1
|
Rudawska A, Frigione M, Sarcinella A, Brunella V, Di Lorenzo L, Olewnik-Kruszkowska E. Properties and Performance of Epoxy Resin/Boron Acid Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2092. [PMID: 38730899 PMCID: PMC11084428 DOI: 10.3390/ma17092092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This research study focused on the effect of adding boric acid to epoxy resin in order to obtain a composite material with improved properties and performance. To this end, a fine powder of boric acid (H3BO3) was introduced into epoxy resin in different amounts, i.e., 0.5 g, 1.0 g, and 1.5 g. As the matrix of the epoxy composites, styrene-modified epoxy resin based on bisphenol A (BPA) (Epidian 53) was used. It was cross-linked with two types of curing agents, i.e., an amine (ET) and a polyamide (PAC). The mechanical properties of the obtained epoxy composites (in terms of compressive strength, compressive modulus, and compressive strain) were determined at room temperature in order to assess the effect of the addition of boron acid and of the type of curing agent employed to cure the epoxy on these characteristics. Calorimetric measurements were made to highlight any changes in the glass transition temperature (Tg) as a result of the addition of boric acid to epoxy resin. Finally, flammability tests were performed on both Epidian 53/PAC and Epidian 53/ET epoxy composites to analyze their fire behavior and consequently establish the effectiveness of the selected additive as a flame retardant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rudawska
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Mariaenrica Frigione
- Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Antonella Sarcinella
- Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Valentina Brunella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (V.B.); (L.D.L.)
| | - Ludovica Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (V.B.); (L.D.L.)
| | - Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin 7 Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin W, Yuan Y, Xu L, Wang W. Recent Progress in Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Flame Retardance and Fire-Warning Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:1858. [PMID: 38675677 PMCID: PMC11055176 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene-like 2D nanomaterials, such as graphene, MXene, molybdenum disulfide, and boron nitride, present a promising avenue for eco-friendly flame retardants. Their inherent characteristics, including metal-like conductivity, high specific surface area, electron transport capacity, and solution processability, make them highly suitable for applications in both structural fire protection and fire alarm systems. This review offers an up-to-date exploration of advancements in flame retardant composites, utilizing pristine graphene-like nanosheets, versatile graphene-like nanosheets with multiple functions, and collaborative systems based on these nanomaterials. Moreover, graphene-like 2D nanomaterials exhibit considerable potential in the development of early fire alarm systems, enabling timely warnings. This review provides an overview of flame-retarding and fire-warning mechanisms, diverse multifunctional nanocomposites, and the evolving trends in the development of fire alarm systems anchored in graphene-like 2D nanomaterials and their derivatives. Ultimately, the existing challenges and prospective directions for the utilization of graphene-like 2D nanomaterials in flame retardant and fire-warning applications are put forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China;
| | - Yao Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China;
| | - Lulu Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang LY, Song WM, Li P, Liu Y. A P/N flame retardant for polyester-cotton fabrics: Flame retardancy, mechanical properties and antibacterial property. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129767. [PMID: 38296136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
A phosphorus‑nitrogen synergistic flame retardant (named POI) was obtained by the chemical reaction between phenylphosphonic acid (PPOA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI), and used to give the flame retardancy of PTCO. The effects of PPOA and POI on various properties of PTCO were investigated. PPOA obviously improved the flame retardancy of PTCO/PPOA, while the breaking force of PTCO/PPOA was greatly reduced. However, the introduction of PEI made the surface of fabrics smoother. PTCO/POI had better flame retardancy than PTCO/PPOA did, and the limiting oxygen index value of PTCO/POI reached to 29.8 %. POI had a good effect on reducing the Rmax of both cotton and polyester components. The phosphoric acid groups in POI can promote the dehydration and carbonization reactions of PTCO, which protects the inner fabrics, and POI can release incombustible gases such as NH3 and N2 during burning, which can dilute the oxygen concentration. The flame-retardant mechanism of PTCO/POI was mainly the condensed phase. At the same time, there were no changes in whiteness and mechanical properties compared with those of PTCO, and it also had antibacterial property. This work provides a simple and effective method to prepare flame-retardant and antibacterial PTCO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yao Zhang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wan-Meng Song
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dou Y, Zhong Z, Huang J, Ju A, Yao W, Zhang C, Guan D. A New Phosphorous/Nitrogen-Containing Flame-Retardant Film with High Adhesion for Jute Fiber Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081920. [PMID: 37112067 PMCID: PMC10144265 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a novel P/N flame-retardant monomer (PDHAA) was synthesized through reacting phenyl dichlorophosphate (PDCP) with N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA). The structure of PDHAA was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. PDHAA monomer and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate (PM-2) monomer were mixed at different mass ratios, to prepare UV-curable coatings, and then applied to the surface of fiber needled felts (FNFs), to improve their flame retardancy. PM-2 was introduced to reduce the curing time of the flame-retardant coatings and improve the adhesion between the coating and the fiber needled felts (FNFs). The research results indicated that the surface flame-retardant FNFs had a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) and rapidly self-extinguished in a horizontal combustion test and passed a UL-94 V-0 test. At the same time, the CO and CO2 emissions were greatly reduced, and the carbon residue rate was increased. In addition, the introduction of the coating improved the mechanical properties of the FNFs. Therefore, this simple and efficient UV-curable surface flame-retardant strategy has broad application prospects in the field of fire protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Dou
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Automotive Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Zheng Zhong
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Automotive Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Jiaming Huang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Automotive Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Aixun Ju
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Automotive Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Weiguo Yao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Automotive Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Automotive Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Dongbo Guan
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Automotive Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang J, Yu S, Xiao S. Research progress of triazine flame retardants. Macromol Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-023-00157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
|
6
|
Phosphasilazanes as Inhibitors for Respirable Fiber Fragments Formed during Burning of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resins. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041804. [PMID: 36838791 PMCID: PMC9964126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) exhibit additional hazards during and after burning due to respirable fragments of thermo-oxidatively decomposed carbon fibers. In this study, various phosphasilazanes are incorporated into the RTM 6 epoxy matrix of a CFRP to investigate their flame-retarding and fiber-protective properties via cone calorimetry. Residual carbon fibers are analyzed using SEM and EDX regarding their diameter and elemental composition of deposits. The decomposition process of phosphasilazanes is characterized by DIP-MS and infrared spectroscopy of char. Flame-retardant efficiency and mode of action are correlated with the chemical structure of the individual phosphasilazane and compared for neat resin and composite samples. Phosphasilazanes mainly acting in the condensed phase show beneficial fiber-protective and flame-retardant properties. Those with additional gas phase activity are less efficient. The phosphasilazanes degrade thermally via scission of the Si-N bond. The distribution and agglomeration of deposited particles, formed during the fire, influence the residual fiber diameters. Continuous layers show the best combination of flame retardancy and fiber protection, as observed for N-dimethylvinylsilyl-amidophosphorus diphenylester.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu J, Chen L, Luo Z, Wang B. A vanillin‐containing
DOPO
‐based compound for improving the flame retardancy of epoxy resin simultaneously with comparable transparency and mechanical property. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglin Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Biaobing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rybyan AA, Bilichenko JV, Kireev VV, Kolenchenko AA, Chistyakov EM. Curing of DER-331 Epoxy Resin with Arylaminocyclotriphosphazenes Based on o-, m-, and p-methylanilines. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245334. [PMID: 36559701 PMCID: PMC9787593 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of this research, it was established that the chlorine atom replacement rates in hexa-chlorocyclotriphosphazene by o-, m-, and p-methylanilines' temperatures are crucial in determining which reaction is made. The speed of reaction practically does not affect the polarity of the synthesis solvent. For the formation of fully substituted o-, m-, and p-arilaminocyclotriphosphazenes, the reaction takes 5 h and is carried out in the diglyme at its boiling temperature. The structure of the synthesized AAP was confirmed by 31P and 1H NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. By means of synchronous DSK and TGA, it is found that the synthesized AAP are crystalline and their thermal destruction has a stepped character. Thermal destruction is shown to be accompanied by the simultaneous removal of three aniline molecules from the AAP molecules. Conducted curing of epoxy resin DER-331 is carried out using the AAP as a curing agent. It has been established that due to steric difficulties, o- AAP does not interact with epoxy resin, unlike m- and p- AAP. The gel fraction in curing resin is measured, and the AAP relate to the stage processes of macromolecule formation. The result is that polymers based on DER-331 and m-, p-AAP have a gel fraction content up to 97 mass. %. These polymers have glass-transition temperatures 80 and 85 °C (m- and p-AAP-based, respectively) and demonstrate fire resistance to standard UL-94 of category V-0.
Collapse
|
9
|
Polysilsesquioxane reinforced cardanol derived elastomeric thermoset: preparation, characterization and properties. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-022-01080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
10
|
Transparent, flame retardant, mechanically strengthened and low dielectric EP composites enabled by a reactive bio-based P/N flame retardant. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
11
|
A phosphaphenanthrene-based derivative as multifunctional flame retardant for epoxy resins. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Effects of Phosphorus and Boron Compounds on Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy Properties of Epoxy Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194005. [PMID: 36235953 PMCID: PMC9573513 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While plastics are regarded as the most resourceful materials nowadays, ranging from countless utilities including protective or decorating coatings, to adhesives, packaging materials, electronic components, paintings, furniture, insulating composites, foams, building blocks and so on, their critical limitation is their advanced flammability, which in fire incidents can result in dramatic human fatalities and irreversible environmental damage. Herein, epoxy-based composites with improved flame-resistant characteristics have been prepared by incorporating two flame retardant additives into epoxy resin, namely 6-(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)-6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine-6-oxide (PFR) and boric acid (H3BO3). The additional reaction of 9,10-dihydro-oxa-10-phosphophenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to the carbonyl group of benzaldehyde yielded PFR, which was then used to prepare epoxy composites having a phosphorus content ranging from 1.5 to 4 wt%, while the boron content was 2 wt%. The structure, morphology, thermal stability and flammability of resulted epoxy composites were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC). Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the simultaneous incorporation of PFR and H3BO3 improved the thermal stability of the char residue at high temperatures. The surface morphology of the char residues, studied by SEM measurements, showed improved characteristics in the case of the samples containing both phosphorus and boron atoms. The MCC tests revealed a significant reduction in flammability as well as a significant decrease in heat release capacity for samples containing both PFR and H3BO3 compared to the neat epoxy thermoset.
Collapse
|
13
|
Li X, Zhang K, Huang J, Zhou Z, Xie K, Li X, Wei W. A vanillin derivative P/N/S‐containing high‐efficiency flame retardant for epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Jiateng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Kaili Xie
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang B, Wei Y, Qiu Y, Ramakrishna S, Liu Y. A novel bio‐based, flame retardant and latent imidazole compound—Its synthesis and uses as curing agent for epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Yi Wei
- Donghua University Center for Civil Aviation Composites Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Yiping Qiu
- Donghua University Center for Civil Aviation Composites Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Yanbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Novel exploration of the flame retardant potential of 1-oxo-4-hydroxymethyl-2,6,7-trioxa-l-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-functionalized metallophthalocyanines in epoxy composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
16
|
Lu J, Shi C, Qian X, Zhou K. Design and preparation of a novel organic–inorganic hybrid for reducing fire hazards of epoxy. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Lu
- Faculty of Engineering China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Congling Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation Safety China Academy of Safety Science and Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Qian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation Safety China Academy of Safety Science and Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Keqing Zhou
- Faculty of Engineering China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sykam K, Donempudi S, Basak P. 1,2,
3‐Triazole
rich polymers for flame retardant application: A review. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kesavarao Sykam
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Shailaja Donempudi
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Pratyay Basak
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hou Z, Cai H, Li C, Li B, Wang H. A phosphorus/silicon/triazine‐containing flame retardant towards flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan PR China
| | - Haopeng Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan PR China
| | - Chuan Li
- Shanghai Composites Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Shanghai PR China
| | - Bolun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan PR China
| | - Huihuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan PR China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Facile Preparation of a Novel Vanillin-Containing DOPO Derivate as a Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resins. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093155. [PMID: 35591489 PMCID: PMC9099695 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
A novel bio-based flame retardant designated AVD has been synthesized in a one-pot process via the reaction of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), vanillin (VN), and 2- aminobenzothiazole (ABT). The structure of AVD was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The curing process, thermal stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties of the epoxy resin (EP) modified with AVD have been investigated comprehensively. The extent of curing, the glass transition temperature and the crosslinking density of the blend decreased gradually with increasing AVD content. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to demonstrate that the presence of AVD reduced the thermal decomposition rate for EP and enhanced the formation of carbon residue during resin decomposition. A blend of 7.5 wt% AVD (0.52% phosphorus) displays a UL-94V-0 rating and a LOI of 31.1%. Reduction of the peak heat release rate, total heat release rate and total smoke production was 41.26%, 35.70%, and 24.03%, respectively, as compared to the values for pure EP. The improved flame retardancy of the flame retardant epoxy (FREP) may be attributed to the formation of a compact and continuous protective char layer into the condensed phase as well as the release of non-combustible gases and phosphorus-containing radicals from the decomposition of AVD in the gas phase. AVD is a new and efficient biobased flame retardant for epoxy with great prospects for industrial applications.
Collapse
|
20
|
Dong J, Mao Z, Chen Z. Toughening, highly thermostable, and flame retardant polylactic acid enabled by polyphosphazene microsphere. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Dong
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Zhiping Mao
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University Shanghai China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology of DHU Donghua University Shanghai China
- National Manufacturing Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing and Finishing Technology Taian City China
| | - Zhize Chen
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abniki M, Shirkavand Hadavand B, Najafi F, Ghasedi I. Synthesis of the effective flame retardant via modification of epoxy resin with phenylboronic acid. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2022.2054349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Abniki
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farhood Najafi
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Ghasedi
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hou Z, Li C, Wang H, Li B, Cai H. The P/Si synergistic effect enduing epoxy resin with improved flame retardancy and outstanding mechanical properties. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221080661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The bisphenol F epoxy resin (DGEBF) reacted with 10-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-10H-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenantbrene-10-oxide (ODOPB) and phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS) to obtain a novel epoxy resin containing both phosphorus and silicon (EP-P/Si). EP-P/Si exhibited evidently improved flame retardancy, with a limited oxygen index value of 33.4% and UL-94 V-1 rating acquired. In cone calorimeter test, its peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), average effective heat of combustion (av-EHC), and total smoke production (TSP) were reduced by 36.0%, 19.5%,11.5%, and 7.2% compared with neat epoxy resin (EP), respectively, indicating that the P/Si synergistic effect not only improved the flame retardancy but also inhibited the smoke release. The flame retardancy mechanism was studied by analysis of char residue and pyrolysis behavior in gas phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results exhibited that EP-P/Si formed a dense and compact carbon layer acting as a barrier to inhibit further combustion. And the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that it had good thermal stability. In addition, the pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) results suggested that the phosphorus-containing radicals (·PO2) that had quenching effect existed in the gas phase. While the flame retardancy got improved, EP-P/Si also exhibited excellent mechanical properties, with an improvement of 31.8%, 6.2%, and 369.7% in tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength compared with EP, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Shanghai Composites Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Huihuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bolun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haopeng Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li W, Lin Z, Zuo H, Zhong J, Xu Y, Zeng B, Luo W, Chen G, Yuan C, Dai L. ZIF-8@Co-doped Boronate Ester Polymer Core-shell Particles: Catalytically Enhancing the Nonflammability and Smoke Suppression of Epoxy Resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
24
|
Goyal S, Cochran EW. Cyanate ester composites to improve thermal performance: A review. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Goyal
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department Iowa State University Ames
| | - Eric W. Cochran
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department Iowa State University Ames
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang J, Zhou H, Pan Z, Wu H, Wang D. Synthesis of low phosphorus flame retardant containing benzimidazole and hydroxyl and its application in reducing combustion smoke for epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhiquan Pan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hanjun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco‐Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Study on tri-imidazole derivatives modified with triazine-trione structure as latent curing agents for epoxy resin. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04905-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In this paper, four novel kinds of triazine-trione based tri-imidazole derivatives (IM-TT, 2MI-TT, 2EI-TT and EMI-TT) were synthesized through the addition reaction between triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) and imidazole (IM), 2-methylimidazole (2MI), 2-ethylimidazole (2EI) and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI), respectively. The triazine-trione based tri-imidazole derivatives were blended with epoxy resin and the reactivity, thermal latency and thermal property were investigated. The results on curing behaviors indicated that the curing exothermic peaks of the blends with triazine-trione based tri-imidazole derivatives shifted to higher temperatures compared with those with commercial imidazoles. The curing exothermic peak temperatures (Tps) of the synthesized tri-imidazole derivatives were increased by 23–32 ℃ compared with the unmodified imidazoles. In addition, Rheological behavior results indicated that the EP blends with tri-imidazole derivatives also exhibited excellent storage stability which was as long as 38 days under room temperature. Last but not the least, the EP blends with triazine-trione based tri-imidazole derivatives also exhibited high glass transition temperatures due to introducing of triazine-trione structures with high crosslinking density. The glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of the prepared thermosets ranged from 128 to 152 ℃. The triazine-trione based tri-imidazole derivatives provide a way to prepare latency epoxy resin with high high glass transition temperature and long storage stability.
Article Highlights
Four novel kinds of triazine-trione based tri-imidazole derivatives were synthesized.
The EP cured with the tri-imidazole derivatives displayed great thermostability.
The EP cured with the tri-imidazole derivatives exhibited long storage stability.
Collapse
|
27
|
Designing efficient UV-curable flame-retardant and antimicrobial wood coating: Phosphorodiamidate reactive diluent with epoxy acrylate. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
28
|
Li S, Wang X, Xu M, Liu L, Wang W, Gao S, Li B. Effect of a biomass based waterborne fire retardant coating on the flame retardancy for wood. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Key Lab of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
- Institute of Petrochemistry Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences Harbin China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Key Lab of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Miaojun Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Lubin Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Institute of Petrochemistry Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences Harbin China
| | - Suliang Gao
- Key Lab of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Lab of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hu ZT, Reinack VH, An J, Indraneel Z, Dasari A, Yang J, Yang EH. Ecofriendly Microencapsulated Phase-Change Materials with Hybrid Core Materials for Thermal Energy Storage and Flame Retardancy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6380-6387. [PMID: 34000193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microencapsulated phase-change material (ME-PCM) employing octadecane as a core material has been practiced for thermal-energy-storage (TES) applications in buildings. However, octadecane as a hydrocarbon-based PCM is flammable. Herein, silica-shelled microcapsules (SiO2-MCs) and poly(urea-formaldehyde)-shelled microcapsules (PUF-MCs) were successfully prepared, loaded with octadecane/tributyl phosphate (TBP) as hybrid core materials, which not only exhibited good TES properties but also high-effective flame retardancy. SiO2-MC (ΔHm = 124.6 J g-1 and ΔHc = 124.1 J g-1) showed weaker TES capacity than PUF-MC (ΔHm = 186.8 J g-1, ΔHc = 188.5 J g-1) but better flame retardancy with a lower peak heat-release rate (HRRpeak) of 460.9 W g-1 (556.9 W g-1 for PUF-MCs). As compared with octadecane (38.7 kJ g-1), the reduction in total heat release (THR) for SiO2-MC was up to 22% (30.1 kJ g-1) with combustion time shortened by 1/6. SiO2-MC had a typical diameter of 150-210 μm, shell thickness of ∼6.5 μm, and a core fraction of 84 wt %. SiO2-MC showed better thermal stability with a higher initial evaporation/pyrolysis temperature than PUF-MC. The thermal decomposition of MCs with its mechanism of flame retardancy was significantly studied using thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG-IR). The strategy presented in this study should inspire the development of microcapsules with PCMs/flame retardants as hybrid core materials for structural applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ting Hu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Varghese Hansen Reinack
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798 Singapore
| | - Jinliang An
- School of Civil Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Zope Indraneel
- School of Material Science and Engineering, NTU, 639798 Singapore
| | - Aravind Dasari
- School of Material Science and Engineering, NTU, 639798 Singapore
| | - Jinglei Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - En-Hua Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu Z, Yu Z, Qiaolin T, Kaixin Z, Weihao D, Lewen Z, Rong W, Jin C, Jingjing D, Wang L, Qiwei W, Mingjun C, Zhiguo L. Highly efficient flame‐retardant and transparent epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Liu
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Zhao Yu
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Tang Qiaolin
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Zhang Kaixin
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Deng Weihao
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Zhang Lewen
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Wang Rong
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Chen Jin
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | | | - Liao Wang
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Wang Qiwei
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Chen Mingjun
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Liu Zhiguo
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fang M, Qian J, Wang X, Chen Z, Guo R, Shi Y. Synthesis of a Novel Flame Retardant Containing Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Silicon and Its Application in Epoxy Resin. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7094-7105. [PMID: 33748623 PMCID: PMC7970578 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel flame retardant (TDA) containing phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon was synthesized successfully via a controllable ring-opening addition reaction between 1,3,5-triglycidyl isocyanurate, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and TDA was then blended with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A to prepare flame-retardant epoxy resins (EPs). The chemical structure and components of TDA were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that after the introduction of TDA, cured EP maintained good thermal stability with a minimum initial decomposition temperature of 337.6 °C, and the char yields of a EP/TDA-5 sample significantly increased by 76.2% compared with that of the neat EP thermoset. Additionally, with the addition of 25.0 wt % TDA (1.05 wt % phosphorus loading), the limited oxygen index value of cured EP increased from 22.5% of pure EP to 33.4%, and vertical burning V-0 rating was easily achieved. Meanwhile, after the incorporation of TDA, the total heat release and total smoke production of the EP/TDA-5 sample obviously reduced by 28.9 and 27.7% in the cone calorimeter test, respectively. Flame-retardant performances and flame-retardant mechanisms were further analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results reveal that the synergistic effect of phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon plays an excellent flame-retardant role in both gaseous and condensed phases. In addition, the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of cured EP thermosets are well maintained rather than destroyed. All the results demonstrate that TDA endows epoxy resin with excellent flame retardancy and possesses great promise in the industrial field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Fang
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuezhi Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ruilin Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yifeng Shi
- Hangzhou
Rongfang Pressure Sensitive New Material Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Chen Y, Duan H, Ji S, Ma H. Novel phosphorus/nitrogen/boron-containing carboxylic acid as co-curing agent for fire safety of epoxy resin with enhanced mechanical properties. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123769. [PMID: 33254780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is a great challenge to develop a high-efficiency reactive flame retardant, applied to anhydride-cured epoxy resin (EP) system, simultaneously possessing good compatibility with matrix and mechanical reinforcement. In this respect, we successfully synthesized a novel phosphorus/nitrogen/boron-containing carboxylic acid (TMDB) through the facile esterification and addition reaction among 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate (THEIC), maleic anhydride (MAH), 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and boric acid (BA). TMDB was utilized as a co-curing agent for EP/methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MeTHPA) system and finally cured EP behaved great transparency, suggesting excellent compatibility of TMDB with EP. Compared with pure EP, modified EP exhibited comparable thermal stability and heat resistance but higher flame retardance. With only 15.1 wt% TMDB loading, the LOI value of anhydride-cured EP increased to 29.6% from 20.1% of pure EP, and UL-94 V-0 rating was achieved. The peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) remarkably decreased by 58.5%, 41.7% and 47.2% compared with that of pure EP, respectively. Besides, different measurements revealed TMDB simultaneously functioned in the condensed and gaseous phase during combustion. Furthermore, after incorporation of TMDB, mechanical properties of cured EP were improved and the maximum increments of flexural and tensile strength can reach 11.8% and 61.4%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huajun Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Institute of Advanced Material Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Sa Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huiru Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Effect of degree of silanization of luffa on the properties of luffa-epoxy composites. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
36
|
Li L, Li S, Wang H, Zhu Z, Yin X, Mao J. Low flammability and smoke epoxy resins with a novel
DOPO
‐based imidazolone derivative. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Artificial Intelligence School Wuchang University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Shan Li
- Artificial Intelligence School Wuchang University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Zongmin Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Xianze Yin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Jiawei Mao
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Chengdu Institute of Product Quality Inspection Co., Ltd Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Makha M, Ghailane A, Larhlimi H, Busch H, Alami J. Phosphorus Containing Coatings: Technologies and Applications. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Makha
- Materials ScienceEnergy and Nano-engineering DepartmentMohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid 43150 Bengurir Morocco
| | - Anas Ghailane
- Materials ScienceEnergy and Nano-engineering DepartmentMohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid 43150 Bengurir Morocco
| | - Hicham Larhlimi
- Materials ScienceEnergy and Nano-engineering DepartmentMohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid 43150 Bengurir Morocco
| | - Heinz Busch
- Materials ScienceEnergy and Nano-engineering DepartmentMohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid 43150 Bengurir Morocco
- NTTF coating GmbH Maarweg 30 53619 Rheinbreitbach Germany
| | - Jones Alami
- Materials ScienceEnergy and Nano-engineering DepartmentMohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid 43150 Bengurir Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kundu CK, Wang X, Rahman MZ, Song L, Hu Y. Application of Chitosan and DOPO derivatives in fire protection of polyamide 66 textiles: Towards a combined gas phase and condensed phase activity. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
39
|
Zhou S, Kang Y, Huang R, Luo Z, He M. Superior thermal stability and smoke suppression of epoxy resin composites with graphene/
LDH
phosphorus‐rich hybrids. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhou
- College of ScienceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Yunian Kang
- College of ScienceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Rongqing Huang
- Changzhou Highbery New Nano Materials Technology Co. Ltd Changzhou China
| | - Zhenyang Luo
- College of ScienceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Ming He
- College of ScienceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Xia L, Liu J, Li Z, Wang X, Wang P, Wang D, Hu X. Synthesis and flame retardant properties of new boron-containing polyurethane. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2020.1737543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xia
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Jin Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Xianbiao Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Di Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Xianhai Hu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cheng Z, Fang M, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li H, Qian J. Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of a Cured Trifunctional Epoxy Resin with the Synergistic Effects of Silicon/Titanium. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4200-4212. [PMID: 32149250 PMCID: PMC7057714 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
An amino curing agent containing silicon/titanium flame-retardant elements (STCA) based on (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and tetrabutyl titanate was successfully prepared. The thermal decomposition and flame-retardant properties of a STCA-cured trifunctional epoxy resin, which was facilely synthesized by 1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane and epichlorohydrin via a two-step method, were compared with those of another amino curing agent containing silicon (SCA) based on APTES and methyltrimethoxysilane. The structures of STCA and SCA were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), 29Si NMR, and Raman spectroscopies. The STCA-cured thermoset not only had good thermal stability with an initial decomposition temperature of 344.8 °C and a char yield of 52.7% at 800 °C but also exhibited the overall improvement of flame-retardant properties. V-0 rating was achieved using the UL-94 test, and the value of limiting oxygen index reached 33.8%. From the thermogravimetry-infrared test, the yield of pyrolysis products of the STCA-cured thermoset was significantly decreased, indicating the lower toxicity in contrast to the SCA-cured thermoset. Flame-retardant performances were also investigated using the cone calorimetry test, and the flame retardancy mechanism was studied using scanning electron microscopy, FT-IR, and energy-dispersive spectrometry. The results indicate that the introduction of silicon/titanium to the system reveals the synergistic effects to promote the formation of an intumescent, sufficient, and compact char layer during combustion, which could effectively prevent heat, oxygen, and flame from penetrating into the interior structure, and lead to the retardance of further combustion.
Collapse
|
42
|
Improved flame retardancy of epoxy resin composites modified with a low additive content of silica-microencapsulated phosphazene flame retardant. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
43
|
Shang W, Jiang H. Preparation and properties of a novel fluorinated epoxy resin/DGEBA blend for application in electronic materials. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320902216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel epoxy monomer 4-trifluoromethyl phenylhydroquinone epoxy resin (4-TFMEP) was synthesized via a multistep procedure including the Meerwein arylation reaction and followed by nucleophilic reaction. The chemical structure of 4-TFMEP was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectrum. Then a mixed system (DGEBA/4-TFMEP x%) composed of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and 4-TFMEP was prepared by a melting method without any solvent. After curing, the properties of this series of mixed epoxy resins were measured and compared with the neat DGEBA. As a result, the blend resins exhibited good thermal stability, excellent hydrophobic and low dielectric properties with 4-TFMEP content increasing. Furthermore, the material of DGEBA/4-TFMEP 40% achieves higher glass transition temperature of 104°C and char yield 33% than DGEBA (char yield = 22%) possessed. In the contact angle testing, DGEBA/4-TFMEP 40% shows 127.2° satisfied the standard of hydrophobic material. In addition, by the test of dielectric properties, DGEBA/4-TFMEP x% materials show lower than DGEBA/boron trifluoride ethylamine (BF3MEA) material, because of the introduced side group of fluorine content into the material improves the electronegativity of epoxy material and reduced the polarizability of molecules efficient. Herein, we believe the novel mixed epoxy system (DGEBA/4-TFMEP x%) has a potential application in electronic industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihui Shang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Research and Development, Changchun Aerospace Composite Materials Co. Ltd, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang F, Wang D, Guo Z. Highly fluorinated F-APP-TiO2 particle with hierarchical core-shell structure and its application in multifunctional superamphiphobic surface: Mechanical robustness, self-recovery and flame retardancy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 560:777-786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
45
|
Wang Z, Gao X, Li W. Epoxy resin/cyanate ester composites containing DOPO and wollastonite with simultaneously improved flame retardancy and thermal resistance. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008319897095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Flame-retardant epoxy (EP) resin/cyanate ester (CE) composites were prepared with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) and wollastonite (Wo). The combustion behavior of the flame-retardant EP/CE composites was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, and cone calorimeter tests. It is found that the EP/CE composite containing 7 wt% DOPO and 3 wt% Wo (sample 7DO/3Wo/EP/CE) exerts the best flame retardancy (LOI 35.5% and UL-94 V-0 rating). The peak heat release rate and total heat release of sample 7DO/3Wo/EP/CE increase slightly, while total smoke release decreases about 14% compared with the EP/CE composite containing 10 wt% DOPO (sample 10DO/EP/CE). Thermal studies indicate that the glass transition temperature and temperature at 5% mass loss of sample 7DO/3Wo/EP/CE are higher than that of sample 10DO/EP/CE. Moreover, the mechanical properties of EP/CE composites were investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhou Wang
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cheng J, Wang J, Yang S, Zhang Q, Hu Y, Ding G, Huo S. Aminobenzothiazole-substituted cyclotriphosphazene derivative as reactive flame retardant for epoxy resin. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
47
|
Chen S, Ai L, Zhang T, Liu P, Liu W, Pan Y, Liu D. Synthesis and application of a triazine derivative containing boron as flame retardant in epoxy resins. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
48
|
Wang J, Guo Y, Zhao S, Huang R, Kong X. A novel intumescent flame retardant imparts high flame retardancy to epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric‐Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnqing Normal University Anqing China
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Physics and Electrical EngineeringAnqing Normal University Anqing China
| | - ShunPing Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric‐Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnqing Normal University Anqing China
| | - Rong‐Yi Huang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric‐Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnqing Normal University Anqing China
| | - Xue‐Jun Kong
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric‐Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnqing Normal University Anqing China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tang H, Zhou H. A novel nitrogen, phosphorus, and boron ionic pair compound toward fire safety and mechanical enhancement effect for epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental TechnologyWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental TechnologyWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
One-Step Synthesis of Highly Efficient Oligo(phenylphosphonic Dihydroxypropyl Silicone Oil) Flame Retardant for Polycarbonate. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11121977. [PMID: 31805702 PMCID: PMC6960659 DOI: 10.3390/polym11121977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient flame retardant and smoke suppression oligomer, oligo(phenylphosphonic dihydroxypropyl silicone oil) (PPSO), was synthesized by a one-step reaction. The chemical structure of PPSO was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR), and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si NMR). The flame-retardant effect of PPSO on the polycarbonate (PC) matrix was investigated by limiting oxygen index, UL-94 vertical burning test, and cone calorimetry, respectively. The results showed that PC/PPSO composites passed UL-94 V-0 rate testing with only 1.3 wt. % PPSO. Furthermore, the incorporation of PPSO can suppress the release of smoke. The flame-retardant mechanism was also investigated via thermogravimetric analysis-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), field-emission scanning electronic microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. From the result of pyrolysis gas and char residue, PPSO played a synergistic flame-retardant mechanism including the gas phase and the condensed phase.
Collapse
|