1
|
Charitopoulou MA, Vouvoudi EC, Achilias DS. Isoconversional Analysis of the Catalytic Pyrolysis of ABS, HIPS, PC and Their Blends with PP and PVC. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2299. [PMID: 39204518 PMCID: PMC11360199 DOI: 10.3390/polym16162299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermochemical recycling of plastics in the presence of catalysts is often employed to facilitate the degradation of polymers. The choice of the catalyst is polymer-oriented, while its selection becomes more difficult in the case of polymeric blends. The present investigation studies the catalytic pyrolysis of polymers abundant in waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE), including poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS), high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) and poly(bisphenol-A carbonate) (PC), along with their blends with polypropylene (PP) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The aim is to study the kinetic mechanism and estimate the catalysts' effect on the activation energy of the degradation. The chosen catalysts were Fe2O3 for ABS, Al-MCM-41 for HIPS, Al2O3 for PC, CaO for Blend A (comprising ABS, HIPS, PC and PP) and silicalite for Blend B (comprising ABS, HIPS, PC, PP and PVC). Thermogravimetric experiments were performed in a N2 atmosphere at several heating rates. Information on the degradation mechanism (degradation steps, initial and final degradation temperature, etc.) was attained. It was found that for pure (co)polymers, the catalytic degradation occurred in one-step, whereas in the case of the blends, two steps were required. For the estimation of the activation energy of those degradations, isoconversional kinetic models (integral and differential) were employed. In all cases, the catalysts used were efficient in reducing the estimated Eα, compared to the values of Eα obtained from conventional pyrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Evangelia C. Vouvoudi
- Laboratory of Polymers and Colours Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mirji R, Lobo B, Dutta D, Masti SP, Eelager MP. Experimental investigation of the structural features of polycarbonate (PC) filled with bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (BNP) composite films in terms of free volume defects probed by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 196:110773. [PMID: 36921430 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (BNP) on the properties and microstructural features of polycarbonate (PC) has been investigated using PALT, XRD, SEM, EDX, TG, ATR-FTIR and tensile mechanical measurements. Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy reveals that the ortho-positronium lifetime and its corresponding intensity significantly decrease as the filler level of BNP in PC (in the composite) increases from 0.3 wt% up to 5.0 wt%. This is due to the increasing fraction of positrons that annihilate with the filler particles and also in the interfacial layers of the filler and the host polymer. Fourier Transform Infrared spectra show that there is no significant shift in the IR bands of the composite when compared to those of pure PC, and so there is little molecular level interaction between PC and BNP. The micrographs of SEM revealed a random distribution of filler particles in the composite, and there is the formation of agglomerates of BNP at higher filler levels. There is an increase in the degree of crystallinity of the composite films due to the addition of the crystalline filler, which was confirmed by XRD analysis. Tensile mechanical tests confirmed the improved tensile strength of prepared composites at lower and moderate filler levels, from 0.0 wt % up to 2.5 wt%. The free volume properties of the composite films are correlated with its tensile mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari Mirji
- Department of Physics, Karnatak University's Karnatak Science College, Dharwad, 580 001, Karnataka, India
| | - Blaise Lobo
- Department of Physics, Karnatak University's Karnatak Science College, Dharwad, 580 001, Karnataka, India.
| | - Dhanadeep Dutta
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - Saraswati P Masti
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University's Karnatak Science College, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580001, India
| | - Manjunath P Eelager
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University's Karnatak Science College, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580001, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tuna B. Reactive Extrusion of Recycled Polycarbonate Using Chain Extenders. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793123010281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
|
4
|
Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing of High Temperature Polyetherimide (PEI)-Based Polymer Systems for Lightweight Aerospace Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030561. [PMID: 36771862 PMCID: PMC9920440 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid innovations in 3-D printing technology have created a demand for multifunctional composites. Advanced polymers like amorphous thermoplastic polyetherimide (PEI) can create robust, lightweight, and efficient structures while providing high-temperature stability. This work manufactured ULTEM, a PEI-based polymer, and carbon-fiber-infused ULTEM multi-material composites with varying layering patterns (e.g., AAABBB vs. ABABAB) using fused filament fabrication (FFF). The microstructure of fractured surfaces and polished cross-sections determined that the print quality of layers printed closer to the heated bed was higher than layers closer to the top surface, primarily due to the thermal insulating properties of the material itself. Mechanical properties of the multi-material parts were between those of the single-material parts: an ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus of 59 MPa and 3.005 GPa, respectively. Multi-material parts from the same filaments but with different layering patterns showed different mechanical responses. Prints were of higher quality and demonstrated a higher elastic modulus (3.080 GPa) when consecutive layers were printed from the same filament (AAABBB) versus parts with printed layers of alternating filaments (ABABAB), which showed a higher ultimate strength (62.04 MPa). These results demonstrate the potential for creatively designing multi-material printed parts that may enhance mechanical properties.
Collapse
|
5
|
Fabrication of Inorganic Coatings Incorporated with Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Improving Fire Retardancy of Wooden Substrates. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245542. [PMID: 36559909 PMCID: PMC9784433 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flame-retardant chemicals are frequently used within consumer products and can even be employed as a treatment on the surface of different types of materials (e.g., wood, steel, and textiles) to prevent fire or limit the rapid spread of flames. Functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) nanosheets are a promising construction coating nanomaterial that can be blended with sodium metasilicate and gypsum to reduce the flammability of construction buildings. In this work, we designed and fabricated novel and halogen-free FGO sheets using the modified Hummers method; and subsequently functionalized them by pentaerythritol through a chemical impregnation process before dispersing them within the construction coating. Scanning electron microscopic images confirm that the FGO-filled coating was uniformly dispersed on the surface of wooden substrates. We identified that the FGO content is a critical factor affecting the fire retardancy. Thermogravimetric analysis of the FGO coating revealed that higher char residue can be obtained at 700 °C. Based on the differential scanning calorimetry, the exothermic peak contained a temperature delay in the presence of FGO sheets, primarily due to the formation of a thermal barrier. Such a significant improvement in the flame retardancy confirms that the FGO nanosheets are superior nanomaterials to be employed as a flame-retardant construction coating nanomaterial for improving thermal management within buildings.
Collapse
|
6
|
Qiao H, Lin X, Zhong W, Lan J, Zhang H, Chen M. Smoke suppression and thermal conductivity of epoxy resin modified by
Al
2
O
3
and hyperbranched flame retardant. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Qiao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Xiuhuang Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Research and Development Department Xiamen Waexim Rubber Co., Ltd Xiamen China
| | - Jiashui Lan
- Research and Development Department Xiamen Waexim Rubber Co., Ltd Xiamen China
| | - Huagui Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Mingfeng Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Study of thermal degradation behavior and kinetics of ABS/PC blend. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2020-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This work investigated kinetics and thermal degradation of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polycarbonate (ABS/PC) blend using thermogravimetric analysis in the range of 25 to 520°C. For thermal degradation of blend, activation energy (E
a
) and pre-exponential factor (A) were calculated under various heating rates as 5, 10, 15 and 20°C/min using iso-conversional model-free methods (Kissinger, Flynn-Wall- Ozawa and Friedman). Mass loss of the blend as a function of temperature was plotted as thermogravimetric curve (TG) while derivative values of mass loss were drawn as derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curve. Using Kissinger method, E
a
was 51.4 kJ/mol, while values calculated from FWO and Friedman method were 86–161 and 30–251 kJ/mol respectively. Results showed increasing trend of E
a
with higher conversion values indicating different degradation mechanisms at the initial and final stages of the experiment. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change (ΔH), Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and entropy change (ΔS) were also calculated.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu YH, Wang CC, Chen CY. The thermal degradation mechanism and kinetic analysis of hydrogenated bisphenol-A polycarbonate. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
9
|
Wang B, Zhang X, Zhang L, Feng Y, Liu C, Shen C. Simultaneously reinforcing and toughening poly(lactic acid) by incorporating reactive melt‐functionalized silica nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold of Ministry of EducationZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold of Ministry of EducationZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Lutong Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold of Ministry of EducationZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Yuezhan Feng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold of Ministry of EducationZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold of Ministry of EducationZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Changyu Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold of Ministry of EducationZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen Y, Wu X, Qian L. Flame‐retardant behavior and protective layer effect of phosphazene‐triazine bi‐group flame retardant on polycarbonate. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Engineering Laboratory of non‐halogen flame retardants for polymers Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing China
| | - Xingde Wu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Engineering Laboratory of non‐halogen flame retardants for polymers Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Engineering Laboratory of non‐halogen flame retardants for polymers Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mechanical and Thermal Behavior of Ultem® 9085 Fabricated by Fused-Deposition Modeling. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10093170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fused-deposition modeling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technique which is widely used for the fabrication of polymeric end-use products in addition to the development of prototypes. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in the scientific and industrial communities for new materials showing high performance, which can be used in a wide range of applications. Ultem 9085 is a thermoplastic material that can be processed by FDM; it recently emerged thanks to such good properties as excellent flame retardancy, low smoke generation, and good mechanical performance. A deep knowledge of this material is therefore necessary to confirm its potential use in different fields. The aim of this paper is the investigation of the mechanical and thermal properties of Ultem 9085. Tensile strength and three-point flexural tests were performed on samples with XY, XZ, and ZX building orientations. Moreover, the influence of different ageing treatments performed by varying the maximum reached temperature and relative humidity on the mechanical behavior of Ultem 9085 was then investigated. The thermal and thermo-oxidative behavior of this material was also determined through thermal-gravimetric analyses.
Collapse
|
12
|
Feng Y, Li X, Zhao X, Ye Y, Zhou X, Liu H, Liu C, Xie X. Synergetic Improvement in Thermal Conductivity and Flame Retardancy of Epoxy/Silver Nanowires Composites by Incorporating "Branch-Like" Flame-Retardant Functionalized Graphene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21628-21641. [PMID: 29856592 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The significant fire hazards on the polymer-based thermal interface materials (TIM) used in electronic devices are but often neglected. Also, high filler loading with the incident deterioration of mechanical, thermal, and processing properties limits the further application of the traditional polymer-based TIMs. In this work, a ternary TIMs with epoxy resin (EP) matrix, silver nanowires (AgNWs), and a small amount of flame-retardant functionalized graphene (GP-DOPO) were proposed to address the above questions. Briefly, a facile "branch-like" strategy with a polymer as the backbone and flame-retardant molecule as the branch was first used to functionalize reduced graphene oxide (RGO) toward increasing the flame-retardant grafting ratio and RGO's compatibility in matrix, and the resulted GP-DOPO was then in situ introduced into the EP/AgNW composites. As expected, the incorporation of GP-DOPO (2 wt %) can increase the thermal conductivity to 1.413 W/(m K) at a very low AgNW loading (4 vol %), which is 545 and 56% increments compared to pure EP and EP/AgNW, respectively. The prominent improvement in thermal conductivity was put down to the synergetic effect of AgNW and GP-DOPO, i.e., the improving dispersion and bridging effect for AgNWs by adding GP-DOPO. Moreover, the high flame-retardant grafting amount and the excellent compatibility of GP-DOPO resulted in a strong catalytic charring effect on EP matrix, which further formed a robust protective char layer by combining the AgNW and graphene network. Therefore, the flame retardancy of EP/AgNW was significantly improved by introducing GP-DOPO, i.e., the peak heat release rate, total heat release and total smoke production reduced by 27.0, 32.4, and 30.9% reduction compared to EP/AgNW, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhan Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | | | | | | | | | - Hu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Feng Y, He C, Wen Y, Ye Y, Zhou X, Xie X, Mai YW. Superior flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy-based composites with phosphorus/nitrogen co-doped graphene. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 346:140-151. [PMID: 29257978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus and/or nitrogen doping is an effective method of improving the physical and chemical properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). In this work, phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped rGO (PN-rGO), synthesized using a scalable hydrothermal and microwave process, was used as an additive to improve the flame retardancy of epoxy resin (EP) for the first time. Chemical structure and morphology characterization confirmed that the nitrogen and phosphorus atoms were doped into the graphite lattice adopting pyrrolic-N, pyridinic-N, quaternary-N and pyrophosphate and metaphosphate forms. Doping increased the oxidization resistance of rGO and the thermal-oxidative stability of its composites' char, while also improving the catalytic charring ability of polymer. Both effects resulted in the formation of a stable char protective layer during burning and to a significant improvement in flame retardation and smoke suppression in the final composites. The peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) for the EP-based composite (containing 5 wt% PN-rGO) decreased by 30.9%, 29.3% and 51.3%, respectively, compared to neat EP. Our work has produced a promising graphene-based flame retardant additive for the mass production of high-performance composites, also expended the application of heteroatom-doped graphene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chengen He
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yingfeng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yunsheng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xingping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiu-Wing Mai
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Centre for Advanced Materials Technology (CAMT), School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering J07, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou K, Tang G, Gao R, Jiang S. In situ growth of 0D silica nanospheres on 2D molybdenum disulfide nanosheets: Towards reducing fire hazards of epoxy resin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 344:1078-1089. [PMID: 30216967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This report described a facile process for the preparation of 2D/0D MoS2-SiO2 hybrids using a simple in situ growth method, with the purpose of promoting the dispersion of MoS2 in polymer matrices and improving the properties of polymer materials. FTIR, XPS, TGA and TEM measurements were performed to characterize the structure and morphology of the synthesized hybrids which were then introduced into epoxy to reduce flammability. The hybrids dispersed well in the epoxy matrix. No obvious agglomerations were observed. In comparison with those of neat epoxy, the incorporation of a low loading of MoS2-SiO2 hybrids resulted in significant decrements in heat release rate, total heat release and volume of toxic effluents released during combustion, which indicated that the fire hazards of epoxy composites were strongly reduced. The good dispersion, labyrinth barrier effect and the catalytic effect of MoS2-SiO2 hybrids on char formation may contribute to the observed decrease in the flammability of epoxy resin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keqing Zhou
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, South China University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Gang Tang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China
| | - Rui Gao
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Shudong Jiang
- Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, The Western Park of the Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Y, Wang B, Wang J, Ren Y, Xuan C, Liu C, Shen C. Superhydrophobic and superoleophilic porous reduced graphene oxide/polycarbonate monoliths for high-efficiency oil/water separation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 344:849-856. [PMID: 29190582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic and superoleophilic porous reduced graphene oxide/polycarbonate (RGO/PC) monoliths with novel micro-nanoscale binary structure were first fabricated by thermally impacted nonsolvent induced phase separation (TINIPS) method. Owing to the unique pore structure, the porous monoliths possessed high specific surface area (137.19m2/g) and porosity (91.3%). The superhydrophobic RGO/PC monoliths exhibited excellent capability to selectively adsorb a wide range of oils and organic solvents from water. Furthermore, the monoliths could keep a stable repellency against corrosive mediums (e.g., acidic and alkali solutions). Based on these superior properties, porous RGO/PC monoliths will be a promising candidate for high-efficiency oil/water separation to deal with water pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingke Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
| | - Jinhan Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Yufei Ren
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Chaoyang Xuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
| | - Changyu Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dagar A, Narula AK. Fabrication of thermoplastic composites using fly-ash a coal and hollow glass beads to study their mechanical, thermal, rheological, morphological and flame retradency properties. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427217090191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
17
|
Mendonça da Rocha Oliveira L, Vedovello P, Paranhos CM. Polycarbonate/1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride composite membranes and short-range chain mobility analysis. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Priscila Vedovello
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of São Carlos; São Carlos São Paulo CEP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Caio Marcio Paranhos
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of São Carlos; São Carlos São Paulo CEP 13565-905 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yadav R, Naebe M, Wang X, Kandasubramanian B. Structural and Thermal Stability of Polycarbonate Decorated Fumed Silica Nanocomposite via Thermomechanical Analysis and In-situ Temperature Assisted SAXS. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7706. [PMID: 28794493 PMCID: PMC5550471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The inorganic and organic nanocomposites have enticed wide interest in the field of polymer-based composite systems to augment their physiochemical properties like mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. Achieving interfacial interaction between inorganic filler and polymer matrix is a recurring challenge, which has significant implications for mechanical properties of nanocomposites. In this context, the effect of "interfacial zone" on structural and thermal attributes of the melt blended pristine polycarbonate and polycarbonate (PC) decorated fumed silica nanocomposite have been examined from ambient temperature to the glass transition temperature. Thermomechanical characterization and in-situ temperature assisted small angle X-ray scattering technique (SAXS) were used for contemplating quantitative and qualitative molecular dynamics of developed nanocomposites. Though, the FT-IR spectra have demonstrated some extent of interaction between inorganic and organic groups of composite, the reduced glass transition temperature and storage modulus was ascertained in DMA as well as in DSC, which has been further confirmed by in-situ temperature assisted SAXS. It is envisioned that the utilization of in-situ SAXS in addition to the thermomechanical analysis will render the qualitative and quantitative details about the interfacial zone and its effect on thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposite at varying temperature conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramdayal Yadav
- Deakin University, Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Geelong, Australia
| | - Minoo Naebe
- Deakin University, Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Geelong, Australia.
| | - Xungai Wang
- Deakin University, Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Geelong, Australia
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Department of Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, 411025, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Taraghi I, Fereidoon A, Paszkiewicz S, Szymczyk A, Chylinska R, Kochmanska A, Roslaniec Z. Microstructure, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of modified polycarbonate with polyolefin and silica nanoparticles. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Taraghi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Semnan University; Semnan 35131-19111 Iran
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering; West Pomeranian University of Technology; Szczecin Piastow Avenue 19 PL70310 Poland
| | | | - Sandra Paszkiewicz
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering; West Pomeranian University of Technology; Szczecin Piastow Avenue 19 PL70310 Poland
| | - Anna Szymczyk
- Institute of Physics; West Pomeranian University of Technology; Szczecin Piastow Avenue 48 PL70311 Poland
| | - Renata Chylinska
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering; West Pomeranian University of Technology; Szczecin Piastow Avenue 19 PL70310 Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kochmanska
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering; West Pomeranian University of Technology; Szczecin Piastow Avenue 19 PL70310 Poland
| | - Zbigniew Roslaniec
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering; West Pomeranian University of Technology; Szczecin Piastow Avenue 19 PL70310 Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sibeko MA, Luyt AS, Saladino ML, Caponetti E. Morphology, interfacial interaction, and thermal degradation of polycarbonate/MCM-41 (nano)composites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2017.1313808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Sibeko
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa
| | - A. S. Luyt
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - M. L. Saladino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology - STEBICEF and INSTM UdR - Palermo, University of Palermo, Italy
- Center of Large Equipment - ATeN Center, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - E. Caponetti
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology - STEBICEF and INSTM UdR - Palermo, University of Palermo, Italy
- Center of Large Equipment - ATeN Center, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tang H, Liu P, Lu M, Ding Y, Wang F, Gao C, Zhang S, Yang M. Thermal-oxidative effect of a co-condensed nanosilica-based antioxidant in polypropylene. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
22
|
Jin W, Shen D, Liu Q, Xiao R. Evaluation of the co-pyrolysis of lignin with plastic polymers by TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
23
|
Rimez B, Van Assche G, Bourbigot S, Rahier H. Modelled decomposition kinetics of flame retarded poly(vinyl acetate). Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
24
|
Issa AA, Al-Maadeed M, Luyt AS, Mrlik M, Hassan MK. Investigation of the physico-mechanical properties of electrospun PVDF/cellulose (nano)fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Issa
- Material Sciences and Technology Program; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
| | - Mariam Al-Maadeed
- Material Sciences and Technology Program; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
- Center for Advanced Materials; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
| | | | - Miroslav Mrlik
- Center for Advanced Materials; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Feng Y, Wang B, Chen Y, Liu C, Chen J, Shen C. A facile strategy for functionalizing silica nanoparticles by polycarbonate degradation and its application in polymer nanocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
26
|
Katiyar N, Balasubramanian K. Nano-heat-sink thin film composite of PC/three-dimensional networked nano-fumed silica with exquisite hydrophobicity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11597j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient utilization of fumed silica with thermoset resins had been investigated for high temperature applications, which led to extensive exploration of newer materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Katiyar
- Department of Materials Engineering
- DIAT (DU)
- Ministry of Defence
- Pune
- India
| | - K. Balasubramanian
- Department of Materials Engineering
- DIAT (DU)
- Ministry of Defence
- Pune
- India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Katiyar N, Balasubramanian K. Thermal modelling of hybrid composites of nano cenosphere and polycarbonate for a thermal protection system. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07973f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The article explores high temperature applications of novel polycarbonate cenosphere composites for potential use in thermal protection systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Katiyar
- Department of Materials Engineering
- DIAT (DU)
- Ministry of Defence
- Pune, India
| | - K. Balasubramanian
- Department of Materials Engineering
- DIAT (DU)
- Ministry of Defence
- Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|