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Zhang J, Guo XY, Guan JP, Cheng XW, Chen G. In-situ polymerization of phosphorus/nitrogen flame-retardant coating for polyester/cotton blend fabrics with superior durability. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134458. [PMID: 39098693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The durable flame-retardant functional coating of polyester/cotton (T/C) blend fabrics is both interesting and challenging. In this study, a novel in-situ polymerization strategy for phosphorus/nitrogen-based flame-retardant on T/C blend samples was developed through the polycondensation of tetramethylolphosphonium sulfate, dicyandiamide, and anionic cyclic phosphate ester. The chemical structure of the polycondensation compounds, as well as the surface morphology, combustion behavior, flame-retardant capacity, washing durability and flame-retardant mechanism of the coated T/C blend fabrics, were investigated. The coated T/C blend fabrics demonstrated excellent self-extinguishing performance, with the damaged length decreasing to as low as 8.0 cm and the LOI reaching 28 %. Moreover, the peak heat release rate of the coated T/C blend fabrics decreased by 39.7 %. The superior flame retardancy can be attributed to the enhanced dehydration and carbonization by phosphate groups in the condensed phase, as well as the quenching effect and diluting effect in the gas phase. Additionally, the coated T/C blend fabrics exhibited remarkable washing durability and still achieved self-extinguishing after 65 washing cycles, and the in-situ deposition of insoluble three-dimensional polycondensation compounds onto the T/C blend fabrics was beneficial. The flame-retardant coating had a minor impact on the whiteness, tensile strength and breathability of the T/C blend fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flame Retardancy Finishing of Textile Materials (CNTAC), National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Flame Retardancy Finishing of Textile Materials (CNTAC), National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jin-Ping Guan
- Key Laboratory of Flame Retardancy Finishing of Textile Materials (CNTAC), National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xian-Wei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Flame Retardancy Finishing of Textile Materials (CNTAC), National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flame Retardancy Finishing of Textile Materials (CNTAC), National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
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2
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Ma DX, Yin GZ, Ye W, Jiang Y, Wang N, Wang DY. Exploiting Waste towards More Sustainable Flame-Retardant Solutions for Polymers: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2266. [PMID: 38793331 PMCID: PMC11123196 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The development of sustainable flame retardants is gaining momentum due to their enhanced safety attributes and environmental compatibility. One effective strategy is to use waste materials as a primary source of chemical components, which can help mitigate environmental issues associated with traditional flame retardants. This paper reviews recent research in flame retardancy for waste flame retardants, categorizing them based on waste types like industrial, food, and plant waste. The paper focuses on recent advancements in this area, focusing on their impact on the thermal stability, flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical properties of polymeric materials. The study also provides a summary of functionalization methodologies used and key factors involved in modifying polymer systems. Finally, their major challenges and prospects for the future are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Xin Ma
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Preparation of Special Functional Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (D.-X.M.); (Y.J.); (N.W.)
| | - Guang-Zhong Yin
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1.800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Wen Ye
- Sino-Spanish Joint Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200062, China;
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Functional FR Materials, Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200062, China
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yan Jiang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Preparation of Special Functional Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (D.-X.M.); (Y.J.); (N.W.)
- Shenyang Research Institute of Industrial Technology for Advanced Coating Materials, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Na Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Preparation of Special Functional Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (D.-X.M.); (Y.J.); (N.W.)
- Shenyang Research Institute of Industrial Technology for Advanced Coating Materials, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - De-Yi Wang
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1.800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Guo S, Wu K, Pan Z, Zhou H, Zhou C. Flame retardant, high mechanical strength, transparent and water-resistant epoxy composites modified with chitosan derivatives. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129580. [PMID: 38246442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Adding bio-based flame retardants to improve the flame retardancy of polymer materials without sacrificing other properties is a great challenge. Herein, a novel flame-retardant CS-DOPA was prepared from chitosan and 10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydro-9-oza-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide by acid-base neutralization reaction and fully characterized. The 4 wt% CS-DOPA modified EP showed good flame retardancy in both gaseous and condensed phase. The peak heat release rate, total smoke production, CO production, and smoke production rate of EP composites containing 4 wt% CS-DOPA were reduced by 55 %, 34 %, 45 %, and 46 %, respectively, to pass the UL-94 V-1 rating with a limiting oxygen index of 34.1 %. The CS-DOPA contributes to the formation of the condensed phase of the thermo-oxidation-resistant high-quality char layer with non-flammable other and phosphorus-containing free radicals released in the gas phase. In addition, EP/4CS-DOPA has good water resistance, mechanical properties, and transparency, with tensile and flexural strength improved by 12.7 % and 13.9 %, respectively, and still has high strength even after water treatment. The present work provides a green and facile strategy to use chitosan as a main raw material to manufacture EP materials with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenxiang Guo
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China; Hubei Branch of China National Geological Exploration Center of Building Materials Industry, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kunxiong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Zhiquan Pan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China.
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4
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Dou Y, Ju A, Zhong Z, Huo Y, Yao W. Flame-Retardant and Transparent Unsaturated Polyester Based on P/N Liquid Flame Retardants and Modified Halloysite Nanotubes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:761. [PMID: 38591628 PMCID: PMC10856195 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) with excellent flame retardant is mainly obtained by adding large amounts of flame retardants, usually at the expense of mechanical properties. In this work, a reactive flame retardant containing phosphorus and nitrogen (DOPO-N) was successfully synthesized and incorporated in UPR as a crosslinker. The mechanical and flame-retardant properties of UPR composites were enhanced. UPR/30DOPO-N passed a UL-94 V-1 rating with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 30.8%. The tensile strength of UPR/30DOPO-N increased by 24.4%. On this basis, a small amount of modified HNTs (VHNTs) was added to further improve the flame-retardant properties of the composite. With the introduction of 3 wt% VHNTs, the composite passed the UL-94 V-0 rating. The peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of it decreased by 60.7% and 48.3%, respectively. Moreover, the detailed flame-retarding mechanism of DOPO-N and VHNTs was investigated by thermogravimetric infrared spectroscopy (TG-IR), Raman spectra, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that DOPO-N played a role in quenching the flame in the gas phase and cooperated with VHNTs to enhance the barrier effect in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Weiguo Yao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Automotive Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; (Y.D.); (A.J.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.)
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5
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Li J, Zhang G, Zhang F. Phosphamide-Based Washing-Durable Flame Retardant for Cotton Fabrics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:630. [PMID: 38591487 PMCID: PMC10856145 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
A formaldehyde-free reactive flame retardant, an ammonium salt of triethylenetetramine phosphoryl dimethyl ester phosphamide phosphoric acid (ATPEPDPA), was synthesized and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy test (FT-IR), durability test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results suggested that ATPEPDPA was successfully grafted on cotton fabrics through a -N-P(=O)-O-C covalent bond. Moreover, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 20 wt% ATPEPDPA-treated cotton was 44.6%, which met stringent washing standard after 50 laundering cycles (LCs). The high washing resistance of the ATPEPDPA-treated cotton was due to the p-π conjugation between the N atom and the P(=O) group in the flame-retardant molecule, which strengthened the stability of the -N-P(=O)-O-C bonds between ATPEPDPA and cellulose, and the -N-P(=O)-(O-CH3)2 groups in the ATPEPDPA. The cone calorimetric test showed that the treated cotton had excellent flame retardance. In addition, the TG and TG-IR tests suggested that ATPEPDPA performed a condensed flame retardance mechanism. Furthermore, the physical properties and hand feel of the treated cotton were well maintained. These results suggested that introducing -N-P(=O)-(O-CH3)2 and -N-P(=O)-(ONH4)2 groups into ATPEPDPA could significantly increase the fire resistance and durability of cotton fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Li
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guangxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fengxiu Zhang
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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6
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Li D, Lin S, Hao J, He B, Zhang H, Chen M. A Rigid-Flexible and Multi-Siloxane Bridge Strategy for Toughening Epoxy Resin with Promising Flame Retardancy, Mechanical, and Dielectric Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14059. [PMID: 37762362 PMCID: PMC10531251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing highly efficient and multifunctional epoxy resins (EPs) that overcome the shortcomings of flammability and brittleness is crucial for pursuing sustainable and safe application but remains a huge challenge. In this paper, a novel biomass-containing intumescent flame retardant containing a rigid-flexible and multi-siloxane bridge structure (DPB) was synthesized using siloxane; 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO); and biomass vanillin. DPB could facilitate the formation of a carbon residual with an intumescent structure, which effectively blocked the propagation of heat and oxygen. As a result, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of DPB/EP-7.5 decreased by 38.8% and 45.0%, respectively. In terms of mechanical properties, the tensile and flexural elongations at break of DPB/EP-7.5 increased by 77.2% and 105.3%, respectively. Impressively, DPB/EP-7.5 had excellent dielectric properties, with a dielectric constant of 2.5-2.9. This was due to the Si-O bonds (multi-siloxane bridges) contained in DPB/EP, which can quench the polarization behavior of the hydroxyl group. This paper provides a facile strategy for the preparation of multifunctional EP, which will pave the way for the promotion and application of EP in the high-end field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mingfeng Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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7
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Shao M, Shi Y, Liu J, Xue B, Niu M. Cooperative Effect of Ni-Decorated Monolayer WS 2, NiO, and AC on Improving the Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Property of Polypropylene Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2791. [PMID: 37447438 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the residual char of polypropylene (PP) is difficult due to the preferential complete combustion. Here, we designed a combination catalyst that not only provides physical barrier effects, but also dramatically promotes catalytic charring activity. We successfully synthesized WS2 monolayer sheets decorated with isolated Ni atoms that bond covalently to sulfur vacancies on the basal planes via thiourea. Subsequently, PP blends composed of 8 wt.% Ni-decorated WS2, NiO, and activated carbon (AC) were obtained (ENi-SWS2-AC-PP). Combining the physical barrier effects of WS2 monolayer sheets with the excellent catalytic carbonization ability of the ENi-SWS2-AC combination catalyst, the PP blends showed a remarkable improvement in flame retardancy, with the yield of residual char reaching as high as 41.6 wt.%. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations, it was revealed that the microstructure of residual char contained a large number of carbon nanotubes. The production of a large amount of residual char not only reduced the release of pyrolytic products, but also formed a thermal shield preventing oxygen and heat transport. Compared to pure PP, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release rate (THR) of ENi-SWS2-AC-PP were reduced by 46.32% and 26.03%, respectively. Furthermore, benefiting from the highly dispersed WS2, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of ENi-SWS2-AC-PP showed similar values to pure PP, without sacrificing the toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Shao
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yiran Shi
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jiangtao Liu
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Baoxia Xue
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Mei Niu
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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8
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Shao M, Li Y, Shi Y, Liu J, Xue B, Niu M. Synergistic Effect of Activated Carbon, NiO and Al 2O 3 on Improving the Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Polypropylene Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092135. [PMID: 37177281 PMCID: PMC10180888 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to enhance the char yields of polypropylene (PP) due to the preferential complete combustion. Successful formation of abundant char layer structure of PP upon flammability was obtained due to the synergistic effect of NiO, Al2O3 and activated carbon (AC). From characterization of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it was revealed that the microstructure of residual char contained large amount of carbon nanotubes. Compared to the modification of AC, NiO and Al2O3 alone, the combination of AC, NiO and Al2O3 dramatically promotes the charring ability of PP. In the case of AC and NiO, NiO plays a role of dehydrogenation, resulting in the degradation product, while AC mainly acts as carbonization promoter. The addition of Al2O3 results in higher dispersion and smaller particle size of NiO, leading to greater exposure of active sites of NiO and higher dehydrogenation and carbonization activity. Compared to the neat PP, the decomposition temperature of the PP modified by combined AC, NiO and Al2O3 was increased by 90 ℃. The yield of residual char of AC-5Ni-Al-PP reached as high as 44.6%. From the cone calorimeter test, the heat release rate per unit area (HRR) and total heat release per unit area (THR) of PP composite follows the order AC-5Ni-Al-PP < AC-10Ni-Al-PP < AC-Ni-PP < AC-15Ni-Al-PP < AC-1Ni-Al-PP. Compared to the neat PP, the peak of HRR declined by 73.8%, 72.7%, 71.3%, 67.6% and 62.5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Shao
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yiran Shi
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China
| | - Jiangtao Liu
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China
| | - Baoxia Xue
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China
| | - Mei Niu
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China
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Li Z, Qin Z, Li C, Zhang G, Zhang A, Li S, Liang G, Wang X, Tang W. Fabrication of NiO and TiO2 supported nano calcium carbonate and its effect on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of epoxy resin composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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10
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Hua Y, Chen J, Liu J, Sun J, Gu X, Jiang S, Zhang S. Fabrication of a transparent, flame retardant, and antimicrobial epoxy resin by a novel phosphorus-containing Schiff base molecule. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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11
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Sanchez Olivares G, Battig A, Goller SM, Rockel D, González VR, Schartel B. Imparting Fire Retardancy and Smoke Suppression to Leather during Tanning Processes. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:44156-44169. [PMID: 36506217 PMCID: PMC9730748 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Leather is considered a luxury good when used in seating and upholstery. To improve safety, flame retardancy in leather is usually achieved through various finishing processes such as spray or roller coating. These treatments require processing steps that cost time and are labor-intensive. One avenue to achieving flame retardancy in leather is to add flame retardants during the tanning process. However, the influence on flame retardancy exerted by specific intumescent additives specifically added during leather tanning has yet to be investigated. This work explores the roles played by intumescent additive compounds in flame retarding leather when they are added during tanning instead of applied as a coating. Via a systematic investigation of various compound mixtures, the flame retardant effects in the condensed and the gas phases are elucidated. The results show a strong impact of melamine in the gas phase and of polyphosphates in the condensed phase. Their impact was quantified in fire and smoke analysis, showing a 14% reduction in the peak of heat release rate, strongly reduced burning lengths, and a 20% reduction in total smoke release compared to nontreated leather. These results illuminate the key role played by specific compounds in the flame retardancy of leather, particularly when they are added specifically during the tanning process instead of being applied as a coating. This method has great potential to reduce processing steps, lower costs, and improve material safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Battig
- Bundesanstalt
für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian M. Goller
- Bundesanstalt
für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Rockel
- Bundesanstalt
für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Schartel
- Bundesanstalt
für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205Berlin, Germany
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12
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Liu Y, Tang Z, Zhu J. Synergistic flame retardant effect of aluminum hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate on epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Zhaobin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
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13
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Yang T, Gao Y, Liu X, Wang X, Ma B, He Y. Flame‐retardant polyamide 56 with high fire safety and good thermal performance. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Yuanbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Xiucai Liu
- Cathay Biotechnology Incorporation Shanghai China
| | - Xueli Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Bomou Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
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14
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Zhou C, Wang X, Wang J, Pan Z, Zhou H. Epoxy resin modified with chitosan derivatives and DOPO: Improved flame retardancy, mechanical properties and transparency. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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