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Damme KSF, Han YC, Han Z, Reber PJ, Mittal VA. Motor precision deficits in clinical high risk for psychosis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:1427-1435. [PMID: 37458819 PMCID: PMC10792107 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Motor deficits appear prior to psychosis onset, provide insight into vulnerability as well as mechanisms that give rise to emerging illness, and are predictive of conversion. However, to date, the extant literature has often targeted a complex abnormality (e.g., gesture dysfunction, dyskinesia), or a single fundamental domain (e.g., accuracy) but rarely provided critical information about several of the individual components that make up more complex behaviors (or deficits). This preliminary study applies a novel implicit motor task to assess domains of motor accuracy, speed, recognition, and precision in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-p). Sixty participants (29 CHR-p; 31 healthy volunteers) completed clinical symptom interviews and a novel Serial Interception Sequence Learning (SISL) task that assessed implicit motor sequence accuracy, speed, precision, and explicit sequence recognition. These metrics were examined in multilevel models that enabled the examination of overall effects and changes in motor domains over blocks of trials and by positive/negative symptom severity. Implicit motor sequence accuracy, speed, and explicit sequence recognition were not detected as impacted in CHR-p. When compared to healthy controls, individuals at CHR-p were less precise in motor responses both overall (d = 0.91) and particularly in early blocks which normalized over later blocks. Within the CHR-p group, these effects were related to positive symptom levels (t = - 2.22, p = 0.036), such that individuals with higher symptom levels did not improve in motor precision over time (r's = 0.01-0.05, p's > 0.54). CHR-p individuals showed preliminary evidence of motor precision deficits but no other motor domain deficits, particularly in early performance that normalized with practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S F Damme
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Y Catherine Han
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ziyan Han
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Paul J Reber
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Policy Research (IPR), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Chrobak AA, Pańczyszyn-Trzewik P, Król P, Pawelec-Bąk M, Dudek D, Siwek M. New Light on Prions: Putative Role of PrP c in Pathophysiology of Mood Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2967. [PMID: 38474214 PMCID: PMC10932175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders are highly prevalent and heterogenous mental illnesses with devastating rates of mortality and treatment resistance. The molecular basis of those conditions involves complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Currently, there are no objective procedures for diagnosis, prognosis and personalization of patients' treatment. There is an urgent need to search for novel molecular targets for biomarkers in mood disorders. Cellular prion protein (PrPc) is infamous for its potential to convert its insoluble form, leading to neurodegeneration in Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. Meanwhile, in its physiological state, PrPc presents neuroprotective features and regulates neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. The aim of this study is to integrate the available knowledge about molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of PrPc on the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Our review indicates an important role of this protein in regulation of cognitive functions, emotions, sleep and biological rhythms, and its deficiency results in depressive-like behavior and cognitive impairment. PrPc plays a neuroprotective role against excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation, the main pathophysiological events in the course of mood disorders. Research indicates that PrPc may be a promising biomarker of cognitive decline. There is an urgent need of human studies to elucidate its potential utility in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Andrzej Chrobak
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21A, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (A.A.C.); (P.K.); (D.D.)
| | - Patrycja Pańczyszyn-Trzewik
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Król
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21A, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (A.A.C.); (P.K.); (D.D.)
| | - Magdalena Pawelec-Bąk
- Department of Affective Disorders, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21A, 31-501 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Dominika Dudek
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21A, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (A.A.C.); (P.K.); (D.D.)
| | - Marcin Siwek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21A, 31-501 Kraków, Poland;
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3
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Chrobak AA, Siuda-Krzywicka K, Soltys Z, Bielak S, Nowaczek D, Żyrkowska A, Fafrowicz M, Marek T, Pęcherzewska E, Kużdżał J, Starowicz-Filip A, Gorostowicz A, Dudek D, Siwek M. When practice does not make a perfect - paradoxical learning curve in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder revealed by different serial reaction time task variants. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1238473. [PMID: 37766926 PMCID: PMC10521726 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1238473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Our previous studies identified a paradoxical implicit motor learning curve in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) patients. This study aimed to verify whether those previously observed deficits may be captured by a new version of the ambidextrous serial reaction time task (SRTT), prepared for use in the MRI. Methods This study involved 186 participants. A total of 97 participants (33 BD, 33 SZ, and 31 healthy controls, HCs) completed the original, unlimited time response variant of SRTT. A total of 90 individuals (30 BD, 30 SZ, and 30 HCs) underwent a newer, limited response time version of this procedure. Results There was no significant difference in terms of implicit motor learning indices between both limited and unlimited response time SRTT. Compared to HCs, SZ, and BD patients presented decreased indices of implicit motor learning. Both clinical groups showed a paradoxical learning pattern that differed significantly from the HCs. Moreover, in the SZ group, the pattern depended on the hand performing SRTT. Discussion The limited response time SRTT variant allowed us to replicate the findings of disrupted implicit motor learning in SZ and BD. The use of this paradigm in further neuroimaging studies may help to determine the neuronal underpinnings of this cognitive dysfunction in the abovementioned clinical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zbigniew Soltys
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bielak
- Department of Adult, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital in Cracow, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Żyrkowska
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School in the Social Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Fafrowicz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Marek
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Jan Kużdżał
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Starowicz-Filip
- Medical Psychology Department, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Dominika Dudek
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Siwek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Pinto D, Martins R, Macedo A, Castelo Branco M, Valente Duarte J, Madeira N. Brain Hemispheric Asymmetry in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103421. [PMID: 37240527 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare brain asymmetry in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BPD), and healthy controls to test whether asymmetry patterns could discriminate and set boundaries between two partially overlapping severe mental disorders. METHODS We applied a fully automated voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approach to assess structural brain hemispheric asymmetry in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) anatomical scans in 60 participants (SCZ = 20; BP = 20; healthy controls = 20), all right-handed and matched for gender, age, and education. RESULTS Significant differences in gray matter asymmetry were found between patients with SCZ and BPD, between SCZ patients and healthy controls (HC), and between BPD patients and HC. We found a higher asymmetry index (AI) in BPD patients when compared to SCZ in Brodmann areas 6, 11, and 37 and anterior cingulate cortex and an AI higher in SCZ patients when compared to BPD in the cerebellum. CONCLUSION Our study found significant differences in brain asymmetry between patients with SCZ and BPD. These promising results could be translated to clinical practice, given that structural brain changes detected by MRI are good candidates for exploration as biological markers for differential diagnosis, besides helping to understand disease-specific abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Pinto
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (UC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (UC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Macedo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (UC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo Branco
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (UC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Valente Duarte
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (UC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Madeira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (UC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
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5
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Wang Z, You Z. Impacts of motor phenotype on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease 1 year after subthalamic-nucleus deep brain stimulation. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23:85-90. [PMID: 36641801 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder that affects both motor and cognitive functioning. This study aimed to examine the impact of motor phenotype on cognitive function 1 year after subthalamic-nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS). METHODS The prospectively collected data of 37 patients with PD were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two group according to their motor phenotype: the postural instability and gait disturbance (PIGD) group comprised 16 patients, and the tremor-dominant (TD) group comprised 21 patients. The clinical characteristics and cognitive functions of all patients were examined at baseline and at the 1-year follow-up after STN-DBS. RESULTS The data showed that STN-DBS significantly improved motor functions (P < 0.05). A repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated a considerable group × time interaction impact on the memory quotient score (P < 0.001) and Tmin (P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS A distinct relationship between the neuropsychological spectrum and motor phenotype of PD patients was observed at the 1-year follow-up after STN-DBS, with worse cognitive outcomes in patients with the PIGD phenotype. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 85-90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - ZhiFei You
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
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6
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Chrobak AA, Rybakowski JK, Abramowicz M, Perdziak M, Gryncewicz W, Dziuda S, Fafrowicz M, Czarnecki P, Soltys Z, Ceglarek A, Ober JK, Marek T, Dudek D, Siwek M. Vergence eye movements impairments in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:379-389. [PMID: 36323140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
One of the most evaluated eye tracking tasks in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are smooth pursuit eye movements. They rely on the maintenance of slowly moving object on the fovea. While most of the studies evaluated tracking of a target that moves in the fronto-parallel plane, only two assessed vergence eye movements (VEM), which relies on the pursuit of object that moves in depth. The aim of our study was to compare VEM performance in SZ and BD. We evaluated 28 SZ patients, 32 BD patients and 25 healthy controls (HC). Participants underwent thorough optometric examination before eye tracking task. VEM were measured with the use of infrared eye tracker and dedicated vergence stimuli generator. SZ patients showed higher mean break and recovery points of fusion and shorter correct tracking time than HC. BD individuals revealed tracking accuracy deficits and higher number of saccades than HC. Compared to BD, SZ patients showed decrease of maximal convergence and divergence. Moreover, they presented tracking accuracy deficits of non-dominant eye: altered eyes positioning error during convergence and divergence gain. Exploratory analysis revealed significant gender differences between groups in terms of binocular VEM parameters. In this study we have recognized pattern of eye movement disturbances differentiating abovementioned groups. SZ patients showed decreased vergence tracking range with shorter tracking time and impaired accuracy of non-dominant eye, while BD patients showed higher number of saccades with decreased tracking accuracy. Neuroimaging studies are necessary to identify neuronal underpinnings of VEM impairments in SZ and BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Andrzej Chrobak
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Kopernika St. 21a, 31-501, Cracow, Poland
| | - Janusz Kazimierz Rybakowski
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Szpitalna St. 27/33, 61-572, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Abramowicz
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Szpitalna St. 27/33, 61-572, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Perdziak
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Optometry, Chair of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Rokietnicka St. 5D, 60-806, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech Gryncewicz
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Księcia Trojdena St. 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Dziuda
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Szpitalna St. 27/33, 61-572, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Fafrowicz
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Applied Psychology, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Łojasiewicza St. 4, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - Paweł Czarnecki
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Księcia Trojdena St. 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Soltys
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Ceglarek
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Applied Psychology, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Łojasiewicza St. 4, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jan Krzysztof Ober
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Optometry, Chair of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Rokietnicka St. 5D, 60-806, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Marek
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Applied Psychology, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Łojasiewicza St. 4, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - Dominika Dudek
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Kopernika St. 21a, 31-501, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Siwek
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Affective Disorders, Kopernika St. 21a, 31-501, Cracow, Poland.
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7
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Chrobak AA, Siuda-Krzywicka K, Sołtys Z, Siwek GP, Bohaterewicz B, Sobczak AM, Ceglarek A, Tereszko A, Starowicz-Filip A, Fąfrowicz M, Marek T, Siwek M, Dudek D. Relationship between neurological and cerebellar soft signs, and implicit motor learning in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110137. [PMID: 33053417 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) patients share deficits in motor functions in the form of neurological (NSS) and cerebellar soft signs (CSS), and implicit motor learning disturbances. Here, we use cluster analysis method to assess (1) the relationship between those abnormalities in SZ and BD and (2) the differences between those groups. METHODS 33 SZ patients, 33 BD patients as well as 31 healthy controls (HC) took part in the study. We assessed CSS with the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) and NSS with the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES). Implicit motor learning was evaluated with the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT). Participants were divided into clusters (Ward's method) based on the mean response time and mean error rate in SRTT. The difference in ICARS and NES scores, and SRTT variables between clusters were evaluated. We have measured associations between SRTT parameters and both ICARS and NES total scores and subscores. RESULTS Cluster analysis based on the SRTT parameters allowed to extract three clusters. Those were characterized by the increasing disruption of motor functioning (psychomotor retardation, the severity of NSS and CSS) regardless of the diagnosis. Cluster 1 covered almost all of HC and was characterized by faster reaction times and small number of errors. BD and SZ patients represented in cluster 1, although fully functional in performing the SRTT, showed higher rates of NSS and CSS. Patients with BD and SZ were set apart in clusters 2 and 3 in a similar proportion. Cluster 2 presented significantly slower reaction times but with the comparable number of errors to cluster 1. Cluster 3 consisted of participants with normal or decreased reaction time and significantly increased number of errors. None of the clusters were predominantly composed of the patients representing one psychiatric diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS To our best knowledge, we are presenting the first data indicating the relationship between implicit motor learning and NSS and CSS in SZ and BD patients' groups. Lack of clusters predominantly represented by patients with the diagnosis of SZ or BD may refer to the model of schizophrenia-bipolar disorder boundary, pointing out the similarities between those two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Andrzej Chrobak
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Siuda-Krzywicka
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitie´ -Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Zbigniew Sołtys
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Department of Neuroanatomy, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Bartosz Bohaterewicz
- Jagiellonian University, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Sobczak
- Jagiellonian University, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Ceglarek
- Jagiellonian University, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Tereszko
- Department of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Starowicz-Filip
- Medical Psychology Department, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Fąfrowicz
- Jagiellonian University, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Marek
- Jagiellonian University, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Siwek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Dominika Dudek
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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8
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Scott KJ, Tashakori-Sabzevar F, Bilkey DK. Maternal immune activation alters the sequential structure of ultrasonic communications in male rats. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 16:100304. [PMID: 34589796 PMCID: PMC8474666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a risk factor for schizophrenia and many of the symptoms and neurodevelopmental changes associated with this disorder have been modelled in the rodent. While several previous studies have reported that rodent ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are affected by MIA, no previous study has examined whether MIA affects the way that individual USVs occur over time to produce vocalisation sequences. The sequential aspect of this behaviour may be particularly important because changes in sequencing mechanisms have been proposed as a core deficit in schizophrenia. The present research generates MIA with POLY I:C administered to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rat dams at GD15. Male pairs of MIA adult offspring or pairs of their saline controls were placed into a two-chamber apparatus where they were separated from each other by a perforated plexiglass barrier. USVs were recorded for a period of 10 min and automated detection and call review were used to classify short call types in the nominal 50 kHz band of social affiliative calls. Our data show that the duration of these 50-kHz USVs is longer in MIA rat pairs and the time between calls is shorter. Furthermore, the transition probability between call pairs was different in the MIA animals compared to the control group, indicating alterations in sequential behaviour. These results provide the first evidence that USV call sequencing is altered by the MIA intervention and suggest that further investigations of these temporally extended aspects of USV production are likely to reveal useful information about the mechanisms that underlie sequence generation. This is particularly important given previous research suggesting that sequencing deficits may have a significant impact on both behaviour and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David K. Bilkey
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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9
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Trofimova O, Mottaz A, Allaman L, Chauvigné LAS, Guggisberg AG. The "implicit" serial reaction time task induces rapid and temporary adaptation rather than implicit motor learning. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 175:107297. [PMID: 32822865 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The serial reaction time task (SRTT) has been widely used to induce learning of a repeated motor sequence without the participants' awareness. The task has also been of major influence for defining current concepts of offline consolidation after motor learning. The present study intended to replicate previous findings in a larger population of 53 healthy individuals. We were unable to reproduce previous results of online and offline implicit motor learning with the SRTT. Trials with a repeated sequence rapidly induced shorter reaction times compared to random trials, but this improvement was lost in a post-test obtained a few minutes after the training block. Furthermore, no offline consolidation was observed as there was no change in sequence specific reaction time gain between the post-test immediately after training and a re-test obtained 8 h after training. Online or offline learning remained absent when we modulated the number of sequence repetitions, the error levels, and the structure of random sequences. We conclude that the SRTT induces a rapid and temporary adaptation to the sequence rather than learning, since the repeated motor sequence does not seem to be encoded in memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Trofimova
- Imaging-Assisted Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anaïs Mottaz
- Imaging-Assisted Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Leslie Allaman
- Imaging-Assisted Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Léa A S Chauvigné
- Imaging-Assisted Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adrian G Guggisberg
- Imaging-Assisted Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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10
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Kéri S, Kállai I, Csigó K. Enhanced Verbal Statistical Learning in Glossolalia. Cogn Sci 2020; 44:e12865. [PMID: 32573809 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glossolalia ("speaking in tongues") is a rhythmic utterance of word-like strings of sounds, regularly occurring in religious mass gatherings or various forms of private religious practices (e.g., prayer and meditation). Although specific verbal learning capacities may characterize glossolalists, empirical evidence is lacking. We administered three statistical learning tasks (artificial grammar, phoneme sequence, and visual-response sequence) to 30 glossolalists and 30 matched control volunteers. In artificial grammar, participants decide whether pseudowords and sentences follow previously acquired implicit rules or not. In sequence learning, they gradually draw out rules from repeating regularities in sequences of speech sounds or motor responses. Results revealed enhanced artificial grammar and phoneme sequence learning performances in glossolalists compared to control volunteers. There were significant positive correlations between daily glossolalia activity and artificial grammar learning. These results indicate that glossolalists exhibit enhanced abilities to extract the statistical regularities of verbal information, which may be related to their unusual language abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Kéri
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics.,Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions.,Department of Physiology, University of Szeged
| | - Imre Kállai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Debrecen
| | - Katalin Csigó
- Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions
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11
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Ashbrook DG, Cahill S, Hager R. A Cross-Species Systems Genetics Analysis Links APBB1IP as a Candidate for Schizophrenia and Prepulse Inhibition. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:266. [PMID: 31920576 PMCID: PMC6914690 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response is a highly conserved form of sensorimotor gating, disruption of which is found in schizophrenia patients and their unaffected first-degree relatives. PPI can be measured in many species, and shows considerable phenotypic variation between and within rodent models. This makes PPI a useful endophenotype. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been carried out to identify genetic variants underlying schizophrenia, and these suggest that schizophrenia is highly polygenic. GWAS have been unable to account for the high heritability of schizophrenia seen in family studies, partly because of the low power of GWAS due to multiple comparisons. By contrast, complementary mouse model linkage studies often have high statistical power to detect variants for behavioral traits but lower resolution, producing loci that include tens or hundreds of genes. To capitalize on the advantages of both GWAS and genetic mouse models, our study uses a cross-species approach to identify novel genes associated with PPI regulation, which thus may contribute to the PPI deficits seen in schizophrenia. Results: Using experimental data from the recombinant inbred (RI) mouse panel BXD, we identified two significant loci affecting PPI. These genomic regions contain genetic variants which influence PPI in mice and are therefore candidates that may be influencing aspects of schizophrenia in humans. We next investigated these regions in whole-genome data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) schizophrenia GWAS and identify one novel candidate gene (ABPP1IP) that was significantly associated with PPI in mice and risk of schizophrenia in humans. A systems genetics approach demonstrates that APBB1IP coexpresses with several other genes related to schizophrenia in several brain regions. Gene coexpression and enrichment analysis shows clear links between APBB1IP and the immune system. Conclusion: The combination of human GWAS and mouse quantitative trait loci (QTL) from some of the largest study systems available has enabled us to identify a novel gene, APBB1IP, which influences schizophrenia in humans and PPI in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Ashbrook
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Stephanie Cahill
- Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Reinmar Hager
- Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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12
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Ji E, Guevara P, Guevara M, Grigis A, Labra N, Sarrazin S, Hamdani N, Bellivier F, Delavest M, Leboyer M, Tamouza R, Poupon C, Mangin JF, Houenou J. Increased and Decreased Superficial White Matter Structural Connectivity in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:1367-1378. [PMID: 30953566 PMCID: PMC6811818 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are often conceptualized as "disconnection syndromes," with substantial evidence of abnormalities in deep white matter tracts, forming the substrates of long-range connectivity, seen in both disorders. However, the study of superficial white matter (SWM) U-shaped short-range tracts remained challenging until recently, although findings from postmortem studies suggest they are likely integral components of SZ and BD neuropathology. This diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) study aimed to investigate SWM microstructure in vivo in both SZ and BD for the first time. We performed whole brain tractography in 31 people with SZ, 32 people with BD and 54 controls using BrainVISA and Connectomist 2.0. Segmentation and labeling of SWM tracts were performed using a novel, comprehensive U-fiber atlas. Analysis of covariances yielded significant generalized fractional anisotropy (gFA) differences for 17 SWM bundles in frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices. Post hoc analyses showed gFA reductions in both patient groups as compared with controls in bundles connecting regions involved in language processing, mood regulation, working memory, and motor function (pars opercularis, insula, anterior cingulate, precentral gyrus). We also found increased gFA in SZ patients in areas overlapping the default mode network (inferior parietal, middle temporal, precuneus), supporting functional hyperconnectivity of this network evidenced in SZ. We thus illustrate that short U-fibers are vulnerable to the pathological processes in major psychiatric illnesses, encouraging improved understanding of their anatomy and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Ji
- INSERM U955 Unit, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Team 15 “Translational Psychiatry”, Créteil, France,NeuroSpin CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France,To whom correspondence should be addressed; INSERM U955, Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, 40 rue de Mesly, Créteil 94010, France; tel: +33-1-49-81-30-51, fax: +33-1-49-81-30-59, e-mail:
| | - Pamela Guevara
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Samuel Sarrazin
- INSERM U955 Unit, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Team 15 “Translational Psychiatry”, Créteil, France,NeuroSpin CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
| | - Nora Hamdani
- INSERM U955 Unit, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Team 15 “Translational Psychiatry”, Créteil, France,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France,AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Mondor University Hospitals, School of Medicine, DHU PePsy, Créteil, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Additologique, INSERM UMR-S1144, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Marine Delavest
- AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Additologique, INSERM UMR-S1144, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- INSERM U955 Unit, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Team 15 “Translational Psychiatry”, Créteil, France,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France,AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Mondor University Hospitals, School of Medicine, DHU PePsy, Créteil, France
| | - Ryad Tamouza
- INSERM U955 Unit, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Team 15 “Translational Psychiatry”, Créteil, France,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France,AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Additologique, INSERM UMR-S1144, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Josselin Houenou
- INSERM U955 Unit, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Team 15 “Translational Psychiatry”, Créteil, France,NeuroSpin CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France,AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Mondor University Hospitals, School of Medicine, DHU PePsy, Créteil, France
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13
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Damme KSF, Gallagher N, Vargas T, Osborne KJ, Gupta T, Mittal V. Motor sequence learning and pattern recognition in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res 2019; 208:454-456. [PMID: 31000322 PMCID: PMC6549724 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Teresa Vargas
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - K. Juston Osborne
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Tina Gupta
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Vijay Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA,Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA,Institute for Policy Research (IPR), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA,Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, USA
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