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Ma X, Chen X, Wang X, Yang X, Yao Z, Yu H, Zhang Y. Enhancing flame retardancy and heat insulation performances of polyamide 66 composite film by adding CNC/Al 2O 3 nanohybrids. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134702. [PMID: 39214832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Polyamide 66 (PA66) has garnered significant attention due to its exceptional properties; unfortunately, its flammability is challenging. Adding flame retardants (FRs) is a primary approach to enhance PA66 flame retardancy. This study developed a highly flame-retardant PA66 composite film by adding corn-like functional nanohybrids (CNC/Al2O3). Interestingly, CNC/Al2O3 nanohybrids not only formed hydrogen bond interactions with PA66 but also improved crystallization properties as heterogeneous nucleating agents, resulting in the excellent mechanical properties of PA66 composite film. Remarkably, the incorporation of 3 wt% CNC/Al2O3 nanohybrids into PA66 matrix contributed to increasing the LOI to 28.5 %. The pHRR, THR, and TSR were reduced obviously by 55.7 %, 15.3 %, and 65.2 %, respectively. The excellent flame retardancy of PA66 composite film was attributed to the forming of a compact carbon layer catalyzed by the CNC/Al2O3 nanohybrids. Besides, the homogeneous distribution of CNC/Al2O3 nanohybrids endowed the composite film with excellent heat insulation, and the heat insulation rate was up to 31.9 %. Thus, such PA66 composite films with excellent flame retardancy, heat insulation, and mechanical properties could meet the broader application requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xuefei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | | | - Xiaohua Yang
- Zhejiang Carolina Textile Co. LTD, Quzhou 324299, China
| | | | - Houyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Duan Y, Yi P, Ding Y, Li B, Xiong Y, Guo S. Fast fabrication of a light‐scattering polycarbonate with high transmittance, high haze, and excellent flame‐retardant performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ping Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yitong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
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Dry-spun Polyimide Fibers with Excellent Thermal Stability, Intrinsic Flame Retardancy and Ultralow Smoke Release. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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On-Line Thermally Induced Evolved Gas Analysis: An Update-Part 1: EGA-MS. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113518. [PMID: 35684458 PMCID: PMC9182359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Advances in on-line thermally induced evolved gas analysis (OLTI-EGA) have been systematically reported by our group to update their applications in several different fields and to provide useful starting references. The importance of an accurate interpretation of the thermally-induced reaction mechanism which involves the formation of gaseous species is necessary to obtain the characterization of the evolved products. In this review, applications of Evolved Gas Analysis (EGA) performed by on-line coupling heating devices to mass spectrometry (EGA-MS), are reported. Reported references clearly demonstrate that the characterization of the nature of volatile products released by a substance subjected to a controlled temperature program allows us to prove a supposed reaction or composition, either under isothermal or under heating conditions. Selected 2019, 2020, and 2021 references are collected and briefly described in this review.
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Kulkarni S, Xia Z, Yu S, Kiratitanavit W, Morgan AB, Kumar J, Mosurkal R, Nagarajan R. Bio-Based Flame-Retardant Coatings Based on the Synergistic Combination of Tannic Acid and Phytic Acid for Nylon-Cotton Blends. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:61620-61628. [PMID: 34908405 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic polymeric fibers are used extensively in making fabrics for a variety of civilian and military applications. Due to the durability and comfort, nyco, a 50-50% blend of nylon 66 and cotton, is used as the material of choice in many applications including military uniforms. This fabric is flammable due to the presence of cotton and nylon but has good mechanical properties and is comfortable to wear. Here, we report a novel surface functionalization method that utilizes a synergistic combination of bio-based materials, tannic acid (TA) and phytic acid (PA), to impart flame-retardant (FR) properties to the nyco fabric. TA and PA were sequentially attached to nylon and cotton fibers through hydrogen bonding interactions and phosphorylation, respectively. The surface functionalization of the treated fabrics was confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis, microscale combustion calorimetry, cone calorimetry, and vertical flame testing were employed to study the effect of the functionalization on the thermal stability and flammability of the nyco fabric. Though reasonable durable functionalization is observed from elemental analysis, it is not enough to impart wash-durable FR treatment. These results indicate that flame retardancy is enabled through the enhanced char formation provided by the combination of TA and PA. The TA-PA system applied to nyco shows great promise as a bio-based FR system. This study for the first time also provides evidence for the selectivity of TA in imparting FR characteristics for nylon and PA in imparting FR properties for cotton. The combination of TA and PA provides promising FR characteristics to nyco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Kulkarni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- The HEROES Initiative, Center for Advanced Materials, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Zhiyu Xia
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- The HEROES Initiative, Center for Advanced Materials, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Shiran Yu
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- The HEROES Initiative, Center for Advanced Materials, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Weeradech Kiratitanavit
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Alexander B Morgan
- Center for Flame Retardant Materials Science, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469, United States
| | - Jayant Kumar
- Department of Physics & Applied Physics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- The HEROES Initiative, Center for Advanced Materials, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Ravi Mosurkal
- Protection Materials Division, U.S. Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, United States
- The HEROES Initiative, Center for Advanced Materials, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Ramaswamy Nagarajan
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- The HEROES Initiative, Center for Advanced Materials, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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