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Concentration Dependent Single Chain Properties of Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) Subjected to Aromatic Interactions with Chlorpheniramine Maleate Studied by Diafiltration and Synchrotron-SAXS. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203563. [PMID: 34685324 PMCID: PMC8538281 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyelectrolyte poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) undergoes aromatic–aromatic interaction with the drug chlorpheniramine, which acts as an aromatic counterion. In this work, we show that an increase in the concentration in the dilute and semidilute regimes of a complex polyelectrolyte/drug 2:1 produces the increasing confinement of the drug in hydrophobic domains, with implications in single chain thermodynamic behavior. Diafiltration analysis at polymer concentrations between 0.5 and 2.5 mM show an increase in the fraction of the aromatic counterion irreversibly bound to the polyelectrolyte, as well as a decrease in the electrostatic reversible interaction forces with the remaining fraction of drug molecules as the total concentration of the system increases. Synchrotron-SAXS results performed in the semidilute regimes show a fractal chain conformation pattern with a fractal dimension of 1.7, similar to uncharged polymers. Interestingly, static and fractal correlation lengths increase with increasing complex concentration, due to the increase in the amount of the confined drug. Nanoprecipitates are found in the range of 30–40 mM, and macroprecipitates are found at a higher system concentration. A model of molecular complexation between the two species is proposed as the total concentration increases, which involves ion pair formation and aggregation, producing increasingly confined aromatic counterions in hydrophobic domains, as well as a decreasing number of charged polymer segments at the hydrophobic/hydrophilic interphase. All of these features are of pivotal importance to the general knowledge of polyelectrolytes, with implications both in fundamental knowledge and potential technological applications considering aromatic-aromatic binding between aromatic polyelectrolytes and aromatic counterions, such as in the production of pharmaceutical formulations.
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Flores ME, Ancalaf D, Rolleri A, Nishide H, Lisoni JG, Moreno‐Villoslada I. Porous polyelectrolyte materials with controlled luminescence properties based on aromatic‐aromatic interactions with rhodamine B. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario E. Flores
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Daniel Ancalaf
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Aldo Rolleri
- Instituto de Bosques y Sociedad, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University Tokyo Japan
| | - Judit G. Lisoni
- NM MultiMat, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
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Pardakhty A, Ranjbar M, Yahyapour M. Eco-friendly synthesis of the Li/Al in nonionic surfactant-based vesicles (niosomes) modified with graphene oxide quantum dot nanostructures for controlled released of chlorpheniramine maleate. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:1638-1647. [PMID: 34142436 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was the preparation of Li/Al nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) for the controlled release of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPAM). The role of lemon and egg white extracts as oxidation agents were investigated for the morphology and particle size of the products. GOQDs were synthesized using green, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective precursors. This work demonstrates that Li/Al NPs functionalized with graphene oxide as a nanolayer structure can be used as efficient nanocarriers for loading and delivery of CPAM as water-insoluble aromatic drugs The final products were identified with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy nitrogen adsorption [i.e. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis] techniques. The calibration curve for Li/Al nanoparticles functionalized with GOQDs for controlled released of CPAM was calculated as y = 0.0137x + 0.0103 with R2 = 0.9995. The data found through BET and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda analysis using the adsorption/desorption isotherm method demonstrated by total pore volumes and dead volume were calculated respectively as 0.162 nm2 , 0.0439 cm3 g-1 . The mean pore diameter was calculated as 20.33 nm using BET isotherm data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Pardakhty
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ranjbar
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moghadeseh Yahyapour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Villamizar-Sarmiento MG, Guerrero J, Moreno-Villoslada I, Oyarzun-Ampuero FA. The key role of the drug self-aggregation ability to obtain optimal nanocarriers based on aromatic-aromatic drug-polymer interactions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 166:19-29. [PMID: 34052430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The efficient association and controlled release of hydrophilic and aromatic low molecular-weight drugs (HALMD) still remains a challenge due to their relatively weak interactions with excipients and strong affinity to water. Considering that a wide variety of drugs to treat chronic diseases are HALMD, their inclusion in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) constitutes an attractive possibility by providing to these drugs with controllable physiochemical properties, preventing crisis episodes, decreasing dose-dependent side effects and promoting therapeutic adhesiveness. However, the strong interaction of HALMD with the aqueous medium jeopardizes their encapsulation and controlled release. In this work, the role of the self-assembly tendency of HALMD on their association with the aromatic excipient poly(sodium 4-styrensulfonate) (PSS) to form NPs is studied. For this aim, the widely used drugs amitriptyline (AMT), promethazine (PMZ), and chlorpheniramine (CPM) are selected due to their well described critical aggregation concentration (cac) (36 mM for AMT, 36 mM for PMZ, and 69.5 mM for CPM). These drugs undergo aromatic-aromatic interactions with the polymer, which stabilize their mutual binding, as seen by NMR. The simple mixing of solutions of opposite charged molecules (drug + PSS) allowed obtaining NPs. Importantly, comparing the three drugs, the formation of NPs occurred at significantly lower absolute concentration and significantly lower drug/polymer ratio as the cac takes lower values, indicating a stronger binding to the polymer, as also deduced from the respective drug/polymer dissociation constant values. In addition, the number of formed NPs is similar for all formulations, even though a much lower concentration of the drug and polymer is present in systems comprising lower cac. The obtained NPs are spheroidal and present size between 100 and 160 nm, low polydispersity (≤0.3) and negative zeta potential (from -30 to -60 mV). The association efficiency reaches values ≥ 83% and drug loading could achieve values up to 68% (never evidenced before for systems comprising HALMD). In addition, drug release studies are also significantly influenced by cac, providing more prolonged release for AMT and PMZ (lower cac), whose delivery profiles adjust to the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation. As a novelty of this work, a synergic contribution of drug self-association tendency and aromatic-aromatic interaction between the drug and polymers is highlighted, a fact that could be crucial for the rational design and development of efficient drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Villamizar-Sarmiento
- Department of Sciences and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380494, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380494, Chile.
| | - Juan Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación central, 9170002 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia 5110033, Chile.
| | - Felipe A Oyarzun-Ampuero
- Department of Sciences and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380494, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380494, Chile; Center of New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Investigation the effect of sodium carboxymethylcellulose as polycounterion on cetirizine hydrochloride–sodium dodecyl sulphate mixed micelle. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Razo-Lazcano TA, González-Muñoz P, Stambouli M, Pareau D, Reyes-Aguilera JA, Avila-Rodriguez M. Distribution modeling of diazepam and chlorpheniramine between aqueous and non-polar phases in the presence of soy lecithin. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Villamizar-Sarmiento MG, Molina-Soto EF, Guerrero J, Shibue T, Nishide H, Moreno-Villoslada I, Oyarzun-Ampuero FA. A New Methodology to Create Polymeric Nanocarriers Containing Hydrophilic Low Molecular-Weight Drugs: A Green Strategy Providing a Very High Drug Loading. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2892-2901. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Villamizar-Sarmiento
- Department of Sciences and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380494, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia 5110033, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Elton F. Molina-Soto
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia 5110033, Chile
| | - Juan Guerrero
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40 Santiago 9170124, Chile
| | - Toshimichi Shibue
- Materials Characterization Central Laboratory; School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 165-8555, Japan
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia 5110033, Chile
| | - Felipe A. Oyarzun-Ampuero
- Department of Sciences and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380494, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380494, Chile
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8
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A simple and green methodology to assemble poly(4-vinylpyridine) and a sulfonated azo-dye for obtaining stable polymeric nanoparticles. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Srivastava A, Qiao W, Ismail K. Physicochemical Interactions of Chlorpheniramine Maleate with Sodium Deoxycholate in Aqueous Solution. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Srivastava
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Weihong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Kochi Ismail
- Department of Chemistry; North-Eastern Hill University; Shillong 793022 India
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10
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Hydrophilic functional copolymers of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole with vinylsulfonic acid sodium salt. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-017-2017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Razo-Lazcano TA, del Pilar González-Muñoz M, Stambouli M, Pareau D, Hernández-Perales L, Avila-Rodriguez M. Chlorpheniramine recovery from aqueous solutions by emulsion liquid membranes using soy lecithin as carrier. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Barooah N, Khurana R, Bhasikuttan AC, Mohanty J. Stimuli-responsive Supra-biomolecular Nanoassemblies of Cucurbit[7]uril with Bovine Serum Albumin: Drug Delivery and Sensor Applications. Isr J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilotpal Barooah
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400 085 India
| | - Raman Khurana
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400 085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute; Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar; Mumbai 400 094 India
| | - Achikanath C. Bhasikuttan
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400 085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute; Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar; Mumbai 400 094 India
| | - Jyotirmayee Mohanty
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400 085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute; Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar; Mumbai 400 094 India
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13
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Interaction and binding efficiency of cationic drug chlorpheniramine maleate – anionic amino acid gemini surfactants mixture as media for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Daryakenary MA, Zeeb M. Trace determination of chlorpheniramine in human plasma using magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction based on a graphene oxide/Fe3O4@polythionine nanocomposite combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09707g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide/Fe3O4@polythionine (GO/Fe3O4@PTh) nanocomposite was fabricated for magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolent detection (HPLC) of chlorpheniramine in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ahmadi Daryakenary
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Mohsen Zeeb
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch
- Tehran
- Iran
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15
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Flores ME, Garcés-Jerez P, Fernández D, Aros-Perez G, González-Cabrera D, Álvarez E, Cañas I, Oyarzun-Ampuero F, Moreno-Villoslada I. Facile Formation of Redox-Active Totally Organic Nanoparticles in Water by In Situ Reduction of Organic Precursors Stabilized through Aromatic-Aromatic Interactions by Aromatic Polyelectrolytes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:1729-1734. [PMID: 27616076 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The formation of redox-active, totally organic nanoparticles in water is achieved following a strategy similar to that used to form metal nanoparticles. It is based on two fundamental concepts: i) complexation through aromatic-aromatic interactions of a water-soluble precursor aromatic molecule with polyelectrolytes bearing complementary charged aromatic rings, and ii) reduction of the precursor molecule to achieve stabilized nanoparticles. Thus, formazan nanoparticles are synthesized by reduction of a tetrazolium salt with ascorbic acid using polyelectrolytes bearing benzene sulfonate residues of high linear aromatic density, but cannot be formed in the presence of nonaromatic polyelectrolytes. The red colored nanoparticles are efficiently encapsulated in calcium alginate beads, showing macroscopic homogeneity. Bleaching kinetics with chlorine show linear rates on the order of tenths of milli-meters per minute. A linear behavior of the dependence of the rate of bleaching on the chlorine concentration is found, showing the potential of the nanoparticles for chlorine sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario E Flores
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Las Encinas 220, Valdivia, 5110033, Chile
| | - Pablo Garcés-Jerez
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Las Encinas 220, Valdivia, 5110033, Chile
| | - Daniel Fernández
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Las Encinas 220, Valdivia, 5110033, Chile
| | - Gustavo Aros-Perez
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Las Encinas 220, Valdivia, 5110033, Chile
| | - Diego González-Cabrera
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Las Encinas 220, Valdivia, 5110033, Chile
| | - Eduardo Álvarez
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Las Encinas 220, Valdivia, 5110033, Chile
| | - Ignacio Cañas
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Las Encinas 220, Valdivia, 5110033, Chile
| | - Felipe Oyarzun-Ampuero
- Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmaceútica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Santiago, 8380494, Chile
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Las Encinas 220, Valdivia, 5110033, Chile.
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16
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Sanhueza L, Castro J, Urzúa E, Barrientos L, Oyarzun-Ampuero F, Pesenti H, Shibue T, Sugimura N, Tomita W, Nishide H, Moreno-Villoslada I. Photochromic Solid Materials Based on Poly(decylviologen) Complexed with Alginate and Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:13208-17. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b05963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lorena Barrientos
- Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Avenida José Pedro Alessandri
774, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Center
for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CEDENNA, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Oyarzun-Ampuero
- Department
of Science and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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17
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Fuenzalida JP, Flores ME, Móniz I, Feijoo M, Goycoolea F, Nishide H, Moreno-Villoslada I. Immobilization of hydrophilic low molecular-weight molecules in nanoparticles of chitosan/poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) assisted by aromatic-aromatic interactions. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:9782-91. [PMID: 25054833 DOI: 10.1021/jp5037553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The immobilization of the hydrophilic low molecular-weight cationic molecules rhodamine 6G, methylene blue, and citidine in nanoparticles composed of two opposite charged polyelectrolytes, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) and chitosan, is studied, and the results correlated with their physicochemical properties. Nanoparticles containing both polyelectrolytes have been synthesized showing hydrodynamic diameters of around 200 nm and tunable zeta potential. It was found that the strength of binding of the cationic molecules to the polyanion bearing charged aromatic groups poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) by means of short-range aromatic-aromatic interactions increases with their hydrophobicity and polarizability, as seen by (1)H NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies, and diafiltration. Consequently, association efficiencies of 45, 21, and 12% have been found for the three molecules, respectively, revealing the different ability of the molecules to be immobilized in the nanoparticles. These results provide a proof of concept on a new strategy of immobilization of hydrophilic low molecular-weight molecules based on aromatic-aromatic interactions between polyelectrolytes and their aromatic counterions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Fuenzalida
- IBBP, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Schlossgarten 3, 48149 - Münster, Germany
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18
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Araya-Hermosilla R, Araya-Hermosilla E, Torres-Gallegos C, Alarcón-Alarcón C, Moreno-Villoslada I. Sensing Cu2+ by controlling the aggregation properties of the fluorescent dye rhodamine 6G with the aid of polyelectrolytes bearing different linear aromatic density. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Castriciano MA, Samperi M, Camiolo S, Romeo A, Monsù Scolaro L. Unusual Stepwise Protonation and J-Aggregation ofmeso-Tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphine on Binding Poly(sodium vinylsulfonate). Chemistry 2013; 19:12161-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Cholorpheniramine tannate complexes: Physicochemical, chemometric, and taste masking evaluation. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:582-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Lv G, Liu L, Li Z, Liao L, Liu M. Probing the interactions between chlorpheniramine and 2:1 phyllosilicates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 374:218-25. [PMID: 22341311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between chlorpheniramine (CP), an antihistamine drug used to treat allergy, and 2:1 phyllosilicates were studied under batch kinetic and different solution conditions to investigate the effect of charge density of the substrates on CP removal from solution. The CP removal by Na-montmorillonite was instantaneous, with a very large rate constant and a fast rate, reaching a capacity of 0.64 mmol/g, compared to its cation exchange capacity of 0.85 mmol(c)/g. In contrast, CP removal by talc was 10 times lower at 0.06 mmol/g. Stoichiometric desorption of exchangeable cations accompanying CP removal by Na-montmorillonite confirmed cation exchange as the dominant interaction mechanism. Solution pH had a minimal effect on CP removal by Na-montmorillonite until pH 11. On the contrary, a slight increase in CP removal by talc was observed as the solution pH increased, due to increased negative charges on the pH-dependent surfaces of talc. Interactions between CP and Na-montmorillonite occurred on both external and interlayer sites, resulting in a d-spacing expansion from 12.5 Å to 15.2 Å. In contrast, interactions between CP and talc were only limited to the external surfaces. It was the charge density that ultimately controlled the amount of CP removal by 2:1 phyllosilicates. Thus, montmorillonite offers a superior option for the removal of cationic drugs from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocheng Lv
- School of Material Sciences and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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22
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Li Z, Chang PH, Jean JS, Jiang WT, Hong H. Mechanism of chlorpheniramine adsorption on Ca-montmorillonite. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Okayasu T, Hibino T, Nishide H. Free Radical Polymerization Kinetics of Vinylsulfonic Acid and Highly Acidic Properties of its Polymer. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Moreno-Villoslada I, Fuenzalida JP, Tripailaf G, Araya-Hermosilla R, Pizarro GDC, Marambio OG, Nishide H. Comparative study of the self-aggregation of rhodamine 6G in the presence of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), poly(N-phenylmaleimide-co-acrylic acid), poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid), and poly(sodium acrylate). J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:11983-92. [PMID: 20806945 DOI: 10.1021/jp104340k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between rhodamine 6G and different polyelectrolytes is analyzed. Structural aspects differentiate these polyelectrolytes, such as the presence of aromatic groups and the number and localization of their respective charges, which may be directly attached to the aromatic groups or to the polymeric main chain. In the case of poly(sodium acrylate), which does not bear aromatic groups, the polyelectrolyte induces cooperative self-stacking between the dyes which is highly sensitive to the ionic strength, due to the predominance of long-range electrostatic interactions between the polymer and the dye. In the case of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), whose charge is directly attached to the aromatic groups, a high dispersant ability of the dyes is found and the interaction is less dependent on the ionic strength, due to the predominance of short-range aromatic-aromatic interactions between the dye and the polymer. Among the two polyelectrolytes studied for which the polymeric charge is directly attached to the main chain, and separated from the aromatic group, poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) shows a lower dependence of the interaction on the ionic strength than poly(N-phenylmaleimide-co-acrylic acid) at a comonomer composition of 1:2, due to a higher linear aromatic density and a lower linear charge density, indicating the importance of hydrophobic forces. Both copolymers exhibit a high ability to induce cooperative self-aggregation of the dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.
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Mori H, Kudo E, Saito Y, Onuma A, Morishima M. RAFT Polymerization of Vinyl Sulfonate Esters for the Controlled Synthesis of Poly(lithium vinyl sulfonate) and Sulfonated Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100905w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideharu Mori
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kudo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yousuke Saito
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Onuma
- Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., 7-1-1 Omika, Hitachi 319-1292, Japan
| | - Makoto Morishima
- Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., 7-1-1 Omika, Hitachi 319-1292, Japan
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Moreno-Villoslada I, Flores ME, Marambio OG, Pizarro GDC, Nishide H. Polyaromatic-Anion Behavior of Different Polyelectrolytes Containing Benzenecarboxylate Units. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:7753-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp101684w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile; Departamento de Química, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago de Chile, Chile; and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Mario E. Flores
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile; Departamento de Química, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago de Chile, Chile; and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Oscar G. Marambio
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile; Departamento de Química, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago de Chile, Chile; and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Guadalupe del C. Pizarro
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile; Departamento de Química, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago de Chile, Chile; and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile; Departamento de Química, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago de Chile, Chile; and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Moreno-Villoslada I, Torres-Gallegos C, Araya-Hermosilla R, Nishide H. Influence of the Linear Aromatic Density on Methylene Blue Aggregation around Polyanions Containing Sulfonate Groups. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:4151-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909105r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile, and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - César Torres-Gallegos
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile, and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Rodrigo Araya-Hermosilla
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile, and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile, and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Moreno-Villoslada I, Murakami T, Nishide H. Comment on “J- and H-Aggregates of 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis-(4−sulfonatophenyl)-porphyrin and Interconversion in PEG-b-P4VP Micelles”. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:3341-2; discussion 3343-4. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900922b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile FAX: 56-63-293520 Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takaya Murakami
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile FAX: 56-63-293520 Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile FAX: 56-63-293520 Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Moreno-Villoslada I, Torres C, González F, Shibue T, Nishide H. Binding of Methylene Blue to Polyelectrolytes Containing Sulfonate Groups. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Akkaramongkolporn P, Ngawhirunpat T, Opanasopit P. Preparation and evaluation of differently sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene cross-linked copolymer cationic exchange resins as novel carriers for drug delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:641-8. [PMID: 19452281 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The differently sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene cross-linked copolymer cationic exchange resins were prepared by oil-in-water polymerization and varied degrees of sulfonation. Several characteristics of the obtained resins were evaluated, i.e., Fourier transform infrared spectra, the ion-exchange capacity, microscopic morphology, size, and swelling. The resin characteristics were altered in relation to the degree of sulfonation, proving that differently sulfonated resins could be prepared. The behavior of chlorpheniramine (CPM) loading and in vitro release in the USP simulated gastric (SGF) and intestinal fluids (SIF) of the obtained resins were also evaluated. The CPM loaded in the resinates (drug-loaded resins) increased with the increasing degree of sulfonic group and hence the drug binding site in the employed resins. The CPM release was lower from the resins with the higher degree of sulfonic group due to the increase in the diffusive path depth. The CPM release was obviously lower in SGF than SIF because CPM, a weak base drug, ionized to a greater extent in SGF and then preferred binding with rather than releasing from the resins. In conclusion, the differently sulfonated resins could be utilized as novel carriers for drug delivery.
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Moreno-Villoslada I, Torres C, González F, Soto M, Nishide H. Stacking of 2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium Chloride onto Polyelectrolytes Containing 4-Styrenesulfonate Groups. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:11244-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp802668q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile;, Departamento de Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain;, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Cristian Torres
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile;, Departamento de Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain;, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Felipe González
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile;, Departamento de Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain;, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Marcos Soto
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile;, Departamento de Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain;, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile;, Departamento de Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain;, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Shaikh M, Mohanty J, Bhasikuttan AC, Uzunova VD, Nau WM, Pal H. Salt-induced guest relocation from a macrocyclic cavity into a biomolecular pocket: interplay between cucurbit[7]uril and albumin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:3681-3. [PMID: 18665298 DOI: 10.1039/b804381g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The binding affinity of Neutral Red with cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) can be fine-tuned by addition and competitive binding of metal ions, which leads also to a pK(a) shift of the dye; this can be exploited to relocate the dye from the macrocyclic cavity of CB7 to the biomolecular pocket of bovine serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhejabeen Shaikh
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India
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Moreno-Villoslada I, Soto M, González F, Montero-Silva F, Hess S, Takemura I, Oyaizu K, Nishide H. Reduction of 2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium Chloride in the Presence of Polyelectrolytes Containing 4-Styrenesulfonate Moieties. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:5350-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jp712093v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile, Departamento de Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Marcos Soto
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile, Departamento de Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Felipe González
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile, Departamento de Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Francisco Montero-Silva
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile, Departamento de Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Susan Hess
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile, Departamento de Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takemura
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile, Departamento de Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kenichi Oyaizu
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile, Departamento de Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile, Departamento de Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Moreno-Villoslada I, González F, Rivera L, Hess S, Rivas BL, Shibue T, Nishide H. Aromatic−Aromatic Interaction between 2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium Chloride and Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:6146-50. [PMID: 17503806 DOI: 10.1021/jp071782m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic-aromatic interactions are found between the cationic molecule 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) and the molecule poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) which makes the overall interaction of TTC with PSS more intense than the interaction with other polyanions containing sulfonate groups and produces a decrease on the redox ability of TTC. Diafiltration was used to compare the binding of TTC to PSS, poly(sodium vinylsulfonate) (PVS), and the more hydrophobic poly(sodium 2-(N-acrylamido)-2-methyl-propanesulfonate) (PAMPS). The UV-vis spectrum of TTC is changed in the presence of the aromatic polyanion. The 1H NMR signals of TTC are broadened and shifted in the presence of PSS, suggesting the occurrence of pi-pi interactions. Moreover, nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE) between the TTC and PSS protons are found. Possible structures for the complex are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.
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