Synthesis, structural characterization and properties of an optically active mononuclear Mn(IV) complex

The crystal structure of ((E)-2,4-dichloro-6-(((2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)imino)methyl)phenolato-κ 3 N,O,O′)tris(pyridine-κN)manganese(II), C28H21Cl2MnN5O4

C28H21Cl2MnN5O4, triclinic, P 1 ‾ $P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 8.9699(9) Å, b = 9.1185(9) Å, c = 17.6902(17) Å, α = 103.776(1)°, β = 92.407(1)°, γ = 99.761(1)°, V = 1379.8(2) Å3, Z = 2, R gt (F) = 0.0388, wR ref (F 2) = 0.0920, T = 296 K.

Novel chiral Schiff base Palladium(II), Nickel(II), Copper(II) and Iron(II) complexes: Synthesis, characterization, anticancer activity and molecular docking studies

In this study, two chiral Schiff base ligands (L1 and L2) were synthesized from the condensation reaction of (S)-2-amino-3-phenyl-1-propanol with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde as metal precursors for the preparation of transition metal complexes with Pd(II), Fe(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II). The compounds were characterized by using X-ray (for L1-Pd(II)), NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity, and elemental analysis. The in vitro cytotoxic effects of ligands (L1 and L2) and their metal complexes on colon cancer cells (DLD-1), breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and healthy lung human cell lines were investigated by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5‑diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Among the synthesized compounds, L1-Pd(II) was particularly found to be the most potent anticancer drug candidate in this series with IC50 values of 4.07, and 9.97 µM in DLD-1 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively. In addition, molecular docking results indicate that Glu122, Asn103, Ala104, Lys126, Phe114, Leu123, and Lys126 amino acids are the binding site of the colon cancer antigen protein, in which the most active complex, L1-Pd(II) can inhibit the current target.

Characterization, catalyzed water oxidation and anticancer activities of a NIR BODIPY-Mn polymer

To obtain near-IR absorbing biomaterials as fluorescence cellular imaging and anticancer agents for hypoxic cancer cell, a nano NIR fluorescence Mn(III/IV) polymer (PMnD) was spectroscopically characterized. The PMnD shows strong emission at 661nm when excited with 643nm. Furthermore, PMnD can catalyze water oxidation to generate dioxygen when irradiated by red LED light (10W). In particular, the PMnD can enter into HepG-2 cells and mitochondria. Both anticancer activity and the inhibition of the expression of HIF-1α for PMnD were concentration dependent. Our results demonstrate that PMnD can be developed as mitochondria targeted imaging agents and new inhibitors for HIF-1 in hypoxic cancer cells.

X-ray characterization and magnetic properties of dioxygen-bridged Cu(II) and Mn(III) Schiff base complexes

The coordination chemistry of multinuclear metal compounds is important because of their relevance to the multi-metal active sites of various metalloproteins and metalloenzymes. Multinuclear Cu(II) and Mn(III) compounds are of interest due to their various properties in the fields of coordination chemistry, inorganic biochemistry, catalysis, and optical and magnetic materials. Oxygen-bridged binuclear Mn(III) complexes generally exhibit antiferromagnetic interactions and a few examples of ferromagnetic interactions have also been reported. Binuclear Cu(II) complexes are important due to the fact that they provide examples of the simplest case of magnetic interaction involving only two unpaired electrons. Two novel dioxygen-bridged copper(II) and manganese(III) Schiff base complexes, namely bis(μ-4-bromo-2-{[(3-oxidopropyl)imino]methyl}phenolato)dicopper(II), [Cu2(C10H10BrNO2)2], (1), and bis(diaqua{4,4'-dichloro-2,2'-[(1,1-dimethylethane-1,2-diyl)bis(nitrilomethanylylidene)]diphenolato}manganese(III)) bis{μ-4,4'-dichloro-2,2'-[(1,1-dimethylethane-1,2-diyl)bis(nitrilomethanylylidene)]diphenolato}bis[aquamanganese(III)] tetrakis(perchlorate) ethanol disolvate, [Mn(C18H16Cl2N2O2)(H2O)2]2[Mn2(C18H16Cl2N2O2)2(H2O)2](ClO4)4·2C2H5OH, (2), have been synthesized and single-crystal X-ray diffraction has been used to analyze their crystal structures. The structure analyses of (1) and (2) show that each Cu(II) atom is four-coordinated, with long weak Cu...O interactions of 2.8631 (13) Å linking the dinuclear halves of the centrosymmetric tetranucelar molecules, while each Mn(III) atom is six-coordinated. The shortest intra- and intermolecular nonbonding Mn...Mn separations are 3.3277 (16) and 5.1763 (19) Å for (2), while the Cu...Cu separations are 3.0237 (3) and 3.4846 (3) Å for (1). The magnetic susceptibilities of (1) and (2) in the solid state were measured in the temperature range 2-300 K and reveal the presence of antiferromagnetic spin-exchange interactions between the transition metal ions.

X-Band Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Comparison of Mononuclear Mn(IV)-oxo and Mn(IV)-hydroxo Complexes and Quantum Chemical Investigation of Mn(IV) Zero-Field Splitting

X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to probe the ground-state electronic structures of mononuclear Mn(IV) complexes [Mn(IV)(OH)2(Me2EBC)](2+) and [Mn(IV)(O)(OH)(Me2EBC)](+). These compounds are known to effect C-H bond oxidation reactions by a hydrogen-atom transfer mechanism. They provide an ideal system for comparing Mn(IV)-hydroxo versus Mn(IV)-oxo motifs, as they differ by only a proton. Simulations of 5 K EPR data, along with analysis of variable-temperature EPR signal intensities, allowed for the estimation of ground-state zero-field splitting (ZFS) and (55)Mn hyperfine parameters for both complexes. From this analysis, it was concluded that the Mn(IV)-oxo complex [Mn(IV)(O)(OH)(Me2EBC)](+) has an axial ZFS parameter D (D = +1.2(0.4) cm(-1)) and rhombicity (E/D = 0.22(1)) perturbed relative to the Mn(IV)-hydroxo analogue [Mn(IV)(OH)2(Me2EBC)](2+) (|D| = 0.75(0.25) cm(-1); E/D = 0.15(2)), although the complexes have similar (55)Mn values (a = 7.7 and 7.5 mT, respectively). The ZFS parameters for [Mn(IV)(OH)2(Me2EBC)](2+) were compared with values obtained previously through variable-temperature, variable-field magnetic circular dichroism (VTVH MCD) experiments. While the VTVH MCD analysis can provide a reasonable estimate of the magnitude of D, the E/D values were poorly defined. Using the ZFS parameters reported for these complexes and five other mononuclear Mn(IV) complexes, we employed coupled-perturbed density functional theory (CP-DFT) and complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations with second-order n-electron valence-state perturbation theory (NEVPT2) correction, to compare the ability of these two quantum chemical methods for reproducing experimental ZFS parameters for Mn(IV) centers. The CP-DFT approach was found to provide reasonably acceptable values for D, whereas the CASSCF/NEVPT2 method fared worse, considerably overestimating the magnitude of D in several cases. Both methods were poor in reproducing experimental E/D values. Overall, this work adds to the limited investigations of Mn(IV) ground-state properties and provides an initial assessment for calculating Mn(IV) ZFS parameters with quantum chemical methods.

Chiral manganese (IV) complexes derived from Schiff base ligands: Synthesis, characterization, in vitro cytotoxicity and DNA/BSA interaction

Two new couples of chiral manganese (IV) complexes with Schiff-base ligands, Λ-[Mn(R-L(1))2]·2(CH3OH) (Λ-1) and Δ-[Mn(S-L(1))2]·2(CH3OH) (Δ-1), Λ-[Mn(R-L(2))2]·(H2O)2 (Λ-2) and Δ-[Mn(S-L(2))2]·(H2O)2 (Δ-2), {H2L(1)=(R/S)-(±)-1-[(1-hydroxymethyl-propylimino)-methyl]-naphthalen-2-ol, H2L(2)=(R/S)-(±)-1-[(1-Hydroxymethyl-2-phenyl-ethylimino)-methyl]-naphthalen-2-ol} have been synthesized, and fully characterized by elemental analyses, UV-Vis spectrum, circular dichroism spectrum, FT-IR spectrum, mass spectrum, and single crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD). The interaction of the four chiral Mn (IV) complexes with CT-DNA and BSA were also investigated by various spectroscopic techniques (UV-visible, fluorescence spectroscopic). The results show that the Δ-complexes exhibit more efficient CT-DNA interaction with respect to the Λ-complexes. All the complexes could quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA by a static quenching process. In addition, the vitro cytotoxicity of these complexes toward four kinds of cancerous cell lines (A549, HeLa, HL-60, and Caco-2) was assayed by the MTT method, which exhibited to be selectively active against certain cell lines.

Design and synthesis of enantiomeric (R)- and (S)-copper(II) and diorganotin(IV)-based antitumor agents: their in vitro DNA binding profile, cleavage efficiency and cytotoxicity studies

New chiral reduced Schiff base ligands (R)/(S)-2-(2-hydroxy-1-phenylethylaminomethyl)phenol (L), (R)/(S)-2-(benzylamino)-2-phenylethanol (L') and their Cu(II)/organotin(IV) complexes (1-4) were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. Preliminary in vitro DNA binding studies of (R)- and (S)-enantiomeric pairs of ligands L, L' and complexes 1-4 were carried out employing UV-vis, fluorescence and circular dichroic techniques to evaluate their enantioselective DNA binding potential, thereby to act as antitumor chemotherapeutic drug entities. The observations demonstrated that S-enantiomer of Cu(II) complex, 1 binds more avidly to DNA in comparison to its R-enantiomeric form and organotin(IV) complex 2. This was further established by Kb and Ksv values of ligands L and L' and (S)-/(R)-1-4 complexes, which demonstrated multifold increase in case of S-enantiomer of copper complex 1 in comparison to its R-enantiomeric form. This clearly demonstrates the chiral preference of S-enantiomer over R-enantiomer and its potency to act as a chemotherapeutic agent. Cleavage studies of 1-4 with pBR322 plasmid DNA were carried out, noticeably, S-enantiomer of complex 1 exhibited effective DNA cleavage efficiency in absence of external agents. The cytotoxicity of ligands L and L' and (S)-/(R)-1-4 complexes was examined on a panel of 19 human tumor cell lines of different histological origins by SRB assay. In the both the cases, the S-enantiomer of complex 1 and 3 revealed remarkably good cytotoxic activity (GI50 values <10) against T24 (Urinary Bladder), DU145 (Prostate), U373MG (Astrocytoma) and HCT15, SW620 (Colon) clearly underlining the influence of enantiomeric discrimination. Interestingly, ligands L, L' and rest of the complexes demonstrated moderate cytotoxic activity (GI50 values <40).

Synthesis and characterization of monomeric Mn (IV) and pseudo-tetrameric Mn (III) complexes: magnetic properties of Mn (III) complex

Two novel monomer Mn (IV) [Mn(3,5-ClL1)2]⋅(CH3OH), (1), [3,5-ClL1H2=N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-dichlorosalicylaldimine] (1) and hydrogen-bonded pseudo-tetramer Mn (III) [Mn(5-BrL2)(H2O)2]2⋅[Mn(5-BrL2)(H2O)]2⋅2⋅(ClO4), (2), [5-BrL2H2=N,N'-bis(5-bromosalicylidenato)-1,2-diamino-2-methylpropane)] (2) Schiff base complexes have been synthesized and their crystal structures have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. A variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurement study has been performed for complex (2) and the result indicates there is a very weak antiferromagnetic interaction (J=-0.40±0.016cm(-1)) between the two manganese (III) centers.

The formation of a luminescent Mn(III,IV) intermediate of bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine and acetone assistant its intramolecular C-H oxidation

The dinuclear Mn(II) complexes of bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (dpa) reacted with H(2)O(2) producing a fluorescent dioxodimanganese(III,IV) intermediate [(dpa)Mn(2)Cl(2)(μ-O(2))(OHdpa)](3+), which was characterized by IR, UV, ESR, ES-MS and fluorescence spectra. ES-MS data show that this intermediate could bind an acetone molecule forming dioxodimanganese(III,IV)-acetone adduct [(dpa)Mn(2)Cl(2)(μ-O)(CH(3)COCH(3))(OHdpa)](3+). The emission of dioxodimanganese(III,IV)-acetone at 378 nm was stronger than that of dioxodimanganese(III,IV) complex. Excess acetone molecules promoted the intramolecular C-H oxidation and the formation of one dimensional chain Mn(II) complex [(2-picolinic-acid)Mn(H(2)O)(2)Cl(O)](n) through possible intramolecular oxygen transfer reaction.