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Hallstein J, Metzsch-Zilligen E, Pfaendner R. Long-Term Thermal Stabilization of Poly(Lactic Acid). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2761. [PMID: 38894026 PMCID: PMC11173481 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
To use polylactic acid in demanding technical applications, sufficient long-term thermal stability is required. In this work, the thermal aging of polylactic acid (PLA) in the solid phase at 100 °C and 150 °C is investigated. PLA has only limited aging stability without the addition of stabilizers. Therefore, the degradation mechanism in thermal aging was subsequently investigated in more detail to identify a suitable stabilization strategy. Investigations using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that, contrary to expectations, even under thermal aging conditions, hydrolytic degradation rather than oxidative degradation is the primary degradation mechanism. This was further confirmed by the investigation of suitable stabilizers. While the addition of phenols, phosphites and thioethers as antioxidants leads only to a limited improvement in aging stability, the addition of an additive composition to provide hydrolytic stabilization results in extended durability. Efficient compositions consist of an aziridine-based hydrolysis inhibitor and a hydrotalcite co-stabilizer. At an aging temperature of 100 °C, the time until significant polymer chain degradation occurs is extended from approx. 500 h for unstabilized polylactic acid to over 2000 h for stabilized polylactic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rudolf Pfaendner
- Division Plastics, Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany; (J.H.); (E.M.-Z.)
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2
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Solid State Polymerization of Biodegradable Poly(butylene sebacate-co-terephthalate): A Rapid, Facile Method for Property Enhancement. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051133. [PMID: 36904373 PMCID: PMC10007135 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(butylene sebacate-co-terephthalate) (PBSeT) has generated attention as a promising biopolymer for preparing bioplastics. However, there are limited studies on the synthesis of PBSeT, impeding its commercialization. Herein, with a view to addressing this challenge, biodegradable PBSeT was modified using solid state polymerization (SSP) with various ranges of time and temperature. The SSP used three different temperatures below the melting temperature of PBSeT. The polymerization degree of SSP was investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The changes in the rheological properties of PBSeT after SSP were investigated using a rheometer and an Ubbelodhe viscometer. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction showed that the crystallinity of PBSeT was higher after SSP. The investigation revealed that after SSP for 40 min at 90 °C, PBSeT exhibited higher intrinsic viscosity (increased from 0.47 to 0.53 dL/g), crystallinity, and complex viscosity than PBSeT polymerized at other temperatures. However, a high SSP processing time resulted in a decrease in these values. In this experiment, SSP was most effectively performed in the temperature range closest to the melting temperature of PBSeT. This indicates that SSP could be a facile and rapid method for improving the crystallinity and thermal stability of synthesized PBSeT.
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3
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Tuna B. Reactive Extrusion of Recycled Polycarbonate Using Chain Extenders. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793123010281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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Tarzynska N, Bednarowicz A, Pabjanczyk-Wlazlo E, Draczyński Z. The Interphase Gas-Solid Synthesis of Ammonium Alginate-The Comparison of Two Synthesis Methods and the Effect of Low Molecular Weight Electrolyte Presence. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124321. [PMID: 35744381 PMCID: PMC9227276 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a method for the synthesis of ammonium alginate by interphase gas-solid reaction. It was confirmed by FTIR ATR spectroscopy analysis that a full substitution of acid groups by ammonium groups on the surface of powdered alginic acid was performed. Comparative studies on the properties of ammonium alginate solutions obtained by interphase reaction with those prepared by the classical method of dissolving alginic acid in an ammonia solution showed that the rheological properties of the solutions from these two derivatives do not differ significantly. Moreover, it was shown that aqueous solutions of ammonium alginate are more stable over time than solutions of sodium alginate. It was confirmed that ammonium alginate and sodium alginate are typical polyelectrolytes, as the addition of a low molecular weight electrolyte to their solutions resulted in a decrease in viscosity.
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5
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Beltrán FR, Arrieta MP, Elena Antón D, Lozano-Pérez AA, Cenis JL, Gaspar G, de la Orden MU, Martínez Urreaga J. Effect of Yerba Mate and Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles on the Migration Properties in Ethanolic Food Simulants and Composting Disintegrability of Recycled PLA Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13121925. [PMID: 34200571 PMCID: PMC8230047 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the present research is to study the effect of the incorporation of low amounts of silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNs) and yerba mate nanoparticles (YMNs) on the migration phenomenon into ethanolic food simulants as well as on the disintegrability under composting conditions of mechanically recycled polylactic acid (PLA). Recycled PLA was obtained under simulated recycling conditions by melt processing virgin PLA into films and further subjecting them to an accelerated aging process, which involved photochemical, thermal, and hydrothermal aging steps followed by an intense washing step. SFNs were extracted from Bombyx mori cocoons and YMNs from yerba mate waste. Then, recycled PLA was melted, reprocessed, and reinforced with either 1%wt. of SFNs or YMNs, by melt extrusion, and further processed into films by compression molding. The obtained nanocomposites were exposed to ethanolic food simulants (ethanol 10% v/v, simulant A and ethanol 50% v/v, simulant D1) and the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties were studied before and after the exposure to the food simulants. The migration levels in both food simulants were below the overall migration limits required for food contact materials. The materials were disintegrated under simulated composting conditions at the laboratory scale level and it was observed that the nanoparticles delayed the disintegration rate of the recycled PLA matrix, but nanocomposites were fully disintegrated in less than one month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddys R. Beltrán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S.I. Industriales, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (D.E.A.); (G.G.); (J.M.U.)
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marina P. Arrieta
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S.I. Industriales, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (D.E.A.); (G.G.); (J.M.U.)
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-910-677-301
| | - Diego Elena Antón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S.I. Industriales, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (D.E.A.); (G.G.); (J.M.U.)
| | - Antonio A. Lozano-Pérez
- Depertamento de Biotecnología, Genómica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150 Murcia, Spain; (A.A.L.-P.); (J.L.C.)
| | - José L. Cenis
- Depertamento de Biotecnología, Genómica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150 Murcia, Spain; (A.A.L.-P.); (J.L.C.)
| | - Gerald Gaspar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S.I. Industriales, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (D.E.A.); (G.G.); (J.M.U.)
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), Madrid, Spain;
| | - María U. de la Orden
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), Madrid, Spain;
- Deparamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Martínez Urreaga
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S.I. Industriales, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (D.E.A.); (G.G.); (J.M.U.)
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), Madrid, Spain;
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Balla E, Daniilidis V, Karlioti G, Kalamas T, Stefanidou M, Bikiaris ND, Vlachopoulos A, Koumentakou I, Bikiaris DN. Poly(lactic Acid): A Versatile Biobased Polymer for the Future with Multifunctional Properties-From Monomer Synthesis, Polymerization Techniques and Molecular Weight Increase to PLA Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1822. [PMID: 34072917 PMCID: PMC8198026 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental problems, such as global warming and plastic pollution have forced researchers to investigate alternatives for conventional plastics. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), one of the well-known eco-friendly biodegradables and biobased polyesters, has been studied extensively and is considered to be a promising substitute to petroleum-based polymers. This review gives an inclusive overview of the current research of lactic acid and lactide dimer techniques along with the production of PLA from its monomers. Melt polycondensation as well as ring opening polymerization techniques are discussed, and the effect of various catalysts and polymerization conditions is thoroughly presented. Reaction mechanisms are also reviewed. However, due to the competitive decomposition reactions, in the most cases low or medium molecular weight (MW) of PLA, not exceeding 20,000-50,000 g/mol, are prepared. For this reason, additional procedures such as solid state polycondensation (SSP) and chain extension (CE) reaching MW ranging from 80,000 up to 250,000 g/mol are extensively investigated here. Lastly, numerous practical applications of PLA in various fields of industry, technical challenges and limitations of PLA use as well as its future perspectives are also reported in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.B.); (V.D.); (G.K.); (T.K.); (M.S.); (N.D.B.); (A.V.); (I.K.)
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7
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Beltrán FR, Arrieta MP, Moreno E, Gaspar G, Muneta LM, Carrasco-Gallego R, Yáñez S, Hidalgo-Carvajal D, de la Orden MU, Martínez Urreaga J. Evaluation of the Technical Viability of Distributed Mechanical Recycling of PLA 3D Printing Wastes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1247. [PMID: 33921369 PMCID: PMC8069463 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
3D printing PLA wastes were recovered from a well-known reference grade and from different sources. The recovered wastes were subjected to an energic washing step and then reprocessed into films by melt-extrusion, followed by compression molding to simulate the industrial processing conditions. The obtained materials were characterized and the optical, structural, thermal and crystallization behavior are reported. The mechanical recycling process leads to an increase of the crystallinity and a decrease of the intrinsic viscosity of the formulations, particularly in the sample based on blends of different 3D-PLA wastes. Moreover, the obtained films were disintegrated under composting conditions in less than one month and it was observed that recycled materials degrade somewhat faster than the starting 3D-PLA filament, as a consequence of the presence of shorter polymer chains. Finally, to increase the molecular weight of the recycled materials, the 3D-PLA wastes were submitted to a solid-state polymerization process at 110, 120, and 130 °C, observing that the recycled 3D-wastes materials based on a well-known reference grade experiences an improvement of the intrinsic viscosity, while that coming from different sources showed no significant changes. Thus, the results show that 3D printing PLA products provides an ideal environment for the implementation of distributed recycling program, in which wastes coming from well-known PLA grades can successfully be processed in films with good overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddys R. Beltrán
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (E.M.); (G.G.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.-G.); (S.Y.); (D.H.-C.); (J.M.U.)
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28012 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marina P. Arrieta
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (E.M.); (G.G.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.-G.); (S.Y.); (D.H.-C.); (J.M.U.)
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28012 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Eduardo Moreno
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (E.M.); (G.G.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.-G.); (S.Y.); (D.H.-C.); (J.M.U.)
| | - Gerald Gaspar
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (E.M.); (G.G.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.-G.); (S.Y.); (D.H.-C.); (J.M.U.)
| | - Luisa M. Muneta
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (E.M.); (G.G.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.-G.); (S.Y.); (D.H.-C.); (J.M.U.)
| | - Ruth Carrasco-Gallego
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (E.M.); (G.G.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.-G.); (S.Y.); (D.H.-C.); (J.M.U.)
| | - Susana Yáñez
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (E.M.); (G.G.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.-G.); (S.Y.); (D.H.-C.); (J.M.U.)
| | - David Hidalgo-Carvajal
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (E.M.); (G.G.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.-G.); (S.Y.); (D.H.-C.); (J.M.U.)
| | - María U. de la Orden
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28012 Madrid, Spain;
- Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Martínez Urreaga
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.B.); (E.M.); (G.G.); (L.M.M.); (R.C.-G.); (S.Y.); (D.H.-C.); (J.M.U.)
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28012 Madrid, Spain;
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Papadopoulos L, Xanthopoulou E, Nikolaidis GN, Zamboulis A, Achilias DS, Papageorgiou GZ, Bikiaris DN. Towards High Molecular Weight Furan-Based Polyesters: Solid State Polymerization Study of Bio-Based Poly(Propylene Furanoate) and Poly(Butylene Furanoate). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4880. [PMID: 33143165 PMCID: PMC7663070 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the era of polymers from renewable resources, polyesters derived from 2,5 furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) have received increasing attention due to their outstanding features. To commercialize them, it is necessary to synthesize high molecular weight polymers through efficient and simple methods. In this study, two furan-based polyesters, namely poly (propylene furanoate) (PPF) and poly(butylene furanoate) (PBF), were synthesized with the conventional two-step melt polycondensation, followed by solid-state polycondensation (SSP) conducted at different temperatures and reaction times. Molecular weight, structure and thermal properties were measured for all resultant polyesters. As expected, increasing SSP time and temperature results in polymers with increased intrinsic viscosity (IV), increased molecular weight and reduced carboxyl end-group content. Finally, those results were used to generate a simple mathematical model that prognosticates the time evolution of the materials' IV and end groups concentration during SSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaros Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.P.); (A.Z.); (D.S.A.)
| | - Eleftheria Xanthopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.X.); (G.N.N.); (G.Z.P.)
| | - George N. Nikolaidis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.X.); (G.N.N.); (G.Z.P.)
| | - Alexandra Zamboulis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.P.); (A.Z.); (D.S.A.)
| | - Dimitris S. Achilias
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.P.); (A.Z.); (D.S.A.)
| | - George Z. Papageorgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.X.); (G.N.N.); (G.Z.P.)
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.P.); (A.Z.); (D.S.A.)
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Chronaki K, Korres DM, Papaspyrides CD, Vouyiouka S. Poly(lactic acid) microcapsules: Tailoring properties via solid state polymerization. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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10
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Beltrán FR, Arrieta MP, Gaspar G, de la Orden MU, Martínez Urreaga J. Effect of Iignocellulosic Nanoparticles Extracted from Yerba Mate ( Ilex paraguariensis) on the Structural, Thermal, Optical and Barrier Properties of Mechanically Recycled Poly(lactic acid). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081690. [PMID: 32751154 PMCID: PMC7463788 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, yerba mate nanoparticles (YMNs) were extracted from Ilex paraguairiencis yerba mate wastes and further used to improve the overall performance of mechanically recycled PLA (PLAR). Recycled PLA was obtained by melt reprocessing PLA subjected to an accelerated ageing process, which involved photochemical, thermal and hydrothermal ageing steps, as well as a final demanding washing step. YMNs (1 and 3 wt. %) were added to the PLAR during the melt reprocessing step and further processed into films. The main goal of the development of PLAR-YMNs bionanocomposites was to increase the barrier properties of recycled PLA, while showing good overall performance for food packaging applications. Thus, optical, structural, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties were evaluated. The incorporation of YMNs led to transparent greenish PLAR-based films with an effective blockage of harmful UV radiation. From the backbone FTIR stretching region (bands at 955 and 920 cm−1), it seems that YMNs favor the formation of crystalline domains acting as nucleating agents for PLAR. The morphological investigations revealed the good dispersion of YMNs in PLAR when they are used in the lowest amount of 1 wt. %, leading to bionanocomposites with improved mechanical performance. Although the addition of high hydrophilic YMNs increased the water vapor transmission, the addition of 1 wt. % of YMNs enhanced the oxygen barrier performance of the produced bionanocomposite films. These results show that the synergistic revalorization of post-consumer PLA and nanoparticles obtained from agri-food waste is a potential way for the production of promising packaging materials that meet with the principles of the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddys R. Beltrán
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química Industrial y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S.I. Industriales, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.); (J.M.U.)
- Grupo de Investigación: Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (F.R.B.); (M.P.A.)
| | - Marina P. Arrieta
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química Industrial y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S.I. Industriales, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.); (J.M.U.)
- Grupo de Investigación: Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (F.R.B.); (M.P.A.)
| | - Gerald Gaspar
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química Industrial y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S.I. Industriales, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.); (J.M.U.)
| | - María U. de la Orden
- Grupo de Investigación: Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Dpto. Química Orgánica, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Martínez Urreaga
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química Industrial y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S.I. Industriales, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.); (J.M.U.)
- Grupo de Investigación: Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
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11
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Correa-Pacheco ZN, Black-Solís JD, Ortega-Gudiño P, Sabino-Gutiérrez MA, Benítez-Jiménez JJ, Barajas-Cervantes A, Bautista-Baños S, Hurtado-Colmenares LB. Preparation and Characterization of Bio-Based PLA/PBAT and Cinnamon Essential Oil Polymer Fibers and Life-Cycle Assessment from Hydrolytic Degradation. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 12:E38. [PMID: 31881746 PMCID: PMC7023530 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the need to reduce the dependence on fuel products and to achieve a sustainable development is of special importance due to environmental concerns. Therefore, new alternatives must be sought. In this work, extruded fibers from poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) added with cinnamon essential oil (CEO) were prepared and characterized, and the hydrolytic degradation was assessed. A two-phase system was observed with spherical particles of PBAT embedded in the PLA matrix. The thermal analysis showed partial miscibility between PLA and PBAT. Mechanically, Young's modulus decreased and the elongation at break increased with the incorporation of PBAT and CEO into the blends. The variation in weight loss for the fibers was below 5% during the period of hydrolytic degradation studied with the most important changes at 37 °C and pH 8.50. From microscopy, the formation of cracks in the fiber surface was evidenced, especially for PLA fibers in alkaline medium at 37 °C. This study shows the importance of the variables that influence the performance of polyester-cinnamon essential oil-based fibers in agro-industrial applications for horticultural product preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zormy Nacary Correa-Pacheco
- CONACYT-Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, km 6, calle CEPROBI, No. 8, San Isidro, Yautepec, Morelos 62731, Mexico
| | - Jaime Daniel Black-Solís
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km. 6, calle CEPROBI No. 8, San Isidro, Yautepec, Morelos 62731, Mexico; (J.D.B.-S.); (S.B.-B.)
| | - Pedro Ortega-Gudiño
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán # 1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44430, Mexico; (P.O.-G.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Marcos Antonio Sabino-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química, Grupo B5IDA, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Apartado 89000, Caracas C. P. 1080-A, Venezuela; (M.A.S.-G.); (L.B.H.-C.)
| | - José Jesús Benítez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Alfonso Barajas-Cervantes
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán # 1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44430, Mexico; (P.O.-G.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Silvia Bautista-Baños
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km. 6, calle CEPROBI No. 8, San Isidro, Yautepec, Morelos 62731, Mexico; (J.D.B.-S.); (S.B.-B.)
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