1
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Kanbayashi N, Narukawa M, Onitsuka K. Facile End-Functionalization of Poly(Quinolylene-2,3-Methylene) Using the Terminal Palladium Complex: Thiocarbonylation through Formation of an Acyl Palladium Complex at the Polymer Terminal. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300251. [PMID: 37357765 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The end-functionalization of poly(quinolylene-2,3-methylene)s (PQM) via thiocarbonylation is successfully achieved by forming an acyl palladium complex. The terminal palladium complex of the PQMs synthesized by living cyclocopolymerization of o-allenylaryl isocyanide is quantitatively converted to a tractable acyl palladium complex through the carbon monoxide insertion into a palladium-carbon bond. The resulting acyl palladium complex exhibits high reactivity toward thiols, thereby enabling the introduction of various substituents at the ω-chain end of PQM by selectively converting them to thioester groups. The one-pot procedure enables the arbitrary control of both terminal structures of PQMs, including the synthesis of multi-armed block copolymers and a triblock polymer. Additionally, the resulting thioester groups can serve as reactive sites and be converted into amide groups using amines. The new end-functionalization method has the potential to be applied not only to the synthesis of PQM but also to other polymerization reactions using transition-metal complexes, and can lead to a wide range of developments in polymer synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kanbayashi
- Department of Macromolecular Science Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Manami Narukawa
- Department of Macromolecular Science Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Onitsuka
- Department of Macromolecular Science Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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2
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Mandal A, Kilbinger AFM. Catalytic living ROMP: block copolymers from macro-chain transfer agents. Polym Chem 2023; 14:2797-2802. [PMID: 37325179 PMCID: PMC10262279 DOI: 10.1039/d3py00387f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vinyl ether based macro-chain transfer agents (m-CTAs) are used to produce different di or tri-block copolymers under catalytic living ROMP conditions. Polystyrene (PS) vinyl ether m-CTA and polycaprolactone (PCL) or polylactide vinyl ether (PLA) m-CTAs are synthesized straightforwardly via ATRP and ROP respectively. Regioselectivity as well as the high metathesis activity of these m-CTAs enabled us to synthesise a range of metathesis-based A-B diblock copolymers with controlled dispersities (Đ < 1.4). In this manner, PS-ROMP (here, ROMP refers to a poly(MNI-co-DHF) block), PCL-ROMP and PLA-ROMP were synthesized using substoichiometric amounts of ruthenium complex in a living fashion. Also, a more complex PEG-PCL-ROMP tri-block terpolymer was obtained catalytically. All block copolymers were characterized by SEC and DOSY NMR spectroscopy. We believe that this methodology of using macro-chain transfer agents to prepare degradable ROMP polymers under catalytic living ROMP conditions will find applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Mandal
- Department of chemistry, University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Andreas F M Kilbinger
- Department of chemistry, University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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3
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Chatchaipaiboon K, Nomura K. (Arylimido)niobium(V)–Alkylidenes as the Catalysts for Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) of Cyclic Olefins: Z-Specific ROMP of Cyclooctene by Nb(CHSiMe 3)(NC 6H 5)[OC(CF 3) 3](PMe 3) 2. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana Chatchaipaiboon
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0927, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0927, Japan
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4
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Tashiro K, Akiyama M, Kashiwagi K, Okazoe T. The Fluorocarbene Exploit: Enforcing Alternation in Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2941-2950. [PMID: 36701256 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroalkenes are known to be notoriously reluctant substrates for olefin metathesis due to the generation of thermodynamically stable Fischer-type fluorocarbene intermediates, which invariably fail to undergo further reaction. In the present disclosure, we find that fluorine substitution on the sp2 carbon also strictly suppresses homopolymerization of norbornene derivatives (NBEs), and this can be harnessed to achieve alternating ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with an appropriately electron-rich comonomer. Dihydrofuran (DHF) is thereby shown to undergo alternating ROMP with fluorinated norbornenes, the perfectly alternating structure of the resulting copolymer having been unambiguously elucidated by 1H, 19F, and 13C NMR analyses. Furthermore, we find that the degradability of the resultant copolymers in acidic media via hydrolysis of enol ether moieties in the backbone can be predictably modulated by the number of fluorine atoms present in the NBE comonomer, affording an opportunity to engage with the desirable physical properties of fluorinated polymers while limiting their attendant environmental degradability issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Midori Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kimiaki Kashiwagi
- AGC Inc., Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Okazoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,AGC Inc., Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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5
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O'Bryan CS, Murdoch TJ, Strickland DJ, Rose KA, Bendejacq D, Lee D, Composto RJ. Investigating the Sequence Specific Adsorption Behavior of Polypeptides at the Solid/Liquid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:1740-1749. [PMID: 36637895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymer adsorption at the solid/liquid interface depends not only on the chemical composition of the polymer but also on the specific placement of the monomers along the polymer sequence. However, challenges in designing polymers with well-controlled sequences have limited explorations into the role of polymer sequence on adsorption behavior to molecular simulations. Here, we demonstrate how the sequence control offered by polypeptide synthesis can be utilized to study the effects small changes in polymer sequence have on polymer adsorption behavior at the solid/liquid interface. Through a combination of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and total internal reflection ellipsometry, we study the adsorption behavior of three polypeptides, consisting of 90% lysine and 10% cysteine, onto a gold surface. We find different mechanisms are responsible for the adsorption of polypeptides and the resulting conformation on the surface. The initial adsorption of the polypeptides is driven by electrostatic interactions between the polylysine and the gold surface. Once adsorbed, the cysteine undergoes a thiol-Au reaction with the surface, altering the conformation of the polymer layer. Our findings suggest the conformation of the polypeptide layer is dependent on the placement of the cysteines within the sequence; polypeptide chains with evenly spaced cysteine groups adopt a more tightly bound "train" conformation as compared to polypeptides with closely grouped cysteine groups. We envision that the methodologies presented here to study sequence specific adsorption behaviors using polypeptides could be a valuable tool to complement molecular simulations studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S O'Bryan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Timothy J Murdoch
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Daniel J Strickland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Katie A Rose
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Denis Bendejacq
- Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter Laboratory, IRL 3254, Solvay USA Inc., Bristol, Pennsylvania19007, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Russell J Composto
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
- Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
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6
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Nomura K, Mekcham S. Organometallic complexes of vanadium and their reactions. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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7
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Kuanr N, Gilmour DJ, Gildenast H, Perry MR, Schafer LL. Amine-Containing Monomers for Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: Understanding Chelate Effects in Aryl- and Alkylamine-Functionalized Polyolefins. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalendu Kuanr
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Damon J. Gilmour
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hans Gildenast
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mitchell R. Perry
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
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8
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Sun Z, Kobori K, Nomura K, Asano MS. Star-Shaped ROMP Polymers Coated with Oligothiophenes That Exhibit Unique Emission. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:13270-13279. [PMID: 35474816 PMCID: PMC9026110 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of oligo(thiophene)-modified "soluble" star-shaped ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) polymers were prepared by sequential living ROMP of norbornene and a cross-linking agent using a molybdenum-alkylidene catalyst, followed by Wittig-type coupling for termination with oligo(thiophene) carboxaldehydes. The resultant star-shaped ROMP polymers displayed unique emission properties affected by the core size and arm repeat units as well as the kind of oligothiophene coated. The effects of the thiophene groups on photophysical properties of star-shaped/linear polymers were studied via time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence lifetimes were determined in THF as 400, 640, 730, and 820 ps for Star 3TPh, Linear 3TPh, Star 4T, and Linear 4T, respectively. A significant enhancement of the nonradiative rate constants k nr in the star-shaped polymers results in relatively lower fluorescence quantum yields and shorter fluorescence lifetimes compared to the corresponding linear polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Ken Kobori
- Division
of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Tenjincho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Motoko S. Asano
- Division
of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Tenjincho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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9
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Berger O, Battistella C, Chen Y, Oktawiec J, Siwicka ZE, Tullman-Ercek D, Wang M, Gianneschi NC. Mussel Adhesive-Inspired Proteomimetic Polymer. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4383-4392. [PMID: 35238544 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a synthetic polymer proteomimetic is described that reconstitutes the key structural elements and function of mussel adhesive protein. The proteomimetic was prepared via graft-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization of a norbornenyl-peptide monomer. The peptide was derived from the natural underwater glue produced by marine mussels that is composed of a highly repetitive 10 amino acid tandem repeat sequence. The hypothesis was that recapitulation of the repeating unit in this manner would provide a facile route to a nature-inspired adhesive. To this end, the material, in which the arrangement of peptide units was as side chains on a brush polymer rather than in a linear fashion as in the natural protein, was examined and compared to the native protein. Mechanical measurements of adhesion forces between solid surfaces revealed improved adhesion properties over the natural protein, making this strategy attractive for diverse applications. One such application is demonstrated, using the polymers as a surface adhesive for the immobilization of live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Berger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Claudia Battistella
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yusu Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julia Oktawiec
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zofia E Siwicka
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Danielle Tullman-Ercek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Muzhou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Simpson-Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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10
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In-situ monitoring of cyclic olefin ring-opening metathesis polymerization by Raman spectroscopy: An effective tool for functional polymer and copolymer design. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Tong W, Chen H, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Qi H, Zhou D, Li Y, Wang H. Selective Hydrogenation of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Latex Using Catmetium®RF 4 Catalyst. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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12
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Braga CB, Pilli RA, Ornelas C, Weck M. Near-Infrared Fluorescent Micelles from Poly(norbornene) Brush Triblock Copolymers for Nanotheranostics. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:5290-5306. [PMID: 34779620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This contribution describes the design and synthesis of multifunctional micelles based on amphiphilic brush block copolymers (BBCPs) for imaging and selective drug delivery of natural anticancer compounds. Well-defined BBCPs were synthesized via one-pot multi-step sequential grafting-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene-based macroinitiators. The norbornenes employed contain a poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether chain, an alkyl bromide chain, and/or a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent cyanine dye. After block copolymerization, post-polymerization transformations using bromide-azide substitution, followed by the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) allowed for the functionalization of the BBCPs with the piplartine (PPT) moiety, a natural product with well-documented cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines, via an ester linker between the drug and the polymer side chain. The amphiphilic BBCPs self-assembled in aqueous media into nano-sized spherical micelles with neutral surface charges, as confirmed by dynamic light scattering analysis and transmission electron microscopy. During self-assembly, paclitaxel (PTX) could be effectively encapsulated into the hydrophobic core to form stable PTX-loaded micelles with high loading capacities and encapsulation efficiencies. The NIR fluorescent dye-containing micelles exhibited remarkable photophysical properties, excellent colloidal stability under physiological conditions, and a pH-induced disassembly under slightly acidic conditions, allowing for the release of the drug in a controlled manner. The in vitro studies demonstrated that the micelles without the drug (blank micelles) are biocompatible at concentrations of up to 1 mg mL-1 and present a high cellular internalization capacity toward MCF-7 cancer cells. The drug-functionalized micelles showed in vitro cytotoxicity comparable to free PPT and PTX against MCF-7 and PC3 cancer cells, confirming efficient drug release into the tumor environment upon cellular internalization. Furthermore, the drug-functionalized micelles exhibited higher selectivity than the pristine drugs and preferential cellular uptake in human cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and PC3) when compared to the normal breast cell line (MCF10A). This study provides an efficient strategy for the development of versatile polymeric nanosystems for drug delivery and image-guided diagnostics. Notably, the easy functionalization of BBCP side chains via SPAAC opens up the possibility for the preparation of a library of multifunctional systems containing other drugs or functionalities, such as target groups for recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne B Braga
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo CEP 13083-970, Brazil.,Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Ronaldo A Pilli
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Catia Ornelas
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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13
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Kawamoto Y, Elser I, Buchmeiser MR, Nomura K. Vanadium(V) Arylimido Alkylidene N-Heterocyclic Carbene Alkyl and Perhalophenoxy Alkylidenes for the Cis, Syndiospecific Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Norbornene. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kawamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0927, Japan
| | - Iris Elser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research (DITF) Denkendorf, Körschtalstr. 26, D-73770 Denkendorf, Germany
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0927, Japan
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14
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Dawood KM, Nomura K. Recent Developments in Z‐Selective Olefin Metathesis Reactions by Molybdenum, Tungsten, Ruthenium, and Vanadium Catalysts. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal M. Dawood
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt Tel. & Fax
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
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15
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Xu W, Li X, Zheng Y, Yuan W, Zhou J, Yu C, Bao Y, Shan G, Pan P. Hierarchical ordering and multilayer structure of poly(ε-caprolactone) end-functionalized by a liquid crystalline unit: role of polymer crystallization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00702e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study elucidates the role of polymer crystallization in the structural organization of LC end-functionalized polymers and offers a potential method to tune the hierarchical structures of end-functionalized polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Wenhua Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Jian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Chengtao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Yongzhong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Guorong Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Pengju Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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16
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Sun Z, Unruean P, Aoki H, Kitiyanan B, Nomura K. Phenoxide-Modified Half-Titanocenes Supported on Star-Shaped ROMP Polymers as Catalyst Precursors for Ethylene Copolymerization. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Palawat Unruean
- The Petroleum and Petrochemicals College, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chulalongkorn 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Hirotaka Aoki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Boonyarach Kitiyanan
- The Petroleum and Petrochemicals College, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chulalongkorn 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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17
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Self-assembled nanostructures from amphiphilic block copolymers prepared via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Boadi FO, Zhang J, Yu X, Bhatia S, Sampson NS. Alternating Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Provides Easy Access to Functional and Fully Degradable Polymers. Macromolecules 2020; 53:5857-5868. [PMID: 33776145 PMCID: PMC7993654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polymers with hydrolyzable groups in their backbones have numerous potential applications in biomedicine, lithography, energy storage and electronics. In this study, acetal and ester functionalities were incorporated into the backbones of copolymers by means of alternating ring-opening metathesis polymerization catalyzed by third-generation Grubbs ruthenium catalyst. Specifically, combining large-ring (7-10 atoms) cyclic acetal or lactone monomers with bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-1(8)-ene-8-carboxamide monomers provided perfectly alternating copolymers with acetal or ester functionality in the backbones and low to moderate molecular weight distribution (Đ M = 1.2-1.6). Copolymers containing ester and acetal backbones hydrolyzed to significant extent under basic condition (pH 13) and acidic conditions (pH ≤ 5) respectively to yield the expected by-products within 30 hours at moderate temperature. Unlike the copolymer with all-carbon backbone, copolymers with heteroatom-containing backbone exhibited viscoelastic behavior with crossover frequency which decreases as the size of the R group on the acetal increases. In contrast, the glass transition temperature (T g) decreases as the size of the R group decreases. The rate of hydrolysis of the acetal copolymers was also dependent on the R group. Thus, ruthenium-catalyzed alternating ring-opening metathesis copolymerization provides heterofunctional copolymers whose degradation rates, glass transition temperatures, and viscoelastic moduli can be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis O. Boadi
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400
| | - Jingling Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275
| | - Xiaoxi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400
| | - Surita Bhatia
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400
| | - Nicole S Sampson
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400
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19
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Izawa I, Nomura K. (Arylimido)niobium(V)–Alkylidenes, Nb(CHSiMe 3)(NAr)[OC(CF 3) 3](PMe 3) 2, That Enable to Proceed Living Metathesis Polymerization of Internal Alkynes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itsuki Izawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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20
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Chriti D, Raptopoulos G, Brandenburg B, Paraskevopoulou P. Large, Rapid Swelling of High- cis Polydicyclopentadiene Aerogels Suitable for Solvent-Responsive Actuators. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051033. [PMID: 32370122 PMCID: PMC7284835 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-cis polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) aerogels were synthesized using ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) with a relatively air-stable ditungsten catalytic system, Na[W2(-Cl)3Cl4(THF)2]·(THF)3 (W2; (W 3 W)6+, a΄2e΄4), and norbornadiene (NBD)as a co-initiator. These aerogels are compared in terms of chemical structure and material properties with literature PDCPD aerogels obtained using well-established Ru-based alkylidenes as catalysts. The use of NBD as a co-initiator enhances the degree of crosslinking versus the more frequently used phenylacetylene (PA), yielding materials with a controlled molecular structure that would persist solvent swelling. Indeed, those PDCPD aerogels absorb selected organic solvents (e.g., chloroform, tetrahydrofuran) and swell rapidly, in some cases up to 4 times their original volume within 10 min, thus showing their potential for applications in chemical sensors and solvent-responsive actuators. The advantage of aerogels versus xerogels or dense polymers for these applications is their open porosity, which provides rapid access of the solvent to their interior, thus decreasing the diffusion distance inside the polymer itself, which in turn accelerates the response to the solvents of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Chriti
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (D.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Grigorios Raptopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (D.C.); (G.R.)
| | | | - Patrina Paraskevopoulou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (D.C.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-727-4381; Fax: +30-210-727-4782
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21
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Cruz TR, Silva EA, Oliveira DP, Martins DM, Gois PD, Machado AE, Maia PIS, Goi BE, Lima‐Neto BS, Carvalho‐Jr VP. Dual catalytic performance of arene‐ruthenium amine complexes for norbornene ring‐opening metathesis and methyl methacrylate atom‐transfer radical polymerizations. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thais R. Cruz
- Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista CEP 19060‐900 Presidente Prudente SP Brazil
| | - Eliada A. Silva
- Instituto de Química de São CarlosUniversidade de São Paulo CEP 13560‐970 São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Douglas P. Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista CEP 19060‐900 Presidente Prudente SP Brazil
| | - Daniele M. Martins
- Instituto de Química de São CarlosUniversidade de São Paulo CEP 13560‐970 São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Patrik D.S. Gois
- Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista CEP 19060‐900 Presidente Prudente SP Brazil
| | - Antonio E.H. Machado
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Uberlândia P.O. Box 593 Uberlândia 38400‐089 Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Pedro Ivo S. Maia
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro CEP 38025‐440 Uberaba MG Brazil
| | - Beatriz E. Goi
- Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista CEP 19060‐900 Presidente Prudente SP Brazil
| | - Benedito S. Lima‐Neto
- Instituto de Química de São CarlosUniversidade de São Paulo CEP 13560‐970 São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Valdemiro P. Carvalho‐Jr
- Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista CEP 19060‐900 Presidente Prudente SP Brazil
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22
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Liu J, Sun J, Zhang Z, Yang H, Nie X. One-step Synthesis of End-Functionalized Hydrogenated Nitrile-Butadiene Rubber by Combining the Functional Metathesis with Hydrogenation. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:374-380. [PMID: 32211282 PMCID: PMC7087459 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
End-functionalized hydrogenated polymers obtained from nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) yield new materials with suitable properties for a number of applications as sealing material and adhesives. We investigated the one-step synthesis of ester end-functionalized hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber (EF-HNBR) by combining the functional metathesis with the hydrogenation of NBR in the presence of the 2nd generation Grubbs catalyst and a functionalized olefin as a chain transfer agent (CTA). We established the operating conditions for the effective production of saturated functional polymers with a high degree of hydrogenation, high chemo-selectivity and moderate molecular weight. The structures of the products were confirmed by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, rubber molecular weight, and distribution determined by using gel permeation chromatography (GPC); their thermal properties were determined by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and different scanning calorimetry (DSC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- School of science North University of China Jiancaoping District of Taiyuan City Shanxi Province China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Jinjiao high-tech (Shanghai) co. LTD Jianchuan Road Cangyuan Technology Park Shanghai China
| | - Zhengguo Zhang
- School of science North University of China Jiancaoping District of Taiyuan City Shanxi Province China
| | - Hui Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiaojuan Nie
- School of science North University of China Jiancaoping District of Taiyuan City Shanxi Province China
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23
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Characteristics and advantages of surface-initiated graft-polymerization as a way of “grafting from” method for graft-polymerization of functional monomers on solid particles. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Liu X, Liu F, Liu W, Gu H. ROMP and MCP as Versatile and Forceful Tools to Fabricate Dendronized Polymers for Functional Applications. POLYM REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1723022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haibin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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25
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Denisova YI, Roenko AV, Adzhieva OA, Gringolts ML, Shandryuk GA, Peregudov AS, Finkelshtein ES, Kudryavtsev YV. Facile synthesis of norbornene–ethylene–vinyl acetate/vinyl alcohol multiblock copolymers by the olefin cross-metathesis of polynorbornene with poly(5-acetoxy-1-octenylene). Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01167c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New norbornene−ethylene–vinyl acetate/vinyl alcohol multiblock copolymers are synthesized via the olefin cross-metathesis reaction of polynorbornene with poly(5-acetoxy-1-octenylene) followed by CC bond hydrogenation and acetoxy group deprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia I. Denisova
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Alexey V. Roenko
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Olga A. Adzhieva
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Maria L. Gringolts
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Georgiy A. Shandryuk
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Alexander S. Peregudov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
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26
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Nomura K, Chaimongkolkunasin S. cis-Specific ring opening metathesis polymerisation (ROMP) of cyclic olefins using (pentafluorophenylimido)vanadium(v)-alkylidene, V(CHSiMe3)(NC6F5)[OC(CF3)3](PMe3)2. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00938e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Highly cis-specific (Z selective) ring opening metathesis polymerisation of cycloheptene has been demonstrated using V(CHSiMe3)(NC6F5)[OC(CF3)3](PMe3)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Tokyo 192-0397
- Japan
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27
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Battistella C, Callmann CE, Thompson MP, Yao S, Yeldandi AV, Hayashi T, Carson DA, Gianneschi NC. Delivery of Immunotherapeutic Nanoparticles to Tumors via Enzyme-Directed Assembly. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1901105. [PMID: 31664791 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic diblock copolymers are prepared by ring opening metathesis polymerization, with one block containing hydrophobic Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists and one block containing hydrophilic peptides as substrates for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). A fluorescent label is incorporated into the polymer chains for in vivo imaging. Upon dialysis against aqueous solution, polymers form 15 nm spherical micelles. Subsequent exposure to MMP-9 elicits a morphological change to yield immunostimulatory microscale assemblies. The intravenous (IV) administration of the formulation to mice bearing 4T1 breast cancer tumors results in nanoparticle accumulation in tumors, reduction in primary tumor growth, and inhibition of lung metastases, as compared to saline-treated animals. Mice administered the parent immunotherapeutic small molecule (1V209) experience significantly increased plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IP-10, and MCP-1 at 2 h following IV administration, whereas the nanomaterial shows no increase over saline-treated controls. These data suggest that covalently packaging low molecular weight immunotherapeutics at high weight percent loadings in enzyme-responsive nanoparticles maintains drug efficacy while decreasing immunotoxicity, providing a platform for cancer immunotherapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Battistella
- Departments of ChemistryMaterials Science & EngineeringBiomedical EngineeringInternational Institute for NanotechnologyChemistry of Life Processes InstituteSimpson‐Querrey InstituteLurie Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Cassandra E. Callmann
- Departments of ChemistryMaterials Science & EngineeringBiomedical EngineeringInternational Institute for NanotechnologyChemistry of Life Processes InstituteSimpson‐Querrey InstituteLurie Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of California La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Matthew P. Thompson
- Departments of ChemistryMaterials Science & EngineeringBiomedical EngineeringInternational Institute for NanotechnologyChemistry of Life Processes InstituteSimpson‐Querrey InstituteLurie Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of California La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Shiyin Yao
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Anjana V. Yeldandi
- Department of PathologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Tomoko Hayashi
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Dennis A. Carson
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Departments of ChemistryMaterials Science & EngineeringBiomedical EngineeringInternational Institute for NanotechnologyChemistry of Life Processes InstituteSimpson‐Querrey InstituteLurie Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of California La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
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28
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Jaymand M. Chemically Modified Natural Polymer-Based Theranostic Nanomedicines: Are They the Golden Gate toward a de Novo Clinical Approach against Cancer? ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:134-166. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Jaymand
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
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29
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Suslov DS, Bykov MV, Kravchenko OV. Norbornene Addition Polymerization with Catalysts Based on Transition Metal Compounds: 2008–2018. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s181123821901017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Liu P, Yasir M, Kilbinger AFM. Catalytic Living Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerisation: The Importance of Ring Strain in Chain Transfer Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15278-15282. [PMID: 31456331 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A recently developed catalytic living ring opening metathesis polymerisation (ROMP) was investigated using a series of reversible chain transfer agents (CTA) carrying either cyclopentene or cyclohexene rings, differing only in ring strain. All cyclopentene derivatives examined showed significantly faster reaction rates than the corresponding cyclohexene derivatives. This resulted in lower molecular weight dispersities and better control of the molecular weight for the cyclopentene compared to the cyclohexene CTAs. Both Grubbs' second and third generation catalysts could be employed in catalytic living ROMP using cyclopentene CTA derivatives. The kinetics of different CTAs were studied, block copolymers were synthesised and residual ruthenium quantified by ICP-OES. All polymers were fully characterised by NMR, GPC and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. The new cyclopentene CTAs are readily synthesised in a few straightforward steps and provide faster reaction kinetics than all previously reported reversible CTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Yasir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas F M Kilbinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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31
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Liu P, Yasir M, Kilbinger AFM. Catalytic Living Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerisation: The Importance of Ring Strain in Chain Transfer Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Yasir
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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32
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Carbazolevinylene and phenylenevinylene polymers by ring-opening metathesis polymerization and their characterization, nanoaggregates and optical and electrochemical properties. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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(Arylimido)vanadium(V)-Alkylidene Complexes as Catalysts for Ring-opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) of Cyclic Olefins: Ligand Design for Exhibiting the High Activity. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Song JA, Park B, Kim S, Kang C, Lee D, Baik MH, Grubbs RH, Choi TL. Living Polymerization Caught in the Act: Direct Observation of an Arrested Intermediate in Metathesis Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10039-10047. [PMID: 31194522 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the stability and reactivity of the propagating species is critical in living polymerization. Therefore, most living olefin metathesis polymerizations require the stabilization of the catalyst by coordination of external ligands containing Lewis basic heteroatoms, e.g., phosphines and pyridines. However, in some cases, chemists postulated that the propagating metal carbene could also be stabilized by olefin chelation. Here, we disclose that stable 16-electron olefin-chelated Ru carbenes play a key role in previously reported living/controlled ring-opening metathesis polymerization of endo-tricyclo[4.2.2.02,5]deca-3,9-diene and cyclopolymerization of 1,8-nonadiynes using Grubbs catalysts. We successfully isolated these propagating species during polymerization and confirmed their olefin-chelated structures using X-ray crystallography and NMR analysis. DFT calculations and van 't Hoff plots from the equilibrium between olefin-chelated Ru carbenes and 3-chloropyridine (Py)-coordinated carbenes revealed that entropically favored olefin chelation overwhelmed enthalpically more stable Py-coordinated Ru carbenes at room temperature. Therefore, olefin chelation stabilized the propagating species and slowed down the propagation relative to initiation, thereby lowering polydispersity. This finding provides a deeper understanding of the olefin metathesis polymerization mechanism using Grubbs catalysts and offers clues for designing new controlled/living polymerizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Song
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Park
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Kang
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Robert H Grubbs
- The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
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35
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Chae CG, Yu YG, Seo HB, Kim MJ, Wen Z, Lee JS. End-Capping Reaction of Living Anionic Poly(benzyl methacrylate) with a Pentafluorophenyl Ester for a Norbornenyl-ω-End Macromonomer with a Long Flexible Spacer: Advantage in the Well-Controlled Synthesis of Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Bottlebrush Polymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Geun Chae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Guen Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Bin Seo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Zuwang Wen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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36
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Synthesis of Soluble Star-Shaped Polymers via In and Out Approach by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) of Norbornene: Factors Affecting the Synthesis. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8120670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The methods for one-pot synthesis of ‘soluble’ star-shaped polymers by sequential living ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene (NBE) and cross-linking (CL) reagent using Mo(CHCMe2Ph)(N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)(OtBu)2 have been explored. The method (called the “in and out” or core-first approach) basically consists of (i) the living ROMP of NBE (formation of arm), (ii) reaction with CL (formation of core), (iii) additional living ROMP of NBE (propagating arms from the core, formation of star), (iv) end-modification via Wittig-type cleavage of metal–carbon double bonds containing polymer chain with aldehyde. Two different approaches in the core formation step (reaction with CL mixed with/without NBE) for synthesis of the high molecular weight star-shaped ROMP polymers with more branching, unimodal molecular weight distributions have been explored in detail. The method (reacting CL with NBE in the core formation step) under highly diluted conditions afforded the high molecular weight polymers with unimodal molecular weight distributions.
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37
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NOMURA K, HAYASHIBARA H. (Imido)Vanadium Complex Catalysts for Efficient Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Cyclic Olefins. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2018. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2018-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kotohiro NOMURA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Hitomi HAYASHIBARA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University
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38
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Chaimongkolkunasin S, Nomura K. (Arylimido)Vanadium(V)-Alkylidenes Containing Chlorinated Phenoxy Ligands: Thermally Robust, Highly Active Catalyst in Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Cyclic Olefins. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sapanna Chaimongkolkunasin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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39
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Accessible ring opening metathesis and atom transfer radical polymerization catalysts based on dimethyl sulfoxide ruthenium(II) complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Fujio T, Miwata T, Takase M, Sueki S, Nomura K. Facile, Efficient Synthesis of Star‐Shaped π‐Conjugated Systems by Combined Olefin Metathesis with Wittig‐type Coupling. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Fujio
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1‐1 Minami Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192‐0397 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miwata
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1‐1 Minami Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192‐0397 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takase
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1‐1 Minami Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192‐0397 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology Ehime University Matsuyama, Ehime 790‐8577 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sueki
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1‐1 Minami Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192‐0397 Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1‐1 Minami Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192‐0397 Japan
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Chen Y, Abdellatif MM, Nomura K. Olefin metathesis polymerization: Some recent developments in the precise polymerizations for synthesis of advanced materials (by ROMP, ADMET). Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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42
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Sun Z, Nomura K. One-pot synthesis of end-functionalised soluble star-shaped polymers by living ring-opening metathesis polymerisation using a molybdenum-alkylidene catalyst. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27703-27708. [PMID: 35542730 PMCID: PMC9084289 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05229h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise synthesis of soluble star-shaped polymers has been achieved by adopting living ring-opening metathesis polymerisation (ROMP) using a molybdenum-alkylidene catalyst with sequential addition of norbornene and cross-linking agent; the method provides efficient one-pot synthesis of high molecular weight end-functionalised star-shaped polymers (Mn = >1.37 × 105) with more arms (branching) with rather low PDI values (Mw/Mn = 1.17–1.37) under the optimised conditions. Precise synthesis of star-shaped polymers has been achieved by living ROMP using a molybdenum catalyst with sequential addition of norbornene and cross-linker.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
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Xu J, Luo D, Yin X, Zhang H, Wang L, Wang H. Nonconventional Fluorescent Polynorbornenes Bearing Aminosuccinimide Side Groups. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan Textile University; Wuhan 430200 Hubei China
| | - Dan Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan Textile University; Wuhan 430200 Hubei China
| | - Xianze Yin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan Textile University; Wuhan 430200 Hubei China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan Textile University; Wuhan 430200 Hubei China
| | - Luoxin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan Textile University; Wuhan 430200 Hubei China
| | - Hua Wang
- High-Tech Organic Fibers Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Textile Science Research Institute; Chengdu 610072 Sichuan China
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Nomura K, Hou X. Cis-Specific Chain Transfer Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Using a Vanadium(V) Alkylidene Catalyst for Efficient Synthesis of End-Functionalized Polymers. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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45
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Jeong H, von Kugelgen S, Bellone D, Fischer FR. Regioselective Termination Reagents for Ring-Opening Alkyne Metathesis Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15509-15514. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyangsoo Jeong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stephen von Kugelgen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Donatela Bellone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Felix R. Fischer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences
Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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46
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Li N, Wang H, Qu X, Chen Y. Synthesis of Poly(norbornene-methylamine), a Biomimetic of Chitosan, by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP). Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E223. [PMID: 28708109 PMCID: PMC5532665 DOI: 10.3390/md15070223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ROMP is an effective method for preparing functional polymers due to its having characteristics of "living" polymerization and rapid development of catalysts. In the present work, poly(norbornene-methylamine), a mimic of chitosan, was synthesized via ROMP reaction. The amino-protected product, 5-norbornene-2-(N-methyl)-phthalimide, was prepared by a reaction of 5-norbornene-2-methylamine with phthalic anhydride, which was then subjected to the ROMP reaction in the presence of Hoveyda-Grubbs 2nd catalyst to afford poly(norbornene-(N-methyl)-phthalimide). The target product, poly(norbornene-methylamine), was obtained by deprotection reaction of poly(norbornene-(N-methyl)-phthalimide). The products in each step were characterized by FTIR and ¹H-NMR, and their thermal stabilities were determined by TG analysis. The effects of molar ratio between monomer ([M]/[I]) and catalyst on the average relative molecular weight ( M n ¯ ) and molecular weight distribution of the produced polymer products were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). It was found that the M n ¯ of poly(norbornene-(N-methyl)-phthalimide) was controllable and exhibited a narrow polydispersity index (PDI) (~1.10). The synthesis condition of 5-norbornene-2-(N-methyl)-phthalimide was optimized by determining the yields at different reaction temperatures and reaction times. The highest yield was obtained at a reaction temperature of 130 °C and a reaction time of 20 min. Our work provides a new strategy to synthesize polymers with controllable structures and free -NH₂ groups via ROMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaosai Qu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Chaimongkolkunasin S, Hou X, Nomura K. Ring opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene and tetracyclododecene with cyclooctene by using (arylimido)vanadium(V)-alkylidene catalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
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Miyashita T, Kunisawa M, Sueki S, Nomura K. Synthesis of Poly(arylene vinylene)s with Different End Groups by Combining Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization with Wittig‐type Couplings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Miyashita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0376 Japan
| | - Mikiko Kunisawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0376 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sueki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0376 Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0376 Japan
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Copolymerization of Norbornene and Norbornadiene Using a cis-Selective Bimetallic W-Based Catalytic System. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9040141. [PMID: 30970821 PMCID: PMC6432165 DOI: 10.3390/polym9040141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bimetallic cluster Na[W₂(μ-Cl)₃Cl₄(THF)₂]·(THF)₃ ({W₂}, {W 3 W}6+, a'²e'⁴), which features a triple metal-metal bond, is a highly efficient room-temperature initiator for ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene (NBE) and norbornadiene (NBD), providing high-cis polymers. In this work, {W₂} was used for the copolymerization of the aforementioned monomers, yielding statistical poly(norbornene)/poly(norbornadiene) PNBE/PNBD copolymers of high molecular weight and high-cis content. The composition of the polymer chain was estimated by 13C CPMAS NMR data and it was found that the ratio of PNBE/PNBD segments in the polymer chain was relative to the monomer molar ratio in the reaction mixture. The thermal properties of all copolymers were similar, resembled the properties of PNBD homopolymer and indicated a high degree of cross-linking. The morphology of all materials in this study was smooth and non-porous; copolymers with higher PNBE content featured a corrugated morphology. Glass transition temperatures were lower for the copolymers than for the homopolymers, providing a strong indication that those materials featured a branched-shaped structure. This conclusion was further supported by viscosity measurements of copolymers solutions in THF. The molecular structure of those materials can be controlled, potentially leading to well-defined star polymers via the "core-first" synthesis method. Therefore, {W₂} is not only a cost-efficient, practical, highly active, and cis-stereoselective ROMP-initiator, but it can also be used for the synthesis of more complex macromolecular structures.
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50
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Irregular polystyrene peroxides – a promising macroinitiators synthesized by radical polymerization under oxygen inflow. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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