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Harris C, Kober KM, Paul SM, Cooper BA, Shin J, Oppegaard K, Morse L, Calvo-Schimmel A, Conley Y, Levine JD, Miaskowski C. Neurotransmitter Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Symptom Clusters in Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy. Semin Oncol Nurs 2023; 39:151461. [PMID: 37419849 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2023.151461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Purpose was to evaluate for associations between the severity of three distinct symptom clusters (ie, sickness-behavior, mood-cognitive, treatment-related) and polymorphisms for 16 genes involved in catecholaminergic, GABAergic, and serotonergic neurotransmission. DATA SOURCES Patients with breast and prostate cancer (n = 157) completed study questionnaires at the completion of radiation therapy. Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale was used to assess the severity of 32 common symptoms. Three distinct symptom clusters were identified using exploratory factor analysis. Associations between the symptom cluster severity scores and neurotransmitter gene polymorphisms were evaluated using regression analyses. CONCLUSION Severity scores for the sickness-behavior symptom cluster were associated with polymorphisms for solute carrier family 6 (SLC6A) member 2 (SLC6A2), SLC6A3, SLC6A1, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (HTR) 2A (HTR2A) genes. For the mood-cognitive symptom cluster, severity scores were associated with polymorphisms for adrenoreceptor alpha 1D, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A1, HTR2A, and HTR3A. Severity scores for the treatment-related symptom cluster were associated with polymorphisms for SLC6A2, SLC6A3, catechol-o-methyltransferase, SLC6A1, HTR2A, SLC6A4, and tryptophan hydroxylase 2. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Findings suggest that polymorphisms for several neurotransmitter genes are involved in the severity of sickness-behavior, mood-cognitive, and treatment-related symptom clusters in oncology patients at the completion of radiation therapy. Four genes with various associated polymorphisms were common across the three distinct symptom clusters (ie, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A1, HTR2A) which suggest that these clusters have common underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Harris
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kord M Kober
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Steven M Paul
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Bruce A Cooper
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Joosun Shin
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Kate Oppegaard
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Lisa Morse
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Alejandra Calvo-Schimmel
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Yvette Conley
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jon D Levine
- Department of Medicine, School of Nursing and School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Christine Miaskowski
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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2
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Goodspeed K, Mosca LR, Weitzel NC, Horning K, Simon EW, Pfalzer AC, Xia M, Langer K, Freed A, Bone M, Picone M, Bichell TJV. A draft conceptual model of SLC6A1 neurodevelopmental disorder. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1026065. [PMID: 36741059 PMCID: PMC9893116 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1026065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction SLC6A1 Neurodevelopmental Disorder (SLC6A1-NDD), first described in 2015, is a rare syndrome caused by a mutation in the SLC6A1 gene which encodes for the GABA Transporter 1 (GAT-1) protein. Epilepsy is one of the most common symptoms in patients and is often the primary treatment target, though the severity of epilepsy is variable. The impact of seizures and other symptoms of SLC6A1-NDD on patients and caregivers is wide-ranging and has not been described in a formal disease concept study. Methods A literature search was performed using the simple search term, "SLC6A1." Papers published before 2015, and those which did not describe the human neurodevelopmental disorder were removed from analysis. Open-ended interviews on lived experiences were conducted with two patient advocate key opinion leaders. An analysis of de-identified conversations between families of people with SLC6A1-NDD on social media was performed to quantify topics of concern. Results Published literature described symptoms in all of the following domains: neurological, visual, motor, cognitive, communication, behavior, gastrointestinal, sleep, musculo-skeletal, and emotional in addition to epilepsy. Key opinion leaders noted two unpublished features: altered hand use in infants, and developmental regression with onset of epilepsy. Analysis of social media interactions confirmed that the core symptoms of epilepsy and autistic traits were prominent concerns, but also demonstrated that other symptoms have a large impact on family life. Discussion For rare diseases, analysis of published literature is important, but may not be as comprehensive as that which can be gleaned from spontaneous interactions between families and through qualitative interviews. This report reflects our current understanding of the lived experience of SLC6A1-NDD. The discrepancy between the domains of disease reported in the literature and those discussed in patient conversations suggests that a formal qualitative interview-based disease concept study of SLC6A1-NDD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Goodspeed
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Kimberly Goodspeed,
| | - Lindsay R. Mosca
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Nicole C. Weitzel
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Elijah W. Simon
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Maya Xia
- COMBINEDBrain, Brentwood, TN, United States
| | - Katherine Langer
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Megan Bone
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Maria Picone
- TREND Community, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Kalvakuntla S, Lee M, Chung WK, Demarest S, Freed A, Horning KJ, Bichell TJ, Iannaccone ST, Goodspeed K. Patterns of developmental regression and associated clinical characteristics in SLC6A1-related disorder. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1024388. [PMID: 36895422 PMCID: PMC9990465 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1024388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction SLC6A1-related disorder is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder that is caused by loss of function variants in the SLC6A1 gene. Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 1 (SLC6A1) gene encodes for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter type 1 (GAT1), which is responsible for reuptake of GABA from the synaptic cleft. Tight regulation of GABA levels plays an important role in brain development by balancing inhibitory and excitatory neuronal signaling. Consequently, individuals with SLC6A1-related disorder can have manifestations such as developmental delay, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, and a subset have developmental regression. Methods In this study, we identified patterns of developmental regression among a cohort of 24 patients with SLC6A1-related disorder and assessed for clinical characteristics associated with regression. We reviewed medical records of patients with SLC6A1-related disorder and divided subjects into two groups: 1) regression group and 2) control group. We described the patterns of developmental regression including whether there was a trigger prior to the regression, multiple episodes of regression, and whether or not skills were recovered. We assessed the relationship of clinical characteristics among the regression and control groups including demographic factors, seizures, developmental milestone acquisition, gastrointestinal problems, sleep problems, autism spectrum disorder, and behavioral problems. Results Individuals with developmental regression had a loss of skills that were previously mastered in developmental domains including speech and language, motor, social, and adaptive skills. The mean age at regression was 2.7 years and most subjects had regression of language or motor skills triggered by seizures, infection, or spontaneously. Although there was no significant difference in clinical characteristics between the two groups, there was a higher prevalence of autism and severe language impairment in the regression group. Discussion Future studies of a larger cohort of patients are required to make definitive conclusions. Developmental regression is often a sign of severe neurodevelopmental disability in genetic syndromes, but it is poorly understood in SLC6A1-related disorder. Understanding the patterns of developmental regression and the associated clinical characteristics in this rare disorder will be important to medical management, prognostication, and could impact the design of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Kalvakuntla
- Medical School, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - MinJae Lee
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Scott Demarest
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Precision Medicine Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | | | | | - Susan T Iannaccone
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Kimberly Goodspeed
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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4
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Mamiya PC, Richards TL, Edden RAE, Lee AKC, Stein MA, Kuhl PK. Reduced Glx and GABA Inductions in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Caudate Nucleus Are Related to Impaired Control of Attention in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094677. [PMID: 35563067 PMCID: PMC9100027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs the control of attention and behavioral inhibition in affected individuals. Recent genome-wide association findings have revealed an association between glutamate and GABA gene sets and ADHD symptoms. Consistently, people with ADHD show altered glutamate and GABA content in the brain circuitry that is important for attention control function. Yet, it remains unknown how glutamate and GABA content in the attention control circuitry change when people are controlling their attention, and whether these changes can predict impaired attention control in people with ADHD. To study these questions, we recruited 18 adults with ADHD (31-51 years) and 16 adults without ADHD (28-54 years). We studied glutamate + glutamine (Glx) and GABA content in the fronto-striatal circuitry while participants performed attention control tasks. We found that Glx and GABA concentrations at rest did not differ between participants with ADHD or without ADHD. However, while participants were performing the attention control tasks, participants with ADHD showed smaller Glx and GABA increases than participants without ADHD. Notably, smaller GABA increases in participants with ADHD significantly predicted their poor task performance. Together, these findings provide the first demonstration showing that attention control deficits in people with ADHD may be related to insufficient responses of the GABAergic system in the fronto-striatal circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping C. Mamiya
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Todd L. Richards
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Richard A. E. Edden
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Adrian K. C. Lee
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Mark A. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Patricia K. Kuhl
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
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5
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Bukina ES, Kondratyev NV, Kozin SV, Golimbet VE, Artyuhov AS, Dashinimaev EB. SLC6A1 and Neuropsychiatric Diseases: The Role of Mutations and Prospects for Treatment with Genome Editing Systems. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Increased locomotor activity via regulation of GABAergic signalling in foxp2 mutant zebrafish-implications for neurodevelopmental disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:529. [PMID: 34650032 PMCID: PMC8517032 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) have identified the transcription factor FOXP2 as one of numerous risk genes, e.g. in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). FOXP2 function is suggested to be involved in GABAergic signalling and numerous studies demonstrate that GABAergic function is altered in NDDs, thus disrupting the excitation/inhibition balance. Interestingly, GABAergic signalling components, including glutamate-decarboxylase 1 (Gad1) and GABA receptors, are putative transcriptional targets of FOXP2. However, the specific role of FOXP2 in the pathomechanism of NDDs remains elusive. Here we test the hypothesis that Foxp2 affects behavioural dimensions via GABAergic signalling using zebrafish as model organism. We demonstrate that foxp2 is expressed by a subset of GABAergic neurons located in brain regions involved in motor functions, including the subpallium, posterior tuberculum, thalamus and medulla oblongata. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing we generated a novel foxp2 zebrafish loss-of-function mutant that exhibits increased locomotor activity. Further, genetic and/or pharmacological disruption of Gad1 or GABA-A receptors causes increased locomotor activity, resembling the phenotype of foxp2 mutants. Application of muscimol, a GABA-A receptor agonist, rescues the hyperactive phenotype induced by the foxp2 loss-of-function. By reverse translation of the therapeutic effect on hyperactive behaviour exerted by methylphenidate, we note that application of methylphenidate evokes different responses in wildtype compared to foxp2 or gad1b loss-of-function animals. Together, our findings support the hypothesis that foxp2 regulates locomotor activity via GABAergic signalling. This provides one targetable mechanism, which may contribute to behavioural phenotypes commonly observed in NDDs.
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7
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Liu J, He Y, Shen Y, Zhou Y, Meng T, Xiao B, Cui X, Fang Y, Lu J, Xiang YT, Luo X. Association of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With Events Occurring During Pregnancy and Perinatal Period. Front Psychol 2021; 12:707500. [PMID: 34621214 PMCID: PMC8491652 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationship of events occurring during pregnancy and perinatal period with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not clear. Thus, the focus of the current study was to examine the effects of events occurring during pregnancy and perinatal period on ADHD. Methods: A two-phase cross-sectional study was performed across 13 schools in Changsha and Yiyang cities from March to December, 2014. We preliminarily screened all students using CBCL and established the diagnosis using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). A total of 3,418 questionnaires were effectively completed in this study. Results: History of threatened abortion (TA) [odds ratio (OR): 1.707 (1.201–2.426)] (vs. No-TA) and neonatal asphyxia (NA) [OR: 2.497(1.225–5.09)] (vs. health) showed a positive association with ADHD. On subgroup analysis, TA [OR: 2.216 (1.458–3.369)] (vs. No-TA) was a risk factor for ADHD without comorbidity; instrumental delivery [OR: 2.748 (1.057–7.142)] (vs. natural birth) and NA [OR: 2.789 (1.222–6.361)] (vs. health) were risk factors for ADHD in the subgroup of ADHD with comorbidity; TA (vs. no-TA) and NA (vs. health) were risk factors for ADHD among male students [ORs: 2.232 (1.439–3.462) and 2.808 (1.115–7.068), respectively], while low birth weight (LBW) (vs. normal birth weight) was a risk factor [OR: 2.054 (1.063–3.967)] for ADHD among female students. Conclusion: TA was a risk factor for ADHD in the absence of comorbid conditions; instrumental delivery and NA were risk factors for ADHD in the subgroup of ADHD with comorbidity; TA and NA were risk factors for ADHD among male students. LBW was a risk factor for ADHD among female students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Liu
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, School of Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuqiong He
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Yanmei Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanyue Zhou
- Mental Health Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Meng
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Xilong Cui
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Yumin Fang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, School of Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, SAR China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
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8
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Kahen A, Kavus H, Geltzeiler A, Kentros C, Taylor C, Brooks E, Green Snyder L, Chung W. Neurodevelopmental phenotypes associated with pathogenic variants in SLC6A1. J Med Genet 2021; 59:536-543. [PMID: 34006619 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-107694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SLC6A1 encodes GAT-1, a major gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter in the brain. GAT-1 maintains neurotransmitter homeostasis by removing excess GABA from the synaptic cleft. Pathogenic variants in SLC6A1 disrupt the reuptake of GABA and are associated with a neurobehavioural phenotype. METHODS Medical history interviews, seizure surveys, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Second Edition and other behavioural surveys were completed by primary care givers of 28 participants in Simons Searchlight. All participants underwent clinical whole exome sequencing or gene panel sequencing. Additional cases from the medical literature with comparable data were included. RESULTS We identified 28 individuals with largely de novo pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants including missense (15/21 or 71%) and truncating variants (6/21 or 29%). Missense variants were largely clustered around the sixth and seventh transmembrane domains, which functions as a GABA binding pocket. The phenotype of individuals with pathogenic variants in SLC6A1 includes hypotonia, intellectual disability/developmental delay, language disorder/speech delay, autism spectrum disorder, sleep issues and seizures. CONCLUSION Pathogenic variants in SLC6A1 are associated with a clinical phenotype of developmental delay, behaviour problems and seizures. Understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlation within SLC6A1 may provide opportunities to develop new treatments for GABA-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Kahen
- College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Haluk Kavus
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexa Geltzeiler
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Catherine Kentros
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cora Taylor
- Pediatric Psychology, Geisinger Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Brooks
- Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Wendy Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA .,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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9
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Zhang Q, Chen X, Li S, Yao T, Wu J. Association between the group III metabotropic glutamate receptor gene polymorphisms and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and functional exploration of risk loci. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 132:65-71. [PMID: 33068816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Existing evidence suggests that the group III metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) gene variations are involved in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but few studies have fully explored this association. We conducted a case-control study with 617 cases and 636 controls to investigate the association between functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the group III mGluR gene polymorphisms (GRM4, GRM7, GRM8) and ADHD in the Chinese Han population and initially explored the function of positive SNPs. The GRM4 rs1906953 T genotype showed a significant association with a decreased risk of ADHD (TT:CC, OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.40-0.77; recessive model, OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.43-0.78). GRM7 rs9826579 C showed a significant association with an increased risk of ADHD (TC:TT, OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.39-2.36; dominant model, OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.35-2.24; additive model, OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.24-1.97). In addition, compared with subjects with the rs1906953 TT genotype, subjects with of the CC genotype showed more obvious attention deficit behaviours and hyperactivity/impulsive behaviours. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays showed that a promoter reporter with the rs1906953 TT genotype significantly decreased luciferase activity compared with the CC genotype. According to electrophoretic mobility shift assays, the binding capacity of rs1906953 T probe with nucleoprotein was lower than that of the rs1906953 C probe. Our results revealed the association of GRM4 rs1906953 and GRM7 rs9826579 with ADHD. Moreover, we found that rs1906953 disturbs the transcriptional activity of GRM4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanyawen Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Pedersen AF, Meyer DN, Petriv AMV, Soto AL, Shields JN, Akemann C, Baker BB, Tsou WL, Zhang Y, Baker TR. Nanoplastics impact the zebrafish (Danio rerio) transcriptome: Associated developmental and neurobehavioral consequences. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115090. [PMID: 32693326 PMCID: PMC7492438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are a ubiquitous pollutant detected not only in marine and freshwater bodies, but also in tap and bottled water worldwide. While MPs have been extensively studied, the toxicity of their smaller counterpart, nanoplastics (NPs), is not well documented. Despite likely large-scale human and animal exposure to NPs, the associated health risks remain unclear, especially during early developmental stages. To address this, we investigated the health impacts of exposures to both 50 and 200 nm polystyrene NPs in larval zebrafish. From 6 to 120 h post-fertilization (hpf), developing zebrafish were exposed to a range of fluorescent NPs (10-10,000 parts per billion). Dose-dependent increases in accumulation were identified in exposed larval fish, potentially coinciding with an altered behavioral response as evidenced through swimming hyperactivity. Notably, exposures did not impact mortality, hatching rate, or deformities; however, transcriptomic analysis suggests neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction at both high and low concentrations. Furthermore, results of this study suggest that NPs can accumulate in the tissues of larval zebrafish, alter their transcriptome, and affect behavior and physiology, potentially decreasing organismal fitness in contaminated ecosystems. The uniquely broad scale of this study during a critical window of development provides crucial multidimensional characterization of NP impacts on human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Pedersen
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Danielle N Meyer
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Department of Pharmacology - School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield, Detroit, MI, 28201, USA
| | - Anna-Maria V Petriv
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Abraham L Soto
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Jeremiah N Shields
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Camille Akemann
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Department of Pharmacology - School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield, Detroit, MI, 28201, USA
| | - Bridget B Baker
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Wei-Ling Tsou
- Department of Pharmacology - School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield, Detroit, MI, 28201, USA
| | - Yongli Zhang
- College of Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr, Detroit, MI, 28201, USA
| | - Tracie R Baker
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Department of Pharmacology - School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield, Detroit, MI, 28201, USA.
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11
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Concurrent pathogenic variants in SLC6A1/NOTCH1/PRIMPOL genes in a Chinese patient with myoclonic-atonic epilepsy, mild aortic valve stenosis and high myopia. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:93. [PMID: 32375772 PMCID: PMC7203802 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic SLC6A1 variants have been reported in patients with myoclonic-atonic epilepsy (MAE). NOTCH1, encoding a member of the Notch family of proteins, is known to be associated with aortic valve disease. The PRIMPOL variant has only been identified in Chinese patients with high myopia. Exome sequencing analysis now allows the simultaneous detection of multiple genetic etiologies for patients with complicated clinical features. However, the presence of three Mendelian disorders in one patient supported by their respective pathogenic variants and clinical phenotypes is very rare. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we report a 4-year-old Chinese boy who presented with MAE, delayed language, borderline intellectual disability (ID), mildly impaired social skills and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). He also had mild aortic valve stenosis and high myopia. Using whole-exome sequencing (WES), we identified three variants: (1) SLC6A1, NM_003042.4: c.881-883del (p.Phe294del), (2) NOTCH1, NM_017617.5:c.1100-2A > G and (3) PRIMPOL, NM_152683.4:c.265 T > G (p.Tyr89Asp). Parental Sanger sequencing confirmed that SLC6A1 and NOTCH1 variants were de novo, whereas the PRIMPOL variant was inherited from the father who also had high myopia. Furthermore, the PRIMPOL variant was absent from the genomes of the paternal grandparents, and thus was also a de novo event in the family. All three variants are classified as pathogenic. CONCLUSION The SLC6A1 variant could explain the features of MAE, delayed language, borderline ID, impaired social skills and ADHD in this patient, whereas the features of aortic valve stenosis and high myopia of the patient may be explained by variants in NOTCH1 and PRIMPOL, respectively. This case demonstrated the utility of exome sequencing in uncovering the multiple pathogenic variants in a patient with complicated phenotypes due to the blending of three Mendelian disorders.
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12
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Chen C, Cai Z, Zhuo Y, Xi M, Lin Z, Jiang F, Liu Z, Wan Y, Zheng Y, Li J, Zhou X, Zhu J, Zhong W. Overexpression of SLC6A1 associates with drug resistance and poor prognosis in prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:289. [PMID: 32252682 PMCID: PMC7137497 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 1 (SLC6A1) has been identified as a cancer-promoting gene in various human cancers, such as clear cell renal cell carcinoma and ovarian cancer. However, its roles in prostate cancer (PCa) has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and clinical significance of SLC6A1 in PCa tissues and its effect on drug resistance to docetaxel in PCa. Methods Expression patterns of SLC6A1 protein in PCa tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry based on Tissue microarray. Associations of SLC6A1 protein expression with various clinicopathological features and patients’ prognosis of PCa were also statistically evaluated based on TCGA data. Roles of SLC6A1 deregulation in prostate carcinogenesis and drug resistance was further determined in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results Based on TCGA Dataset, SLC6A1 expression was markedly higher in patients with high Gleason score, advanced clinical stage and positive biochemical recurrence than those with control features (all P < 0.05). Both unvariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that SLC6A1 expression was significantly associated with biochemical recurrence-free survival in PCa patients. In addition, enforced expression of SLC6A1 effectively promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion of PCa cells in vitro. Moreover, the inhibition of SLC6A1 suppressed the tumor growth in vivo. Additionally, immunohistochemical notches of PCNA and MMP-9 in the low-expression cluster were pointedly lower compared to those of NC group. Finally, the cell viability revealed that the overexpression of SLC6A1 obviously promoted the PCa cell resistant to docetaxel (DTX), and the transplanted tumor in the overexpression group had no significant reduction compared with the untreated group. Conclusions Our data suggest that SLC6A1 overexpression may be associated with aggressive progression and short biochemical recurrence-free survival of PCa, and may be related to the resistance to docetaxel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojiang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China.,Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiduan Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yangjia Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Ming Xi
- Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510800, China
| | - Zhuoyuan Lin
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Funeng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Zezhen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yueping Wan
- Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510800, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550002, China.
| | - Weide Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China. .,Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510800, China. .,Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China.
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13
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Musci RJ, Augustinavicius JL, Volk H. Gene-Environment Interactions in Psychiatry: Recent Evidence and Clinical Implications. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019; 21:81. [PMID: 31410638 PMCID: PMC7340157 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-1065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We identify the recent evidence for gene-by-environment interaction studies in relation to psychiatric disorders. We focus on the key genotypic data as well as environmental exposures and how they interact to predict psychiatric disorders and psychiatric symptomatology. We direct our focus on the psychiatric outcomes that were focused on by the Psychiatric Genetics Consortium. RECENT FINDINGS Many of the studies focus on candidate gene approaches, with most of the studies drawing upon previous literature to decide the genes of interest. Other studies used a genome-wide approach. While some studies demonstrated positive replication of previous findings, replication is still an issue within gene-by-environment interaction studies. Gene-by-environment interaction research in psychiatry globally suggests some susceptibility to environmental exposures based on genotype; however, greater clarity is needed around the idea that genetic risk may not be disorder specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashelle J. Musci
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jura L. Augustinavicius
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Heather Volk
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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14
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Huang X, Zhang Q, Chen X, Gu X, Wang M, Wu J. A functional variant in SLC1A3 influences ADHD risk by disrupting a hsa-miR-3171 binding site: A two-stage association study. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 18:e12574. [PMID: 30953407 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with high heritability. Evidence is accumulating that SLC1A3 may play a role in ADHD etiology. Therefore, a two-stage case-control study was conducted on 752 cases and 774 controls to explore the role of SLC1A3 in ADHD. Bioinformatic annotations and functional experiments were applied to reveal the potential biological mechanisms. Finally, SLC1A3 rs1049522 showed significant association with ADHD risk in two stages with CA genotype vs AA genotype, odds ratio (OR) = 0.694 (95% confidence interval, CI = 0.570-0.844) and dominant model, OR = 0.749 (95% CI = 0.621-0.904) in the combined stage. Besides, rs1049522 was found to be related to ADHD hyperactive/impulsive symptom, and rs1049522-C showed increased SLC1A3 mRNA expression in the cerebellar cortex. Dual-luciferase reporter assay further indicated that rs1049522-C allele enhanced SLC1A3 expression by disrupting the hsa-miR-3171 binding site. In conclusion, SLC1A3 variant rs1049522 was implicated in ADHD susceptibility in a Chinese Han population probably by enhancing the SLC1A3 expression in a miRNA-mediated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Gu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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15
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Liu Z, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Du Y, Zhang T, Li Z, Wu J, Wang X. Prioritized High-Confidence Risk Genes for Intellectual Disability Reveal Molecular Convergence During Brain Development. Front Genet 2018; 9:349. [PMID: 30279698 PMCID: PMC6153320 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissecting the genetic susceptibility to intellectual disability (ID) based on de novo mutations (DNMs) will aid our understanding of the neurobiological and genetic basis of ID. In this study, we identify 63 high-confidence ID genes with q-values < 0.1 based on four background DNM rates and coding DNM data sets from multiple sequencing cohorts. Bioinformatic annotations revealed a higher burden of these 63 ID genes in FMRP targets and CHD8 targets, and these genes show evolutionary constraint against functional genetic variation. Moreover, these ID risk genes were preferentially expressed in the cortical regions from the early fetal to late mid-fetal stages. In particular, a genome-wide weighted co-expression network analysis suggested that ID genes tightly converge onto two biological modules (M1 and M2) during human brain development. Functional annotations showed specific enrichment of chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation for M1 and synaptic function for M2, implying the divergent etiology of the two modules. In addition, we curated 12 additional strong ID risk genes whose molecular interconnectivity with known ID genes (q-values < 0.3) was greater than random. These findings further highlight the biological convergence of ID risk genes and help improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Liu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaoqiang Du
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongshan Li
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Wu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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16
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Dark C, Homman-Ludiye J, Bryson-Richardson RJ. The role of ADHD associated genes in neurodevelopment. Dev Biol 2018; 438:69-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Johannesen KM, Gardella E, Linnankivi T, Courage C, de Saint Martin A, Lehesjoki AE, Mignot C, Afenjar A, Lesca G, Abi-Warde MT, Chelly J, Piton A, Merritt JL, Rodan LH, Tan WH, Bird LM, Nespeca M, Gleeson JG, Yoo Y, Choi M, Chae JH, Czapansky-Beilman D, Reichert SC, Pendziwiat M, Verhoeven JS, Schelhaas HJ, Devinsky O, Christensen J, Specchio N, Trivisano M, Weber YG, Nava C, Keren B, Doummar D, Schaefer E, Hopkins S, Dubbs H, Shaw JE, Pisani L, Myers CT, Tang S, Tang S, Pal DK, Millichap JJ, Carvill GL, Helbig KL, Mecarelli O, Striano P, Helbig I, Rubboli G, Mefford HC, Møller RS. Defining the phenotypic spectrum of SLC6A1 mutations. Epilepsia 2018; 59:389-402. [PMID: 29315614 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pathogenic SLC6A1 variants were recently described in patients with myoclonic atonic epilepsy (MAE) and intellectual disability (ID). We set out to define the phenotypic spectrum in a larger cohort of SCL6A1-mutated patients. METHODS We collected 24 SLC6A1 probands and 6 affected family members. Four previously published cases were included for further electroclinical description. In total, we reviewed the electroclinical data of 34 subjects. RESULTS Cognitive development was impaired in 33/34 (97%) subjects; 28/34 had mild to moderate ID, with language impairment being the most common feature. Epilepsy was diagnosed in 31/34 cases with mean onset at 3.7 years. Cognitive assessment before epilepsy onset was available in 24/31 subjects and was normal in 25% (6/24), and consistent with mild ID in 46% (11/24) or moderate ID in 17% (4/24). Two patients had speech delay only, and 1 had severe ID. After epilepsy onset, cognition deteriorated in 46% (11/24) of cases. The most common seizure types were absence, myoclonic, and atonic seizures. Sixteen cases fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for MAE. Seven further patients had different forms of generalized epilepsy and 2 had focal epilepsy. Twenty of 31 patients became seizure-free, with valproic acid being the most effective drug. There was no clear-cut correlation between seizure control and cognitive outcome. Electroencephalography (EEG) findings were available in 27/31 patients showing irregular bursts of diffuse 2.5-3.5 Hz spikes/polyspikes-and-slow waves in 25/31. Two patients developed an EEG pattern resembling electrical status epilepticus during sleep. Ataxia was observed in 7/34 cases. We describe 7 truncating and 18 missense variants, including 4 recurrent variants (Gly232Val, Ala288Val, Val342Met, and Gly362Arg). SIGNIFICANCE Most patients carrying pathogenic SLC6A1 variants have an MAE phenotype with language delay and mild/moderate ID before epilepsy onset. However, ID alone or associated with focal epilepsy can also be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine M Johannesen
- The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark.,Institute for Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Elena Gardella
- The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark.,Institute for Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tarja Linnankivi
- Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carolina Courage
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Neuroscience Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne de Saint Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Reference Center for Rare Epilepsies, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anna-Elina Lehesjoki
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Neuroscience Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Department of Genetics, Center for Rare causes of Intellectual Disabilities and UPMC Research Group "Intellectual Disabilities and Autism", Paris, France
| | | | - Gaetan Lesca
- Departments of Genetics, Lyon University Hospitals, Lyon, France.,Claude Bernard Lyon I University, Lyon, France.,Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMRS5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Abi-Warde
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Reference Center for Rare Epilepsies, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut Génétique Biologie Moléculaire Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Laboratory of Genetic Diagnosis, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Amélie Piton
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut Génétique Biologie Moléculaire Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Laboratory of Genetic Diagnosis, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - J Lawrence Merritt
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lance H Rodan
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wen-Hann Tan
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynne M Bird
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark Nespeca
- Division of Neurology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yongjin Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Judith S Verhoeven
- Department of Neurology, Academic Center for Epileptology, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Helenius J Schelhaas
- Department of Neurology, Academic Center for Epileptology, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jakob Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicola Specchio
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Trivisano
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Yvonne G Weber
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tüebingen, Tüebingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Nava
- Department of Genetics, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Department of Genetics, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Diane Doummar
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Neuropediatric Services, Hospital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Elise Schaefer
- Medical Genetics, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Hopkins
- Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Holly Dubbs
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica E Shaw
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Pisani
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Candace T Myers
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sha Tang
- Division of Clinical Genomics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
| | - Shan Tang
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Deb K Pal
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John J Millichap
- Epilepsy Center and Division of Neurology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gemma L Carvill
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Oriano Mecarelli
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Neurophysiopathology and Neuromuscular Diseases, University of Sapeinza, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa 'G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guido Rubboli
- The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark.,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rikke S Møller
- The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark.,Institute for Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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