the neurotoxic action of the drug.
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Key Words
- AKT1, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- APAF1, apoptotic protease activating factor 1
- ATG, autophagy-related
- BAD, BCL2-associated agonist of cell death
- BAK1, BCL2-antagonist/killer 1
- BAX, BCL2-associated X protein
- BBC3, BCL2 binding component 3
- BCL2, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2
- BCL2L1, BCL2-like 1
- BCL2L11, BCL2-like 11 (apoptosis facilitator)
- BECN1, Beclin 1, autophagy-related
- BIRC5, baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5
- CDKN1A, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1)
- CDKN1B, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27, Kip1)
- CFLAR/FLIP, CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator
- COX4I1/COX IV, cytochrome c oxidase IV isoform 1
- DEA-NONOate, diethylamine NONOate
- DHR, dihydrorhodamine 123
- FOXO, forkhead box O
- GABARAP, GABA(A) receptor-associated protein
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MAP1LC3B, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 β
- MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- PAPA-NONOate, propylamine propylamine NONOate
- PMAIP1, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RPS6KB1/S6K1, ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70kDa, polypeptide 1
- SQSTM1
- SQSTM1/p62, sequestosome 1
- TRP53, transformation related protein 53 (mouse ortholog of human TP53, tumor protein p53)
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- XIAP, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis
- antipsychotic
- apoptosis
- autophagy
- mitophagy
- neurotoxicity
- nitric oxide, NO
- olanzapine
- oxidative stress
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubica Vucicevic
- a Institute for Biological Research ; University of Belgrade ; Belgrade , Serbia
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Du X, Hill R. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone as a pro-neurotrophic treatment for neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurochem Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Sriretnakumar V, Huang E, Müller DJ. Pharmacogenetics of clozapine treatment response and side-effects in schizophrenia: an update. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:1709-31. [PMID: 26364648 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1075003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clozapine (CLZ) is the most effective treatment for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (SCZ) patients, with potential added benefits of reduction in suicide risk and aggression. However, CLZ is also mainly underused due to its high risk for the potentially lethal side-effect of agranulocytosis as well as weight gain and related metabolic dysregulation. Pharmacogenetics promises to enable the prediction of patient treatment response and risk of adverse effects based on patients' genetics, paving the way toward individualized treatment. AREA COVERED This article reviews pharmacogenetics studies of CLZ response and side-effects with a focus on articles from January 2012 to February 2015, as an update to the previous reviews. Pharmacokinetic genes explored primarily include CYP1A2, while pharmacodynamic genes consisted of traditional pharmacogenetic targets such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor as well novel mitochondrial genes, NDUFS-1 and translocator protein. EXPERT OPINION Pharmacogenetics is a promising avenue for individualized medication of CLZ in SCZ, with several consistently replicated gene variants predicting CLZ response and side-effects. However, a large proportion of studies have yielded mixed results. Large-scale Genome-wide association studies (e.g., CRESTAR) and targeted gene studies with standardized designs (response measurements, treatment durations, plasma level monitoring) are required for further progress toward clinical translation. Additionally, in order to improve study quality, we recommend accounting for important confounders, including polypharmacy, baseline measurements, treatment duration, gender, and age at onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venuja Sriretnakumar
- a 1 Campbell Family Research Institute, Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, Ontario, Canada +1 416 535 8501 ; +1 416 979 4666 ; .,b 2 University of Toronto, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology , Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Huang
- a 1 Campbell Family Research Institute, Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, Ontario, Canada +1 416 535 8501 ; +1 416 979 4666 ; .,c 3 University of Toronto, Institute of Medical Sciences , Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel J Müller
- a 1 Campbell Family Research Institute, Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto, Ontario, Canada +1 416 535 8501 ; +1 416 979 4666 ; .,c 3 University of Toronto, Institute of Medical Sciences , Ontario, Canada.,d 4 University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry , Ontario, Canada
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Association between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism and therapeutic response to olanzapine in schizophrenia patients. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:3757-64. [PMID: 24595507 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that plays a major role in neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, and in the modulation of several neurotransmitter systems including the dopaminergic system. There are mixed reports about the association between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, schizophrenia, and treatment response to antipsychotic drugs. OBJECTIVES The present study evaluated the association of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism with treatment response to atypical antipsychotic olanzapine in schizophrenia and the possible predictive value of the BDNF Val66Met genotype status in treatment response to antipsychotic medication. METHODS The study included 590 ethnically homogenous Caucasian patients with schizophrenia (diagnosed using the SCID), 40.2 ± 12.0 years old, treated with olanzapine monotherapy (10-20 mg/day), or with other antipsychotics such as risperidone (3-6 mg/day), clozapine (100-500 mg/day), haloperidol (3-115 mg/day), fluphenazine (4-25 mg/day), and quetiapine (50-800 mg/day). Patients were subdivided into responders and non-responders according to a 50 % reduction in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total and subscale scores after 8 weeks of treatment. RESULTS The results, corrected for possible effects of gender and age, showed a significant association between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and treatment response to olanzapine in patients. The Val/Val genotype was observed more frequently in treatment responders to olanzapine, and this genotype was associated with an improvement in clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that BDNF Val66Met variants might influence the response to 8 weeks of monotherapy with olanzapine, in a relatively large sample of patients with schizophrenia.
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Kao ACC, Müller DJ. Genetics of antipsychotic-induced weight gain: update and current perspectives. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 14:2067-83. [PMID: 24279860 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic medications are used to effectively treat various symptoms for different psychiatric conditions. Unfortunately, antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) is a common side effect that frequently results in obesity and secondary medical conditions. Twin and sibling studies have indicated that genetic factors are likely to be highly involved in AIWG. Over recent years, there has been considerable progress in this area, with several consistently replicated findings, as well as the identification of new genes and implicated pathways. Here, we will review the most recent genetic studies related to AIWG using the Medline database (PubMed) and Google Scholar. Among the steadiest findings associated with AIWG are serotonin 2C receptors (HTR2C) and leptin promoter gene variants, with more recent studies implicating MTHFR and, in particular, MC4R genes. Additional support was reported for the HRH1, BDNF, NPY, CNR1, GHRL, FTO and AMPK genes. Notably, some of the reported variants appear to have relatively large effect sizes. These findings have provided insights into the mechanisms involved in AIWG and will help to develop predictive genetic tests in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C C Kao
- Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Foley DL, Mackinnon A. A systematic review of antipsychotic drug effects on human gene expression related to risk factors for cardiovascular disease. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2014; 14:446-51. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2014.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Calati R, Crisafulli C, Balestri M, Serretti A, Spina E, Calabrò M, Sidoti A, Albani D, Massat I, Höfer P, Amital D, Juven-Wetzler A, Kasper S, Zohar J, Souery D, Montgomery S, Mendlewicz J. Evaluation of the role of MAPK1 and CREB1 polymorphisms on treatment resistance, response and remission in mood disorder patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 44:271-8. [PMID: 23537502 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Treatment resistant depression (TRD) is a significant clinical and public health problem. Among others, neuroplasticity and inflammatory pathways seem to play a crucial role in the pathomechanisms of antidepressant efficacy. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within two genes implicated in neuroplasticity and inflammatory processes (the mitogen activated protein kinase 1, MAPK1 (rs3810608, rs6928, rs13515 and rs8136867), and the cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein 1, CREB1 (rs889895, rs6740584, rs2551922 and rs2254137)) was associated with antidepressant treatment resistance (according to two different definitions), in 285 Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients. As secondary aims, we investigated the genetic modulation of the same SNPs on response, remission and other clinical features both in MDD patients and in a larger sample including 82 Bipolar Disorder (BD) patients as well. All patients were screened in the context of a European multicenter project. No association between both the investigated genes and treatment resistance and response was found in MDD patients. However, considering remission, higher rates of CREB1 rs889895 GG genotype were reported in MDD patients. Moreover, MAPK1 rs8136867 AG genotype was found to be associated with remission in the whole sample (MDD and BD). Present results suggest that some genetic polymorphisms in both CREB1 and MAPK1 could be associated with treatment remission. Although further research is needed to draw more definitive conclusions, such results are intriguing since suggest a potential role of two genes implicated in neuroplasticity and inflammatory processes in symptom remission after antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Calati
- IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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30
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Zai GCM, Zai CCH, Chowdhury NI, Tiwari AK, Souza RP, Lieberman JA, Meltzer HY, Potkin SG, Müller DJ, Kennedy JL. The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene variants in antipsychotic response and antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 39:96-101. [PMID: 22642961 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has extensive effects on the nervous system including cell survival, differentiation, neuronal growth and maintenance, as well as cell death. Moreover, it promotes synaptic plasticity and interacts with dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons, suggesting an important role on the alteration of brain function with antipsychotic medications and induced weight gain in schizophrenia patients. The differential effects of BDNF gene variants could lead to changes in brain circuitry that would in turn cause variable response to antipsychotic medication. Therefore, we hypothesized that genetic variation in this candidate gene helps in explaining the inter-individual variation observed in antipsychotic drug treatment with respect to response and induced weight gain. METHOD We examined four single-nucleotide polymorphisms across the BDNF gene, including Val66Met (rs6265). Prospective BPRS change scores and weight change after six weeks were obtained from a total of 257 schizophrenia patients of European ancestry. RESULTS The markers rs11030104 and Val66Met were associated with antipsychotic response (P=0.04; 0.007, respectively). On the other hand, marker rs1519480 was associated with weight gain (P=0.04). Moreover, a two-marker haplotype across rs6265 and rs1519480 was associated with weight change (P=0.001). Results with Val66Met in response, and results with rs6265-rs1519480 haplotypes remained significant at the modified Bonferroni corrected alpha of 0.017. CONCLUSION BDNF genetic variants might play an important role in predicting antipsychotic response and antipsychotic-induced weight gain. However, replication in larger and independent samples is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyneth C M Zai
- Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
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Réus GZ, Abelaira HM, Agostinho FR, Ribeiro KF, Vitto MF, Luciano TF, Souza CTD, Quevedo J. The administration of olanzapine and fluoxetine has synergistic effects on intracellular survival pathways in the rat brain. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:1029-35. [PMID: 22575330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several studies have emerged suggesting a role of the intracellular survival pathways in the treatment of mood disorders. In addition, the beneficial effects of using a combination of antipsychotics and antidepressants have been shown. With this in mind, we evaluated the effects of the acute administration of fluoxetine (FLX), olanzapine (OLZ) and the combination of fluoxetine/olanzapine on the brain-derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding (CREB), Protein Kinase B (PKB, Akt), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD) in the rat brain. Adult Wistar rats received an acute injection of OLZ (3 or 6 mg/kg) and/or FLX (12.5 or 25 mg/kg), and were evaluated for Akt, BDNF, CREB, Bcl-2 and BAD protein levels in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Our results showed that treatment with FLX and OLZ alone or in combination increased the Akt, CREB, BDNF, Bcl-2 and BAD levels in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. However, the combination of FLX and OLZ at high doses was associated with a greater increase in the levels of Akt in the prefrontal cortex, and did not have an effect on the levels of BAD in any of the brain areas that we evaluated. Finally, these findings further support the hypothesis that treatment with FLX and OLZ alone or in combination exert neuroprotective effects, and that intracellular survival pathways could be involved in the therapeutic effects of combining antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Z Réus
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), and Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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Zheng W, Wang H, Zeng Z, Lin J, Little PJ, Srivastava LK, Quirion R. The possible role of the Akt signaling pathway in schizophrenia. Brain Res 2012; 1470:145-58. [PMID: 22771711 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Serine/threonine protein kinase v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (Akt) is one of the survival kinases with multiple biological functions in the brain and throughout the body. Schizophrenia is one of the most devastating psychiatric disorders. Accumulating evidence has indicated the involvement of the Akt signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Genetic linkage and association studies have identified Akt-1 as a candidate susceptibility gene related for schizophrenia. The level of Akt-1 protein and its kinase activity decreased significantly both in white blood cells from schizophrenic patients and in postmortem brain tissue of schizophrenic patients. Consistent with these findings, alterations in the upstream and downstream pathways of Akt have also been found in many psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, both typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs modify the Akt signaling pathway in a variety of conditions relative to schizophrenia. In addition as a survival kinase, Akt participates in neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity, protein synthesis and neurotransmission in the central nervous system. It is thought that reduced activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway could at least partially explain the cognitive impairment, synaptic morphologic abnormality, neuronal atrophy and dysfunction of neurotransmitter signaling in schizophrenia. In addition, reduced levels of Akt may increase the effects of risk factors on neurodevelopment, attenuate the effects of growth factors on neurodevelopment and reduce the response of patients to antipsychotic agents. More recently, the role of Akt signaling in the functions of schizophrenia susceptibility genes such as disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC-1), neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) and dysbindin-1 has been reported. Thus, Akt deficiency may create a context permissive for the expression of risk-gene effects in neuronal morphology and function. This paper reviews the role of Akt in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and as a potential therapeutic strategy targeting Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zheng
- Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Park SW, Phuong VT, Lee CH, Lee JG, Seo MK, Cho HY, Fang ZH, Lee BJ, Kim YH. Effects of antipsychotic drugs on BDNF, GSK-3β, and β-catenin expression in rats subjected to immobilization stress. Neurosci Res 2011; 71:335-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Support for down-tuning of the calreticulin gene in the process of human evolution. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:1770-3. [PMID: 21723904 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-specific expression of the CALR gene in the brain gray matter in late-adolescence and early adulthood coincides with the expression of the psychoses phenotypes. Indeed, increased expression of the chaperone genes in the prefrontal cortex has been reported in patients affected by schizophrenia. We have previously reported cases of psychosis-associated mutations in the CALR gene promoter. One of those mutations at -48 was found to increase the expression of the gene in comparison with the wild type sequence. A recently identified mutation at -220 reverts the conserved block harboring nucleotide -220 to the ancestral type, and has an approximate prevalence of 0.7% in psychoses. In this study, we analyzed the functional implication of this mutation in the human neuroblastoma cell line BE(2)-C, and non-neural Human Embryonic Kidney 293 (HEK-293), and show that the -220A mutation results in a constitutive increase in the expression of the CALR gene (p<0.0003). We checked homology of the first 1000-bp CALR promoter sequence across species, and found that nucleotide -220C is the only human-unique nucleotide in that stretch. The -220A mutation, on the other hand, co-occurs with severe cognition deficit in humans, and is the rule across the species except humans. To our knowledge, the -220A mutation is the first reported instance of a cognition-deficit-associated mutation which reverses a human gene promoter to the primitive type. It may be speculated that, at least the basal transcription of the CALR gene, relating to the proximal promoter region, has been decreased during the process of evolution to humans.
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Yang YQ, Sun S, Yu YQ, Li WJ, Zhang X, Xiu MH, Chen DC, De Yang F, Liu H, Li C, Kosten TR, Zhang XY. Decreased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia. Neurosci Lett 2011; 502:37-40. [PMID: 21798311 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of tardive dyskinesia (TD) may involve neurodegeneration and associated dysfunction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) for the survival and maintenance of function in neurons. We therefore compared serum BDNF levels in schizophrenic patients with (n=129) and without TD (n=235), and normal controls (n=323). Assessments included the abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS) and the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). Our results were that patients with TD had lower serum BDNF levels than those without TD and normals. Lower serum BDNF levels were correlated with greater PANSS negative subscores, but not correlated with the AIMS scores. Serum BDNF levels did not differ between patients on typical and atypical antipsychotics and were not correlated with antipsychotic doses or years of exposure. We concluded that decreased BDNF levels might be associated with TD pathophysiology and more negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu Yang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Moderate Environmental Enrichment Mitigates Tauopathy in a Neurofibrillary Tangle Mouse Model. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2011; 70:610-21. [DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e318221bfab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Agostinho FR, Réus GZ, Stringari RB, Ribeiro KF, Pfaffenseller B, Stertz L, Panizzutti BS, Kapczinski F, Quevedo J. Olanzapine plus fluoxetine treatment increases Nt-3 protein levels in the rat prefrontal cortex. Neurosci Lett 2011; 497:99-103. [PMID: 21545827 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is emerging for a role for neurotrophins in the treatment of mood disorders. In this study, we evaluated the effects of chronic administration of fluoxetine, olanzapine and the combination of fluoxetine/olanzapine on the brain-derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in the rat brain. Wistar rats received daily injections of olanzapine (3 or 6 mg/kg) and/or fluoxetine (12.5 or 25mg/kg) for 28 days, and we evaluated for BDNF, NGF and NT-3 protein levels in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. Our results showed that treatment with fluoxetine and olanzapine alone or in combination did not alter BDNF in the prefrontal cortex (p=0.37), hippocampus (p=0.98) and amygdala (p=0.57) or NGF protein levels in the prefrontal cortex (p=0.72), hippocampus (p=0.23) and amygdala (p=0.64), but NT-3 protein levels were increased by olanzapine 6 mg/kg/fluoxetine 25mg/kg combination in the prefrontal cortex (p=0.03), in the hippocampus (p=0.83) and amygdala (p=0.88) NT-3 protein levels did not alter. Finally, these findings further support the hypothesis that NT-3 could be involved in the effect of treatment with antipsychotic and antidepressant combination in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano R Agostinho
- Laboratório de Neurociências and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Park SW, Lee CH, Lee JG, Kim LW, Shin BS, Lee BJ, Kim YH. Protective effects of atypical antipsychotic drugs against MPP+-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells. Neurosci Res 2011; 69:283-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Naoi M, Maruyama W, Inaba-Hasegawa K, Akao Y. Type A monoamine oxidase regulates life and death of neurons in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2011; 100:85-106. [PMID: 21971004 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386467-3.00005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, type B monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) is proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis through production of reactive oxygen species and neurotoxins from protoxicants, such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. In addition, inhibitors of MAO-B protect neurons in the cellular and animal models of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. However, the role of type A MAO (MAO-A) in neuronal death and neuroprotection by MAO-B inhibitors has been scarcely elucidated. This chapter presents our recent results on the involvement of MAO-A in the activation of mitochondrial death signal pathway and in the induction of prosurvival genes to prevent cell death with MAO-B inhibitors. The roles of MAO-A in the regulation of neuronal survival and death are discussed in concern to find a novel strategy to protect neurons in age-associated neurodegenerative disorders and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Naoi
- Department of Neurosciences, Gifu International Institute of Biotechnology, Kakamigahara, Gifu, Japan
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