1
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Spectroanalytical, computational, DNA/BSA binding and in vitro cytotoxic activity studies of new transition metal complexes of novel aryl hydrazone. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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2
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Perka S, Vuradi RK, Gopu S, Nambigari N, K VR, Sirasani S. Influence of Co(III) Polypyridyl Complexes on Luminescence Behavior, DNA Binding, Photocleavage, Antimicrobial Activity and Molecular Docking Studies. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:1009-1021. [PMID: 33880704 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A new ligand FIPB = 5-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)furan-2-yl-2-boronic acid, having three cobalt(III) polypyridyl complexes [Co(phen)2(FIPB)]3+(1) {FIPB = 5-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)furan-2-yl-2-boronic acid}, (phen = 1,10-Phenanthroline), [Co(bpy)2(FIPB)]3+(2) (bpy = 2,2'bipyridyl), [Co(dmb)2(FIPB)]3+(3) (dmb = 4, 4'-dimethyl 2, 2'-bipyridine) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, ES-MS,1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV-Vis and FTIR. Their DNA binding behavior has been explored by various spectroscopic titrations and viscosity measurements, which indicated that all the complexes bind to calf thymus DNA by means of intercalation with different binding strengths. The binding properties of these all three complexes towards calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) have been investigated by UV-visible, emission spectroscopy and viscosity measurements.The experimental results suggested that three Co(III) complexes can intercalate into DNA base pairs,but with different binding affinities. Photo induced DNA cleavage studies have been performed and results indicate that three complexes efficiently cleave the pBR322-DNA in different forms. The three synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity by using Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis organisms, these results indicated that complex 1 was more activity compared to other two complexes against both tested microbial strains. The in vitro cytotoxicity of these complexes was evaluatedby MTT assay, and complex 1 shows higher cytotoxicity than complex 2 and 3 on HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Perka
- Department of Chemistry, UCS, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500007, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Vuradi
- Department of Chemistry, UCS, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500007, India
| | - Srinivas Gopu
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College for Women, Karimnagar, Telangana State, 505001, India
| | - Navaneetha Nambigari
- Department of Chemistry, UCS, Saifabad, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500007, India
| | - Venugopal Reddy K
- Department of Chemistry, UCS, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500007, India
| | - Satyanarayana Sirasani
- Department of Chemistry, UCS, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500007, India.
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3
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Ravi C, Vuradi RK, Avudoddi S, Ramchander M, Satyanarayana S. Induction of Apoptosis in SKOV3 and DNA Binding by Cobalt(III) Polypyridyl Complexes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Design, Synthesis, and Anticancer Effect Studies of Iridium(III) Polypyridyl Complexes against SGC-7901 Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173129. [PMID: 31466318 PMCID: PMC6749586 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Three iridium(III) complexes ([Ir(Hppy)2(L)](PF6) (Hppy = 2-phenylpyridine, L = 5-nitrophenanthroline, NP), 1; 5-nitro-6-amino-phenanthroline (NAP), 2; and 5,6-diamino-phenanthroline (DAP) 3 were synthesized and characterized. The cytotoxicities of Ir(III) complexes 1–3 against cancer cell lines SGC-7901, A549, HeLa, Eca-109, HepG2, BEL-7402, and normal NIH 3T3 cells were investigated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) method. The results showed that the three iridium(III) complexes had moderate in vitro anti-tumor activity toward SGC-7901 cells with IC50 values of 3.6 ± 0.1 µM for 1, 14.1 ± 0.5 µM for 2, and 11.1 ± 1.3 µM for 3. Further studies showed that 1–3 induce cell apoptosis/death through DNA damage, cell cycle arrest at the S or G0/G1 phase, ROS elevation, increased levels of Ca2+, high mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and cellular ATP depletion. Transwell and Colony-Forming assays revealed that complexes 1–3 can also effectively inhibit the metastasis and proliferation of tumor cells. These results demonstrate that 1–3 induce apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial damage and DNA damage pathways, as well as by inhibiting cell invasion, thereby exerting anti-tumor cell proliferation activity in vitro.
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5
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Synthesis, photophysical properties, and DNA-binding of novel A-π-D-π-A' two-photon absorption chromophores. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Abdel Aziz AA, El-Sayed IS, Khalil MM. Some divalent metal(II) complexes of novel potentially tetradentate Schiff base N
,N
′-bis(2-carboxyphenylimine)-2,5-thiophenedicarboxaldhyde: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and bioactivities. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A. Abdel Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ain Shams University; 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Ibrahim S.A. El-Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ain Shams University; 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Mostafa M.H. Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ain Shams University; 11566 Cairo Egypt
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7
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Novel iron phenanthroline-based photosensitizers for antimicrobial PDT: synthesis, DNA binding and photo-induced DNA cleavage activity. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1831-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Chaudhary GR, Singh P, Kaur G, Mehta S, Kumar S, Dilbaghi N. Multifaceted Approach for the Fabrication of Metallomicelles and Metallic Nanoparticles Using Solvophobic Bisdodecylaminepalladium (II) Chloride as Precursor. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:9002-12. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganga Ram Chaudhary
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Prabjot Singh
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - S.K. Mehta
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar 125 001, Haryana India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar 125 001, Haryana India
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9
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İnci D, Aydın R, Yılmaz D, Gençkal HM, Vatan Ö, Çinkılıç N, Zorlu Y. New water-soluble copper (II) complexes including 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and L-tyrosine: synthesis, characterization, DNA interactions and cytotoxicities. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 136 Pt B:761-770. [PMID: 25448975 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two new water-soluble copper(II) complexes, [Cu(dmphen)2(NO3)]NO3 (1), [Cu(dmphen)(tyr)(H2O)]NO3·H2O (2) and the diquarternary salt of dmphen (dmphen = 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and tyr = L-tyrosine), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The CT-DNA binding properties of these compounds have been investigated by absorption, emission spectroscopy and thermal denaturation measurements. The supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA cleavage activity of these compounds has been explored by agarose gel electrophoresis. The cytotoxicity of these compounds against MCF-7, Caco-2, A549 cancer cells and BEAS-2B healthy cells was also studied by the XTT method. Complexes 1 and 2 exhibit significant cytotoxicity, with lower IC50 values than those of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu İnci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Rahmiye Aydın
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Yılmaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hasene Mutlu Gençkal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Özgür Vatan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Çinkılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Institute of Technology, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
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10
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Song WJ, Zhu WZ, Qi QY, Lin QY, Lei X, Du FY. Synthesis of Rare Earth Complexes With N-Pyrimidine Norcantharidin Acylamide Acid, DNA-Binding, and Antiproliferative Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2013.841214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ji Song
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reaction Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- College of Chemical and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Zhong Zhu
- College of Chemical and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yuan Qi
- College of Chemical and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Yue Lin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reaction Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- College of Chemical and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xing Lei
- College of Chemical and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Yuan Du
- College of Chemical and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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11
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Synthesis, Characterization, DNA Binding, Light Switch “On and Off”, Docking Studies and Cytotoxicity, of Ruthenium(II) and Cobalt(III) Polypyridyl Complexes. J Fluoresc 2014; 24:803-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-014-1355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Lu J, Sun Q, Li JL, Gu W, Tian JL, Liu X, Yan SP. Synthesis, characterization, and DNA-binding of two new Cd(II) complexes with 8-[(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]-quinoline. J COORD CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2013.832228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Ling Li
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wen Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Lei Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ping Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
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13
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Ding Y, Wang Q, Gao F, Gao F. Highly sensitive and selective DNA biosensor using a dumbbell-shaped bis-groove binder of bi-acetylferrocene ethylenediamine complex as electrochemical indicator. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Shilpa M, Shobha Devi C, Nagababu P, Naveena Lavanya Latha J, Pallela R, Rao Janapala V, Aravind K, Satyanarayana S. Ruthenium(II) ethylenediamine complexes with dipyridophenazine ligands: synthesis, characterization, DNA interactions, and antiproliferative activities. J COORD CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2013.788154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mynam Shilpa
- a Department of Chemistry , Osmania University , Hyderabad , India
| | - C. Shobha Devi
- a Department of Chemistry , Osmania University , Hyderabad , India
| | | | | | - Ramjee Pallela
- c Toxicology Unit, Biology Division , Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India
| | | | - K. Aravind
- a Department of Chemistry , Osmania University , Hyderabad , India
| | - S. Satyanarayana
- a Department of Chemistry , Osmania University , Hyderabad , India
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15
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Ghosh K, Mohan V, Kumar P, Singh UP. DNA binding, nuclease and superoxide scavenging activity studies on mononuclear cobalt complexes derived from tridentate ligands. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Pallavi P, Nagababu P, Laxmareddy K, Padmaja N, Satyanarayana S. Synthesis, DNA and Photocleavage Studies of Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complexes: [Ru(dppz)(pyz)
4
](ClO
4
)
2
and [Ru(dppz)(dmpyz)
4
](ClO
4
)
2
Complexes. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ponuganti Pallavi
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad‐500007, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Penumaka Nagababu
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad‐500007, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kotha Laxmareddy
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad‐500007, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Naishadham Padmaja
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad‐500007, Andhra Pradesh, India
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17
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Crystal Structures, Interactions with Biomacromolecules and Anticancer Activities of Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) Complexes of Demethylcantharate and 2-Aminopyridine. J Fluoresc 2012; 22:1395-406. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-012-1078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Silavi R, Divsalar A, Saboury AA. A short review on the structure-function relationship of artificial catecholase/tyrosinase and nuclease activities of Cu-complexes. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2012; 30:752-72. [PMID: 22731989 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2012.689704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of metal complexes has vastly increased the scope of research for many scientists during the two last decades. Among these compounds, artificial tyrosinases, catecholases, proteases, and nucleases are some of the most studied due to their importance as modern tools in the fields of medicine, scientific research, and industry. Transition metals such as Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Fe(3+), Co(3+), Ni(2+), and lanthanide ions are the most commonly used. Among these ions, copper complexes have been the focus of the majority of studies thanks to their significant activity in comparison with other ions. Studies of copper-based tyrosinases, catecholases, and nucleases have revealed some of the overarching factors affecting reactions of all three types, which has led to improved activity and efficiency for all. Key factors include proper core-core distance, (Cu⋯Cu distance 2.90-2.99 Å), suitable solvent, and ligands with proper hydrophobic structure and geometry. In the present investigation, we review and introduce the proposed mechanisms and the kinetically effective factors of natural catecholase, tyrosinase, and nuclease and their Cu-based synthetic mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Silavi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi (Tarbiat Moallem) University, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Demidov VN, Kas’yanenko NA, Antonov VS, Volkov IL, Sokolov PA, Pakhomova TB, Simanova SA. Reaction with DNA and pharmacologic activity of 1,10-phenanthroline and electron-rich 1,10-phenanthrocyanine complexes of d-elements. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363212030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Crystal structures, DNA interaction and growth inhibitory activities of the cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes of 2-aminothiazole with demethylcantharate. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Wang Q, Yu Z, Wang Q, Li W, Gao F, Li S. Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA-binding properties of a mononuclear copper complex with pyridine-2-carboxylate ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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22
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Eseola AO, Adepitan O, Görls H, Plass W. Electronic/substituents influence on imidazole ring donor–acceptor capacities using 1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline frameworks. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj20880f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Gong Y, Wu T, Li J, Qin J, Wu X, Cao R. Metal(II) Complexes Based on Imidazo[4, 5-f]-1, 10-phenanthroline and Bridging Dicarboxylato Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization and Photoluminescence. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Patel MN, Parmar PA, Gandhi DS. Synthesis, characterization and DNA binding and cleavage properties of ruthenium(II) complexes with various polypyridyls. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 26:734-41. [PMID: 21749187 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.570007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypyridyl chlororuthenium(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized. The binding mode of the complexes to DNA has been evaluated from the combined results of electronic absorption spectroscopy and viscosity measurement study. The results suggest that complexes 1, 2 and 3 bind to DNA via classical intercalation, electrostatic interaction and partial intercalation mode, respectively. Complex 2 shows less affinity for DNA. Cleavage of pUC19 DNA by complexes has been checked using gel electrophoresis. The data disclose that complex 1 has the highest cleaving ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan N Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India.
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25
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DNA Binding and Photocleavage Studies of Cobalt(III) Ethylenediamine Pyridine Complexes: [Co(en)2(py)2]3+ and [Co(en)2(mepy)2]3+. Met Based Drugs 2011; 2008:275084. [PMID: 18274660 PMCID: PMC2225500 DOI: 10.1155/2008/275084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel cobalt(III) pyridine complexes (1)[Co(en)2(py)2]3+ and (2)[Co(en)2(mepy)2]3+ (en=ethylenediamine, py=pyridine, and mepy=methylpyridine) have been synthesized and characterized. The interaction of these complexes with calf thymus DNA was investigated by absorption, emission spectroscopy, viscosity measurements, DNA melting, and DNA photocleavage. Results suggest that the two complexes bind to DNA via groove mode and complex 2 binds more strongly to CT DNA than complex 1. Moreover, these Co(III) complexes have been found to promote the photocleavage of plasmid DNA pBR322 under irradiation at 365 nm, cytotoxicity results of complexes are also showing anticancer activity.
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26
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Zhang AG, Yang HX, Wang KZ. The Effects of Grafting of 2-Pyridyl to [Ru(bpy)2(Hpip)]2+on Acid-Base and DNA-Binding Properties: Experimental and DFT Studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2011; 28:955-68. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2011.10508621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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ZHANG F, ZHU W, LIN Q, GUO W, ZHANG L, LI S. Synthesis, characterization and DNA binding of the complexes of rare earth with phenanthroline and demethylcantharate. J RARE EARTH 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(10)60447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Wang N, Wang Y, Wang X, Zheng X, Yan D, Lin Q. Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity and DNA-Binding Properties of Nitrogen and Sulfur Heterocyclic Norcantharidin Acylamide Acid. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201190107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Qiu-Yue L, Yun-Yun W, Yun-Long F, Dong-Mei Y, Yan-Jun W, Fan Z. Crystal structure, DNA interaction, and antiproliferative activity of the cobalt(II) complex of demethylcantharate and imidazole. J COORD CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2011.557150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qiu-Yue
- a Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , China
- b College of Chemical and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , China
| | - Wang Yun-Yun
- a Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , China
- b College of Chemical and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , China
| | - Feng Yun-Long
- a Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , China
- b College of Chemical and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , China
| | - Yan Dong-Mei
- c Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310013 , China
| | - Wang Yan-Jun
- b College of Chemical and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , China
| | - Zhang Fan
- b College of Chemical and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , China
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Aliaga-Alcalde N, Marqués-Gallego P, Kraaijkamp M, Herranz-Lancho C, den Dulk H, Görner H, Roubeau O, Teat SJ, Weyhermüller T, Reedijk J. Copper curcuminoids containing anthracene groups: fluorescent molecules with cytotoxic activity. Inorg Chem 2011; 49:9655-63. [PMID: 20839841 DOI: 10.1021/ic101331c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of the new curcuminoid ligand, 1,7-(di-9-anthracene-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione), abbreviated 9Accm has been studied, resulting in two new copper-9Accm compounds. Compound 1, [Cu(phen)Cl(9Accm)], was synthesized by reacting 9Accm with [Cu(phen)Cl(2)] in a 1:1 ratio (M:L) and compound 2, [Cu(9Accm)(2)], was prepared from Cu(OAc)(2) and 9Accm (1:2). UV-vis, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements were some of the techniques employed to portray these species; studies on single crystals of free 9Accm, [Cu(phen)Cl(9Accm)] and [Cu(9Accm)(2)(py)] provided detailed structural information about compounds 1 and 2·py, being the first two copper-curcuminoids crystallographically described. In addition the antitumor activity of the new compounds was studied and compared with free 9Accm for a number of human tumor cells. To provide more insight on the mode of action of these compounds under biological conditions, additional experiments were accomplished, including studies on the nature of their interactions with calf thymus DNA by UV-vis titration and Circular Dichroism. These experiments together with DNA-binding studies indicate electrostatic interactions between some of these species and the double helix, pointing out the weak nature of the interaction of the compounds with CT-DNA. The intrinsic fluorescence of the free ligand and both copper compounds provided valuable information over the cellular process and therefore, fluorescence microscopy studies were performed using a human osteosarcoma cell line. Studies in vitro using this technique suggest that the action of these molecules seems to occur outside the nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Aliaga-Alcalde
- Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avançats and Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Química, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Synthesis, biological aspects and SOD mimic activity of square pyramidal copper(II) complexes with the 3rd generation quinolone drug sparfloxacin and phenanthroline derivatives. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Wang Q, Li W, Liu A, Zhang B, Gao F, Li S, Liao X. Binding and photocleavage of a neutral nickel(II) bis(hydrogen pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato) complex to DNA. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Ashwini Kumar K, Laxma Reddy K, Satyanarayana S. Study of the interaction between ruthenium(II) complexes and CT-DNA: synthesis, characterisation, photocleavage and antimicrobial activity studies. Supramol Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2010.510194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Ashwini Kumar
- a Department of Chemistry , Osmania University , Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500007, India
| | - Kotha Laxma Reddy
- a Department of Chemistry , Osmania University , Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500007, India
| | - S. Satyanarayana
- a Department of Chemistry , Osmania University , Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500007, India
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Vidhisha S, Reddy KL, Ashwini Kumar K, Kumar YP, Satyanarayana S. DNA interactions of ruthenium(II) complexes with a polypyridyl ligand: 2-(2, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-010-9427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Nagababu P, Shilpa M, Latha JNL, Bhatnagar I, Srinivas PNBS, Kumar YP, Reddy KL, Satyanarayana S. Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding properties, fluorescence studies and toxic activity of cobalt(III) and ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes. J Fluoresc 2010; 21:563-72. [PMID: 20931268 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The new ligand 4-(isopropylbenzaldehyde)imidazo[4,5-f ][1,10]phenanthroline (ippip) and its complexes [Ru(phen)(2)(ippip)](2+)(1),[Co(phen)(2)(ippip)](3+)(2),[Ru(bpy)(2)(ippip)](2+)(3),[Co(bpy)(2)(ippip)](3+)(4)(bpy=2,2-bipyridine) and (phen=1,10-phenanthroline) were synthesized and characterized by ES(+)-MS, (1)H and (13)C NMR. The DNA binding properties of the four complexes were investigated by different spectrophotometric methods and viscosity measurements. The results suggest that complexes bind to calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) through intercalation. When irradiated at 365 nm, the complexes promote the photocleavage of pBR322 DNA, and complex 1 cleaves DNA more effectively than 2, 3, 4 complexes under comparable experimental conditions. Furthermore, photocleavage studies reveal that singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) plays a significant role in the photocleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penumaka Nagababu
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India PIN-500 007
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Wang N, Lin QY, Feng J, Zhao YL, Wang YJ, Li SK. Crystal structures, DNA interaction and antiproliferative activities of the cobalt(II) and zinc(II) complexes of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole with demethylcantharate. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Reddy KL, Ashwini Kumar K, Vidhisha S, Naga Babu P, Satyanarayana S. Synthesis, characterization, photocleavage, antimicrobial activity and DNA binding of [Co(bpy)2MHPIP]3+, [Co(dmb)2MHPIP]3+, and [Co(phen)2MHPIP]3+complexes. J COORD CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970903215081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kotha Laxma Reddy
- a Department of Chemistry , Osmania University , Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - K. Ashwini Kumar
- a Department of Chemistry , Osmania University , Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - S. Vidhisha
- a Department of Chemistry , Osmania University , Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - P. Naga Babu
- a Department of Chemistry , Osmania University , Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - S. Satyanarayana
- a Department of Chemistry , Osmania University , Hyderabad 500007, India
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Kumar KA, Reddy KL, Satyanarayana S. Synthesis, characterization, and DNA binding of ruthenium(II) complexes with 2-benzo[b] furan-2-yl-1H-imidazo[4,5f][1,10]phenanthroline as an intercalative ligand. J COORD CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2010.516823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Ashwini Kumar
- a Department of Chemistry , Osmania University , Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Kotha Laxma Reddy
- a Department of Chemistry , Osmania University , Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - S. Satyanarayana
- a Department of Chemistry , Osmania University , Hyderabad 500 007, India
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Kumar KA, Reddy KL, Satyanarayana S. Synthesis, DNA interaction and photocleavage studies of ruthenium(II) complexes with 2-(pyrrole) imidazo[4,5-f]-1,10-phenanthroline as an intercalative ligand. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-010-9384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Reddy KL, Reddy YHK, Satyanarayana S. DNA-binding and photocleavage properties of Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes with DNA and their toxicity studies on eukaryotic microorganisms. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2010; 28:953-68. [PMID: 20183564 DOI: 10.1080/15257770903307060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Four Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes, [Ru(bpy)(2)(7-NO(2)-dppz)](2+), [Ru(bpy)(2)(7-CH(3)-dppz)](2+), [Ru(phen)(2)(7-NO(2)-dppz)](2+), and [Ru(phen)(2)(7-CH(3)-dppz)](2+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), (7-Nitro-dppz = 7-Nitro dipyrido[3,2-a:2'-3'-c]phenazine, 7-CH(3)-dppz = 7-Methyl dipyrido[3,2-a:2'-3'-c]phenazine), have been synthesized and characterized by IR, UV, elemental analysis, (1)H NMR, (13)C-NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The DNA-binding properties of the four complexes were investigated by spectroscopic and viscosity measurements. The results suggest that all four complexes bind to DNA via an intercalative mode. Under irradiation at 365 nm, all four complexes were found to promote the photocleavage of plasmid pBR 322 DNA. Toxicological effects of the selected complexes were performed on industrially important yeasts (eukaryotic microorganisms).
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Huang XW, Chen XJ, Shen JL, Su GJ. Synthesis, characterization, and DNA-binding of [Co(phen)2(CPIA)]3+, [Co(phen)2(BIP)]3+, and [Co(phen)2(CIP)]3+. J COORD CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2010.482665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wen Huang
- a College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105, P.R. China
| | - Xue Jiao Chen
- a College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liang Shen
- b Key Lab of Environment-friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105, P.R. China
| | - Guo Jun Su
- a College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105, P.R. China
- b Key Lab of Environment-friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105, P.R. China
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Synthesis, spectroscopic and crystallographic characterization of the cobalt(III) ternary mixed-ligand complexes of N(4)-allyl/methyl thiosemicarbazones, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine and azide. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-009-9300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Ashwini Kumar K, Reddy KL, Vidhisha S, Satyanarayana S. Synthesis, characterization and DNA binding and photocleavage studies of [Ru(bpy)2BDPPZ]2+, [Ru(dmb)2BDPPZ]2+and [Ru(phen)2BDPPZ]2+complexes and their antimicrobial activity. Appl Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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44
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Gong Y, Zhou Y, Li J, Wu X, Qin J. Di-μ-sulfato-κ 4O: O′-bis[diaqua(1 H-imidazo[4,5- f][1,10]phenanthroline-κ 2N7, N9)cobalt(II)] dihydrate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:m844-5. [PMID: 21583315 PMCID: PMC2977338 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809024295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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Reddy KL, Reddy YHK, Kumar KA, Vidhisha S, Satyanarayana S. Synthesis, characterization, DNA-binding, and DNA-photocleavage properties of [Co(bpy)2(7-NO2-dppz)]3+, [Co(dmb)2(7-NO2-dppz)]3+, and [Co(phen)2(7-NO2-dppz)]3+ complexes: (7-nitro-dppz = 7-nitro dipyrido[3,2-a:2'-3'-c]phenazine; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) and their toxicity on different microorganisms. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2009; 28:204-19. [PMID: 19333859 DOI: 10.1080/15257770902865399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The polypyridyl ligand 7-Nitro dipyrido[3,2-a:2'-3'-c]phenazine (7-Nitro-dppz) and its complexes [Co(bpy)(2)(7-NO(2)-dppz)](3+)(1) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), [Co(dmb)(2)(7-NO(2)-dppz)](3+)(2), (dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine), and [Co(phen)(2)(7-NO(2)-dppz)](3+)(3) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) were synthesized and characterized by UV/VIS, IR, elemental analysis, (1)H and (13)C-NMR, and mass spectra. The binding properties of the three complexes to CT-DNA were investigated by different spectroscopic methods and viscosity measurements and DNA cleavage assay. The experimental results suggest that these complexes bind to CT-DNA through an intercalative mode. Also, the three complexes promote the photocleavage of plasmid pBR-322 DNA under irradiation. Toxicological effects of the selected complexes were estimated with different microorganisms.
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Wang Q, Yang ZY, Qi GF, Qin DD. Crystal structures, DNA-binding studies and antioxidant activities of the Ln(III) complexes with 7-methoxychromone-3-carbaldehyde-isonicotinoyl hydrazone. Biometals 2009; 22:927-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-009-9245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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47
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Zhang G, Guo J, Pan J, Chen X, Wang J. Spectroscopic studies on the interaction of morin–Eu(III) complex with calf thymus DNA. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Shilpa M, Nagababu P, Satyanarayana S. Studies on DNA-binding and plasmid-cleavage of cobalt (III) mixed ligand complexes. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10241220902962929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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49
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Interaction of cobalt(III) polypyridyl complexes containing asymmetric ligands with DNA. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-008-9148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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Kumar RS, Arunachalam S. Synthesis, micellar properties, DNA binding and antimicrobial studies of some surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes. Biophys Chem 2008; 136:136-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 05/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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