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Wang C, Zhang X, Nadzir MM, Uyama H, Tang W, Fu D, Xie Z, Wang C, Wang J, Yang J. All-in-one bio-derived poly(L-lactic acid)-based composite with fire-resistance and smoke-suppression performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132610. [PMID: 38788876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The flammability of bio-derived poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) greatly limits its application and eco-friendly multifunctional fire-fighting PLA-based composites are highly desired. In this work, a fully bio-based modified CS (C-CS) and commercially available eco-friendly ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were used as a synergistic flame retardant agent (C-CS/APP) to investigate its effects on fire-proofing performance and diverse properties of the PLA. The PLA/5%C-CS/5%APP composite exhibited excellent fire-resistant performance with anti-droplet, smoke-suppression and self-extinguishing property, and its limited oxygen index enhanced by 37 % (compared with neat PLA). This composite reached the highest V-0 fire safety rating, and its peak of heat release rate and total smoke production reduced by 26.5 % and 68.3 %, respectively. In addition, the char residue yield after the cone calorimeter test increased by 46 times in the composite, indicating an outstanding char-forming capacity. The condensed phase flame retardancy played a crucial role on the fire-fighting of this composite, that is, significantly enhanced char residue (as a physical barrier) blocked the heat exchange and O2 entry, and further suppressed the combustion reaction. Additionally, the PLA-based composite showed outstanding UV-absorption property, good anti-bacterial effect, and increased hydrophilicity and crystallizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Masrina Mohd Nadzir
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Wencong Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Dandan Fu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhanghua Xie
- Tianjin Nengpu Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Huading New Area 1-2-10, Haitai Inovation 6 Road, Huayuan Industrial Park, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chenwan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Junsheng Wang
- Tianjin Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Jinjun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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2
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Ning Y, Liu R, Chi W, An X, Zhu Q, Xu S, Wang L. A chitosan derivative/phytic acid polyelectrolyte complex endowing polyvinyl alcohol film with high barrier, flame-retardant, and antibacterial effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129240. [PMID: 38191105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Films with high barrier, flame-retardant, and antibacterial properties are beneficial in terms of food and logistics safety. Herein, a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) of N-(2-hydroxyl)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC, chitosan derivative) and phytic acid (PA) was successfully prepared and then incorporated into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix to fabricate a composite film with satisfactory barrier, fire-retardant, and antibacterial properties. The influence of HTCC/PA (HTPA) on the structural, physical and functional properties of the PVA matrix was investigated. Compared with the PVA film, PVA-HTPA6 film exhibited 3.38 times of flexibility and 83.33 % and 80.64 % of water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability, respectively. Benefiting from HTPA, the PVA-HTPA6 film exhibited outstanding flame-retardant capacity, with a high LOI value (33.30 %) and immediate self-extinguishing behaviour. Furthermore, the HTPA endowed the films with excellent antibacterial properties. Compared with other films, the PVA-HTPA6 film effectively maintained the quality of pork during storage at 4 °C for 9 days. Our findings indicate that the films are promising for packaging and logistics safety with oil-containing foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Ning
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Ruoting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Wenrui Chi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xinyu An
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Qihao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Shiyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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3
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Dong S, Wang Y, Liu L, Jia H, Zang Y, Zu L, Lan T, Wang J. Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel DOPO-Based Flame Retardant Intermediate and Its Flame Retardancy as a Polystyrene Intrinsic Flame Retardant. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48825-48842. [PMID: 38162735 PMCID: PMC10753556 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The research on intrinsic flame retardant has become a hot topic in the field of flame retardant. The synthesis of reactive flame-retardant monomer is one of the effective methods to obtain an intrinsic flame retardant. In addition, in view of the small molecular flame retardant easily migrates from the polymer during the use process, which leads to the gradual reduction of the flame retardant effect and even the gradual loss of flame retardant performance, and the advantages of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technology in polymer structure design and function customization, we first synthesized reactive flame retardant monomer 6-(hydroxymethyl)dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide (FAA-DOPO), then synthesized polystyrene bromine (PS148-Br) macromolecular initiator by ATRP technology, and finally obtained block copolymer polystyrene-b-poly{6-(hydroxymethyl)dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide} (PS-b-PFAA-DOPO) by the polymerization of FAA-DOPO initiated by macromolecular initiator PS148-Br by ATRP technology. The chemical structure of FAA-DOPO was characterized by 1D and 2D NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT 135, HSQC, COSY, NOE, and HMBC) spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The chemical structure and molecular weight of PS-b-PFAA-DOPO were characterized by FTIR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermal and flame-retardant properties of PS-b-PFAA-DOPO were characterized by thermogravimetry analysis (TG), UL-94, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC). It was found that FAA-DOPO could be used as a monomer for polymerization, although FAA-DOPO had a large steric hindrance from the chemical structure of FAA-DOPO, the UL-94 grade of PS-b-PFAA-DOPO reached the V-0 grade, and the LOI increased by 59.12% compared with PS148-Br.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Dong
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast
Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, People’s
Republic of China
- Heilongjiang
Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yazhen Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast
Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, People’s
Republic of China
- Heilongjiang
Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Hongge Jia
- Heilongjiang
Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yu Zang
- Heilongjiang
Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Liwu Zu
- Heilongjiang
Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Lan
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast
Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, People’s
Republic of China
- Heilongjiang
Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast
Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, People’s
Republic of China
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Feng J, Liu L, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Liang H, Wang H, Song P. Rethinking the pathway to sustainable fire retardants. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20220088. [PMID: 37933239 PMCID: PMC10624375 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardants are currently used in a wide range of industry sectors for saving lives and property by mitigating fire hazards. The growing fire safety requirements for materials boost an escalating demand for consumption of fire retardants. This has significantly driven both the industry and scientific community to pursue sustainable fire retardants, but what makes a sustainable flame retardant? Here an overview of recent advances in sustainable flame retardants is offered, and their renewable raw materials, green synthesis and life cycle assessments are highlighted. A discussion on key challenges that hinder the innovation of fire retardants and design principles for creating truly sustainable yet cost-effective fire retardants are also presented. This short work is expected to help drive the development of sustainable, cost-effective fire retardants, and expedite the creation of a more sustainable and safer society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Feng
- China‐Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and ManufacturingJiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Environment and Safety EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and EngineeringNingboTech UniversityNingboChina
| | - Qingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityTexasUSA
| | - Hong Liang
- Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center, Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityTexasUSA
| | - Hao Wang
- Centre for Future MaterialsUniversity of Southern QueenslandSpringfieldAustralia
| | - Pingan Song
- Centre for Future MaterialsUniversity of Southern QueenslandSpringfieldAustralia
- School of Agriculture and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Southern QueenslandSpringfieldAustralia
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5
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He S, Chi C, Peng C, Zeng B, Chen Y, Miao Z, Xu H, Luo W, Chen G, Fu Z, Dai L. A Novel P/N/Si-Containing Vanillin-Based Compound for a Flame-Retardant, Tough Yet Strong Epoxy Thermoset. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102384. [PMID: 37242961 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
It is still extremely challenging to endow epoxy resins (EPs) with excellent flame retardancy and high toughness. In this work, we propose a facile strategy of combining rigid-flexible groups, promoting groups and polar phosphorus groups with the vanillin compound, which implements a dual functional modification for EPs. With only 0.22% phosphorus loading, the modified EPs obtain a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 31.5% and reach V-0 grade in UL-94 vertical burning tests. Particularly, the introduction of P/N/Si-containing vanillin-based flame retardant (DPBSi) improves the mechanical properties of EPs, including toughness and strength. Compared with EPs, the storage modulus and impact strength of EP composites can increase by 61.1% and 240%, respectively. Therefore, this work introduces a novel molecular design strategy for constructing an epoxy system with high-efficiency fire safety and excellent mechanical properties, giving it immense potential for broadening the application fields of EPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Cheng Chi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chaohua Peng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Birong Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhongxi Miao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Weiang Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Guorong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhenping Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lizong Dai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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6
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Wang J, Yu S, Xiao S. Research progress of triazine flame retardants. Macromol Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-023-00157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Xu B, Wu M, Liu Y, Wei S. Study on Flame Retardancy Behavior of Epoxy Resin with Phosphaphenanthrene Triazine Compound and Organic Zinc Complexes Based on Phosphonitrile. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073069. [PMID: 37049832 PMCID: PMC10095624 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel flame retardant phosphorus-containing organozinc complex (Zn-PDH) was prepared using zinc and iron as the metal center and 4-aminopyridine, with low steric hindrance, as the organic ligand, then using phosphazene to modify the organometallic complex (Zn-4APD). The flame retardant properties and mechanism of Zn-PDH/Tris-(3-DOPO-1-propyl)-triazinetrione (TAD) in epoxy resin (EP) were investigated. Flame inhibition behavior was studied by the vertical combustion test (UL94), while limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurement and flame retardant properties were studied by the cone calorimeter test (CONE). The flame retardant modes of action were explored by using the thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared (TG-FTIR) test, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy (LRS). When TAD and Zn-PDH were added to the epoxy resin in the ratio of 3:1, the system achieved a balance between the gas-phase and condense-phase actions of the flame retardant effects, and the 3%TAD/1%Zn-PDH/EP composite system achieved not only good flame inhibition but also obtained good smoke and heat suppression performance, showing a comprehensive flame retardant performance. The gas phase and Zn-PDH mostly promoted charring with a barrier and protective effect in the condensed phase. As for the mechanism, TAD released the phosphorus-containing radicals and phenoxy radicals during decomposition and mainly exerted a gas-phase quenching effect. While in the condense phase, Zn-PDH promoted the decomposition of the polymer matrix to produce more aromatic structures and rapidly formed a complete and dense carbon layer rich in P-O-C crosslinked structures at high temperatures. Meanwhile, more N entered the gas phase in the form of inert gas, which diluted the concentration of the combustible fuel and helped to inhibit the combustion reaction.
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Wang Y, Ren J, Ou M, Cui J, Guan H, Lian R, Jiao C, Chen X. Flame-retardant and antibacterial properties of cotton fabrics treated by epichlorohydrin-modified aramid nanofibers, ionic liquid, and Cu ion. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Lu J, Cai B, Xu W, Wang L, Luo Z, Wang B. A Nitrogen-Rich DOPO-Based Derivate for Increasing Fire Resistance of Epoxy Resin with Comparable Transparency. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16020519. [PMID: 36676259 PMCID: PMC9865245 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To endow synergistically epoxy resin (EP) with excellent fire resistance and high optical transparency, a nitrogen-rich DOPO-based derivate (named as FATP) was synthesized and incorporated into EP. It showed that the incorporation of the FATP reduced the fire hazard of the EP, as demonstrated by the fact that the EP/4% FATP blends gained a UL-94 V-0 rating and an LOI value of 35%, with the lowest values of the THR (86.7 MJ/m2), the PHRR (1059.3 kW/m2), and the TSP (89.6 MJ/m2). The presence of the FATP also reduced the thermal stability and the crosslinking density whilst improving the curing reaction and the storage modulus of the EP/FATP blends. The TG-FTIR spectra showed that •HPO/•PO free radicals and some nonflammable gases (HN3 and NH3) were produced during the pyrolysis, and the characterization (SEM, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS) of char residues confirmed that the FATP facilitated the formation of continuous and compact carbon layers of greater graphitization degree. It was thus concluded that the FATP played the flame-retardant roles in both the gas and condensed phases. Furthermore, the FREPs kept almost identical transparency as the pristine EP, and mechanical properties were also slightly enhanced. The FREPs presented in this work show promising applications in the fields of advanced optical technology.
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10
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Polysilsesquioxane reinforced cardanol derived elastomeric thermoset: preparation, characterization and properties. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-022-01080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Wei J, Duan Y, Wang H, Hui J, Qi J. Bio-based trifunctional diphenolic acid epoxy resin with high Tg and low expansion coefficient: synthesis and properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Wang J, Guo Y, Zhao S, Zhu Z, Huang Y, Tian T, Zhou Y, Bi L. Low flammability epoxy resin enabled by a phosphaphenanthrene-based oligomer. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Hou Z, Cai H, Li C, Li B, Wang H. A phosphorus/silicon/triazine‐containing flame retardant towards flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan PR China
| | - Haopeng Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan PR China
| | - Chuan Li
- Shanghai Composites Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Shanghai PR China
| | - Bolun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan PR China
| | - Huihuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan PR China
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14
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Recent advances in flame retardant epoxy systems containing non-reactive DOPO based phosphorus additives. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Wang X, Liu Q, Wang J, Liu J, Long S, Wang D. Synthesis of multifunctional flame retardant with toughening and transparency and its application in epoxy resin. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Mei F, Tian C, Li H, Huang S, Yu Q, Han Y, Wang Z. A novel nitrogen-containing DPO derivative as flame retardant and co-curing agent for epoxy resin. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.2012472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengce Mei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Chong Tian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hubo Li
- Qingdao Park Management Service Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxi Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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17
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Wang J, Zhou H, Pan Z, Wu H, Wang D. Synthesis of low phosphorus flame retardant containing benzimidazole and hydroxyl and its application in reducing combustion smoke for epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhiquan Pan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hanjun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco‐Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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18
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Fang M, Qian J, Wang X, Chen Z, Guo R, Shi Y. Synthesis of a Novel Flame Retardant Containing Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Silicon and Its Application in Epoxy Resin. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7094-7105. [PMID: 33748623 PMCID: PMC7970578 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel flame retardant (TDA) containing phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon was synthesized successfully via a controllable ring-opening addition reaction between 1,3,5-triglycidyl isocyanurate, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and TDA was then blended with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A to prepare flame-retardant epoxy resins (EPs). The chemical structure and components of TDA were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that after the introduction of TDA, cured EP maintained good thermal stability with a minimum initial decomposition temperature of 337.6 °C, and the char yields of a EP/TDA-5 sample significantly increased by 76.2% compared with that of the neat EP thermoset. Additionally, with the addition of 25.0 wt % TDA (1.05 wt % phosphorus loading), the limited oxygen index value of cured EP increased from 22.5% of pure EP to 33.4%, and vertical burning V-0 rating was easily achieved. Meanwhile, after the incorporation of TDA, the total heat release and total smoke production of the EP/TDA-5 sample obviously reduced by 28.9 and 27.7% in the cone calorimeter test, respectively. Flame-retardant performances and flame-retardant mechanisms were further analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results reveal that the synergistic effect of phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon plays an excellent flame-retardant role in both gaseous and condensed phases. In addition, the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of cured EP thermosets are well maintained rather than destroyed. All the results demonstrate that TDA endows epoxy resin with excellent flame retardancy and possesses great promise in the industrial field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Fang
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuezhi Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ruilin Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yifeng Shi
- Hangzhou
Rongfang Pressure Sensitive New Material Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200237, China
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19
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A phosphaphenanthrene-containing vanillin derivative as co-curing agent for flame-retardant and antibacterial epoxy thermoset. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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21
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Wang J, Tang H, Yu X, Xu J, Pan Z, Zhou H. Reactive organophosphorus flame retardant for transparency, low‐flammability, and mechanical reinforcement epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hao Tang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xuejun Yu
- National Phosphorus Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Three Gorges Public Inspection and Testing Center Yichang China
| | - Jin Xu
- Institue of Pharmaceutical Science King's College London UK
| | - Zhiquan Pan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
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22
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Cui M, Li J, Qin D, Sun J, Chen Y, Xiang J, Yan J, Fan H. Intumescent flame retardant behavior of triazine group and ammonium polyphosphate in waterborne polyurethane. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Kong Q, Zhu H, Fan J, Zheng G, Zhang C, Wang Y, Zhang J. Boosting flame retardancy of epoxy resin composites through incorporating ultrathin nickel phenylphosphate nanosheets. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Kong
- School of the Environment and safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Haojie Zhu
- School of the Environment and safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Jinsong Fan
- School of the Environment and safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Guolin Zheng
- School of the Environment and safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Caijiao Zhang
- School of the Environment and safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of the Environment and safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Junhao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang China
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24
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Shang W, Jiang H. Preparation and properties of a novel fluorinated epoxy resin/DGEBA blend for application in electronic materials. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320902216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel epoxy monomer 4-trifluoromethyl phenylhydroquinone epoxy resin (4-TFMEP) was synthesized via a multistep procedure including the Meerwein arylation reaction and followed by nucleophilic reaction. The chemical structure of 4-TFMEP was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectrum. Then a mixed system (DGEBA/4-TFMEP x%) composed of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and 4-TFMEP was prepared by a melting method without any solvent. After curing, the properties of this series of mixed epoxy resins were measured and compared with the neat DGEBA. As a result, the blend resins exhibited good thermal stability, excellent hydrophobic and low dielectric properties with 4-TFMEP content increasing. Furthermore, the material of DGEBA/4-TFMEP 40% achieves higher glass transition temperature of 104°C and char yield 33% than DGEBA (char yield = 22%) possessed. In the contact angle testing, DGEBA/4-TFMEP 40% shows 127.2° satisfied the standard of hydrophobic material. In addition, by the test of dielectric properties, DGEBA/4-TFMEP x% materials show lower than DGEBA/boron trifluoride ethylamine (BF3MEA) material, because of the introduced side group of fluorine content into the material improves the electronegativity of epoxy material and reduced the polarizability of molecules efficient. Herein, we believe the novel mixed epoxy system (DGEBA/4-TFMEP x%) has a potential application in electronic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihui Shang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Research and Development, Changchun Aerospace Composite Materials Co. Ltd, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Cheng J, Wang J, Yang S, Zhang Q, Hu Y, Ding G, Huo S. Aminobenzothiazole-substituted cyclotriphosphazene derivative as reactive flame retardant for epoxy resin. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Movahedifar E, Vahabi H, Saeb MR, Thomas S. Flame Retardant Epoxy Composites on the Road of Innovation: An Analysis with Flame Retardancy Index for Future Development. Molecules 2019; 24:E3964. [PMID: 31683861 PMCID: PMC6866146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, epoxy composites are elements of engineering materials and systems. Although they are known as versatile materials, epoxy resins suffer from high flammability. In this sense, flame retardancy analysis has been recognized as an undeniable requirement for developing future generations of epoxy-based systems. A considerable proportion of the literature on epoxy composites has been devoted to the use of phosphorus-based additives. Nevertheless, innovative flame retardants have coincidentally been under investigation to meet market requirements. This review paper attempts to give an overview of the research on flame retardant epoxy composites by classification of literature in terms of phosphorus (P), non-phosphorus (NP), and combinations of P/NP additives. A comprehensive set of data on cone calorimetry measurements applied on P-, NP-, and P/NP-incorporated epoxy systems was collected and treated. The performance of epoxy composites was qualitatively discussed as Poor, Good, and Excellent cases identified and distinguished by the use of the universal Flame Retardancy Index (FRI). Moreover, evaluations were rechecked by considering the UL-94 test data in four groups as V0, V1, V2, and nonrated (NR). The dimensionless FRI allowed for comparison between flame retardancy performances of epoxy composites. The results of this survey can pave the way for future innovations in developing flame-retardant additives for epoxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Movahedifar
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology-Mahshahr Campus, Mahshahr 424, Iran.
| | - Henri Vahabi
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France.
- Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photoniques et Systèmes, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 57070 Metz, France.
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Departments of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 16765-654, Iran.
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, MG University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India.
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27
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Zhang W, Zheng C, Zhang Y, Guo W. Preparation and Characterization of Flame-Retarded Poly(butylene terephthalate)/Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Blends: Effect of Content and Type of Flame Retardant. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11111784. [PMID: 31683625 PMCID: PMC6918192 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A flame retardant named TAD was synthesized by the reaction of 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide and triallyl isocyanurate at first. Then, novel flameretarded materials based on PBT and PET resin were formulated via melt blending with TAD, expandable graphite (EG), and a mixture of both. The effect of flame retardant type and TAD content on the flame behavior of PBT/PET blend was carefully investigated. TAD contributed towards higher LOI value and better UL-94 performance than EG. However, the best V-0 rating in the UL-94 test was achieved by the incorporation of TAD/EG mixture into the resin matrix. TAD/EG combination exhibited clear synergistic effect on both reducing the flaming intensity and increasing the residual char layer, as confirmed by cone calorimeter tests and TGA results. SEM images combined with XPS analysis revealed that expansion and migration of EG locked the P-containing radicals from decomposing TAD into the condensed phase, which led to the formation of compact and continuous char layers. All the results in our studies demonstrate that incorporation of TAD with a charring agent EG is an effective and promising technique to develop flame-retarded PBT/PET material, which has high potential for applications in the areas of electronic devices, household products, and automotive parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhou Zhang
- Polymer Processing Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Polymer Processing Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Polymer Processing Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Weihong Guo
- Polymer Processing Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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28
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Zhang Q, Yang S, Wang J, Cheng J, Zhang Q, Ding G, Hu Y, Huo S. A DOPO based reactive flame retardant constructed by multiple heteroaromatic groups and its application on epoxy resin: curing behavior, thermal degradation and flame retardancy. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Chen R, Dai S, Guo T, Tang H, Fan Y, Zhou H. Transparent low‐flammability epoxy resins with improved mechanical properties using tryptamine‐based DOPO derivative. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Shensong Dai
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Tong Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Hao Tang
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Yuqi Fan
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
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30
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A novel flame retardant derived from DOPO and piperazine and its application in epoxy resin: Flame retardance, thermal stability and pyrolysis behavior. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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32
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Jiang H, Sun L, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Ru C, Zhang W, Zhao C. Novel biobased epoxy resin thermosets derived from eugenol and vanillin. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Liu Z, Qiu Y, Qian L, Chen Y, Xu B. Strengthen flame retardancy of epoxy thermoset by montmorillonite particles adhering phosphorus‐containing fragments. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing 100048 People's Republic of China
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34
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Yang B, Li X, Wang L, Zhang Y, Cui J, Guo J, Tian L. An efficient flame retardant for epoxy resin: Preparation and pyrolytic behaviour. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008318815730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Using 4,4-diaminodiphenyl methane as a curing agent, three kinds of monomers, 4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone, diphenyl chlorophosphite and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate (NCO), were introduced into a thermosetting resin (DGEBA). The flame retardancy properties of the composites were studied, and the results were compared with those of 5 wt% bis(bis(4-((diphenoxyphosphoryl)oxy)phenyl)methyl) 1,4-phenylenedicarbamate (DHPP-OH-NCO), 10 wt% DHPP-OH-NCO and 15 wt% DHPP-OH-NCO curing agents. The results showed that 15 wt% DHPP-OH-NCO had an improved flame retardancy, the limited oxygen index reached 33.5% and the vertical burning test (UL94) achieved a V-0 level. A cone calorimeter experiment showed that the addition of the flame retardant significantly reduced the amount of generated smoke and heat. Macroscopic digital images, scanning electron microscopy images and thermogravimetric analysis results further revealed that the epoxy resin (EP) with DHPP-OH-NCO exhibited greater char yields. The flame retardancy mechanism of the flame retardant was preliminarily shown by pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The combined test results demonstrate that a high-efficiency phosphorous-containing flame retardant for EPs was successfully developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoping Yang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lurong Wang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yabin Zhang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Cui
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Tian
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
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35
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Estrogenic activity research of a novel fluorinated bisphenol and preparation of an epoxy resin as alternative to bisphenol A epoxy resin. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Bio-inspired engineering of boron nitride with iron-derived nanocatalyst toward enhanced fire retardancy of epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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38
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Hollow-glass-microsphere-based Biphenyl Epoxy Resin Composite with Low Dielectric Contant. Chem Res Chin Univ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-018-7419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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39
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Tao X, Duan H, Dong W, Wang X, Yang S. Synthesis of an acrylate constructed by phosphaphenanthrene and triazine-trione and its application in intrinsic flame retardant vinyl ester resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Chen X, Wang J, Huo S, Yang S, Zhang B, Cai H. Study on properties of flame-retardant cyanate esters modified with DOPO and triazine compounds. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Siqi Huo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Shuang Yang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Haopeng Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 China
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41
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Preparation and properties of novel fluorinated epoxy resins cured with 4-trifluoromethyl phenylbenzimidazole for application in electronic materials. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Huang S, Hou X, Li J, Tian X, Yu Q, Wang Z. A novel curing agent based on diphenylphosphine oxide for flame-retardant epoxy resin. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008317745957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A phosphorous/nitrogen-containing diphenylphosphine oxide (DPO) derivative (DPO-SS) was designed and synthesized via a two-step reaction of 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde, and DPO. The structure of DPO-SS was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS). DPO-SS was used as a flame retardant and curing agent for copolymerizing with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A. Thermal and flame-retardant properties of the obtained flame-retardant epoxy resin (F-EP) were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic thermomechanical analysis, limited oxygen index (LOI) measurement, vertical burning test (UL-94), and cone calorimeter test. Results indicated that all F-EP samples exhibited excellent thermal stability and flame-retardant property. Especially for F-EP with P content of 0.7 wt% (denoted as EP/P-0.7), it achieved high LOI values (32.4%) and UL-94 V-0 rating. Compared with pure EP, all F-EP samples showed lower heat release rate, total heat release, total smoke produce, and little Tg fluctuation. In order to study the flame-retardant mechanism, the char residues were investigated by FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectrometer analysis. The results manifested that DPO-SS acted as flame retardant in both gas phase and condensed phase. Water absorption properties of pure EP and F-EP were also compared through immersion experiments. Results showed that EP/P-0.7 sample had apparently lower water absorptivity than pure EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Hou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiujuan Tian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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43
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Li Y, Liu K, Zhang J, Xiao R. Preparation and characterizations of inherent flame retarded polyamide 66 containing the phosphorus linking pendent group. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Ke Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Ru Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
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44
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Tang S, Qian L, Qiu Y, Dong Y. Synergistic flame-retardant effect and mechanisms of boron/phosphorus compounds on epoxy resins. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yuping Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 China
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45
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Abstract
A series of flame-retardant epoxy resins (EPs) containing either phenethyl-bridged 9 or 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide derivative (bisDOPO) were prepared. The flame-retardant properties of bisDOPO on EP composites were characterized by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the UL-94 vertical burning, and the cone calorimeter test (CCT).The LOI of the EP/bisDOPO composites increased from 21.8% to 38.0%, and the hybrids with the 10 wt% bisDOPO obtained a V-0 rating in the UL94 vertical burning test. The char residue following the CCT showed intumescent structures with continuous and compact surfaces that can effectively suppress the spread of the flame and extinguish the fire. This was confirmed through both visual observation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. The flame-retardant mechanism was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry, SEM/energy-dispersive X-ray, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Overall, bisDOPO was an effective flame retardant with potential applications within EP.
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46
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Fang Y, Zhou X, Xing Z, Wu Y. An effective flame retardant for poly(ethylene terephthalate) synthesized by phosphaphenanthrene and cyclotriphosphazene. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinchun Fang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile (Ministry of Education); Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Zhiqi Xing
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Yarong Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile (Ministry of Education); Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
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47
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Wang P, Cai Z. Highly efficient flame-retardant epoxy resin with a novel DOPO-based triazole compound: Thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanism. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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48
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Zhang Y, Yu B, Wang B, Liew KM, Song L, Wang C, Hu Y. Highly Effective P–P Synergy of a Novel DOPO-Based Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced
Study, University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren’ai
Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Bin Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Textiles & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bibo Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kim Meow Liew
- Department
of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lei Song
- State
Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengming Wang
- Instruments’
Center For Physical Science/Structure Research Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced
Study, University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren’ai
Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s Republic of China
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49
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Tang S, Wachtendorf V, Klack P, Qian L, Dong Y, Schartel B. Enhanced flame-retardant effect of a montmorillonite/phosphaphenanthrene compound in an epoxy thermoset. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25070j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective barrier effect of OMMT and the flame-inhibition effect of TAD jointly exerted a superior flame-retardant effect, resulting in sufficient flame-retardant effect on epoxy thermosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tang
- School of Materials
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering
| | - Volker Wachtendorf
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und prüfung (BAM)
- 12205 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Patrick Klack
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und prüfung (BAM)
- 12205 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- PR China
| | - Yuping Dong
- School of Materials
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und prüfung (BAM)
- 12205 Berlin
- Germany
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50
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Na T, Jiang H, Zhao L, Zhao C. Preparation and characterization of novel naphthyl epoxy resin containing 4-fluorobenzoyl side chains for low-k dielectrics application. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09941j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel naphthyl epoxy resin was synthesized and cured with MeHHPA. It showed significantly lower dielectric constant and dielectric loss than other commercial epoxy resins due to the introduction of fluorine on the side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Na
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Hao Jiang
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Chengji Zhao
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
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