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Bölke S, Keller T, Trilling F, Forster M, Scherf U, Chassé T, Peisert H. The Influence of the Side Chain Structure on the Photostability of Low Band Gap Polymers. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093858. [PMID: 37175268 PMCID: PMC10180311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Side chains play an important role in the photo-oxidation process of low band gap (LBG) polymers. For example, it has been shown that their photostability can be increased by the introduction of aromatic-oxy-alkyl links. We studied the photostability of prototypical LBG polymers with alkyl and oxyalkyl side chains during irradiation with white light (AM 1.5 conditions) in dry air using UV/vis and IR spectroscopy. Though its degradation kinetics were distinctly affected by the presence or absence of oxygen in the structure of the side chains, in particular cases, the stability was more affected by the presence of linear or branched side chains. Moreover, we showed that the exact position of the alkyl/oxyalkyl side chain at the polymer backbone could be crucial. Although minor effects of chemical modifications on the electronic parameters (ionization potential and gap) were observed, the molecular orientation, determined by polarization modulation-infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PMIRRAS), could be affected. The aggregation and crystallinity of these polymers may distinctly affect their stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Bölke
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tina Keller
- Makromolekulare Chemie (buwMakro) und Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Florian Trilling
- Makromolekulare Chemie (buwMakro) und Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael Forster
- Makromolekulare Chemie (buwMakro) und Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Makromolekulare Chemie (buwMakro) und Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Peisert
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Chowdhury TA, Bin Zafar MA, Sajjad-Ul Islam M, Shahinuzzaman M, Islam MA, Khandaker MU. Stability of perovskite solar cells: issues and prospects. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1787-1810. [PMID: 36712629 PMCID: PMC9828105 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05903g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though power conversion efficiency has already reached 25.8%, poor stability is one of the major challenges hindering the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Several initiatives, such as structural modification and fabrication techniques by numerous ways, have been employed by researchers around the world to achieve the desired level of stability. The goal of this review is to address the recent improvements in PSCs in terms of structural modification and fabrication procedures. Perovskite films are used to provide a broad range of stability and to lose up to 20% of their initial performance. A thorough comprehension of the effect of the fabrication process on the device's stability is considered to be crucial in order to provide the foundation for future attempts. We summarize several commonly used fabrication techniques - spin coating, doctor blade, sequential deposition, hybrid chemical vapor, and alternating layer-by-layer. The evolution of device structure from regular to inverted, HTL free, and ETL including the changes in material utilization from organic to inorganic, as well as the perovskite material are presented in a systematic manner. We also aimed to gain insight into the functioning stability of PSCs, as well as practical information on how to increase their operational longevity through sensible device fabrication and materials processing, to promote PSC commercialization at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzi Ahmed Chowdhury
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong Kumira Bangladesh
| | - Md Arafat Bin Zafar
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong Kumira Bangladesh
| | - Md Sajjad-Ul Islam
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong Kumira Bangladesh
| | - M Shahinuzzaman
- Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University DIU Rd Dhaka 1341 Bangladesh
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3
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Guo Y, Zhang H, Liu B, Lu D. Study of the Dynamic Process of Enhancing the Stability of Conjugated Polymer Solutions and Films Induced by an External Electric Field. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, China
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4
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Li Y, Jin Y, Fan W, Zhou R. A review on room-temperature self-healing polyurethane: synthesis, self-healing mechanism and application. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-022-00097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPolyurethanes have been widely used in many fields due to their remarkable features such as excellent mechanical strength, good abrasion resistance, toughness, low temperature flexibility, etc. In recent years, room-temperature self-healing polyurethanes have been attracting broad and growing interest because under mild conditions, room-temperature self-healing polyurethanes can repair damages, thereby extending their lifetimes and reducing maintenance costs. In this paper, the recent advances of room-temperature self-healing polyurethanes based on dynamic covalent bonds, noncovalent bonds and combined dual or triple dynamic bonds are reviewed, focusing on their synthesis methods and self-healing mechanisms, and their mechanical properties, healing efficiency and healing time are also described in detial. In addition, the latest applications of room-temperature self-healing polyurethanes in the fields of leather coatings, photoluminescence materials, flexible electronics and biomaterials are summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future development directions of the room-temprature self-healing polyurethanes are highlighted. Overall, this review is expected to provide a valuable reference for the prosperous development of room-temperature self-healing polyurethanes.
Graphical abstract
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5
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Benzotriazole-containing fluorinated acrylic polymer coatings with high thermal stability, low surface energy, high visible-light transparency, and UV-blocking performance. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04340-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Jonely M, Noriega R. Selectively Altering the Reactivity of Transient Organic Radical Ions via Their Solvation Environment. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3107-3115. [PMID: 35417166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photoexcitation of the charge transfer band of electron donor-acceptor complexes composed of toluene and 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene yields organic radical ion pairs whose ultrafast reactive dynamics are determined by equilibrium solvent properties. A comparative study of ultrafast reaction rates in a series of alkane alcohols identified their dependence on the local polarizability and hydrogen bond donating/accepting character of the solvent. Because of the rapid and efficient equilibration of these radical ion pairs into solvent-separated species, simple modifications to bulk conditions can be used as a means to selectively alter their decay rates. Selectively altering distinct stages in this photochemical cycle via cosolutes or additives is a valuable step toward understanding and controlling the reactivity of organic radical ions in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie Jonely
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Rodrigo Noriega
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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7
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Wouk L, Holakoei S, Benatto L, Pacheco KRM, de Jesus Bassi M, de Oliveira CKBQM, Bagnis D, Rocco MLM, Roman LS. Morphology and energy transfer study between conjugated polymers thin films: experimental and theoretical approaches. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:214010. [PMID: 35038696 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac4c12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of a silafluorene derivative copolymer, the poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-dibenzosilole)-alt-4,7-bis(thiophene-2-yl)benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole] (PSiF-DBT) sensitized by a simpler homopolymer, the poly[2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV) were investigated in a bilayer and ternary blend configuration. The energy transfer between the polymers prior to electron transfer to the acceptors can be an efficient alternative to photocurrent improvement in photovoltaic devices. The interactions between the two donor polymer films were evaluated optically and morphologically with several experimental techniques and correlated to the photovoltaic performance. Improved photon to charge conversion was observed in the blend films at different device geometries-considering bilayer devices with fullerene and inverted flexible devices blade coated in air conditions with a non-fullerene small molecule acceptor. Resonant Auger spectroscopy using the core-hole clock method was employed to evaluate the ultrafast charge delocalization times of conjugated polymers in the low-femtosecond regime. Density functional theory and time-dependent DFT methods were used to help understand some experimental observations. The results show that the homopolymer can improve the absorption spectra and the nonradiative-energy transfer from MDMO-PPV to PSiF-DBT and act as a photosensitizer in the copolymer units. In addition, the PSiF-DBT blended with MDMO-PPV exhibits a more organized structure than the neat material resulting in better absorption stability of films kept under continuous illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Wouk
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, 31531-990 Brazil
- CSEM Brasil, Belo Horizonte, 31035-536, Brazil
| | - Soheila Holakoei
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, 31531-990 Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Universityof Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Leandro Benatto
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, 31531-990 Brazil
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8
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Zhou J, Tian X, Wang B, Zhang S, Liu Z, Chen W. Application of Low Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition Packaging Technology in OLED and Its Implications for Organic and Perovskite Solar Cell Packaging. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a21110513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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AlShetwi YA, Bessif B, Sommer M, Reiter G. Illumination of Conjugated Polymers Reduces the Nucleation Probability and Slows Down the Crystal Growth Rate. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaser A. AlShetwi
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- National Centre for Nanotechnology and Semiconductors, Materials Science Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brahim Bessif
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institute for Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Str. der Nationen 62, Chemnitz 09111, Germany
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg 79110, Germany
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10
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Chenouf J, Boutahir M, Fakrach B, Rahmani A, Chadli H, Hermet P, Mejía-López J, Rahmani A. Encapsulation effect of π-conjugated quaterthiophene on the radial breathing and tangential modes of semiconducting and metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:2420-2428. [PMID: 32844488 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We developed a hybrid approach, combining the density functional theory, molecular mechanics, bond polarizability model and the spectral moment's method to compute the nonresonant Raman spectra of a single quaterthiophene (4T) molecule encapsulated into a single-walled carbon nanotube (metallic or semiconducting). We reported the optimal tube diameter allowing the 4T encapsulation. The influence of the encapsulation on the Raman modes of the 4T molecule and those of the nanotube (radial breathing modes and tangential modes) are analyzed. An eventual charge transfer between the 4T oligomer and the nanotube is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Chenouf
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux Avancés et Applications (LEM2A), Université Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mourad Boutahir
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux Avancés et Applications (LEM2A), Université Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco.,Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados CIEN-UC, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brahim Fakrach
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux Avancés et Applications (LEM2A), Université Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco.,Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Appliquée, Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Faculté des Sciences Dhar El Mahraz Fez, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Abdelhai Rahmani
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux Avancés et Applications (LEM2A), Université Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Hassane Chadli
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux Avancés et Applications (LEM2A), Université Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Patrick Hermet
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jose Mejía-López
- Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados CIEN-UC, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Abdelali Rahmani
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux Avancés et Applications (LEM2A), Université Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
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11
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Duan L, Uddin A. Progress in Stability of Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903259. [PMID: 32537401 PMCID: PMC7284215 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The organic solar cell (OSC) is a promising emerging low-cost thin film photovoltaics technology. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs has overpassed 16% for single junction and 17% for organic-organic tandem solar cells with the development of low bandgap organic materials synthesis and device processing technology. The main barrier of commercial use of OSCs is the poor stability of devices. Herein, the factors limiting the stability of OSCs are summarized. The limiting stability factors are oxygen, water, irradiation, heating, metastable morphology, diffusion of electrodes and buffer layers materials, and mechanical stress. The recent progress in strategies to increase the stability of OSCs is surveyed, such as material design, device engineering of active layers, employing inverted geometry, optimizing buffer layers, using stable electrodes and encapsulation materials. The International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability guidelines are also discussed. The potential research strategies to achieve the required device stability and efficiency are highlighted, rendering possible pathways to facilitate the viable commercialization of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiping Duan
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Ashraf Uddin
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
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12
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Brixi S, Melville OA, Mirka B, He Y, Hendsbee AD, Meng H, Li Y, Lessard BH. Air and temperature sensitivity of n-type polymer materials to meet and exceed the standard of N2200. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4014. [PMID: 32132588 PMCID: PMC7055259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
N-type organic semiconductors are notoriously unstable in air, requiring the design of new materials that focuses on lowering their LUMO energy levels and enhancing their air stability in organic electronic devices such as organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). Since the discovery of the notably air stable and high electron mobility polymer poly{[N,N'-bis (2-octyldodecyl)- naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,29-bisthiophene)} (N2200), it has become a popular n-type semiconductor, with numerous materials being designed to mimic its structure. Although N2200 itself is well-studied, many of these comparable materials have not been sufficiently characterized to compare their air stability to N2200. To further the development of air stable and high mobility n-type organic semiconductors, N2200 was studied in organic thin film transistors alongside three N2200-based analogues as well as a recently developed polymer based on a (3E,7E)-3,7-bis(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-2,6(3 H,7 H)-dione (IBDF) core. This IBDF polymer has demonstrated promising field-effect mobility and air stability in drop-cast OTFTs. While N2200 outperformed its analogues, the IBDF-based polymer displayed superior air and temperature stability compared to N2200. Overall, polymers with more heteroatoms displayed greater air stability. These findings will support the development of new air-stable materials, and further demonstrate the persistent need for the development of novel n-type semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Brixi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Owen A Melville
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brendan Mirka
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yinghui He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Arthur D Hendsbee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Han Meng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yuning Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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13
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Fan W, Jin Y, Shi L, Du W, Zhou R, Lai S, Shen Y, Li Y. Achieving Fast Self-Healing and Reprocessing of Supertough Water-Dispersed "Living" Supramolecular Polymers Containing Dynamic Ditelluride Bonds under Visible Light. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6383-6395. [PMID: 31903744 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is very challenging to achieve polymers that are mechanically robust and fast self-healable at ambient conditions, which are highly desirable for smart materials of the next-generation. Herein, combining dynamic ditelluride bonds and 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) moieties in the main chains, a novel type of visible-light-induced self-healing water-dispersed supramolecular polymers (DTe-WSPs) with outstanding healing properties were developed. The prepared DTe-WSPs emulsions showed excellent emulsion stability, and highly transparent DTe-WSPs films obtained from these emulsions exhibited much improved mechanical properties and fast recoverability after the incorporation of UPy groups, owing to the physical cross-links formed by quadruple hydrogen-bonded UPy moieties. Supertoughness (105.2 MJ m-3) and fast self-healability under visible light (healing efficiency of 85.6% within 10 min) could be achieved simultaneously with the adjustment of the ditelluride content and the UPy content, and the toughness of our polymers is higher than those of the reported ambient temperature self-healable polymers. The visible-light-induced ditelluride metathesis is a predominant factor in the healing process of DTe-WSPs, and the ditelluride metathesis triggered by photothermy and hydrogen bonding could also afford the ultimate healing result. Meanwhile, DTe-WSPs can be reprocessed using visible light, providing a facile way to process polymers at mild conditions. To our surprise, the "living" DTe-WSPs exhibited the ability to initiate the polymerization of vinyl monomers under visible light, which is first reported for water-dispersed self-healing polymers. We considered the elaborated design philosophy, based on the readily available, clean, safe, and easily manipulated visible light, which can not only provide inspiration for preparing fast ambient temperature self-healing and reprocessing polymer materials with robust mechanical properties but also develop a new macroinitiator to initiate the ambient temperature polymerization of vinyl monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhou Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
- The Key Laboratory of High-Tech Organic Fibers of Sichuan Province , Sichuan Textile Scientific Research Institute , No. 2, Twelve Bridge Road , Chengdu 610072 , China
| | - Yong Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Liangjie Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Weining Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Rong Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Shuanquan Lai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Yichao Shen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Yupeng Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu 610065 , China
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14
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Wang K, Li Y, Li Y. Challenges to the Stability of Active Layer Materials in Organic Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900437. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical EngineeringZhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 451191 China
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic MaterialsCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic MaterialsCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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15
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Tavakoli Dastjerdi H, Prochowicz D, Yadav P, Tavakoli MM. Synergistic ligand exchange and UV curing of PbS quantum dots for effective surface passivation. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22832-22840. [PMID: 31755484 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07854a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) are promising materials in solution-processed photovoltaic (PV) devices due to their tunable bandgap and low-cost processing. Replacing the long oleic acid ligands of the as-synthesized QDs with shorter ligands is a key step for making functional QD PVs with correctly tuned band energies and reduced non-radiative recombination centers. In this work, we study the effect of ultraviolet (UV) treatment of PbS QD layers on the QD surface states during ligand exchange. We demonstrate that this straightforward approach effectively reduces the surface trap states and passivates the surface of QDs. We find that UV treatment reduces the density of hydroxyl groups attached to the QD surface and improves the bonding of short ligands to the QD surface. Multiple analyses show the reduction of nonradiative recombination centers for the UV-treated sample. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of our optimized PbS QD device reached 10.7% (vs. 9% for the control device) and was maintained above 10% after 230 h of constant illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Tavakoli Dastjerdi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Daniel Prochowicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Department of Solar Energy, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar-382 007, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Tavakoli
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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16
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Daviddi E, Chen Z, Beam Massani B, Lee J, Bentley CL, Unwin PR, Ratcliff EL. Nanoscale Visualization and Multiscale Electrochemical Analysis of Conductive Polymer Electrodes. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13271-13284. [PMID: 31674763 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Conductive polymers are exceptionally promising for modular electrochemical applications including chemical sensors, bioelectronics, redox-flow batteries, and photoelectrochemical systems due to considerable synthetic tunability and ease of processing. Despite well-established structural heterogeneity in these systems, conventional macroscopic electroanalytical methods-specifically cyclic voltammetry-are typically used as the primary tool for structure-property elucidation. This work presents an alternative correlative multimicroscopy strategy. Data from laboratory and synchrotron-based microspectroscopies, including conducting-atomic force microscopy and synchrotron nanoscale infrared spectroscopy, are combined with potentiodynamic movies of electrochemical fluxes from scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) to reveal the relationship between electrode structure and activity. A model conductive polymer electrode system of tailored heterogeneity is investigated, consisting of phase-segregated domains of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) surrounded by contiguous regions of insulating poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), representing an ultramicroelectrode array. Isolated domains of P3HT are shown to retain bulk-like chemical and electronic structure when blended with PMMA and possess approximately equivalent electron-transfer rate constants compared to pure P3HT electrodes. The nanoscale electrochemical data are used to model and predict multiscale electrochemical behavior, revealing that macroscopic cyclic voltammograms should be much more kinetically facile than observed experimentally. This indicates that parasitic resistances rather than redox kinetics play a dominant role in macroscopic measurements in these conductive polymer systems. SECCM further demonstrates that the ambient degradation of the P3HT electroactivity within P3HT/PMMA blends is spatially heterogeneous. This work serves as a roadmap for benchmarking the quality of conductive polymer films as electrodes, emphasizing the importance of nanoscale electrochemical measurements in understanding macroscopic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Daviddi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Zhiting Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Brooke Beam Massani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Cameron L Bentley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Erin L Ratcliff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
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17
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Choi S, Jeong JW, Jo G, Ma BC, Chang M. Conjugated polymer/paraffin blends for organic field-effect transistors with high environmental stability. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:10004-10016. [PMID: 31080983 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02425e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Improving the environmental stability of conjugated polymers remains a fundamental challenge that limits their widespread adoption and commercial application in electronic and photonic devices. Although paraffin can have excellent barrier properties against moisture in ambient air, the use of conjugated polymer/paraffin blends to fabricate organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with high environmental stability has not been attempted. Here, we demonstrate that conjugated polymer/paraffin blends can greatly enhance the environmental stability of OFETs. Compared to conventional systems such as poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/polystyrene and P3HT/polydimethylsiloxane blends, P3HT/paraffin blends exhibit superior environmental stability after 30 days of exposure to the ambient atmosphere. Furthermore, the conjugated polymer/paraffin blends provide stable electronic properties under severe mechanical deformation [a strain (ε) of ∼150%], overcoming a critical challenge arising from the use of fragile crystalline conjugated polymer films for flexible and stretchable electronic devices. In comparison with a conventional spin-coating method, a shear-coating technique provides enhanced molecular ordering and alignment, resulting in improved charge carrier mobility in the blend film OFETs. In particular, shearing in the evaporation regime improves the molecular ordering and alignment of the blend films more than shearing in the Landau-Levich regime. Interestingly, the environmental stability of the sheared blend films varies depending on the shear speed. Specifically, OFETs based on blend films sheared at 0.5 and 6.0-10.0 mm s-1 exhibit excellent environmental stability, maintaining 80% of their initial mobility after 30 days of exposure to air. In contrast, the environmental stability of the OFETs decreases considerably when the blend films are sheared at 1.0-4.0 mm s-1; the mobility decreases to as low as ∼20% of the initial value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solip Choi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
| | - Jae Won Jeong
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
| | - Gyounglyul Jo
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
| | - Byung Chol Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Mincheol Chang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea. and School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea and Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
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18
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A study on stability of active layer of polymer solar cells: effect of UV–visible light with different conditions. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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19
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Lee S, Seo J, Kim H, Song DI, Kim Y. Investigation of short-term stability in high efficiency polymer : nonfullerene solar cells via quick current-voltage cycling method. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-018-0154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Mock J, Bobinger M, Bogner C, Lugli P, Becherer M. Aqueous Synthesis, Degradation, and Encapsulation of Copper Nanowires for Transparent Electrodes. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8100767. [PMID: 30274162 PMCID: PMC6215155 DOI: 10.3390/nano8100767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanowires (CuNWs) have increasingly become subjected to academic and industrial research, which is attributed to their good performance as a transparent electrode (TE) material that competes with the one of indium tin oxide (ITO). Recently, an environmentally friendly and aqueous synthesis of CuNWs was demonstrated, without the use of hydrazine that is known for its unfavorable properties. In this work, we extend the current knowledge for the aqueous synthesis of CuNWs by studying their up-scaling potential. This potential is an important aspect for the commercialization and further development of CuNW-based devices. Due to the scalability and homogeneity of the deposition process, spray coating was selected to produce films with a low sheet resistance of 7.6 Ω/sq. and an optical transmittance of 77%, at a wavelength of 550 nm. Further, we present a comprehensive investigation of the degradation of CuNWs when subjected to different environmental stresses such as the exposure to ambient air, elevated temperatures, high electrical currents, moisture or ultraviolet (UV) light. For the oxidation process, a model is derived to describe the dependence of the breakdown time with the temperature and the initial resistance. Finally, polymer coatings made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), as well as oxide coatings composed of electron beam evaporated silicon dioxide (SiO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) are tested to hinder the oxidation of the CuNW films under current flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Mock
- Chair of Nanoelectronics, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany.
| | - Marco Bobinger
- Chair of Nanoelectronics, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany.
| | - Christian Bogner
- Chair of Nanoelectronics, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany.
| | - Paolo Lugli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano-Bozen, Italy.
| | - Markus Becherer
- Chair of Nanoelectronics, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany.
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21
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Fan W, Jin Y, Huang Y, Pan J, Du W, Pu Z. Room‐temperature self‐healing and reprocessing of Diselenide‐containing waterborne polyurethanes under visible light. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wuhou Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather ManufactureSichuan University Chengdu, 610065 People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSichuan University, Ministry of Education Chengdu, 610065 People's Republic of China
- High‐tech Organic Fibers Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Textile Scientific Research Institute Chengdu 610072 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather ManufactureSichuan University Chengdu, 610065 People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSichuan University, Ministry of Education Chengdu, 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- High‐tech Organic Fibers Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Textile Scientific Research Institute Chengdu 610072 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiezhou Pan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather ManufactureSichuan University Chengdu, 610065 People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSichuan University, Ministry of Education Chengdu, 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Weining Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather ManufactureSichuan University Chengdu, 610065 People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSichuan University, Ministry of Education Chengdu, 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyao Pu
- High‐tech Organic Fibers Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Textile Scientific Research Institute Chengdu 610072 People's Republic of China
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22
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Schönbein AK, Kind J, Thiele CM, Michels JJ. Full Quantification of the Light-Mediated Gilch Polymerization. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Kind
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina M. Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jasper J. Michels
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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23
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Kazemifard S, Naji L, Afshar Taromi F. Enhancing the photovoltaic performance of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells by adding Rhodamine B laser dye as co-sensitizer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 515:139-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Chien HT, Pilat F, Griesser T, Fitzek H, Poelt P, Friedel B. Influence of Environmentally Affected Hole-Transport Layers on Spatial Homogeneity and Charge-Transport Dynamics of Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:10102-10114. [PMID: 29488376 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
After organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells achieved efficiency of more than 10%, the control of stability and degradation mechanisms of solar cells became a prominent task. The increase of device efficiency due to incorporation of a hole-transport layer (HTL) in bulk-heterojunction solar cells has been extensively reported. However, the most widely used HTL material, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), is frequently suspected to be the dominating source for device instability under environmental conditions. Thereby, effects like photooxidation and electrode corrosion are often reported to shorten device lifetime. However, often in environmental device studies, the source of degradation, whether being from the HTL, the active layer, or the metal cathode is rather difficult to distinguish because the external diffusion of oxygen and water affects all components. In this study, different HTLs, namely, those prepared from traditional PEDOT:PSS and also two types of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) are exposed to different environments, such as oxygen, light, or humidity, prior to device finalization under inert conditions. This allows investigating any effects within the HTL and from reactions at its interface to the indium tin oxide electrode or the active layer. The surface and bulk chemistry of the exposed HTL has been monitored and discussed in context to the observed device physics, dynamic charge transport, and spatial performance homogeneity of the corresponding OPV device. The results show that merely humidity exposure of the HTL leads to decreased device performance for PEDOT:PSS, but also for one type of the tested MoO3. The losses are related to the amount of absorbed water in the HTL, inducing loss of active area in terms of interfacial contact. The device with PEDOT:PSS HTL after humid air exposure showed seriously decreased photocurrent by microdelamination of swelling/shrinkage of the hygroscopic layer. The colloidal MoO3 with water-based precursor solution presents slight decay of solar cell performance, also here caused by swelling/shrinking reaction, but by a combination of in-plane particle contact and resistance scaling with particle expansion. However, the device with quasi-continuous and alcohol-based MoO3 showed unharmed stable electrical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Griesser
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials , University of Leoben , 8700 Leoben , Austria
| | | | | | - Bettina Friedel
- illwerke vkw Endowed Professorship for Energy Efficiency, Energy Research Center , Vorarlberg University of Applied Sciences , 6850 Dornbirn , Austria
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25
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Jacobs IE, Moulé AJ. Controlling Molecular Doping in Organic Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1703063. [PMID: 28921668 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic electronics thrives on the hope of enabling low-cost, solution-processed electronic devices with mechanical, optoelectronic, and chemical properties not available from inorganic semiconductors. A key to the success of these aspirations is the ability to controllably dope organic semiconductors with high spatial resolution. Here, recent progress in molecular doping of organic semiconductors is summarized, with an emphasis on solution-processed p-type doped polymeric semiconductors. Highlighted topics include how solution-processing techniques can control the distribution, diffusion, and density of dopants within the organic semiconductor, and, in turn, affect the electronic properties of the material. Research in these areas has recently intensified, thanks to advances in chemical synthesis, improved understanding of charged states in organic materials, and a focus on relating fabrication techniques to morphology. Significant disorder in these systems, along with complex interactions between doping and film morphology, is often responsible for charge trapping and low doping efficiency. However, the strong coupling between doping, solubility, and morphology can be harnessed to control crystallinity, create doping gradients, and pattern polymers. These breakthroughs suggest a role for molecular doping not only in device function but also in fabrication-applications beyond those directly analogous to inorganic doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian E Jacobs
- Department of Materials Science, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Adam J Moulé
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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26
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Ahner J, Micheel M, Geitner R, Schmitt M, Popp J, Dietzek B, Hager MD. Self-healing Functional Polymers: Optical Property Recovery of Conjugated Polymer Films by Uncatalyzed Imine Metathesis. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ahner
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Mathias Micheel
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Geitner
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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27
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Stephen M, Genevičius K, Juška G, Arlauskas K, Hiorns RC. Charge transport and its characterization using photo-CELIV in bulk heterojunction solar cells. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meera Stephen
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA); IPREM (EPCP, CNRS-UMR 5254); 2 Avenue Président Angot 64053 Pau France
- Department of Solid State Electronics; Vilnius University; Lithuania
| | | | - Gytis Juška
- Department of Solid State Electronics; Vilnius University; Lithuania
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28
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Anselmo AS, Dzwilewski A, Svensson K, Moons E. Photodegradation of the electronic structure of PCBM and C60 films in air. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Thomas SW, Pawle RH, Smith ZC. Stimuli-responsive side chains for new function from conjugated materials. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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The Influence of Conjugated Polymer Side Chain Manipulation on the Efficiency and Stability of Polymer Solar Cells. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9030181. [PMID: 28773308 PMCID: PMC5456685 DOI: 10.3390/ma9030181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The stability of polymer solar cells (PSCs) can be influenced by the introduction of particular moieties on the conjugated polymer side chains. In this study, two series of donor-acceptor copolymers, based on bis(thienyl)dialkoxybenzene donor and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BT) or thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (TzTz) acceptor units, were selected toward effective device scalability by roll-coating. The influence of the partial exchange (5% or 10%) of the solubilizing 2-hexyldecyloxy by alternative 2-phenylethoxy groups on efficiency and stability was investigated. With an increasing 2-phenylethoxy ratio, a decrease in solar cell efficiency was observed for the BT-based series, whereas the efficiencies for the devices based on the TzTz polymers remained approximately the same. The photochemical degradation rate for PSCs based on the TzTz polymers decreased with an increasing 2-phenylethoxy ratio. Lifetime studies under constant sun irradiance showed a diminishing initial degradation rate for the BT-based devices upon including the alternative side chains, whereas the (more stable) TzTz-based devices degraded at a faster rate from the start of the experiment upon partly exchanging the side chains. No clear trends in the degradation behavior, linked to the copolymer structural changes, could be established at this point, evidencing the complex interplay of events determining PSCs’ lifetime.
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31
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Abstract
This review highlights the factors limiting the stability of organic solar cells and recent developments in strategies to increase the stability of organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
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32
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Topolniak I, Gardette JL, Therias S. Influence of zeolite nanoparticles on photostability of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH). Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Wade J, Wood S, Beatrup D, Hurhangee M, Bronstein H, McCulloch I, Durrant JR, Kim JS. Operational electrochemical stability of thiophene-thiazole copolymers probed by resonant Raman spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:244904. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4923197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wade
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Wood
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Beatrup
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hurhangee
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AY, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AY, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AY, United Kingdom
| | - James R. Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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34
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Lim FJ, Krishnamoorthy A, Ho GW. Device Stability and Light-Soaking Characteristics of High-Efficiency Benzodithiophene-Thienothiophene Copolymer-Based Inverted Organic Solar Cells with F-TiO(x) Electron-Transport Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12119-12127. [PMID: 25961668 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSC) based on low-band-gap thienothiophene-benzodithiophene copolymer have achieved relatively high efficiency (7-9%) in recent times. Among this class of material, poly({4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl}{3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl}) (PTB-7) is one of the high-efficiency materials reported for OSC. However, this material seems to be intrinsically unstable compared to the commonly used workhorse polymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), especially when illuminated in air. Inverted device architecture is usually adopted to improve device stability, but the device stability using PTB-7 is not yet well-understood. In this work, a systematic degradation study on a PTB-7:PC71BM-based inverted OSC employing F-TiO(x) as electron-transport layer (ETL) was conducted for the first time. Air stability, photostability in inert atmosphere, and photostability under ambient conditions of the device were separately carried out to understand better the polymer behavior in inverted OSC. The device's air stability with different polymer absorber layers was studied by exposing the devices in air for up to 1500 h. Because of the long and easily cleavable alkoxy side chains in the polymer backbone, a PTB-7:PC71BM-based inverted OSC device is highly susceptible to oxygen and moisture when compared to a P3HT:PC61BM-based device. In addition, with the presence of F-TiO(x) ETL, a significant reduction in light-soaking time was also observed in PTB-7:PC71BM inverted OSC for the first time. The TiO(x)/organic interface was found to be responsible for the reduction in the light-soaking time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Jeng Lim
- †Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block EA No. 06-10, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575 Singapore
- ‡Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, 117574 Singapore
| | | | - Ghim Wei Ho
- †Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block EA No. 06-10, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575 Singapore
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Giannouli M, Drakonakis VM, Savva A, Eleftheriou P, Florides G, Choulis SA. Methods for improving the lifetime performance of organic photovoltaics with low-costing encapsulation. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:1134-54. [PMID: 25684171 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen considerable advances in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), most notably a significant increase in their efficiency, from around 4 % to over 10 %. The stability of these devices, however, continues to remain an issue that needs to be resolved to enable their commercialization. This review discusses the main degradation processes of OPVs and recent methods that help to increase device stability and lifetime. One of the most effective steps that can be taken to increase the lifetime of OPVs is their encapsulation, which protects them from atmospheric degradation. Efficient encapsulation is essential for long-term device performance, but it is equally important for the commercialization of OPVs to strike a balance between achieving the maximum device protection possible and using low-cost processing for their encapsulation. Various encapsulation techniques are discussed herein, with emphasis on their cost effectiveness and their overall suitability for commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrsini Giannouli
- Renewable Energy and Environment Laboratory, Physics Department, University of Patras, 26500 Patras (Greece); Molecular Electronics and Photonics Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, 3041 (Cyprus).
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Chan CY, Wei YF, Chandran HT, Lee CS, Lo MF, Ng TW. Improved efficiency and stability of organic photovoltaic device using UV-ozone treated ZnO anode buffer. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14952e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved PCE (from 2.5 to 3.2%) and stability of SubPc/C60-based OPV device using an UV-ozone treated ZnO anode buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Yee Chan
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF)
- Department of Physics and Materials Science
- City University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-Fang Wei
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF)
- Department of Physics and Materials Science
- City University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hrisheekesh Thachoth Chandran
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF)
- Department of Physics and Materials Science
- City University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF)
- Department of Physics and Materials Science
- City University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute
| | - Ming-Fai Lo
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF)
- Department of Physics and Materials Science
- City University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute
| | - Tsz-Wai Ng
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF)
- Department of Physics and Materials Science
- City University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute
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37
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Characterization of Self-Healing Polymers: From Macroscopic Healing Tests to the Molecular Mechanism. SELF-HEALING MATERIALS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Morse GE, Tournebize A, Rivaton A, Chassé T, Taviot-Gueho C, Blouin N, Lozman OR, Tierney S. The effect of polymer solubilizing side-chains on solar cell stability. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:11884-97. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01158b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The impact of polymer side-chains on encapsulated OPV device stability is studied systematically in a series of low bandgap polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham E. Morse
- Merck Chemicals Ltd
- Chilworth Technical Centre
- University Parkway
- Southampton
- UK
| | | | | | - Thomas Chassé
- Universität Tübingen
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | | | - Nicolas Blouin
- Merck Chemicals Ltd
- Chilworth Technical Centre
- University Parkway
- Southampton
- UK
| | - Owen R. Lozman
- Merck Chemicals Ltd
- Chilworth Technical Centre
- University Parkway
- Southampton
- UK
| | - Steven Tierney
- Merck Chemicals Ltd
- Chilworth Technical Centre
- University Parkway
- Southampton
- UK
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Bondarev D, Trhlíková O, Sedláček J, Vohlídal J. Stability of MEH-PPV: Poly{[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene]vinylene} in solutions exposed to air in the dark and at daylight at laboratory temperature. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hiralal P, Chien C, Lal NN, Abeygunasekara W, Kumar A, Butt H, Zhou H, Unalan HE, Baumberg JJ, Amaratunga GAJ. Nanowire-based multifunctional antireflection coatings for solar cells. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:14555-14562. [PMID: 25350481 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01914h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic (P3HT/PCBM) solar cells are coated with ZnO nanowires as antireflection coatings and show up to 36% enhancement in efficiency. The improvement is ascribed to an effective refractive index which results in Fabry-Perot absorption bands which match the polymer band-gap. The effect is particularly pronounced at high light incidence angles. Simultaneously, the coating is used as a UV-barrier, demonstrating a 50% reduction in the rate of degradation of the polymers under accelerated lifetime testing. The coating also allows the surface of the solar cell to self-clean via two distinct routes. On one hand, photocatalytic degradation of organic material on ZnO is enhanced by the high surface area of the nanowires and quantified by dye degradation measurements. On the other, the surface of the nanowires can be functionalized to tune the water contact angle from superhydrophilic (16°) to superhydrophobic (152°), resulting in self-cleaning via the Lotus effect. The multifunctional ZnO nanowires are grown by a low cost, low temperature hydrothermal method, compatible with process limitations of organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritesh Hiralal
- Centre of Advanced Photonics and Electronics, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Av., CB3 0FA, Cambridge, UK.
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Aoyama Y, Yamanari T, Murakami TN, Nagamori T, Marumoto K, Tachikawa H, Mizukado J, Suda H, Yoshida Y. Initial photooxidation mechanism leading to reactive radical formation of polythiophene derivatives. Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2014.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Silva HS, Tournebize A, Bégué D, Peisert H, Chassé T, Gardette JL, Therias S, Rivaton A, Hiorns RC. A universal route to improving conjugated macromolecule photostability. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10806j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Momodu D, Bello A, Dangbegnon J, Barzeger F, Fabiane M, Manyala N. P3HT:PCBM/nickel-aluminum layered double hydroxide-graphene foam composites for supercapacitor electrodes. J Solid State Electrochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-014-2602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Oh JY, Shin M, Lee HW, Lee YJ, Baik HK, Jeong U. Enhanced air stability of polymer solar cells with a nanofibril-based photoactive layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:7759-7765. [PMID: 24684501 DOI: 10.1021/am501034g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the rapid increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of polymer solar cells (PSCs), the poor stability of the photoactive layer in air under sunlight is a critical problem blocking commercialization of PSCs. This study investigates the photo-oxidation behavior of a bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) photoactive film made of single-crystalline poly(3-hexlythiophene) (P3HT) nanofibrils and fullerene derivatives [phenyl-C61-butyric methyl ester (PCBM), indene-C 60 bisadduct (ICBA)]. Because the single-crystalline P3HT nanofibrils had tightly packed π-π stacking, the permeation of oxygen and water into the nanofibrils was significantly reduced. Chemical changes in P3HT were not apparent in the nanofibrils, and hence the air stability of the nanofibril-based BHJ film was considerably enhanced as compared with conventional BHJ films. The chemical changes were monitored by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and UV-vis absorbance. Inverted PSCs made of the nanofibril-based BHJ layer also showed significantly enhanced air stability under sunlight. The nanofibril-based solar cell maintained more than 80% of its initial PCE after 30 days of continuous exposure to sunlight (AM 1.5G, 100 mW/cm(2)), whereas the PCE of the conventional BHJ solar cell decreased to 20% of its initial PCE under the same experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , 134 Shinchong-dong, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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45
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Rivaton A, Tournebize A, Gaume J, Bussière PO, Gardette JL, Therias S. Photostability of organic materials used in polymer solar cells. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Marin L, Penxten H, Van Mierloo S, Carleer R, Lutsen L, Vanderzande D, Maes W. In situ
monitoring the thermal degradation of PCPDTBT low band gap polymers with varying alkyl side-chain patterns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Marin
- Design and Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS); Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University; Agoralaan 1 - Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
- IMEC; IMOMEC Ass. Lab.; Universitaire Campus; Wetenschapspark 1; 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Huguette Penxten
- Design and Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS); Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University; Agoralaan 1 - Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Sarah Van Mierloo
- Design and Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS); Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University; Agoralaan 1 - Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Robert Carleer
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry; Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University; Agoralaan 1 - Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Laurence Lutsen
- IMEC; IMOMEC Ass. Lab.; Universitaire Campus; Wetenschapspark 1; 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderzande
- Design and Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS); Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University; Agoralaan 1 - Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
- IMEC; IMOMEC Ass. Lab.; Universitaire Campus; Wetenschapspark 1; 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Wouter Maes
- Design and Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS); Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University; Agoralaan 1 - Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
- IMEC; IMOMEC Ass. Lab.; Universitaire Campus; Wetenschapspark 1; 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
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Angmo D, Gonzalez-Valls I, Veenstra S, Verhees W, Sapkota S, Schiefer S, Zimmermann B, Galagan Y, Sweelssen J, Lira-Cantu M, Andriessen R, Kroon JM, Krebs FC. Low-cost upscaling compatibility of five different ITO-free architectures for polymer solar cells. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dechan Angmo
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage; Technical University of Denmark; Frederiksborgvej 399 DK-4000 Roskilde Denmark
| | - Irene Gonzalez-Valls
- Centre de Investigaciò en Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (CIN2-CSIC); Laboratory of Nanostructured Materials for Photovoltaic Energy; Campus UAB, Edifici ETSE 2nd Floor. Bellaterra (Barcelona) E-08193 Spain
| | - Sjoerd Veenstra
- ECN; High Tech Campus 5, 5656 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Solliance, High Tech Campus; 5656 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Wiljan Verhees
- ECN; High Tech Campus 5, 5656 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Solliance, High Tech Campus; 5656 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Subarna Sapkota
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE; Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Sebastian Schiefer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE; Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Birger Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE; Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Yulia Galagan
- Holst Center; PO BOX 8550, 5605 KN Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Solliance, High Tech Campus; 5656 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jorgen Sweelssen
- Holst Center; PO BOX 8550, 5605 KN Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Solliance, High Tech Campus; 5656 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Monica Lira-Cantu
- Centre de Investigaciò en Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (CIN2-CSIC); Laboratory of Nanostructured Materials for Photovoltaic Energy; Campus UAB, Edifici ETSE 2nd Floor. Bellaterra (Barcelona) E-08193 Spain
| | - Ronn Andriessen
- Holst Center; PO BOX 8550, 5605 KN Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Solliance, High Tech Campus; 5656 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jan M. Kroon
- ECN; High Tech Campus 5, 5656 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Solliance, High Tech Campus; 5656 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Frederik C. Krebs
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage; Technical University of Denmark; Frederiksborgvej 399 DK-4000 Roskilde Denmark
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Aoyama Y, Yamanari T, Koumura N, Tachikawa H, Nagai M, Yoshida Y. Photo-induced oxidation of polythiophene derivatives: Dependence on side chain structure. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Buaki-Sogo M, de Miguel M, Atienzar P, Álvaro M, García H. Formation and properties of a hybrid organosilica with a p-phenylene vinylene polymer partially grafted to the walls. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:618-26. [PMID: 23345005 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present manuscript reports a mesoporous organosilica (mpSiO(2)) containing a p-phenylene vinylene (PPV) co-polymer partially grafted to the walls of the hybrid material (PPV⊂mpSiO(2)). This material was obtained by using a bis-silylated 2,5-bis(chloromethylphenylene) as the silicon precursor in combination with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) as the surfactant. The final polymer was formed by adding appropriate amounts of 2,2'-{[2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-1,4-phenylene]bis(oxy)}diethanol as the co-monomer and KtBuO as the base. The resulting PPV⊂mpSiO(2) was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR spectroscopy, and magic angle spinning (29) Si NMR spectroscopy; all spectroscopic data were in agreement with the presence of a conducting polymer. The resulting PPV⊂mpSiO(2) material exhibits electrical conductivity, particularly after I(2) doping, an electrochemical response, and electroluminescence. Laser flash photolysis studies of PPV⊂mpSiO(2) indicate that this material can form PPV(·+) polarons that could be responsible for the electrochemical and electroluminescent response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Buaki-Sogo
- Instituto de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV and Departamento de Química, Univ. Politécnica de Valencia, Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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Gupta SK, Dharmalingam K, Pali LS, Rastogi S, Singh A, Garg A. Degradation of organic photovoltaic devices: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1680/nme.12.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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