1
|
Malucelli G. Bio-Sourced Flame Retardants for Textiles: Where We Are and Where We Are Going. Molecules 2024; 29:3067. [PMID: 38999018 PMCID: PMC11243121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
After the period of halogenated compounds, the period of nano-structured systems, and that of phosphorus (and nitrogen)-based additives (still in progress), following the increasingly demanding circular economy concept, about ten years ago the textile flame retardant world started experiencing the design and exploitation of bio-sourced products. Indeed, since the demonstration of the potential of such bio(macro)molecules as whey proteins, milk proteins (i.e., caseins), and nucleic acids as effective flame retardants, both natural and synthetic fibers and fabrics can take advantage of the availability of several low-environmental impact/"green" compounds, often recovered from wastes or by-products, which contain all the elements that typically compose standard flame-retardant recipes. The so-treated textiles often exhibit flame-retardant features that are similar to those provided by conventional fireproof treatments. Further, the possibility of using the same deposition techniques already available in the textile industry makes these products very appealing, considering that the application methods usually do not require hazardous or toxic chemicals. This review aims to present an overview of the development of bio-sourced flame retardants, focusing attention on the latest research outcomes, and finally discussing some current challenging issues related to their efficient application, paving the way toward further future implementations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Malucelli
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ustuntag S, Cakir N, Erdem A, Ozmen O, Dogan M. Production and Characterization of Flame Retardant Leather Waste Filled Thermoplastic Polyurethane. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9475-9485. [PMID: 38434846 PMCID: PMC10905688 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Discovering new applications for discarded materials, such as leather waste (LW), has proven to be an effective approach to an ecofriendly and sustainable production. The manufacture of halogen-free flame retardant LW containing thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based samples containing an organic phosphinate (OP)-based flame retardant additive would represent an advance in this area. The effects of LW and OP levels on the thermal, flame retardant, and tensile properties of the samples using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical UL-94 (UL-94 V), mass loss calorimetry, and tensile tests have been assessed. OP is highly effective in LW-filled TPU. The highest UL-94 V rating of V0, LOI value of 31.4%, the lowest peak heat release rate (93 ± 3 kW/m2), and total heat evolved (49 ± 2 MJ/m2) values are obtained with the use of 20 wt % OP. OP is primarily promoted through the creation of a compact intumescent residue structure in the condensed phase. LW exhibits an adjuvant effect by producing nonflammable gases in the gas phase and raising the residual yield in the condensed phase. The most remarkable effect of the LW presence is observed in fire performance index (FPI) and fire growth rate (FIGRA) values. The highest FPI value of 0.49 sm2/kW and the lowest FIGRA value of 0.91 kW/m2s are observed with the use of 20 wt % LW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumeyye Ustuntag
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkiye
| | - Nida Cakir
- Department
of Fashion Design Trabzon Vocational School, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkiye
| | | | - Ozkan Ozmen
- Department
of Industrial Design Engineering, Erciyes
University, Kayseri 38039, Turkiye
| | - Mehmet Dogan
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkiye
- Erciyes
Teknopark, Hematainer Biotechnology and
Health Products Inc, Kayseri 38010, Turkiye
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mahaninia MH, Wang Z, Rajabi-Abhari A, Yan N. Self-healing, flame-retardant, and antimicrobial chitosan-based dynamic covalent hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126422. [PMID: 37598822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the fabrication of chitosan-based hydrogels with potential to be applied as a flame-retardant coating on skin or other surfaces. These hydrogels possess remarkable antimicrobial properties that are highly desirable for the protection of epidermises. Hydrogels in this study were prepared via the cross-linking reaction of chitosan with a vanillin-based cross linker containing flame-retarding moieties through Schiff's base reaction. The synthesized hydrogels possess imine linkages enabling them to self-heal at room temperature. Self-healing abilities offered these hydrogels the ability to protect the skin for a longer time. One flame retarding mechanism of these hydrogels was by retaining the water in their polymeric network; thus, the role of bound and unbound water molecules was studied using DSC and Raman spectroscopy. The hydrogels synthesized in this study retained their flame-retarding properties even after drying due to the charring process that inhibited the pyrolysis process. Therefore, these chitosan-based hydrogels are able to prolong the protection time against fire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Mahaninia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3, Canada
| | - Zhuoya Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3, Canada
| | - Araz Rajabi-Abhari
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3, Canada
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Akram N, Shahzadi I, Zia KM, Saeed M, Ali A, Al-Salahi R, Abuelizz HA, Verpoort F. Fabrication and In Vitro Biological Assay of Thermo-Mechanically Tuned Chitosan Reinforced Polyurethane Composites. Molecules 2023; 28:7218. [PMID: 37894696 PMCID: PMC10608899 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive trend of utilizing bioactive materials constitutes diverse materials exhibiting biocompatibility. The innovative aspect of this research is the tuning of the thermo-mechanical behavior of polyurethane (PU) composites with improved biocompatibility for vibrant applications. Polycaprolactone (CAPA) Mn = 2000 g-mol-1 was used as a macrodiol, along with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), to develop prepolymer chains, which were terminated with 1,4 butane diol (BD). The matrix was reinforced with various concentrations of chitosan (1-5 wt %). Two series of PU composites (PUT/PUH) based on aromatic and aliphatic diisocyanate were prepared by varying the hard segment (HS) ratio from 5 to 30 (wt %). The Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the absence of an NCO peak at 1730 cm-1 in order to confirm polymer chain termination. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed optimum weight loss up to 500 °C. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed the complex modulus (E*) ≥ 200 MPa. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) proved the ordered structure and uniform distribution of chain extender in PU. The hemolytic activities were recorded up to 15.8 ± 1.5% for the PUH series. The optimum values for the inhibition of biofilm formation were recorded as 46.3 ± 1.8% against E. coli and S. aureus (%), which was supported by phase contrast microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Akram
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (I.S.); (K.M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Iram Shahzadi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (I.S.); (K.M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (I.S.); (K.M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (I.S.); (K.M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (I.S.); (K.M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Rashad Al-Salahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-S.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Hatem A. Abuelizz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-S.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Francis Verpoort
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han S, Yang F, Li Q, Sui G, Kalimuldina G, Araby S. Synergetic Effect of α-ZrP Nanosheets and Nitrogen-Based Flame Retardants on Thermoplastic Polyurethane. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:17054-17069. [PMID: 36944022 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A supramolecular self-assembly method was used to prepare melamine cyanurate/α-ZrP nanosheets (MCA@α-ZrP) as a novel hybrid flame retardant for thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Microstructure characterization showed a uniform dispersion with strong interfacial strength of the MCA@α-ZrP hybrid within the TPU matrix, leading to simultaneous enhancements in both mechanical and fire-safety properties. The TPU/MCA@α-ZrP nanocomposite exhibited 43.1 and 47.0% increments in tensile strength and fracture energy, respectively. Thanks to the platelike structure of α-ZrP coupled with the dilution effect of MCA (releasing nonflammable gases), the hybrid MCA@α-ZrP reduced the peak heat release rate of TPU by 49.7% in comparison with 15.8 and 35.4% for TPU/MCA and TPU/ α-ZrP composites, respectively. The fire performance index of TPU is significantly promoted by 90% upon adding the MCA@α-ZrP hybrid. Additionally, LOI and UL-94 tests showed high flame-retarding characteristics for the MCA@α-ZrP hybrid. For example, LOI increased from 20.0% for neat TPU to 25.5% for the MCA@α-ZrP hybrid system, and it was rated V-1 from the UL-94 test. Furthermore, the smoke production and pyrolysis products were significantly suppressed by adding the MCA@α-ZrP hybrid into TPU. Interfacial hydrogen bonding, the dilution effect of MCA, forming a "labyrinth" layer, and catalytic action of α-ZrP nanosheets synergistically improved both the mechanical performance and flame retardancy of TPU nanocomposites. This work provides a new example of integrating traditional flame retardants with functional nanosheets to develop polymeric nanocomposites with high mechanical and fire-safety properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sensen Han
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guoxin Sui
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Gulnur Kalimuldina
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Science, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Sherif Araby
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Science, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Han S, Yang F, Li Q, Sui G, Su X, Dai J, Ma J. Tackling smoke toxicity and fire hazards of thermoplastic polyurethane by mechanochemical combination of Cu₂O nanoparticles and zirconium phosphate nanosheets. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
|
7
|
Biomass tannic acid intermediated surface functionalization of ammonium polyphosphate for enhancing fire safety and smoke suppression of thermoplastic polyurethane. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
|
8
|
Tang W, Zhang A, Cheng Y, Dessie W, Liao Y, Chen H, Qin Z, Wang X, Jin X. Fabrication and application of chitosan-based biomass composites with fire safety, water treatment and antibacterial properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:266-276. [PMID: 36336155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a biomass composite material (CS@NC@PA-Na) was prepared from chitosan (CS), nano-cellulose (NC) and sodium phytate (PA-Na). The prepared products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The fire/water safety and antimicrobial properties of the CS@NC@PA-Na were fully studied. The results indicated CS@NC@PA-Na (50 mg) could effectively reduce the concentration of methyl orange by 85 % under 30 min adsorption. Meanwhile, only 5 wt% CS@NC@PA-Na could increase the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of epoxy resin composite from 24.5 to 30.1 %, and decrease the peak heat/smoke release rate by 29.5 and 33.3 %, respectively. Moreover, CS@NC@PA-Na also exhibited excellent antibacterial effect. This work provides an efficient, feasible and eco-friendly route for large-scale production of multi-functional CS-based biomass materials that could be used in the fields of fire safety and environmental conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wufei Tang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Aozheng Zhang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Youwei Cheng
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Wubliker Dessie
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Yunhui Liao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Huifang Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Zuodong Qin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Shenzhen 863 New Material and Technology Co, Ltd, Shenzhen 518117, China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Su Q, Wang T, Hou G, Cui H, Chen L, An Y, Zhou H, Chen J. A Study on the Preparation and Cavitation Erosion Mechanism of Polyether Polyurethane Coating. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8204. [PMID: 36431689 PMCID: PMC9698824 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane elastomers are anticipated to be applied in the field of cavitation erosion (CE) resistance, but their protection and damage mechanisms are not clear, which greatly restricts their further development. In this article, five polyether polyurethanes (PUx) with different crosslinking densities were prepared. Their mechanical properties, thermal properties, water absorption, surface morphology and chemical structure before and after CE tests were compared with ESEM, OM, TG-DSC, FTIR and XPS in detail. The results showed that with an increase in crosslinking density, the tensile strength of PUx increased first and then decreased, elongation at break and water absorption reduced gradually and thermal decomposition temperature and adhesion strength increased steadily. During the CE process, cavitation load aggravated the degree of microphase separation and made brittle hard segments concentrate on the coating surface; meanwhile, cavitation heat accelerated hydrolysis, pyrolysis, oxidation and the fracture of molecular chains. As a result, the mechano-thermal coupling intensified the formation and propagation of fatigue cracks, which should be the fundamental reason for the CE damage of polyurethane elastomer. PU0.4 exhibited the best CE resistance among the five coatings thanks to its good comprehensive properties and may find potential applications on the surface of hydraulic components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Su
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Tiancong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guoliang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haixia Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yulong An
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huidi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu S, Liu J, Liu X, Li H, Gu X, Sun J, Zhang S. Preparation of Ni-Fe layered double hydroxides and its application in thermoplastic polyurethane with flame retardancy and smoke suppression. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
11
|
Li Y, Qi L, Liu Y, Qiao J, Wang M, Liu X, Li S. Recent Advances in Halogen-Free Flame Retardants for Polyolefin Cable Sheath Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142876. [PMID: 35890652 PMCID: PMC9322620 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous advancements of urbanization, the demand for power cables is increasing to replace overhead lines for energy transmission and distribution. Due to undesirable scenarios, e.g., the short circuit or poor contact, the cables can cause fire. The cable sheath has a significant effect on fire expansion. Thus, it is of great significance to carry out research on flame-retardant modification for cable sheath material to prevent fire accidents. With the continuous environmental concern, polyolefin (PO) is expected to gradually replace polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for cable sheath material. Moreover, the halogen-free flame retardants (FRs), which are the focus of this paper, will replace the ones with halogen gradually. The halogen-free FRs used in PO cable sheath material can be divided into inorganic flame retardant, organic flame retardant, and intumescent flame retardant (IFR). However, most FRs will cause severe damage to the mechanical properties of the PO cable sheath material, mainly reflected in the elongation at break and tensile strength. Therefore, the cooperative modification of PO materials for flame retardancy and mechanical properties has become a research hotspot. For this review, about 240 works from the literature related to FRs used in PO materials were investigated. It is shown that the simultaneous improvement for flame retardancy and mechanical properties mainly focuses on surface treatment technology, nanotechnology, and the cooperative effect of multiple FRs. The principle is mainly to improve the compatibility of FRs with PO polymers and/or increase the efficiency of FRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; (L.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (M.W.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Leijie Qi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; (L.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (M.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Yifan Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; (L.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (M.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Junjie Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; (L.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (M.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Maotao Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; (L.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (M.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinyue Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; (L.Q.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (M.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Shasha Li
- State Grid Hebei Baoding Electric Power Company Limited, Baoding 071051, China;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu M, Liu X, Sun P, Tang G, Yang Y, Kan Y, Ye M, Zong Z. Thermoplastic polyurethane composites based on aluminum hypophosphite/modified iron tailings system with outstanding fire performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Xinliang Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Po Sun
- Analysis and Testing Central Facility Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Gang Tang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Yadong Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Yongchun Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Mingfu Ye
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Zhifang Zong
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Superior radical scavenging and catalytic carbonization capacities of bioderived assembly modified ammonium polyphosphate as a mono-component intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
14
|
Li D, Liu L, Zhang Z, Xu M, Xu Y, Qian L. An urethane-based phosphonate ester for improving flame retardancy and smoke suppression of thermoplastic polyurethane. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
15
|
The encapsulation of intumescent flame retardants by poly-siloxane for thermoplastic polyolefin: Fire safety and water resistance. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
16
|
Wang B, Li J, Lai X, Li H, Chen Y, Zeng X. Synthesis of a novel
N
‐alkoxyamine containing macromolecular intumescent flame retardant and its synergism in flame‐retarding polypropylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xuejun Lai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yishen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xingrong Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu Q, Liu Y, Han Z, Su M, Sun J, Zhang S, Gu X, Li H. Surface modification of bamboo fibers by diammonium phosphate and their applications in flame retardant thermoplastic polyurethane. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Yanxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Zhongqiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof Materials Beijing Oriental Yuhong Waterproof Technology Co., Ltd. Beijing China
| | - Ming Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Q, Zhang X, Cheng W, Li Z, Li Q. In situ-synthesis of calcium alginate nano-silver phosphate hybrid material with high flame retardant and antibacterial properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1615-1625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
19
|
Liu C, Zhang P, Shi Y, Rao X, Cai S, Fu L, Feng Y, Wang L, Zheng X, Yang W. Enhanced Fire Safety of Rigid Polyurethane Foam via Synergistic Effect of Phosphorus/Nitrogen Compounds and Expandable Graphite. Molecules 2020; 25:E4741. [PMID: 33076563 PMCID: PMC7587603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to explore highly efficient flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF), phosphorus/nitrogen compounds and expandable graphite (EG) were successfully incorporated into RPUF by a free one-spot method. The combustion results showed that the fire safety of the RPUF samples was remarkably improved by the addition of phosphoric/nitrogen compounds and EG. With the incorporation of 22.4 wt.% phosphorus/nitrogen compounds and 3.2 wt.% EG, the RPUF composites achieved UL-94 V-0 rating. Besides, the total heat release and total smoke release of RPUF composites were reduced by 29.6% and 32.4% respectively, compared to those of the pure RPUF sample. PO• and PO2• together with nonflammable gaseous products were evolved from phosphoric/nitrogen compounds in the gas phase, which quenched the flammable free radicals in the matrix and diluted the concentration of combustible gaseous products generated from PRUF during combustion. The compact char residues which acted as excellent physical barriers were formed by catalysis of EG and phosphoric/nitrogen compounds in the condense phase. The fire hazard of RPUF was significantly reduced by the synergistic effect of phosphorus-nitrogen compounds and EG. This work provides a promising strategy to enhance the fire safety of RPUF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Liu
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China; (C.L.); (X.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Ping Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Enviromental Friendly Energy Materials & Department of Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;
| | - Yongqian Shi
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China; (C.L.); (X.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Xiaohui Rao
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China; (C.L.); (X.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Suncheng Cai
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China; (C.L.); (X.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Libi Fu
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China;
| | - Yuezhan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Liancong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Safety Technology, CCTEG Shenyang Research Institute, Fushun 113122, China
| | - Xueqin Zheng
- College of Safety and Environment, Fujian Chuanzheng Communications College, 80 Shoushan Road, Fuzhou 350007, China;
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Flame-Retardant Systems Based on Chitosan and Its Derivatives: State of the Art and Perspectives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184046. [PMID: 32899696 PMCID: PMC7570566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, the utilization of chitin, and in par0ticular its deacetylated form, i.e., chitosan, for flame retardant purposes, has represented quite a novel and interesting application, very far from the established uses of this bio-sourced material. In this context, chitosan is a carbon source that can be successfully exploited, often in combination with intumescent products, in order to provide different polymer systems (namely, bulky materials, fabrics and foams) with high flame retardant (FR) features. Besides, this specific use of chitosan in flame retardance is well suited to a green and sustainable approach. This review aims to summarize the recent advances concerning the utilization of chitosan as a key component in the design of efficient flame retardant systems for different polymeric materials.
Collapse
|
21
|
An effective mono-component intumescent flame retardant for the enhancement of water resistance and fire safety of thermoplastic polyurethane composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
22
|
Zhou Q, Gong K, Zhou K, Zhao S, Shi C. Synergistic effect between phosphorus tailings and aluminum hypophosphite in flame‐retardant thermoplastic polyurethane composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhou
- Faculty of EngineeringChina University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan China
| | - Kaili Gong
- Faculty of EngineeringChina University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan China
| | - Keqing Zhou
- Faculty of EngineeringChina University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan China
- Engineering Research Center of Rock‐Soil Drilling & Excavation and ProtectionChina University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Ministry of Education Wuhan China
| | - Sijia Zhao
- Faculty of EngineeringChina University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan China
| | - Congling Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation SafetyChina Academy of Safety Science and Technology Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Electrostatic action induced interfacial accumulation of layered double hydroxides towards highly efficient flame retardance and mechanical enhancement of thermoplastic polyurethane/ammonium polyphosphate. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|