1
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Xu F, Ma W, Wang W, Wang H, An S, Zhu Z, Wang R. Fully bio-based intumescent flame retardant hybrid: A green strategy towards reducing fire hazard and improving degradation of polylactic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131985. [PMID: 38692538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a promising renewable polymer material with excellent biodegradability and good mechanical properties. However, the easy flammability and slow natural degradation limited its further applications, especially in high-security fields. In this work, a fully bio-based intumescent flame-retardant system was designed to reduce the fire hazard of PLA. Firstly, arginine (Arg) and phytic acid (PA) were combined through electrostatic ionic interaction, followed by the introduction of starch as a carbon source, namely APS. The UL-94 grade of PLA/APS composites reached V-0 grade by adding 3 wt% of APS and exhibited excellent anti-dripping performance. With APS addition increasing to 7 wt%, LOI value increased to 26 % and total heat release decreased from 58.4 (neat PLA) to 51.1 MJ/m2. Moreover, the addition of APS increased its crystallinity up to 83.5 % and maintained the mechanical strength of pristine PLA. Noteworthy, APS accelerated the degradation rate of PLA under submerged conditions. Compared with pristine PLA, PLA/APS showed more apparent destructive network morphology and higher mass and Mn loss, suggesting effective degradation promotion. This work provides a full biomass modification strategy to construct renewable plastic with both good flame retardancy and high degradation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Materials Design & Engineering Department, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Materials Design & Engineering Department, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Materials Design & Engineering Department, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hanwen Wang
- Materials Design & Engineering Department, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shijie An
- Materials Design & Engineering Department, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhu
- Materials Design & Engineering Department, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Materials Design & Engineering Department, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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2
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Wang Z, Wang S, Chen H, Chen C, Luan J, Dong C, Lu Z. Preparation and thermostability of a Si/P/N synergistic flame retardant containing triazine ring structure for cotton fabrics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129497. [PMID: 38232884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
A new synergistic flame retardant named Bisiminopropyl trimethoxysilane-1,3,5-triazine-O-bicyclic pentaerythritol phosphate (BTPODE) was synthesized, which is a type of Si/P/N flame retardant. This was accomplished by grafting aminopropyl trimethoxysilane and bicyclic pentaerythritol phosphate onto a triazine ring structure, serving as an intermediate. The structure of BTPODE was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 31P NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). SEM was used to detect the surface morphology of cotton fabrics, which suggested that BTPODE had been resoundingly stick to cotton fabrics. The flame retardant properties of cotton fabrics were evaluated by measuring the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and conducting vertical flammability experiments. Cotton fabrics with a weight gain of 20.73 % achieved an LOI value of 32.5 %. Thermogravimetric (TG) experiments demonstrated the samples' good thermostability. Furthermore, under nitrogen conditions, the char residue of cotton fabric with a weight gain of 20.73 % was 36.85 %. The cone calorimetry test (CONE) showed a significant reduction in the TSP value, indicating a certain level of smoke suppression performance. Finally, based on the obtained experimental results, the fire-retardant mechanism principle of the flame retardant was deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Hongfei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Jiaxi Luan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Chaohong Dong
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Zhou Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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3
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Zheng S, Li W, Chen Y, Yang H, Cai Y, Wang Q, Wei Q. Synergistic effect of stereo-complexation and interfacial compatibility in ammonium polyphosphate grafted polylactic acid fibers for simultaneously improved toughness and flame retardancy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129943. [PMID: 38311135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Flammability and poor toughness of unmodified PLA limit its applications in various fields. Though ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is a green and effective flame retardant, it has poor compatibility with the matrix, leading to a decrease in mechanical properties. Stereo-complexation greatly improves the strength and heat resistance of traditional PLA. However, the effect of flame retardants on the formation of stereo-complexed crystals and the impact of stereo-complexation on flame retardancy have not been studied previously. In this research, PDLA chains were first in-situ reacted with APP particles for improved interfacial compatibility. By utilizing the characteristic of PLA enantiomers that can form stereo-complexed crystals, near-complete stereo-complexed PLA fibers with flame retardancy were produced via clean and continuous melt spinning. The compatibility between PDLA-g-APP and PLLA matrix was studied by SEM, rheological analyses and DSC. Strength and flexibility of the fibers were simultaneously enhanced compared to traditional PLA due to the synergistic effect of interfacial compatibility and stereo-complexation. Compared to traditional PLA, the peak heat release rate and total heat release in microcalorimetry test were reduced by 33 % and 22 %, respectively. The flame-retardant fibers achieved a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test, and an increase in LOI value from 19.4 % to 28.2 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Yuyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Hanrui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Yibing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Qufu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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4
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Ma C, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Wang J, Chen Y, Qian L, Fang Z, Song R, Song P. Green synthesis of bio-based flame retardant/natural rubber inorganic-organic hybrid and its flame retarding and toughening effect for polylactic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128378. [PMID: 38000569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) has garnered significant interest as a bio-based polymer due to its favorable thermal and processing characteristics, as well as its notable economic and environmental benefits. However, the drawbacks such as flammability and poor toughness of PLA severely constrained its applications in more fields. Here, based on the outstanding flame-retardant properties of core-shell flame retardant (CSFR) and the toughening potential of natural rubber (NR), we synthesized inorganic-organic hybrid of CSFR-NR using an aqueous synthesis to synchronous optimization of the comprehensive performance of PLA. The as-prepared CSFR-NR with "hard core and soft shell" possess the ability to promote char formation and facilitate uniform dispersion in the PLA matrix. Consequently, the PLA/CSFR-NR showed an excellent flame retardancy with the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 31.5 % and UL-94 V-0 rating and synergistic toughening effect with absolutely improvement in elongation at break and notched izod impact strength, achieving a balance between the fire safety and mechanical performance. Moreover, the degradation rate of PLA has also been substantially promoted by CSFR-NR in simulated seawater. Hence, this study offers a straightforward, efficient, and environmentally friendly strategy for creating high-performance flame retardant and toughened bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchang Ma
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Zhinuo Zhao
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhengping Fang
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Ruiyin Song
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China; Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Marine Ranch Equipment, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Pingan Song
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central 4300, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield 4300, Australia
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5
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Yuan Y, Lin W, Xiao Y, Yu B, Wang W. Advancements in Flame-Retardant Systems for Rigid Polyurethane Foam. Molecules 2023; 28:7549. [PMID: 38005271 PMCID: PMC10673599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The amplified employment of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) has accentuated the importance of its flame-retardant properties in stimulating demand. Thus, a compelling research report is essential to scrutinize the recent progression in the field of the flame retardancy and smoke toxicity reduction of RPUF. This comprehensive analysis delves into the conventional and innovative trends in flame-retardant (FR) systems, comprising reactive-type FRs, additive-type FRs, inorganic nanoparticles, and protective coatings for flame resistance, and summarizes their impacts on the thermal stability, mechanical properties, and smoke toxicity suppression of the resultant foams. Nevertheless, there are still several challenges that require attention, such as the migration of additives, the insufficient interfacial compatibility between flame-retardant polyols or flame retardants and the RPUF matrix, and the complexity of achieving both flame retardancy and mechanical properties simultaneously. Moreover, future research should focus on utilizing functionalized precursors and developing biodegradable RPUF to promote sustainability and to expand the applications of polyurethane foam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China; (W.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Weiliang Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China; (W.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yi Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China; (W.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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6
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Wang Y, Ma L, Yuan J, Zhu Z, Liu X, Li D, He L, Xiao F. Furfural-based P/N/S flame retardant towards high-performance epoxy resins with flame retardancy, toughness, low dielectric properties and UV resistance. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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7
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Jiang K, Wu Q, Chen Y, Fan D, Chu F. A high-performance bio-based adhesive comprising soybean meal, silk fibroin, and tannic acid inspired by marine organisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125095. [PMID: 37245746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable development of high-performance bio-based adhesives is both important and challenging for the wood industry. Herein, inspired by the hydrophobic property of barnacle cement protein and the adhesive property of mussel adhesion protein, a water-resistant bio-based adhesive was developed from silk fibroin (SF) rich in hydrophobic β-sheet structures and tannic acid (TA) rich in catechol groups as reinforcing components and soybean meal molecules rich in reactive groups as substrates. SF and soybean meal molecules formed a water-resistant tough structure through a multiple cross-linking network including covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, and dynamic borate ester bonds constructed by TA and borax. The wet bond strength for the developed adhesive achieved 1.20 MPa, exhibiting its excellent application capabilities in humid environments. The storage period of the developed adhesive (72 h) was 3 times that of pure soybean meal adhesive owing to the enhanced mold resistance of the adhesive by TA. Furthermore, the developed adhesive demonstrated excellent biodegradability (45.45 % weight loss in 30 days) and flame retardancy (limiting oxygen index of 30.1 %). Overall, this environmental and efficient biomimetic strategy provides a promising and feasible route to develop high-performance bio-based adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jiang
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qiao Wu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Dongbin Fan
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Fuxiang Chu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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8
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Xu P, Qi G, Lv D, Niu D, Yang W, Bai H, Yan X, Zhao X, Ma P. Enhanced flame retardancy and toughness of eco-friendly polyhydroxyalkanoate/bentonite composites based on in situ intercalation of P-N-containing hyperbranched macromolecules. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123345. [PMID: 36669635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) is a biodegradable polyester, and its application range is limited by the poor flame retardancy and low modulus. Bentonite (BNT) as a green inorganic filler can improve the modulus and flame retardancy of PHA to a certain extent. An in situ polymerization method was designed to intercalate P-N-containing hyperbranched macromolecules (HBM) among BNT layers (HBM-B) and to improve the flame retardancy while improving the dispersion of BNT in the PHA matrix. The layer spacing of BNT was increased from 1.2 nm to 4.5 nm. The effect law of the joint action of in situ intercalation of BNT and the HBM on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PHA was systematically studied. The HBM-B showed stronger flame retardancy when the mass ratio of HBM to BNT was 75/25. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the PHA/HBM-B composite was increased to 27.6 % while maintaining good toughness. Compared to the physical blend of HBM and BNT (HBM/B), the elongation at break of PHA/HBM-B25 composites can be increased by up to 10 times. When the content of HBM-B is up to 15 wt%, the LOI of PHA-Based composites can reach 29.6 % and the UL-94 rating reaches V-0, which meets the standard of flame-retardant material. Therefore, the present work is expected to expand the application of PHA-based composites in the field of flame retardancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwu Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Gaopeng Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dongxuan Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Deyu Niu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weijun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Huiyu Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiuping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Piming Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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9
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Yang X, Zhi M, Li Y, Xin H, Fan R, Chen X, Liu Q, He Y. Improved flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of phenolic resin by incorporating MoO 3 particles. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083231153336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic resin (PF) is widely used in aerospace, composite materials, and other fields. However, large amount of heat and smoke are produced during its combustion process, which is an important factor limiting its usage. To solve this problem, additive flame retardant MoO3 has been incorporated into PF for improving its flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties. Thermogravimetric analyses results show that the T5% of PF composites was gradually decreased from 264°C to 184°C and the char yield of PF-10% MoO3 is 57 wt.%, higher than that of neat PF (50 wt.%). The PF composites with 10 wt.% MoO3 passed UL-94 V-0 rating with a limiting oxygen index value of 29.8%. Meanwhile, the total heat release and total smoke production of PF-10% MoO3 are 37.60 MJ/m2 and 5.79 m2 respectively, which are reduced by 30.5% and 24.8% compared with neat PF. Only 10 wt.% MoO3 provide a 56.5% reduction (from 255 to 111) in maximal smoke density, meaning the good smoke suppression properties of MoO3. The pyrolysis products components are determined by thermogravimetric analysis combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the micromorphology and chemical structure of char residue are also investigated by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The promoting carbonization effect of MoO3 significantly reduces the heat release and toxic smoke production of PF composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Yang
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Maoyong Zhi
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Guanghan, China
| | - Yuchuan Li
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Hui Xin
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Rong Fan
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Xiantao Chen
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Guanghan, China
| | - Quanyi Liu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Guanghan, China
| | - Yuanhua He
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Guanghan, China
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10
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Li C, Wang B, Yang Y, Chai J, Guo Z, Fang Z, Chen P, Li J. Synergistic effect of poly(ionic liquid) and phosphoramide on flame retardancy and crystallization of poly(lactic acid). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1344-1355. [PMID: 36370854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Crystallinity and flame retardancy are two key properties for poly(lactic acid)(PLA) in applications. In this paper, a quaternary phosphonium salt poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) and a phosphamide (POFA) were prepared. The PIL, POFA and their blend were used to regulate the flame retardancy and crystallization behaviors of PLA using the limiting oxygen index, UL-94 vertical burning, and thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry etc. The results showed that a synergistic effect exists between PIL and POFA on flame retardancy. When 6 wt% PIL/POFA (2/1) was added into PLA, its LOI value is 28.0 vol%, and achieves the UL-94 V-0 rating while the PLA composites containing 6 wt% PIL or POFA just achieve the UL-94 V2. The PIL/POFA improves the flame retardancy of PLA by melting-away mode. In addition, the crystallization rate of PLA containing PIL/POFA is faster than that of PLA/PIL and PLA/POFA. The degradation of PLA induced by PIL/POFA produces some small molecular oligomers, which enhances the molecular chain mobility and rearrangement, thus contributes to better flame retardancy and faster crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Li
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bingtao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Juan Chai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zhenghong Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zhengping Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Juan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China; Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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11
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Wu Q, Xiao L, Chen J, Peng Z. Facile fabrication of high‐performance epoxy systems with superior mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qilei Wu
- Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory China Ship Development and Design Center Wuhan China
| | - Long Xiao
- Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory China Ship Development and Design Center Wuhan China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory China Ship Development and Design Center Wuhan China
| | - Zhihe Peng
- Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory China Ship Development and Design Center Wuhan China
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12
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Zhang Q, Shi W, Tan W, Xie Z. Apigenin/furfurylamine-based bio-polyamide/cyclophosphazene composite: Preparation and dual applications in dye adsorption and Pb (II) electrochemical probing. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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13
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Wu F, Wang J, Wang J, Chen K, Yang S, Huo S, Wang H. A benzimidazolyl‐substituted cyclotriphosphazene and its application in benzoxazine: Curing behaviors, thermal properties, and fire safety. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
- Institute of Advanced Material Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jingsheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Institute of Advanced Material Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Siqi Huo
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering NingboTech University Ningbo China
| | - Hao Wang
- Center for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland Springfield Central Australia
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14
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Gao X, Yan L, Sang X. Preparation of multifunctional
silicon‐phosphorus
acrylate particles for the simultaneous improvement of the flame retardancy and mechanical performance of polylactic acid. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Tangshan, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan China
| | - Li Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Tangshan, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan China
| | - Xiaoming Sang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Tangshan, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan China
- School of Qianan North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan China
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15
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Liu L, Yan C, Zhang W, Xu Y, Xu M, Hong Y, Qiu Y, Li B. A monomolecular organophosphate for enhancing the flame retardancy, thermostability and crystallization properties of polylactic acid. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lubin Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Science Northeast Forestry University Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Chentao Yan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Science Northeast Forestry University Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Science Northeast Forestry University Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Science Northeast Forestry University Harbin People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education Northeast Forestry University Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Miaojun Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Science Northeast Forestry University Harbin People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education Northeast Forestry University Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Yukai Hong
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Science Northeast Forestry University Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing People's Republic of China
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Science Northeast Forestry University Harbin People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education Northeast Forestry University Harbin People's Republic of China
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16
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Park M, Kuk YS, Kwon OH, Acharya J, Ojha GP, Ko JK, Kong HS, Pant B. Fly Ash-Incorporated Polystyrene Nanofiber Membrane as a Fire-Retardant Material: Valorization of Discarded Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12213811. [PMID: 36364587 PMCID: PMC9656177 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Reusing or recycling waste into new useful materials is essential for environmental protection. Herein, we used discarded polystyrene (PS) and fly-ash (FA) particles and a fabricated fly-ash incorporated polystyrene fiber (FA/PS fiber) composite. The electrospinning process produced continuous PS fibers with a good distribution of FA particles. The prepared nanofibers were characterized by state-of-the-art techniques. The performances of the composite nanofibers were tested for fire-retardant applications. We observed that the incorporation of FA particles into the PS fibers led to an improvement in the performance of the composite as compared to the pristine PS fibers. This study showed an important strategy in using waste materials to produce functional nanofibers through an economical procedure. We believe that the strategy presented in this paper can be extended to other waste materials for obtaining nanofiber membranes for various environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Park
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
- Department of Fire Protection and Disaster Prevention, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
| | - Yun-Su Kuk
- Convergence Research Division, Korea Carbon Industry Promotion Agency (KCARBON), Jeonju 54853, Korea
| | - Oh Hoon Kwon
- Research and Development Division, Korea Institute of Convergence Textile, Iksan 54588, Korea
| | - Jiwan Acharya
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
| | - Gunendra Prasad Ojha
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
| | - Jae-Kyoung Ko
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
| | - Ha-Sung Kong
- Department of Fire Protection and Disaster Prevention, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
| | - Bishweshwar Pant
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
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17
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Gao J, He W, Xiang Y, Long L, Qin S. Terminal group effects of DOPO-conjugated flame retardant on polyamide 6: Thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical performances. Front Chem 2022; 10:1002569. [PMID: 36247660 PMCID: PMC9554147 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1002569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two DOPO-conjugated flame retardants with or without amino terminal groups (DOPO-NH2 and DIDOPO, respectively) were synthesized and incorporated into polyamide 6 (PA6). Results demonstrated the DOPO-NH2 endowed superior thermal, flame retardant and mechanical performances to PA6 composites. With the same loading of 15 wt%, DOPO-NH2 can catalyze the PA6 matrix more effectively and result in more residues at high temperature. The PA6 composites containing DOPO-NH2 exhibited higher LOI (28.0%) compared to 25.0% for the sample containing DIDOPO, and the lower heat release capacity and peak heat release rate. Furthermore, the overall mechanical properties of PA6 composites containing DOPO-NH2 outperformed the samples containing DIDOPO, even superior to that for PA6. Such a significant difference can be mainly attributed to the existence of amino-terminal group, which can interact with carboxyl group in PA6 as confirmed by dynamic mechanical analysis, improving the compatibility between the flame retardant and PA6 matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huangzhou, China
| | - Wentao He
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wentao He,
| | - Yushu Xiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guizhou, China
| | - Lijuan Long
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuhao Qin
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guizhou, China
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18
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Feng L, Cui C, Li Z, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Wu Y, Ge Z, Cheng Y, Zhang Y. Kinetics of catalyzed thermal degradation of polylactide and its application as sacrificial templates. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Chenhui Cui
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Youshen Wu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Zhishen Ge
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Yilong Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
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19
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Wang X, Gong W, Meng X, Li C, Gao J. Preparation of a biobased core‐shell flame retardant and its application in polylactic acid. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Weiguang Gong
- Research and Development Center for Sports Materials East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Xin Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jin Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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20
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Xiao Y, Yang Y, Luo Q, Tang B, Guan J, Tian Q. Construction of carbon-based flame retardant composite with reinforced and toughened property and its application in polylactic acid. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22236-22243. [PMID: 36043090 PMCID: PMC9364221 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04130h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To simultaneously improve the flame retardancy, strength and toughness of polylactic acid (PLA) fibers, a composite flame retardant CNTs-H-C was prepared with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the core, hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene as linker, and chitosan grafted on the surface. The prepared CNTs-H-C was introduced into a PLA matrix to obtain CNTs-H-C/PLA composites and fibers via a melt-blending method. The morphology, structure, flame retardant properties and mechanical properties were thoroughly characterized, and the flame retardant mechanism was studied. Results showed that the prepared CNTs-H-C displayed a nanotube-like morphology with good compatibility and dispersion in the PLA matrix. After blending with PLA, CNTs-H-C/PLA composites exhibited outstanding flame retardancy with limiting oxygen index (LOI) increasing from 20.0% to 27.3%, UL94 rating reaching V-0. More importantly, the introduction of CNTs-H-C did not affect the spinnability of PLA. Compared with pure PLA fibers, the LOI of CNTs-H-C/PLA fibers with a CNTs-H-C content of 1.0 wt% increased by 32.5%, and meanwhile the breaking strength and elongation increased by 28.2% and 30.4%, respectively. Mechanism study revealed that CNTs-H-C/PLA possessed a typical condensed phase flame retardancy mechanism. In short, we have developed a CNT-based composite flame retardant with reinforced and toughened properties for the PLA matrix. The prepared CNTs-H-C showed great potential in polymer flame retardancy and mechanical enhancement. A CNT-based flame retardant was synthesized and introduced into PLA to simultaneously improve the flame retardancy, strength and toughness of PLA.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Xiao
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 Zhejiang China.,Nanotechnology Research Institute, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 Zhejiang China
| | - Yaru Yang
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 Zhejiang China
| | - Qiulan Luo
- College of Fashion Design, Jiaxing Nanhu University Jiaxing 314001 Zhejiang China
| | - Bolin Tang
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 Zhejiang China.,Nanotechnology Research Institute, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 Zhejiang China
| | - Jipeng Guan
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 Zhejiang China
| | - Qiang Tian
- Zibo Dayang Flame Retardant Products Co., Ltd. Zibo 255300 Shandong China
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21
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Fang Q, Zhan Y, Chen X, Wu R, Zhang W, Wang Y, Wu X, He Y, Zhou J, Yuan B. A bio-based intumescent flame retardant with biomolecules functionalized ammonium polyphosphate enables polylactic acid with excellent flame retardancy. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Achieving high flame retardancy, crystallization and biodegradability PLA based on 1 wt% addition of novel fully bio-based flame retardant. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Roles of phosphoramide derivatives in flame retardancy, thermal degradation and crystallization behaviors of polylactic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:558-570. [PMID: 35907467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Two kinds of phosphoramide derivatives containing one (POFA) or two (BPOFA) phosphoramide bonds were synthesized using diphenylphosphinic chloride, phenylphosphonic dichloride and furfurylamine, respectively. The flame retardancy, thermal degradation and crystallization behaviors of polylactic acid (PLA)/POFA and PLA/BPOFA blends were investigated using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning tests, cone calorimeter tests, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. A small amount of 1.0 wt% BPOFA increases the LOI of PLA from 20.4 vol% to 28.0 vol% and achieves the UL-94 V0 rating, while 7.0 wt% POFA is needed to achieve the UL-94 V0 rating indicating that the PLA/BPOFA has better flame retardancy than that of PLA/POFA. Both POFA and BPOFA decrease the amount of flammable gaseous compounds and play positive roles in transesterification of PLA. More importantly, BPOFA is easier to catalyze the degradation of PLA and improve UL-94 rating by melting-away mode. Moreover, the BPOFA accelerates the crystallization rate and thus improves the crystallinity of PLA, while POFA does not show a positive effect on crystallization behaviors of PLA.
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24
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Polyimide Copolymers and Nanocomposites: A Review of the Synergistic Effects of the Constituents on the Fire-Retardancy Behavior. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15114014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based polymer can catch fire when used as cathode material in batteries and supercapacitors, due to short circuiting. Polyimide is known to exhibit flame retardancy by forming char layer in condensed phase. The high char yield of polyimide is attributed to its aromatic nature and the existence of a donor–acceptor complex in its backbone. Fabrication of hybrid polyimide material can provide better protection against fire based on multiple fire-retardancy mechanisms. Nanocomposites generally show a significant enhancement in mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Nanoparticles, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, can enhance flame retardancy in condensed phase by forming a dense char layer. Silicone-based materials can also provide fire retardancy in condensed phase by a similar mechanism as polyimide. However, some inorganic fire retardants, such as phosphazene, can enhance flame retardancy in gaseous phase by releasing flame inhibiting radicals. The flame inhibiting radicals generated by phosphazene are released into the gaseous phase during combustion. A hybrid system constituted of polyimide, silicone-based additives, and phosphazene would provide significant improvement in flame retardancy in both the condensed phase and gas phase. In this review, several flame-retardant polyimide-based systems are described. This review which focuses on the various combinations of polyimide and other candidate fire-retardant materials would shed light on the nature of an effective multifunctional flame-retardant hybrid materials.
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25
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Yuan J, Wang H, Wang Y, Ma Y, Zhu Z, Lin X. A novel highly efficient intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene: Thermal degradation, flame retardance and mechanism. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Zhao C, Sun Z, Wei J, Li Y, Xiang D, Wu Y, Que Y. A Phosphorous-Containing Bio-Based Furfurylamine Type Benzoxazine and Its Application in Bisphenol-A Type Benzoxazine Resins: Preparation, Thermal Properties and Flammability. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081597. [PMID: 35458347 PMCID: PMC9028360 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Polybenzoxazine (PBa) composites based on phosphorous-containing bio-based furfurylamine type benzoxazines (D-fu) and bisphenol-A type benzoxazines (Ba) were developed for flame retardation. The structure of D-fu was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The curing temperature of Ba/D-fu mixtures was systematically studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated the excellent char formation ability of the PBa composites with the addition of phosphorous-containing D-fu. The flame retardancy of the PBa composite materials was tested by the limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94) and cone calorimeter (CONE). The LOI and UL-94 level of PBa/PD-fu-5% reached 34 and V0 rate, respectively. Notably, the incorporation of 5% D-fu into PBa led to a decrease of 21.9% at the peak of the heat-release rate and a mass-loss reduction of 8.0%. Moreover, the fire performance index increased, which demonstrated that the introduction of D-fu can diminish fire occurrence. The role of D-fu in the condensed and gas phases for the fire-resistant mechanism of the PBa matrix was supported by SEM-EDS and TGA/infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR), respectively. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that the Tg of PBa flame-retardant composites was around 230 °C. Therefore, PBa composites are promising fire-retardant polymers that can be applied as high-performance functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Zhao
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhangmei Sun
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Jixuan Wei
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yuntao Li
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dong Xiang
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yuanpeng Wu
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
- The Center of Functional Materials for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yusheng Que
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
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28
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Yu Y, Xi L, Yao M, Liu L, Zhang Y, Huo S, Fang Z, Song P. Governing effects of melt viscosity on fire performances of polylactide and its fire-retardant systems. iScience 2022; 25:103950. [PMID: 35281725 PMCID: PMC8908218 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme flammability of polylactide (PLA) has restricted its real-world applications. Traditional research only focuses on developing new effective fire retardants for PLA without considering the effect of melt viscosity on its fire performances. To fill the knowledge gap, a series of PLA matrices of varied melt flow index (MFI) with and without fire retardants are chosen to examine how melt viscosity affects its fire performances. Our results show that the MFI has a governing impact on fire performances of pure PLA and its fire-retardant systems if the samples are placed vertically during fire testing. PLA with higher MFI values achieves higher limiting oxygen index (LOI) values, and a lower loading level of fire retardants is required for PLA to pass a UL-94 V-0 rating. This work unveils the correlation between melt viscosity and their fire performance and offers a practical guidance for creating flame retardant PLA to extend its applications. The polymer melt viscosity plays a governing role in fire performances of PLA PLA with higher MFI shows higher LOI and needs less FR to get the UL-94 V-0 A critical MFI range of 16.5–29.9 g/10min is found to affect the fire performance Melt viscosity does not affect fire performances when PLA was tested horizontally
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29
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Sun C, Zhang W, Cui Y, Liu D. Synthesis of phosphazene‐triazine bi‐base sulfonate and its applications in flame‐retardant modified polycarbonate. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuangchuang Sun
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
- Nanjing Lihan Chemical Co., Ltd. Nanjing China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nanjing Lihan Chemical Co., Ltd. Nanjing China
| | - Yihua Cui
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Dongyue Liu
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
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30
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Chen Y, Wu X, Li M, Qian L, Zhou H. Mechanically Robust and Flame-Retardant Polylactide Composites Based on In Situ Formation of Crosslinked Network Structure by DCP and TAIC. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:308. [PMID: 35054714 PMCID: PMC8782028 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The addition of intumescent flame retardant to PLA can greatly improve the flame retardancy of the material and inhibit the dripping, but the major drawback is the adverse impact of the mechanical properties of the material. In this study, we found that the flame retardant and mechanical properties of the materials can be improved simultaneously by constructing a cross-linked structure. Firstly, a cross-linking flame-retardant PLA structure was designed by adding 0.9 wt% DCP and 0.3 wt% TAIC. After that, different characterization methods including torque, melt flow rate, molecular weight and gel content were used to clarify the formation of crosslinking structures. Results showed that the torque of 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA increased by 307% and the melt flow rate decreased by 77.8%. The gel content of 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA was 30.8%, indicating the formation of cross-linked structures. Then, the mechanical properties and flame retardant performance were studied. Results showed that, compared with FRPLA, the tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength of 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA increased by 34.8%, 82.6% and 42.9%, respectively. The flame retardancy test results showed that 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA had a very high LOI (the limiting oxygen index) value of 39.2% and passed the UL94 V-0 level without dripping. Finally, the crosslinking reaction mechanism, flame retardant mechanism and the reasons for the improvement of mechanical properties were studied and described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Chen
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.Z.)
- China Light Industry Advanced Flame Retardant Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xingde Wu
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.Z.)
- China Light Industry Advanced Flame Retardant Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.Z.)
- China Light Industry Advanced Flame Retardant Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.Z.)
- China Light Industry Advanced Flame Retardant Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hongfu Zhou
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.Z.)
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31
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Yang P, Wu H, Yang F, Yang J, Wang R, Zhu Z. A Novel Self-Assembled Graphene-Based Flame Retardant: Synthesis and Flame Retardant Performance in PLA. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234216. [PMID: 34883719 PMCID: PMC8659536 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel flame retardant (PMrG) was developed by self-assembling melamine and phytic acid (PA) onto rGO, and then applying it to the improvement of the flame resistance of PLA. PMrG simultaneously decreases the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and the total heat release (THR) of the composite during combustion, and enhances the LOI value and the time to ignition (TTI), thus significantly improving the flame retardancy of the composite. The flame retardant mechanism of the PMrG is also investigated. On one hand, the dehydration of PA and the decomposition of melamine in PMrG generate non-flammable volatiles, such as H2O and NH3, which dilute the oxygen concentration around the combustion front of the composite. On the other hand, the rGO, melamine, and PA components in PMrG create a synergistic effect in promoting the formation of a compact char layer during the combustion, which plays a barrier role and effectively suppresses the release of heat and smoke. In addition, the PMrGs in PLA exert a positive effect on the crystallization of the PLA matrix, thus playing the role of nucleation agent.
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32
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Construction of super-hydrophobic, highly effective flame retardant coating for cotton fabric with superior washability and abrasion resistance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:2019-2028. [PMID: 34798710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to meet the rapidly growing demand of multi-functional fabric, a super-hydrophobic flame retardant coating for cotton fabric with superior washability and abrasion resistance was prepared. Flame retardant finishing agent P, P-diphenyl-N-(3-(trithoxysilyl) propyl) phospinic amide (DPTES) and hydrophobic finishing agent polydimethylsiloxane @silicon dioxide (PDMS@SiO2) were fixed on the surface of cotton fabric by a simple sol-gel technology in combination with convenient brush-coating process. The coated cotton fabric was capable of self-extinguishing a flame, and the Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) increased from 18.0% for the control cotton fabric to 26.0% for the treated one at weight gain of 30.3%. The water contact angle (WCA) of C3-PDMS-silica is around 154°, and the slip angle is 8°. In addition, the treated cotton fabric exhibits anti-washing and self-cleaning ability due to the superhydrophobic feature and superior friction resistance. The C3-PDMS-silica sample with excellent char-forming ability, as shown by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), leading to outstanding flame retardancy. A composite char layer was constituted with char residues and ceramic layer during the combustion of inorganic silicon, which plays the role of heat insulation and flame retardant.
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33
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Zhang L, Chai W, Li W, Semple K, Yin N, Zhang W, Dai C. Intumescent-Grafted Bamboo Charcoal: A Natural Nontoxic Fire-Retardant Filler for Polylactic Acid (PLA) Composites. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26990-27006. [PMID: 34693119 PMCID: PMC8529600 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an alternative flame-retardant filler based on phosphate- and urea-grafted bamboo charcoal (BC-m) at 10-30 wt % addition was aimed at improving the flame retardancy of polylactic acid (PLA) composites. The filler caused only a small reduction in strength properties but a slight increase in the modulus of elasticity of PLA composites. BC-m significantly improved the flame-retardant performance compared with pure BC. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) was 28.0 vol % when 10 wt % of BC-m was added, and 32.1 vol % for 30 wt % addition, which was much greater than the value of 22.5 vol % for 30 wt % pure BC. Unlike pure BC, adding BC-m at 20 wt % or more gave a UL-94 vertical flame test rating of V-0 with significantly reduced melt dripping. The peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of BC-m/PLA composites decreased by more than 50% compared with pure PLA, and the values for 20% BC-m were significantly less than that for 25% BC addition. The grafted biochar-based system provides an effective flame retardancy effect by a condensed-phase protective barrier through the rapid formation of a dense, honeycomb-like cross-linked carbonized char layer. The results suggest a promising route to enhancing the flame-retardant properties of biodegradable polymer composites using nontoxic, more environmentally friendly grafted biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative
Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Weisheng Chai
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative
Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wenzhu Li
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative
Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Kate Semple
- Department
of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University
of British Columbia, 2900-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ningning Yin
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative
Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wenbiao Zhang
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative
Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chunping Dai
- Department
of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University
of British Columbia, 2900-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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34
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Chen Y, He J, Xu L, Xu B, Qian L. Mechanical properties and flame retardancy of PLA composites containing zinc oxide and chain extender. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation Beijing China
| | - Jingxiu He
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation Beijing China
| | - Lifeng Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation Beijing China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation Beijing China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation Beijing China
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35
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Chen Y, Wu X, Li M, Qian L, Zhou H. Construction of crosslinking network structures by adding
ZnO
and
ADR
in intumescent flame retardant
PLA
composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Chen
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- China Light Industry Advanced Flame Retardant Engineering Technology Research Center Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing China
| | - Xingde Wu
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- China Light Industry Advanced Flame Retardant Engineering Technology Research Center Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing China
| | - Mengqi Li
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- China Light Industry Advanced Flame Retardant Engineering Technology Research Center Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- China Light Industry Advanced Flame Retardant Engineering Technology Research Center Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing China
| | - Hongfu Zhou
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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36
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Ma C, Qian L, Li J. Effect of functional groups of magnolol-based cyclic phosphonate on structure and properties of flame retardant epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Sai T, Su Y, Shen H, Ran S, Huo S, Guo Z, Fang Z. Fabrication and Mechanism Study of Cerium-Based P, N-Containing Complexes for Reducing Fire Hazards of Polycarbonate with Superior Thermostability and Toughness. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30061-30075. [PMID: 34132088 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A superior comprehensive performance is essential for the extensive utilization of polymers. Current flame-retardant strategies for polycarbonates (PCs) usually realize satisfied fire resistance at the cost of thermostability, toughness, and/or mechanical robustness. Thus, we report a rare-earth-based P, N-containing complex with a lamellar aggregated structure [Ce(DPA)3] by a coordination reaction between a tailored ligand and cerium(III) nitrate. The results indicate that incorporating 3 wt % Ce(DPA)3 enables the resultant PC composite to achieve UL-94 V-0 rating, with a 55% reduction in the peak heat release rate. Besides, the initial (T5) and maximum (Tmax1 and Tmax2) decomposition temperatures are significantly increased by 21, 19, and 27 °C, respectively, in an air atmosphere. Moreover, the impact strength and elongation at break of the PC composite containing 3 wt % Ce(DPA)3 are greatly increased by 20 and 59%, respectively, relative to pristine PC, while its tensile strength (57 MPa) is still close to that of bulk PC (60 MPa). Notably, this work provides a novel methodology for revealing the evolution mechanisms of chemical structures of vapor and residual products during thermal decomposition, which is conducive to guiding fire and heat resistance modification of PC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sai
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yukai Su
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haifeng Shen
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Shiya Ran
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Siqi Huo
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhenghong Guo
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zhengping Fang
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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38
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Amidoximated polyorganophosphazene microspheres with an excellent property of U(VI) adsorption in aqueous solution. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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39
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Intumescent Flame Retardant Mechanism of Lignosulfonate as a Char Forming Agent in Rigid Polyurethane Foam. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101585. [PMID: 34069151 PMCID: PMC8155981 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intumescent flame retardants (IFR) have been widely used to improve flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane (RPU) foams and the most commonly used char forming agent is pentaerythritol (PER). Lignosulfonate (LS) is a natural macromolecule with substantial aromatic structures and abundant hydroxyl groups, and carbon content higher than PER. The flame retardancy and its mechanism of LS as char forming agent instead of PER in IFR formulation were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index testing and cone calorimeter test. The results showed LS as a char forming agent did not increase the density of RPU/LS foams. LOI value and char residue of RPU/LS foam were higher than RPU/PER and the mass loss of RPU/LS foam decreased 18%, suggesting enhanced thermal stability. CCT results showed LS as a char forming agent in IFR formulation effectively enhanced the flame retardancy of RPU foams with respect to PER. The flame retardancy mechanism showed RPU/LS foam presented a continuous and relatively compact char layer, acting as the effect of the flame retardant and heat insulation between gaseous and condensed phases. The efficiency of different LS ratio in IFR formulation as char forming agent was different, and the best flame retardancy and thermal stability was obtained at RPU/LS1.
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40
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Sun Q, Wang Y, Wei J, Shen Y, Chen X, Zhang B, Song X. Synthesis of novel EDPP for inflaming retarding PLLA. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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41
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Yao L, Jincheng W, Chenyang Z. Preparation of a novel flame retardant based on diatomite/polyethyleneimine modified MWCNT for applications in silicone rubber composites. J RUBBER RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42464-020-00079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Yang H, Shi B, Xue Y, Ma Z, Liu L, Liu L, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Annamalai PK, Song P. Molecularly Engineered Lignin-Derived Additives Enable Fire-Retardant, UV-Shielding, and Mechanically Strong Polylactide Biocomposites. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1432-1444. [PMID: 33538584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
From a perspective of sustainable development and practical applications, there has been a great need for the design of advanced polylactide (PLA) biocomposites that are flame-retardant, ultraviolet (UV)-resistant, and mechanically strong by using biomass-derived additives. Unfortunately, the achievement of a desirable performance portfolio remains unsatisfactory because of improper design strategies. Herein, we report the design of lignin-derived multifunctional bioadditives (TP-g-lignin) with tunable chemical compositions through graft polymerization of a phosphorus-/nitrogen-containing vinyl monomer (TP). Our results show that the incorporation of 5.0 wt % of TP-g-lignin (at a lignin-to-TP ratio of 1:4 by mass) enables PLA to achieve a desirable flame retardancy rating meeting the UL-94 V-0 industrial standard requirements. Meanwhile, the final PLA composite exhibits an exceptional UV-shielding capability. Moreover, with 5.0 wt % of the bio-derived additive, the elastic modulus of PLA is increased by ∼26%, while mechanical strength is fully retained due to engineered favorable interfaces. This work offers an innovative and sustainable strategy for creating bio-based multifunctional additives by using industrial lignin waste and further the application of PLA in the areas of packaging, fabrics, electronics, automobiles, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitang Yang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Bingbing Shi
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yijiao Xue
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, No. 8 Fochengxi Road, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Zhewen Ma
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lina Liu
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China.,Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Springfield Central, Queensland 4350, Australia
| | - Youming Yu
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Pratheep K Annamalai
- Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanoengineering, The University of Queensland, 280-Cnr of College and Cooper Road, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Pingan Song
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Springfield Central, Queensland 4350, Australia
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43
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Enhance the interaction between ammonium polyphosphate and epoxy resin matrix through hydrophobic modification with cationic latex. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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44
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Soy protein-based adhesive with superior bonding strength and water resistance by designing densely crosslinking networks. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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45
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Synergistic effect between a novel silane-containing hyperbranched polyphosphamide and ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of polypropylene composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Xue Q, Wu Q, Yao Y, Li X, Sun J, Gu X, Song W, Yan F, Zhang S. A bio‐safe cyclophosphazene derivative flame retardant for
polylactic acid
composites: Flammability and cytotoxicity. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Xue
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Marine Rehabilitation Drugs and Special New Materials, School of Pharmacy Weifang Medical University Weifang China
| | - Quan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Marine Rehabilitation Drugs and Special New Materials, School of Pharmacy Weifang Medical University Weifang China
| | - Jun Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Weiguo Song
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Marine Rehabilitation Drugs and Special New Materials, School of Pharmacy Weifang Medical University Weifang China
- Doye Pharma Co., Ltd. Dongying China
| | - Fang Yan
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Marine Rehabilitation Drugs and Special New Materials, School of Pharmacy Weifang Medical University Weifang China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
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47
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Li L, Li S, Wang H, Zhu Z, Yin X, Mao J. Low flammability and smoke epoxy resins with a novel
DOPO
‐based imidazolone derivative. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Artificial Intelligence School Wuchang University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Shan Li
- Artificial Intelligence School Wuchang University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Zongmin Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Xianze Yin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Jiawei Mao
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Chengdu Institute of Product Quality Inspection Co., Ltd Chengdu China
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48
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Liu Y, Xu B, Qian L, Chen Y, Qiu Y. Impact on flame retardancy and degradation behavior of intumescent flame‐retardant
EP
composites by a hyperbranched triazine‐based charring agent. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing PR China
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing PR China
| | - Lijun Qian
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing PR China
| | - Yajun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing PR China
| | - Yong Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing PR China
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49
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Yu MM, Yang WJ, Niu DY, Cai XX, Weng YX, Dong WF, Chen MQ, Xu PW, Wang Y, Chu H, Ma PM. Enhancing the Crystallization Performance of Poly(L-lactide) by Intramolecular Hybridizing with Tunable Self-assembly-type Oxalamide Segments. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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50
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Wu BG, Yang WJ, Niu DY, Dong WF, Chen MQ, Liu TX, Du ML, Ma PM. Stereocomplexed Poly(lactide) Composites toward Engineering Plastics with Superior Toughness, Heat Resistance and Anti-hydrolysis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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