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Influence of the Processing Conditions on the Mechanical Performance of Sustainable Bio-Based PLA Compounds. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102197. [PMID: 32992937 PMCID: PMC7600861 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose/PLA-based blends (up to 77 vol./vol.% of the added fibers) for applications in extrusion-based technology were realized in an internal mixer by setting different operating conditions. In particular, both the mixing time and temperature were increased in order to simulate a recycling operation (10 or 25 min, 170 or 190 °C) and gain information on the potential reuse of the developed systems. The torque measurements during the compound’s preparation, and the compound’s mechanical tensile features, both in the static and dynamic mode, were evaluated for each investigated composition. The final results confirmed a reduction of the torque trend over time for the PLA matrix, which was attributed to a possible degradation mechanism, and confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical behaviour of the pristine polymer changed from elastoplastic to brittle, with a significant loss in ductility going from the lower mixing temperatures up to the higher ones for the longest time. Through the addition of cellulose fibers into the composite systems, a higher stabilization of the torque in the time and an improvement in the mechanical performance were always verified compared to the neat PLA, with a maximum increase in the Young modulus (+100%) and the tensile strength (+57%), and a partial recovery of the ductility.
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Scamporrino AA, Puglisi C, Spina A, Montaudo M, Zampino DC, Cicala G, Ognibene G, Mauro CD, Dattilo S, Mirabella EF, Recca G, Samperi F. Synthesis and Characterization of Copoly(Ether Sulfone)s with Different Percentages of Diphenolic Acid Units. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1817. [PMID: 32823561 PMCID: PMC7465425 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New functionalized Poly(ether sulfone)s having different molar ratio (10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 100 mol%) of 4,4-bis phenoxy pentanoic acid unit (diphenolic acid; DPA) units were synthesized and characterized by (1H and 13C)-NMR, MALDI-TOF MS, FT-IR, DSC and DMA analyses. The microstructural analysis of the copolymers, obtained by 13C-NMR using an appropriate statistical model, shows a random distribution of copolymer sequences, as expected. The presence of different amount of DPA units along the polymer chains affects the chemical and physical properties of the copolymers. The Tg and the contact angle values decrease as the molar fraction of DPA units increases, whereas the hydrophilicity increases. NMR and MALDI-TOF MS analyses show that all polymer chains are almost terminated with hydroxyl and chlorine as end groups. The presence of cyclic oligomers was also observed by MALDI-TOF MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A. Scamporrino
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-SS Catania CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (D.C.Z.); (S.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Concetto Puglisi
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-SS Catania CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (D.C.Z.); (S.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Angela Spina
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-SS Catania CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (D.C.Z.); (S.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Maurizio Montaudo
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-SS Catania CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (D.C.Z.); (S.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Daniela C. Zampino
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-SS Catania CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (D.C.Z.); (S.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Gianluca Cicala
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (G.O.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Giulia Ognibene
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (G.O.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Chiara Di Mauro
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (G.O.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Sandro Dattilo
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-SS Catania CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (D.C.Z.); (S.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Emanuele F. Mirabella
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-SS Catania CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (D.C.Z.); (S.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Recca
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-SS Catania CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (D.C.Z.); (S.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Filippo Samperi
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-SS Catania CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (D.C.Z.); (S.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.R.); (F.S.)
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Dattilo S, Puglisi C, Mirabella EF, Spina A, Scamporrino AA, Zampino DC, Blanco I, Cicala G, Ognibene G, Di Mauro C, Samperi F. Thermal Degradation Processes of Aromatic Poly(Ether Sulfone) Random Copolymers Bearing Pendant Carboxyl Groups. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081810. [PMID: 32806661 PMCID: PMC7464578 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal degradation processes of poly(ether sulfone) random copolymers having different molar amount of diphenolic acid (DPA) units were studied by direct-pyrolysis/mass spectrometry, stepwise pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and thermogravimetric techniques. Results highlighted that thermal degradation processes occur in the temperature range from 370 to 650 °C, yielding a char residue of 32–35 wt%, which decreases as the mol% of DPA units rises. The pyrolysis/mass spectra data allowed us to identify the thermal decomposition products and to deduce the possible thermal degradation mechanisms. Thermal degradation data suggest that the decarboxylation process of the pendant acid moiety mainly occurs in the initial step of the pyrolysis of the copolymers studied. Successively, the scission of the generated isobutyl groups occurs in the temperature range between 420 and 480 °C. Known processes involving the main chain random scission of the diphenyl sulfone and diphenyl ether groups were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Dattilo
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-CNR, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (E.F.M.); (A.S.); (D.C.Z.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Concetto Puglisi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-CNR, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (E.F.M.); (A.S.); (D.C.Z.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Emanuele Francesco Mirabella
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-CNR, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (E.F.M.); (A.S.); (D.C.Z.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Angela Spina
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-CNR, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (E.F.M.); (A.S.); (D.C.Z.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Andrea Antonino Scamporrino
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-CNR, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (E.F.M.); (A.S.); (D.C.Z.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Daniela Clotilde Zampino
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-CNR, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (E.F.M.); (A.S.); (D.C.Z.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Ignazio Blanco
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.B.); (G.O.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Gianluca Cicala
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-CNR, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (E.F.M.); (A.S.); (D.C.Z.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.B.); (G.O.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Giulia Ognibene
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.B.); (G.O.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Chiara Di Mauro
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.B.); (G.O.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Filippo Samperi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-CNR, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (E.F.M.); (A.S.); (D.C.Z.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
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Zhang Y, Yang W, Zhao W, Ruan F, Li S, Liu J. Synthesis and characterization of SPDSCD and its flame retardant application on epoxy resins. RSC Adv 2020; 10:28654-28663. [PMID: 35520038 PMCID: PMC9055797 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a flame retardant agent, 2,4,8,10-tetraoxo-3,9-diphosphospiro[5.5]undecane spirophosphate-4,4-diaminopair benzene disulfone-1,3,5-himetriazine (SPDSCD), is synthesized through a direct polycondensation reaction. SPDSCD is a chemically expanded phosphorus-containing flame retardant in epoxy resins (EP). The molecular structure of SPDSCD and thermal stability are characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, and EP/SPDSCD composites were investigated in detail. These properties are associated with the phosphorus-containing spiro structure on the main molecular chain which can promote condensation polymerization into carbon during pyrolysis, the new nitrogen-containing carbon source, and the triazine structure. SPDSCD shows good thermal stability and low flammability, the weight loss from 500 to 800 °C was only 6.1 wt%, and the residual mass at 800 °C was 48.9 wt%. With the addition of SPDSCD, the flame retardant quality of the composites was gradually enhanced, the carbon residue becomes denser, which isolates heat transfer and inhibits the volatilization of flue gas. The addition of 20 wt% SPDSCD in the EP sample was associated with a limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 26% and a vertical burning V-0 rating. Cone calorimeter test shows that the peak heat release rate is reduced by 75%; the heat release rate curve enters the heat release platform area with a value lower than the first peak, TSP is reduced by 24%, the ac-CO2Y value reduced by 25.6%, indicating that SPDSCD/EP produced less CO2, which obviously prevented the combustion of volatile gas. SPDSCD exerted a charring and barrier effect in the condensation phase. Using basic characterization and flame retardancy testing, this work determined that SPDSCD has good flame retardancy when added to EP. In this study, a flame retardant agent, 2,4,8,10-tetraoxo-3,9-diphosphospiro[5.5]undecane spirophosphate-4,4-diaminopair benzene disulfone-1,3,5-himetriazine (SPDSCD), is synthesized through a direct polycondensation reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China +86-139-10788891.,Department of Biology and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Vocational College of Science &Technology Weifang 261053 China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China +86-139-10788891
| | - Wei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100094 China
| | - Fang Ruan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China +86-139-10788891
| | - Shulei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China +86-139-10788891
| | - Jiping Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China +86-139-10788891
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5
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Zhao W, Wang G, Liu J, Ban D, Cheng T, Liu X, Li Y, Huang Y. Synthesis, structure–property and flame retardancy relationships of polyphosphonamide and its application on epoxy resins. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08318a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of polyphosphonamides (PPDA) with heteroatoms and phosphonamide structures are proposed as highly effective flame retardants in epoxy resins (EP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Gong Wang
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jiping Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Daming Ban
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Guizhou Normal University
- Guiyang
- China
| | - Tianjin Cheng
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yongqing Huang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
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David TMS, Arasho W, Sun SS. Synthesis and structure-optoelectronic property relationships of a series of PPV and SFTV derived polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya M. S. David
- Center for Materials Research; Norfolk State University; 700 Park Avenue Norfolk Virginia 23504
| | - Wondwossen Arasho
- Center for Materials Research; Norfolk State University; 700 Park Avenue Norfolk Virginia 23504
| | - Sam-Shajing Sun
- Center for Materials Research; Norfolk State University; 700 Park Avenue Norfolk Virginia 23504
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Alberti A, Bongiorno C, Pellegrino G, Sanzaro S, Smecca E, Condorelli GG, Giuffrida AE, Cicala G, Latteri A, Ognibene G, Cassano A, Figoli A, Spinella C, La Magna A. Low temperature sputtered TiO2 nano sheaths on electrospun PES fibers as high porosity photoactive material. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13153g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low temperature approach based on combining electrospinning and reactive sputtering processes to realise a porous mesh of PES fibers wrapped by TiO2 nano-sheaths, active under UV illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - S. Sanzaro
- CNR-IMM Zona Industriale
- Catania
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra
- Università degli Studi di Messina
| | - E. Smecca
- CNR-IMM Zona Industriale
- Catania
- Italy
| | - G. G. Condorelli
- Università degli Studi di Catania and INSTM UdR Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - A. E. Giuffrida
- Università degli Studi di Catania and INSTM UdR Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - G. Cicala
- Università degli Studi di Catania
- Engineering Department
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - A. Latteri
- Università degli Studi di Catania
- Engineering Department
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - G. Ognibene
- Università degli Studi di Catania
- Engineering Department
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - A. Cassano
- Institute on Membrane Technology
- ITM-CNR
- c/o University of Calabria
- 87030 Rende (Cosenza)
- Italy
| | - A. Figoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology
- ITM-CNR
- c/o University of Calabria
- 87030 Rende (Cosenza)
- Italy
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8
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Pei X, Chen G, Hou Y, Fang X. Comparative study on polyimides derived from isomeric diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydrides. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008312463741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, three diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (DSDA) isomers namely 2,2′,3,3′-DSDA (3,3′-DSDA), 2,3,3′,4′-DSDA (3,4′-DSDA) and 3,3′,4,4′-DSDA (4,4′-DSDA) were prepared from the corresponding diphenylthioethertetracarboxylic dianhydride isomers. Based on the three DSDA isomers, a series of isomeric polyimides were prepared. The properties, such as film-forming ability, solubility, wide-angle x-ray diffraction, thermal and mechanical properties as well as rheological behavior, were compared among the isomeric polyimides. It was found that 4,4′-DSDA-based polyimides had much better film-forming ability than 3,3′-DSDA- and 3,4′-DSDA-based polyimides. 3,4′-DSDA-based polyimides had better solubility than 3,3′-DSDA- and 4,4′-DSDA-based polyimides. Furthermore, for a given diamine, the glass transition temperatures of the polyimides from the three DSDA isomers decreased in the order of 3,3′-DSDA > 3,4′-DSDA > 4,4′-DSDA, while the 5% weight loss temperatures in both air and nitrogen atmospheres of the polyimides mainly increased in the order of 3,3′-DSDA < 3,4′-DSDA < 4,4′-DSDA. Moreover, 3,4′-DSDA- and 4,4′-DSDA-based polyimides showed much better melt stability than 3,3′-DSDA-based polyimide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Pei
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guofei Chen
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijia Hou
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingzhong Fang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Tai Q, Hu Y, Yuen RKK, Song L, Lu H. Synthesis, structure–property relationships of polyphosphoramides with high char residues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm03959d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Direct Insertion Probe Mass Spectrometry of Polymers. MASS SPECTROMETRY OF POLYMERS – NEW TECHNIQUES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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11
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Samperi F, Battiato S, Puglisi C, Asarisi V, Recca A, Cicala G, Mendichi R. Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated copolyethersulfones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Intermolecular force and thermal properties of the sulfonyl epoxy blends cured with DGEBA epoxy. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Chiu YC, Tsai HC, Chou IC, Lin WN, Yang SY, Tien HW, Ma CCM. Preparation, intermolecular motion, and thermal properties of thiodiphenyl epoxy. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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The influence of chain rigidity on the thermal properties of some novel random copolyethersulfones. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Al-mehbad NY, Mohamed NA. Thermal degradation behaviour of novel wholly para-oriented aromatic polyamide–hydrazides containing sulfone–ether linkages. Polym Degrad Stab 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Abate L, Blanco I, Cicala G, Recca G, Scamporrino A. The influence of chain-ends on the thermal and rheological properties of some 40/60 PES/PEES copolymers. POLYM ENG SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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IR laser ablative degradation of poly(phenylene ether-sulfone): Deposition of films containing ether, sulfone, sulfoxide and sulfide groups. Polym Degrad Stab 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Synthesis, characterization, thermal degradation, and comparative chain dynamics studies of weak-link polysulfide polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-009-9267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Lee HJ, Park KY, Moon SS, Lee JG. Thermal Decomposition of Waste Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie800382n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung J. Lee
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Kongju National University, 182 Shinkwandong, Kongju, Chungnam 314-701, Korea, and Central Research Laboratory, Aekyung Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd., 217-2, Shinseong-Dong, Yooseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-345, Korea
| | - Kyun Y. Park
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Kongju National University, 182 Shinkwandong, Kongju, Chungnam 314-701, Korea, and Central Research Laboratory, Aekyung Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd., 217-2, Shinseong-Dong, Yooseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-345, Korea
| | - Surk-Sik Moon
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Kongju National University, 182 Shinkwandong, Kongju, Chungnam 314-701, Korea, and Central Research Laboratory, Aekyung Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd., 217-2, Shinseong-Dong, Yooseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-345, Korea
| | - Jong-Gi Lee
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Kongju National University, 182 Shinkwandong, Kongju, Chungnam 314-701, Korea, and Central Research Laboratory, Aekyung Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd., 217-2, Shinseong-Dong, Yooseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-345, Korea
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen M. Weidner
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), D-12489 Berlin, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, 33 Chemistry, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Sarah Trimpin
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), D-12489 Berlin, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, 33 Chemistry, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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