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Ghonjizade-Samani F, Haurie L, Malet R, Pérez M, Realinho V. Phosphorus-Based Flame-Retardant Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Copolymer with Enhanced Mechanical Properties by Combining Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Silicone Rubber and Ethylene Methyl Acrylate Copolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:923. [PMID: 38611181 PMCID: PMC11013094 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work proposes to investigate the effect of an ultrahigh molecular weight silicone rubber (UHMW-SR) and two ethylene methyl acrylate copolymers (EMA) with different methyl acrylate (MA) content on the mechanical and fire performance of a fireproof acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS) composite, with an optimum amount of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and aluminum diethyl phosphinate (AlPi). ABS formulations with a global flame retardant weight content of 20 wt.% (ABS P) were melt-compounded, with and without EMA and UHMW-SR, in a Brabender mixer. During this batch process, ABS P formulations with UHMW-SR and/or EMA registered lower torque values than those of ABS P. By means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was possible to observe that all ABS composites exhibited a homogenous structure without phase separation or particle agglomeration. Slightly improved interfacial interaction between the well-dispersed flame-retardant particles in the presence of EMA and/or UHMW-SR was also noticed. Furthermore, synergies in mechanical properties by adding both EMA and UHMW-SR into ABS P were ascertained. An enhancement of molecular mobility that contributed to the softening of ABS P was observed under dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). An improvement of its flexibility, ductility and toughness were also registered under three-point-bending trials, and even more remarkable synergies were noticed in Charpy notched impact strength. Particularly, a 212% increase was achieved when 5 wt.% of EMA with 29 wt.% of MA and 2 wt.% of UHMW-SR in ABS P (ABS E29 S P) were added. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the presence of EMA copolymers in ABS P formulations did not interfere with its thermal decomposition, whereas UHMW-SR presence decreased its thermal stability at the beginning of the decomposition. Although the addition of EMA or UHMW-SR, as well as the combination of both in ABS P increased the pHRR in cone calorimetry, UL 94 V-0 classification was maintained for all flame-retarded ABS composites. In addition, through SEM analysis of cone calorimetry sample residue, a more cohesive surface char layer, with Si-O-C network formation confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), was shown in ABS P formulations with UHMW-SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Ghonjizade-Samani
- Poly2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Escola Superior d’Enginyeries Industrial, Aeroespacial i Audiovisual de Terrassa (ESEIAAT), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech), C/ de Colom, 11, 08222 Terrassa, Spain;
- Elix Polymers, Polígono Industrial, Ctra. de Vilaseca—La Pineda s/n, 43110 Tarragona, Spain; (R.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Laia Haurie
- GICITED Group, Department of Architectural Technology, Escola Politècnica Superior d'Edificació de Barcelona (EPSEB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech), Av. Dr. Marañon 44-50, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ramón Malet
- Elix Polymers, Polígono Industrial, Ctra. de Vilaseca—La Pineda s/n, 43110 Tarragona, Spain; (R.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Marc Pérez
- Elix Polymers, Polígono Industrial, Ctra. de Vilaseca—La Pineda s/n, 43110 Tarragona, Spain; (R.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Vera Realinho
- Poly2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Escola Superior d’Enginyeries Industrial, Aeroespacial i Audiovisual de Terrassa (ESEIAAT), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech), C/ de Colom, 11, 08222 Terrassa, Spain;
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2
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Tan W, Zhang F, Yu K, Qu F. High proton conductivity of the phosphate-linked graphene oxide monolith over a wide range from subzero to moderate temperature. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2023.124037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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3
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Svensson I, Butron A, Puyadena M, González A, Irusta L, Barrio A. Bio-Based Phosphate-Containing Polyester for Improvement of Fire Reaction in Wooden Particleboard. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051093. [PMID: 36904334 PMCID: PMC10007242 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A new phosphate-containing bio-polyester based on glycerol and citric acid was synthesized and evaluated as fire-retardant (FR) in wooden particleboards. Phosphorus pentoxide was used to first introduce phosphate esters in the glycerol followed by esterification with citric acid to produce the bio-polyester. The phosphorylated products were characterized by ATR-FTIR, 1H-NMR and TGA-FTIR. After polyester curing, they were grinded and incorporated in laboratory produced particleboards. The fire reaction performance of the boards was evaluated by cone calorimeter. An increased char residue was produced depending on the phosphorus content and the THR (Total Heat Release), PHRR (Peak of Heat Release Rate) and MAHRE (Maximum Average of the Rate of Heat Emission) were considerably reduced in presence of the FRs. Highlights: Phosphate containing bio-polyester as fire retardant in wooden particle board; Fire performance is improved; Bio-polyester acts in the condensed and gas phases; Additive effectiveness similar to ammonium polyphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingemar Svensson
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20730 Azpeitia, Spain
| | - Amaia Butron
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20730 Azpeitia, Spain
| | - Maddalen Puyadena
- POLYMAT, Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials, Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alba González
- POLYMAT, Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials, Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Lourdes Irusta
- POLYMAT, Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials, Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aitor Barrio
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20730 Azpeitia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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4
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Sujon MAS, Madsen J, Christiansen JDC, Islam A. Enhancement of viscoelastic property of
MABS
processed by melt compounding and injection molding. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abu Shaid Sujon
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
| | - Jeppe Madsen
- Danish Polymer Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
| | | | - Aminul Islam
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
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Epoxy Compositions with Reduced Flammability Based on DER-354 Resin and a Curing Agent Containing Aminophosphazenes Synthesized in Bulk Isophoronediamine. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173592. [PMID: 36080667 PMCID: PMC9460727 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of an amine-containing epoxy resin curing agent by dissolving hexakis-[(4-formyl)phenoxy]cyclotriphosphazene in an excess of isophoronediamine was developed. The curing agent was characterized via NMR and IR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and its rheological characteristics were studied. Compositions based on DER-354 epoxy resin and the synthesized curing agent with different amounts of phosphazene content were obtained. The rheological characteristics of these compositions were studied, followed by their curing. An improvement in several thermal (DSC), mechanical (compression, tension, and adhesion), and physicochemical (water absorption and water solubility) characteristics, as well as the fire resistance of the obtained materials modified with phosphazene, was observed, compared with unmodified samples. In particular, there was an improvement in adhesive characteristics and fire resistance. Thus, compositions based on a curing agent containing a 30% modifier were shown to fulfill the V-1 fire resistance category. The developed compositions can be processed by contact molding, winding, and resin transfer molding (RTM), and the resulting material is suitable for use in aircraft, automotive products, design applications, and home repairs.
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6
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Inherent Flame-Retardant, Humid Environment Stable and Blue Luminescent Polyamide Elastomer Regulated by Siloxane Moiety. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091919. [PMID: 35567088 PMCID: PMC9104639 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of the polymeric materials market has created an urgent demand for the thermoplastic polyamide elastomer (TPAE) owing to its greater functionality, and ability to be synthesized via a facile and industrial route. In this work, a series of novel silicone-containing polyamides (PA1212/Si12) were successfully synthesized from 1,12-dodecarboxylic acid (LA), 1,12-dodecarbondiamine (DMDA), and 1,3-bis (amino-propyl) tetramethyldisiloxane (BATS), via a one-pot melt polycondensation method in the absence of a catalyst. FTIR, 1H-NMR, GPC and inherent viscosity results cohesively prove that the polymerization of monomers was well conducted, and the chemical structure was in high accordance with the design. As expected, the Si12 unit-content of the copolymers regulate the properties of the series. As the feeding ratio of BATS in the diamines increases from 5 mol% to 40 mol%, the thermal transition temperatures, Tg and Tm, decline steadily before finally stabilizing at ~6 °C and 160 °C, respectively, indicating that the co-polyamides possess improved chain flexibility but restricted crystallization ability. The conspicuous evolution in crystalline morphology of the series was observed by XRD and AFM. The increased PA Si12 phase induces the crystallized PA 1212 phase to transit from a thermally-favorable large and rigid crystal structure (α phase) to a kinetically-favorable small and ductile crystal structure (γ phase). Reflected in their stress–strain behavior, PA1212/Si12 copolymers are successfully tailored from rigid plastic to ductile elastomer. The tensile strength mildly drops from above 40 MPa to ~30 MPa while the reversible elongation increases from ~50% to approximately 350%. Accordingly, the moderate surface tension differences in the monomers facilitate the efficient conduction of the co-polymerization process, and the distributed short siloxane unit in the backbone fulfills the copolymer with desirable elasticity. Interestingly, the novel silicone-containing polyamides also display Si12 unit-content dependent flame retardancy, humidity stability, and unconventional solid-state fluorescence properties. The elastomers exhibit a low bibulous rate and anti-fouling characteristics to dye droplets and mud contamination, pass the V–1 rating (UL 94) with a constantly declining PHRR value, and emit blue luminescence under a 365 nm light source. Herein, we propose a new facile strategy for developing a high-performance and multifunctional silicone-modified polyamide, which bears promising industrialization potential. In addition, this first reported silicone-containing thermoplastic polyamide elastomer, which is self-extinguishing, anti-fouling and blue-luminescent, will further broaden the application potential of thermoplastic polyamide elastomers.
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7
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Lu W, Jin Z. Synthesis of phosphorus/nitrogen containing intumescent flame retardants from p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin and syringaldehyde for rigid polyurethane foams. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Wu Q, Ran F, Dai L, Li C, Li R, Si C. A functional lignin-based nanofiller for flame-retardant blend. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:390-395. [PMID: 34499953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lignin-based flame retardants represent great promising next-generation flame retardants due to their sustainability, unique aromatic structure, and high charring capability. However, their applications are still limited by the compatibility, processability, and efficiency of flame retardancy. Here, a green functional lignin-based nanofiller (lignin-diethylenetriamine/red phosphorus nanoparticles, Lignin-N-P NPs) was prepared by the chemical modification and co-precipitation. After blending with the commercial acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymers (ABS), the physical, chemical, and flame retardant properties of the blends reveal that Lignin-N-P NPs/ABS blend has acceptable processability, mechanical properties, and significantly improved thermal stability and fire performance. Its values of peak heat release rate and total heat released per unit area were significantly dropped 67.8% and 77.5%, respectively. This study will initiate a new design for not only flame retardants but also lignin-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Fangli Ran
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Lin Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Chenyu Li
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Ruifang Li
- Shenzhen Wellsoon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qiushi Tower, Futian District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong 518040, China
| | - Chuanling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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9
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Carbon Nanotube-Based Composite Filaments for 3D Printing of Structural and Conductive Elements. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11031272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this publication, we describe the process of fabrication and the analysis of the properties of nanocomposite filaments based on carbon nanotubes and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer for fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing. Polymer granulate was mixed and extruded with a filling fraction of 0.99, 1.96, 4.76, 9.09 wt.% of CNTs (carbon nanotubes) to fabricate composite filaments with a diameter of 1.75 mm. Detailed mechanical and electrical investigations of printed test samples were performed. The results demonstrate that CNT content has a significant influence on mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of printed samples. Printed samples obtained from high CNT content composites exhibited an improvement in the tensile strength by 12.6%. Measurements of nanocomposites’ electrical properties exhibited non-linear relation between the supply voltage and measured sample resistivity. This effect can be attributed to the semiconductor nature of the CNT functional phase and the occurrence of a tunnelling effect in percolation network. Detailed I–V characteristics related to the amount of CNTs in the composite and the supply voltage influence are also presented. At a constant voltage value, the average resistivity of the printed elements is 2.5 Ωm for 4.76 wt.% CNT and 0.15 Ωm for 9.09 wt.% CNT, respectively. These results demonstrate that ABS/CNT composites are a promising functional material for FDM additive fabrication of structural elements, but also structural electronics and sensors.
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10
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Song K, Wang Y, Ruan F, Yang W, Liu J. Synthesis of a Novel Spirocyclic Inflatable Flame Retardant and Its Application in Epoxy Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2534. [PMID: 33138265 PMCID: PMC7694069 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Derivatives of 3,9-dichloro-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro-[5,5]undecane-3,9-dioxide (SPDPC) are of increasing interest as flame retardants for polymeric materials. In addition, SPDPC is also an important intermediate for the preparation of intumescent flame retardants (IFRs). However, low efficiency and undesirable dispersion are two major problems that seriously restrain the application of IFRs as appropriate flame retardants for polymer materials. Usually, the functionalization or modification of SPDPC is crucial to acquiring high-performance polymer composites. Here, a small molecule spirocyclic flame retardant diphenylimidazole spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphonate (PIPC) was successfully prepared through the substitution reaction between previously synthesized intermediate SPDPC and 2-phenylimidazole (PIM). Phenyl group and imidazole group were uniformly anchored on the molecular structure of SPDPC. This kind of more uniform distribution of flame retardant groups within the epoxy matrix resulted in a synergistic flame retardant effect and enhanced the strength of char layers to the epoxy composites, when compared to the unmodified epoxy. The sample reached a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 29.7% and passed with a V-0 rating in the UL 94 test with the incorporation of only 5 wt % of as-prepared flame retardant PIPC. Moreover, its peak of heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) decreased by 41.15% and 21.64% in a cone calorimeter test, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of PIPC has only slightly impacted the mechanical properties of epoxy composites with a low loading.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yinjie Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (K.S.); (F.R.); (W.Y.)
| | | | | | - Jiping Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (K.S.); (F.R.); (W.Y.)
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11
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Zhang Y, Yang W, Zhao W, Ruan F, Li S, Liu J. Synthesis and characterization of SPDSCD and its flame retardant application on epoxy resins. RSC Adv 2020; 10:28654-28663. [PMID: 35520038 PMCID: PMC9055797 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a flame retardant agent, 2,4,8,10-tetraoxo-3,9-diphosphospiro[5.5]undecane spirophosphate-4,4-diaminopair benzene disulfone-1,3,5-himetriazine (SPDSCD), is synthesized through a direct polycondensation reaction. SPDSCD is a chemically expanded phosphorus-containing flame retardant in epoxy resins (EP). The molecular structure of SPDSCD and thermal stability are characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, and EP/SPDSCD composites were investigated in detail. These properties are associated with the phosphorus-containing spiro structure on the main molecular chain which can promote condensation polymerization into carbon during pyrolysis, the new nitrogen-containing carbon source, and the triazine structure. SPDSCD shows good thermal stability and low flammability, the weight loss from 500 to 800 °C was only 6.1 wt%, and the residual mass at 800 °C was 48.9 wt%. With the addition of SPDSCD, the flame retardant quality of the composites was gradually enhanced, the carbon residue becomes denser, which isolates heat transfer and inhibits the volatilization of flue gas. The addition of 20 wt% SPDSCD in the EP sample was associated with a limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 26% and a vertical burning V-0 rating. Cone calorimeter test shows that the peak heat release rate is reduced by 75%; the heat release rate curve enters the heat release platform area with a value lower than the first peak, TSP is reduced by 24%, the ac-CO2Y value reduced by 25.6%, indicating that SPDSCD/EP produced less CO2, which obviously prevented the combustion of volatile gas. SPDSCD exerted a charring and barrier effect in the condensation phase. Using basic characterization and flame retardancy testing, this work determined that SPDSCD has good flame retardancy when added to EP. In this study, a flame retardant agent, 2,4,8,10-tetraoxo-3,9-diphosphospiro[5.5]undecane spirophosphate-4,4-diaminopair benzene disulfone-1,3,5-himetriazine (SPDSCD), is synthesized through a direct polycondensation reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China +86-139-10788891.,Department of Biology and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Vocational College of Science &Technology Weifang 261053 China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China +86-139-10788891
| | - Wei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100094 China
| | - Fang Ruan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China +86-139-10788891
| | - Shulei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China +86-139-10788891
| | - Jiping Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China +86-139-10788891
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12
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Effects of chlorinated polyethylene and antimony trioxide on recycled polyvinyl chloride/acryl-butadiene-styrene blends: Flame retardancy and mechanical properties. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Qi H, Liu S, Chen X, Shen C, Gao S. The flame retardant and thermal performances of polypropylene with a novel intumescent flame retardant. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Qi
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Material Science and EngineeringWuhan University of Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Sawen Liu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Material Science and EngineeringWuhan University of Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuling Chen
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Material Science and EngineeringWuhan University of Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Shen
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Material Science and EngineeringWuhan University of Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Shanjun Gao
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Material Science and EngineeringWuhan University of Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
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14
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Li A, Mao P, Liang B. The application of a phosphorus nitrogen flame retardant curing agent in epoxy resin. E-POLYMERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2019-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn order to improve the compatibility of flame retardant and epoxy resin, a phosphorus nitrogen flame retardant curing agent poly(p-xylylenediamine spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphonate) (PPXSPB) was synthesized. FTIR, 1HNMR, and mass spectroscopy were used to identify the chemical structure of PPXSPB. Epoxy resin (E-44) and PPXSPB as the raw material, a series of thermosetting systems were prepared. The effects of PPXSPB on flame retardancy, water resistance, thermal degradation behavior, mechanical properties and the adhesive strength of EP/PPXSPB thermosets were investigated. The results show that with the increase of phosphorus content, the oxygen index and carbon residue of the system both increased significantly, and the heat release rate gradually decreased, which is of great significance in delaying the occurrence of fire. When the phosphorus content is 3.24% in EP/PPXSPB thermosets, EP-2 can successfully pass the UL94 V-0 flammability rating, the LOI value of EP-2 can reach 31.4%, the impact strength and tensile strength was 6.58 kJ/m2 and 47.10 MPa respectively, and the adhesive strength was 13.79 MPa, the system presents a good overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anxin Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang110870, China
| | - Pingli Mao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang110870, China
| | - Bing Liang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang110142, China
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15
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Tao X, Duan H, Dong W, Wang X, Yang S. Synthesis of an acrylate constructed by phosphaphenanthrene and triazine-trione and its application in intrinsic flame retardant vinyl ester resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Zhu SE, Wang LL, Chen H, Yang W, Yuen ACY, Chen TBY, Luo C, Bi WM, Hu EZ, Zhang J, Si JY, Lu HD, Hu KH, Chan QN, Yeoh GH. Comparative Studies on Thermal, Mechanical, and Flame Retardant Properties of PBT Nanocomposites via Different Oxidation State Phosphorus-Containing Agents Modified Amino-CNTs. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E70. [PMID: 29373531 PMCID: PMC5853702 DOI: 10.3390/nano8020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-performance poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) (PBT) nanocomposites have been developed via the consideration of phosphorus-containing agents and amino-carbon nanotube (A-CNT). One-pot functionalization method has been adopted to prepare functionalized CNTs via the reaction between A-CNT and different oxidation state phosphorus-containing agents, including chlorodiphenylphosphine (DPP-Cl), diphenylphosphinic chloride (DPP(O)-Cl), and diphenyl phosphoryl chloride (DPP(O₃)-Cl). These functionalized CNTs, DPP(Ox)-A-CNTs (x = 0, 1, 3), were, respectively, mixed with PBT to obtain the CNT-based polymer nanocomposites through a melt blending method. Scanning electron microscope observations demonstrated that DPP(Ox)-A-CNT nanoadditives were homogeneously distributed within PBT matrix compared to A-CNT. The incorporation of DPP(Ox)-A-CNT improved the thermal stability of PBT. Moreover, PBT/DPP(O₃)-A-CNT showed the highest crystallization temperature and tensile strength, due to the superior dispersion and interfacial interactions between DPP(O₃)-A-CNT and PBT. PBT/DPP(O)-A-CNT exhibited the best flame retardancy resulting from the excellent carbonization effect. The radicals generated from decomposed polymer were effectively trapped by DPP(O)-A-CNT, leading to the reduction of heat release rate, smoke production rate, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide release during cone calorimeter tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-E Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei 230601, China.
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Anthony Chun-Yin Yuen
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Timothy Bo-Yuan Chen
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Wen-Mei Bi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - En-Zhu Hu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural of University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jing-Yu Si
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Hong-Dian Lu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Kun-Hong Hu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Qing Nian Chan
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Guan Heng Yeoh
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
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17
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Liu T, Jing J, Zhang Y, Fang Z. Synthesis of a novel polyphosphate and its application with APP in flame retardant PLA. RSC Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12582h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A phosphorus-containing flame retardant was synthesized via an A2 + B3 type reaction of bisphenolic acid-based monomer and phosphorus oxychloride. Then, intumescent flame retardant systems were prepared by combining PFRS with ammonium polyphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jian Jing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Lab of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- Ningbo Institute of Technology
- Zhejiang University
- Ningbo
- China
| | - Zhengping Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
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18
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Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Li L, Yan R, Zhang J, Duan JC, Liu BJ, Sun ZY, Zhang MY, Hu W, Zhang NN. Synthesis of a lignin-based phosphorus-containing flame retardant and its application in polyurethane. RSC Adv 2018; 8:32252-32261. [PMID: 35547477 PMCID: PMC9086252 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05598j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, new lignin-based flame retardant LHDs were successfully synthesized through the reaction between lignin, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The chemical structure of LHD was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 31P NMR. The thermal stability of LHD was studied by TGA. The results showed that the residual carbon content of L15HD (15% of lignin in LHD) at 600 °C reached 16.55%, indicating that this prepared flame retardant can be a type of good char forming agent. LHDs were then applied to prepare flame-retardant lignin-based polyurethane (FLPU). Lignin-based polyurethane (LPU) was synthesized by the reaction between lignin, polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG 200) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the FLPU reached 30.2% when the addition content of L15HD (15% lignin in LHD) in L20PU (20% lignin in LPU) was 25%, exhibiting excellent flame-retardant properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the FLPU char residual showed that there was a continuous dense outer carbon layer on the residue surface, and the inner carbon layer had many expansion bubbles, indicating the LHDs have an excellent flame retardant effect for PU. In addition, FLPU presented better hardness and adhesion than PU. The hardness of FL15-25L20PU (lignin content in LPU was 20%, and added content of L15HD in LPU was 25%) reached 4H, and its adhesion was 0. These excellent properties illustrated that the LHDs are ideal flame retardants and reinforcing agents for LPU because of the co-curing and strong interface between LHD and LPU. In this work, new lignin-based flame retardant LHDs were successfully synthesized through the reaction between lignin, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI).![]()
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19
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Meng F, Wang S, Wang Y, Liu H, Huo X, Ma H, Ma Z, Xiong H. Microencapsulation of oxalic acid via oil-in-oil (O/O) emulsion solvent evaporation. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Bauer KN, Tee HT, Velencoso MM, Wurm FR. Main-chain poly(phosphoester)s: History, syntheses, degradation, bio-and flame-retardant applications. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Wang C, Wu Y, Li Y, Shao Q, Yan X, Han C, Wang Z, Liu Z, Guo Z. Flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam with a phosphorus-nitrogen single intumescent flame retardant. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; North University of China; No. 3 Xueyuan Road Taiyuan Shanxi 030051 PR China
| | - Yicheng Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; North University of China; No. 3 Xueyuan Road Taiyuan Shanxi 030051 PR China
| | - Yingchun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; North University of China; No. 3 Xueyuan Road Taiyuan Shanxi 030051 PR China
| | - Qian Shao
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shandong University of Science and Technology; Qingdao Shandong 266590 China
| | - Xingru Yan
- Integrated Composites Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
| | - Cui Han
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shandong University of Science and Technology; Qingdao Shandong 266590 China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Xavier University of Louisiana; New Orleans Louisiana 70125 USA
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Physics and Engineering; Frostburg State University; Frostburg Maryland 21532 USA
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
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22
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Fleischmann C, Anastasaki A, Gutekunst WR, McGrath AJ, Hustad PD, Clark PG, Laitar DS, Hawker CJ. Direct Access to Functional (Meth)acrylate Copolymers through Transesterification with Lithium Alkoxides. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART A, POLYMER CHEMISTRY 2017; 55:1566-1574. [PMID: 28943716 PMCID: PMC5605782 DOI: 10.1002/pola.28524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward and efficient synthetic method that transforms poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) into value-added materials is presented. Specifically, PMMA is modified by transesterification to produce a variety of functional copolymers from a single starting material. Key to the reaction is the use of lithium alkoxides, prepared by treatment of primary alcohols with LDA, to displace the methyl esters. Under optimized conditions, up to 65% functionalization was achieved and copolymers containing alkyl, alkene, alkyne, benzyl, and (poly)ether side groups could be prepared. The versatility of this protocol was further demonstrated through the functionalization of both PMMA homo and block copolymers obtained through either radical polymerization (traditional and controlled) or anionic procedures. The scope of this strategy was illustrated by extension to a range of architectures and polymer backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Fleischmann
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Will R. Gutekunst
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Alaina J. McGrath
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | | | - Paul G. Clark
- The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - David S. Laitar
- The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Departments of Materials, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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23
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Lee BJ, Kim SB. Mechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Using New Phosphorus Flame Retardant. APPLIED CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.14478/ace.2016.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Xing W, Yang W, Yang W, Hu Q, Si J, Lu H, Yang B, Song L, Hu Y, Yuen RKK. Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes with Phosphorus- and Nitrogen-Containing Agents: Effective Reinforcer for Thermal, Mechanical, and Flame-Retardant Properties of Polystyrene Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:26266-26274. [PMID: 27652692 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aminated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (A-MWCNT) were reacted with diphenylphosphinic chloride (DPP-Cl) to prepare the functionalized MWCNT (DPPA-MWCNT). A-MWCNT and DPPA-MWCNT were respectively mixed with polystyrene (PS) to obtain composites through the melt compounding method. SEM observations demonstrated that the DPPA-MWCNT nanofillers were more uniformly distributed within the PS matrix than A-MWCNT. PS/DPPA-MWCNT showed improved thermal stability, glass transition temperature, and tensile strength in comparison with PS/A-MWCNT, resulting from good dispersion and interfacial interactions between DPPA-MWCNT and PS matrix. The incorporation of DPPA-MWCNT to PS significantly reduced peak heat release rate, smoke production rate, and carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide release in cone calorimeter tests. The enhanced fire-retardant properties should be ascribed to the barrier effect of carbon nanotubes, which could provide enough time for DPPA-MWCNT and its functionalized groups to trap the degrading polymer radicals to catalyze char formation. The char layer served as an efficient insulating barrier to reduce the exposure of polymer matrix to an external heat source as well as retarding the flammable gases from feeding the flame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University , 99 Jinxiu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University , 99 Jinxiu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University , 99 Jinxiu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Si
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University , 99 Jinxiu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongdian Lu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University , 99 Jinxiu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Benhong Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University , 99 Jinxiu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard K K Yuen
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong People's Republic of China
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25
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Li X, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Xu H, Wang M, Yin H, Ai S. A novel photoelectrochemical biosensor for protein kinase activity assay based on phosphorylated graphite-like carbon nitride. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 934:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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27
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Lord TM, Casino SL, Hartzell SE, Garcia KJ, Pike RD, Stockland RA. Convenient Access to Arylated Spirocyclic Bisphosphonates. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M. Lord
- Department of Chemistry; Bucknell University; Lewisburg PA 17837
| | | | | | - Kevin J. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry; Bucknell University; Lewisburg PA 17837
| | - Robert D. Pike
- Department of Chemistry; The College of William and Mary; Williamsburg, VA 23185
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28
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Feng J, Carpanese C, Fina A. Thermal decomposition investigation of ABS containing Lewis-acid type metal salts. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Lyu W, Cui Y, Zhang X, Yuan J, Zhang W. Synthesis, thermal stability, and flame retardancy of PA66, treated with dichlorophenylphsophine derivatives. Des Monomers Polym 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2016.1169375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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30
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Lyu W, Cui Y, Zhang X, Yuan J, Zhang W. Thermal stability, flame retardance, and mechanical properties of polyamide 66 modified by a nitrogen-phosphorous reacting flame retardant. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Lyu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; 29 Yudao Street Nanjing 210016 China
| | - Yihua Cui
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; 29 Yudao Street Nanjing 210016 China
| | - Xujie Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; 29 Yudao Street Nanjing 210016 China
| | - Jingyao Yuan
- Nanjing Lihan Chemical Company, Limited; 1 Meilin Street Nanjing 211102 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nanjing Lihan Chemical Company, Limited; 1 Meilin Street Nanjing 211102 China
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31
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Hong L, Hu X. Mechanical and Flame Retardant Properties and Microstructure of Expandable Graphite/Silicone Rubber Composites. J MACROMOL SCI B 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2015.1138029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Wu N, Lang S. Flame retardancy and toughness modification of flame retardant polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene/AHP composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Zhang Z, Yuan L, Liang G, Gu A. Fabrication and origin of flame retarding glass fiber/bismaleimide resin composites with high thermal stability, good mechanical properties, and a low dielectric constant and loss for high frequency copper clad laminates. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00067c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High performance glass fiber reinforced resin composites were fabricated by designing structures of fiber and resin with unique hyperbranched polysiloxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Li Yuan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Guozheng Liang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Aijuan Gu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
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34
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Ge H, Wang W, Pan Y, Yu X, Hu W, Hu Y. An inherently flame-retardant polyamide containing a phosphorus pendent group prepared by interfacial polymerization. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17108g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherent flame retardation has the advantage that it will allow polymers to impart the flame retardancy permanently, and the introduction of a few weight percent of the flame retardant unit can lead to improvements in the overall flame retardancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Anhui 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Anhui 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Anhui 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Anhui 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Weizhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Anhui 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Anhui 230026
- P. R. China
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35
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Li N, Jiang G, Zhou G. Synthesis and characterization of cyclic bisphenol A (phenylene phosphonate) oligomer and its flame retardancy application. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Zhao L, Yan H, Fang Z, Wang J, Wang H. On the flameproof treatment of ramie fabrics using a spray-assisted layer-by-layer technique. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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37
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Liang B, Wang G, Hong X, Long J, Tsubaki N. Synthesis and properties of a new halogen-free flame-retardant epoxy resin curing agent. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008315604036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel intumescent flame-retardant curing agent, poly-( meta-xylylenediamine spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphonate) (PMXSPB), was synthesized and subsequently characterized using Fourier transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopies. PMXSPB was used as a flame-retardant and curing agent for preparing halogen-free flame-retarded epoxy (EP) resins. The thermal stability, mechanical properties, flame resistance, and morphology of the char layer of flame-retarded EP resins were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, tensile and Charpy impact tests, limiting oxygen index (LOI), the UL94 test, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The results demonstrated that the addition of PMXSPB improved the flame resistance of EP resin composites, and the residual char ratio at 600°C was significantly increased. The flame-retarded composites filling with 3.01% phosphorus content (EP 100 g and PMXSPB 35 g) exhibited the best combination of properties, including a higher glass transition temperature (147°C), good thermal stability, an initial weight loss temperature of 269°C, and an LOI of 31.2. The vertical burning test reached the UL94 V-0 level, and the tensile and impact strengths were 51 MPa and 4.8 kJ m−2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Hong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
| | - Jiapeng Long
- Liaoning, Red Road Technology Co. Ltd, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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38
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Chernyy S, Ullah S, Jomaas G, Leisted RR, Mindykowski PA, Ravnsbæk JB, Tordrup SW, Almdal K. Modification of poly(styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene) [SBS] with phosphorus containing fire retardants. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Pan H, Song L, Hu Y, Liew KM. An Eco-friendly Way to Improve Flame Retardancy of Cotton Fabrics: Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Semi-biobased Substance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Liang B, Hong X, Zhu M, Gao C, Wang C, Tsubaki N. Synthesis of novel intumescent flame retardant containing phosphorus, nitrogen and boron and its application in polyethylene. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Hoang D, Kim J. Flame-retarding behaviors of novel spirocyclic organo-phosphorus compounds based on pentaerythritol. Macromol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-015-3085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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43
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Fan RL, Guo L, Wang PZ, Chen SF, Bian ZX. SYNTHESIS AND SOLUBILITIES OF 3,9-DIPYROLIDINO-2,4,8,10-TETRAOXA-3,9-DIPHOSPHASPIRO[5.5]UNDECANE-3,9-DIOXIDE IN SELECTED SOLVENTS. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2013.818985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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44
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Li N, Jiang G, Zhou G. Synthesis and characterization of a cyclic 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorine (phenylene phosphonate) oligomer and its flame retardancy application. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel solid flame retardant cyclic 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorine (phenylene phosphonate) (CPFP) oligomer was synthesized in high yields by the reaction of phenylphosphonic dichloride with 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorine under pseudo-high-dilution conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Guowei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Guangyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
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45
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Du SL, Lin XB, Jian RK, Deng C, Wang YZ. Flame-retardant wrapped ramie fibers towards suppressing “candlewick effect” of polypropylene/ramie fiber composites. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Synergistic effect of hydroquinone bis(di-2-methylphenyl phosphate) and novolac phenol in ABS composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Zhang T, Yan H, Shen L, Fang Z, Zhang X, Wang J, Zhang B. A phosphorus-, nitrogen- and carbon-containing polyelectrolyte complex: preparation, characterization and its flame retardant performance on polypropylene. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09243k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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48
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Pan H, Wang W, Pan Y, Song L, Hu Y, Liew KM. Formation of self-extinguishing flame retardant biobased coating on cotton fabrics via Layer-by-Layer assembly of chitin derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 115:516-24. [PMID: 25439927 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The self-extinguishing coating, consisting of biobased chitin derivatives, phosphorylated chitin and deacetylated chitin (chitosan), was deposited on cotton fabrics via the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembled method. The content of phosphorylated chitin prepared on cotton fabrics surface is dependent on the bilayers' number and concentration of phosphorylated chitin. In the vertical flame test, the cotton fabric with 20 bilayers prepared at the high phosphorylated chitin concentration (2 wt%) could extinguish the flame. Microcombustion calorimetry result showed that all coated cotton fabrics showed lower peak heat-release rate and total heat-release values compared with that of the pure one. Thermogravimetric analysis result indicated that thermal and thermal oxidation stability of all coated cotton fabrics were enhanced in the high temperature range (400-700°C). This work provided the flame retardant multilayer films based on fully biobased chitin derivatives on cotton fabrics to enhance its flame retardancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute of University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute of University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kim Meow Liew
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute of University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China; Department of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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49
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Wang B, Zhou K, Jiang S, Hu Y, Gui Z. The application of transition metal molybdates (AMoO4, A = Co, Ni, Cu) as additives in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene with improved flame retardant and smoke suppression properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 People's Republic of China
| | - Keqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 People's Republic of China
| | - Saihua Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study; University of Science and Technology of China; 166 Ren'ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Z. Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 People's Republic of China
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50
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Chen S, Li J, Zhu Y, Su S. Roles of anion of polyoxometalate-based ionic liquids in properties of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04592k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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