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Scolaro C, Brahimi S, Falcone A, Beghetto V, Visco A. Mechanical and Physical Changes in Bio-Polybutylene-Succinate Induced by UVC Ray Photodegradation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1288. [PMID: 38732759 PMCID: PMC11085343 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bio-polybutylene succinate (PBS) is a biodegradable polymer obtained from renewable feedstock having physical-mechanical properties like traditional low-density polyethylene (LDPE). PBS is employed by many manufacturing sectors, from biomedical to agri-food and cosmetics. Although some studies have already evaluated the resistance of PBS to photodegradation caused by natural outdoor solar exposure (UVA-UVB), a systematic study on the resistance to degradation caused by exposure to UVC rays, which is the subject of this study, has not yet been carried out. PBS was exposed to UVC either neat or filled with 2% carbon black (CB). Mechanical and physical characterization (tensile, hardness, calorimetry, contact angle, morphology, and surface roughness analyses) indicates that the bulk and surface properties of the polymer matrix changes after exposure to UVC radiations, due to a severe degradation. However, the presence of carbon black compensates for the degradation phenomenon. Because UVC rays are used for the sterilization process, necessary in applications such as biomedical, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food, and other products, a comparison of the protocol used in this paper with the literature's data has been reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Scolaro
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C. da Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Salim Brahimi
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C. da Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Aurora Falcone
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C. da Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Valentina Beghetto
- Crossing S.r.l., Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100 Treviso, Italy;
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Via Torino5 155, 30172 Mestre, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Reattività Chimiche e la Catalisi (CIRCC), Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Visco
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C. da Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.B.); (A.F.)
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials—CNR IPCB, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
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2
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Morici E, Pecoraro G, Carroccio SC, Bruno E, Scarfato P, Filippone G, Dintcheva NT. Understanding the Effects of Adding Metal Oxides to Polylactic Acid and Polylactic Acid Blends on Mechanical and Rheological Behaviour, Wettability, and Photo-Oxidation Resistance. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:922. [PMID: 38611180 PMCID: PMC11013447 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers are of growing interest, but to improve some of their poor properties and performance, the formulation of bio-based blends and/or adding of nanoparticles is required. For this purpose, in this work, two different metal oxides, namely zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), at different concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2%wt.) were added in polylactic acid (PLA) and polylactic acid/polyamide 11 (PLA/PA11) blends to establish their effects on solid-state properties, morphology, melt behaviour, and photo-oxidation resistance. It seems that the addition of ZnO in PLA leads to a significant reduction in its rigidity, probably due to an inefficient dispersion in the melt state, while the addition of TiO2 does not penalize PLA rigidity. Interestingly, the addition of both ZnO and TiO2 in the PLA/PA11 blend has a positive effect on the rigidity because of blend morphology refinement and leads to a slight increase in film hydrophobicity. The photo-oxidation resistance of the neat PLA and PLA/PA11 blend is significantly reduced due to the presence of both metal oxides, and this must be considered when designing potential applications. The last results suggest that both metal oxides could be considered photo-sensitive degradant agents for biopolymer and biopolymer blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Morici
- ATEN Center, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pecoraro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sabrina Carola Carroccio
- CNR-IPCB, Unit of Catania, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
- CNR-IMM, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Elena Bruno
- CNR-IMM, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Ettore Majorana”, Università di Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Scarfato
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy;
| | - Giovanni Filippone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nadka Tz. Dintcheva
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- CNR-IPCB, Unit of Catania, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
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3
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Perišić S, Kalevski K, Grujić A, Nedeljković D, Stajić-Trošić J, Radojević V. Effect of Moisture on the Mechanical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composites Hybridized with Metal Grid Layers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4705. [PMID: 38139957 PMCID: PMC10748366 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Wood-plastic composites (WPCs) are some of the most common modern composite materials for interior and exterior design that combine natural waste wood properties and the molding possibility of a thermoplastic polymer binder. The addition of reinforcing elements, binding agents, pigments, and coatings, as well as changes to the microstructure and composition, can all affect the quality of WPCs for particular purposes. To improve the properties, hybrid composite panels of WPCs with 30 wt. % and 40 wt. % of wood content and reinforced with one or three metal grid layers were prepared sequentially by extrusion and hot pressure molding. The results show an average 20% higher moisture absorption for composites with higher wood content. A high impact test (HIT) revealed that the absorbed energy of deformation increased with the number of metal grid layers, regardless of the wood content, around two times for all samples before water immersion and around ten times after water absorption. Also, absorbed energy increases with raised wood content, which is most pronounced in three-metal-grid samples, from 21 J to 26 J (before swelling) and from 15 J to 24 J (after swelling). Flexural tests follow the trends observed by HIT, indicating around 65% higher strength for samples with three metal grid layers vs. samples without a metal grid before water immersion and around 80% higher strength for samples with three metal grid layers vs. samples without a grid after water absorption. The synthesis route, double reinforcing (wood and metal), applied methods of characterization, and optimization according to the obtained results provide a WPC with improved mechanical properties ready for an outdoor purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Perišić
- Innovation Center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Katarina Kalevski
- Faculty of Stomatology Pancevo, University Business Academy, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandar Grujić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.N.); (J.S.-T.)
| | - Dragutin Nedeljković
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.N.); (J.S.-T.)
| | - Jasna Stajić-Trošić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.N.); (J.S.-T.)
| | - Vesna Radojević
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Oprea S, Potolinca VO. UV protection by the inclusion of the methoxybenzophenone moieties into the backbone chain of the polyurethane structure. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Nanomechanical and Electrochemical Properties of ZnO-Nanoparticle-Filled Epoxy Coatings. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the mechanical, nanomechanical, thermal, and electrochemical properties of epoxy coatings with various percentages of ZnO nanoparticles. The prepared coatings were analyzed after complete curing of 7 days. The dispersion of nanoparticles in the matrix was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) followed by Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to evaluate the effect of the nanoparticles on curing and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to evaluate its thermal properties. The electrochemical (anticorrosion) properties of the coatings were analyzed by exposing the prepared coatings to a 3.5% NaCl solution. The obtained results indicated that the addition of the nanoparticles was effective at lower the loadings: higher loadings of the nanoparticles led to increased agglomeration because of higher particle–particle interaction. At higher nanoparticle loadings, the curing process was adversely affected, which led to lower curing percentage. The lower degree of curing affected the thermal, mechanical, and electrochemical properties. The increase in nanoparticle loading beyond 2% negatively affected the coating properties.
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6
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Jiang L, Li X, Fu J, Teng W, Yang H. Experimental study on durability of wood–plastic composites by coupling dry–wet cycles and seawater environment. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangpeng Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan China
| | - Xiaokai Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan China
| | - Jingjing Fu
- Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Nanjing China
| | - Wenxiang Teng
- School of Mechanical Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan China
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7
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Jiang L, Fu J, Liu L, Du P. Wear and thermal behavior of basalt fiber reinforced rice husk/polyvinyl chloride composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangpeng Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan China
| | - Jingjing Fu
- Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Nanjing China
| | - Lihong Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan China
| | - Peng Du
- School of Mechanical Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan China
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8
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Nguyen TV, Dao PH, Nguyen TA, Dang VH, Ha MN, Nguyen TTT, Vu QT, Nguyen NL, Dang TC, Nguyen‐Tri P, Tran DL, Lu LT. Photocatalytic degradation and heat reflectance recovery of waterborne acrylic polymer/ZnO nanocomposite coating. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thien Vuong Nguyen
- Institute for Tropical TechnologyVAST Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and TechnologyVAST Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Phi Hung Dao
- Institute for Tropical TechnologyVAST Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Tuan Anh Nguyen
- Institute for Tropical TechnologyVAST Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Viet Hung Dang
- Polymer Composite and Paper CenterHanoi University of Science and Technology Hai Ba Trung Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Minh Nguyet Ha
- Graduate University of Science and TechnologyVAST Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | | | - Quoc Trung Vu
- Faculty of ChemistryHanoi National University of Education Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Ngọc Linh Nguyen
- Faculty of Training Bachelor of PracticeThanh Do University –Kim Chung Hoa Duc Ha Noi Vietnam
| | | | - Phuong Nguyen‐Tri
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et PhysiqueUniversité du Québec à Trois‐Rivieres Trois‐Rivieres Québec Canada
| | - Dai Lam Tran
- Institute for Tropical TechnologyVAST Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and TechnologyVAST Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Le Trong Lu
- Institute for Tropical TechnologyVAST Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and TechnologyVAST Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
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Chang BP, Mohanty AK, Misra M. Studies on durability of sustainable biobased composites: a review. RSC Adv 2020; 10:17955-17999. [PMID: 35517220 PMCID: PMC9054028 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09554c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive discussion on the long-term durability performance and degradation behaviour of the increasingly popular sustainable biobased composites under various aging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Peng Chang
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre
- Department of Plant Agriculture
- Crop Science Building
- University of Guelph
- Guelph
| | - Amar K. Mohanty
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre
- Department of Plant Agriculture
- Crop Science Building
- University of Guelph
- Guelph
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre
- Department of Plant Agriculture
- Crop Science Building
- University of Guelph
- Guelph
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10
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Xie F, Zhang T, Bryant P, Kurusingal V, Colwell JM, Laycock B. Degradation and stabilization of polyurethane elastomers. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Andrady AL, Pandey KK, Heikkilä AM. Interactive effects of solar UV radiation and climate change on material damage. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:804-825. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp90065e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Solar UV radiation adversely affects the properties of organic materials used in construction, such as plastics and wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Andrady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State Univ
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - K. K. Pandey
- Institute of Wood Science and Technology
- Bengaluru
- India
| | - A. M. Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute R&D/Climate Research
- Helsinki
- Finland
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12
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Zabihi E, Majidi HJ, Pasarvi SK, Shahrampour D, Goudarzi A, Khomeiri M, Hajiabdolrasouli M, Babaei A. Fabrication and Characterization of Polyethylene Nanocomposite Films Containing Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles Synthesized by a Cost-Effective and Safe Method. J MACROMOL SCI B 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2018.1507157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Zabihi
- Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, I. R. Iran
| | - Hoomaan Joz Majidi
- Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, I. R. Iran
| | - Sina Kazemi Pasarvi
- Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, I. R. Iran
| | - Dina Shahrampour
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, I. R. Iran
| | - Alireza Goudarzi
- Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, I. R. Iran
| | - Morteza Khomeiri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, I. R. Iran
| | - Mehdi Hajiabdolrasouli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Hormozagn, Bandar-Abbas, I. R. Iran
| | - Amir Babaei
- Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, I. R. Iran
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Shehzad F, Ahmad MI, Al-Harthi MA. Photooxidative degradation of graphene-reinforced high-density polyethylene nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Shehzad
- Department of Chemical Engineering; King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals; 31261 Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - M. I. Ahmad
- Chemical Skills Department; Jubail Technical Institute; Al-Jubail 31961 Eastern Province Saudi Arabia
| | - M. A. Al-Harthi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals; 31261 Dhahran Saudi Arabia
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology (CENT); King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals; 31261 Dhahran Saudi Arabia
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14
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Pakravan HR, Yari H. The influence of nanostructured UV-blockers on mechanical properties of carbon fiber epoxy composites during accelerated weathering condition. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Pakravan
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Central Tehran Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Hossein Yari
- Department of Surface Coating and Corrosion; Institute for Color Science and Technology; Tehran 1668814811 Iran
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15
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The effect of thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation conditions on rheological, chemical and thermal properties of HDPE. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: Progress report, 2016. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:107-145. [PMID: 28124708 PMCID: PMC6400464 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp90001e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Parties to the Montreal Protocol are informed by three Panels of experts. One of these is the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), which deals with two focal issues. The first focus is the effects of UV radiation on human health, animals, plants, biogeochemistry, air quality, and materials. The second focus is on interactions between UV radiation and global climate change and how these may affect humans and the environment. When considering the effects of climate change, it has become clear that processes resulting in changes in stratospheric ozone are more complex than previously believed. As a result of this, human health and environmental issues will be longer-lasting and more regionally variable. Like the other Panels, the EEAP produces a detailed report every four years; the most recent was published as a series of seven papers in 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2015, 14, 1-184). In the years in between, the EEAP produces less detailed and shorter Progress Reports of the relevant scientific findings. The most recent of these was for 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2016, 15, 141-147). The present Progress Report for 2016 assesses some of the highlights and new insights with regard to the interactive nature of the direct and indirect effects of UV radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change. The more detailed Quadrennial Assessment will be made available in 2018.
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