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Sheng J, Jiang S, Geng T, Huang Z, Li J, Jiang L. Ultrarobust Actuator Comprising High-Strength Carbon Fibers and Commercially Available Polycarbonate with Multi-Stimulus Responses and Programmable Deformation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1144. [PMID: 38675063 PMCID: PMC11053830 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based actuators have gained extensive attention owing to their potential applications in aerospace, soft robotics, etc. However, poor mechanical properties, the inability of multi-stimuli response and programmable deformation, and the costly fabrication procedure have significantly hindered their practical application. Herein, these issues are overcome via a simple and scalable one-step molding method. The actuator is fabricated by hot-pressing commercial unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy prepregs with a commodity PC membrane. Notable CTE differences between the CF and PC layers endow the bilayer actuator with fast and reliable actuation deformation. Benefiting from the high strength of CF, the actuator exhibits excellent mechanical performance. Moreover, the anisotropy of CF endows the actuator with design flexibility. Furthermore, the multifunction of CF makes the actuator capable of responding to thermal, optical, and electrical stimulation simultaneously. Based on the bilayer actuator, we successfully fabricated intelligent devices such as light-driven biomimetic flowers, intelligent grippers, and gesture-simulating apparatuses, which further validate the programmability and multi-stimuli response characteristics of this actuator. Strikingly, the prepared gripper possesses a grasping capacity approximately 31.2 times its own weight. It is thus believed that the concept presented paves the way for building next-generation robust robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sheng
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Automotive Composite Materials, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (J.S.); (S.J.)
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Carbon Composition Material, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shengkun Jiang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Automotive Composite Materials, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (J.S.); (S.J.)
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Carbon Composition Material, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tie Geng
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Automotive Composite Materials, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (J.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Zhengqiang Huang
- Zhong Yuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 451191, China;
| | - Jiquan Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;
| | - Lin Jiang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Automotive Composite Materials, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (J.S.); (S.J.)
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Carbon Composition Material, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;
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Hayeemasae N, Soontaranon S, Masa A. Comparative Investigation of Nano-Sized Silica and Micrometer-Sized Calcium Carbonate on Structure and Properties of Natural Rubber Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1051. [PMID: 38674971 PMCID: PMC11054306 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fillers have been widely used in natural rubber (NR) products. They are introduced to serve as a strategy for modifying the final properties of NR vulcanizates. Silica and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) are among the fillers of choice when the color of the products is concerned. In this case, a special focus was to compare the vulcanizing efficiency of NR filled with two different filler types, namely nano-sized silica and micrometer-sized CaCO3. This study focused on the effects of the loading level (10-50 parts per hundred parts of rubber, phr) on the final properties and structural changes of NR composites. The results indicated that increased filler loading led to higher curing torques and stiffness of the rubber composites irrespective of the type of filler used. The better filler dispersion was achieved in composites filled with CaCO3 which is responsible for less polarity of CaCO3 compared to silica. Good filler distribution enhanced filler-matrix interactions, improving swelling resistance and total crosslink density, and delaying stress relaxation. The modulus and tensile strength of both composites also improved over the content of fillers. The CaCO3-filled composites reached their maximum tensile strength at 40 phr, exceeding, by roughly 88%, the strength of an unfilled sample. Conversely, the maximum tensile strength of silica-filled NR was at 20 phr and was only slightly higher than that of its unfilled counterpart. This discrepancy was ascribed to the stronger rubber-filler interactions in cases with CaCO3 filler. Effective rubber-filler interactions improved strain-induced crystallization, increasing crystallinity during stretching and reducing the strain at which crystallization begins. In contrast, large silica aggregates with poor dispersion reduced the overall crosslink density, and degraded the thermomechanical properties, tensile properties, and strain-induced crystallization ability of the NR. The results clearly indicate that CaCO3 should be favored over silica as a filler in the production of some rubber products where high performance was not the main characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Hayeemasae
- Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand;
- Research Unit of Advanced Elastomeric Materials and Innovations for BCG Economy (AEMI), Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
| | - Siriwat Soontaranon
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Abdulhakim Masa
- Research Unit of Advanced Elastomeric Materials and Innovations for BCG Economy (AEMI), Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
- Rubber Engineering and Technology Program, International College, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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3
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Shamsieva A, Evseev A, Piyanzina I, Nedopekin O, Tayurskii D. Molecular Dynamics Modeling for the Determination of Elastic Moduli of Polymer-Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11807. [PMID: 37511565 PMCID: PMC10380919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of carbon nanotubes to improve the mechanical properties of polymers is one of the promising directions in materials science. The addition of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to a polymer results in significant improvements in its mechanical, electrical, optical, and structural properties. However, the addition of SWCNTs does not always improve the polymer properties. Also, when a certain content of SWCNTs is exceeded, the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite become worse. This article reports the results of computer simulations for predicting the mechanical properties of polymer/single-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites. The efficiency of reinforcing polymer composites is considered depending on the concentration of carbon nanotubes in the polymer matrix, their size, and structure. The elastic moduli of the nanocomposites are predicted using computer simulations for unit cell tension (0.1%). General trends in the mechanical properties of composites with polypropylene (PP), poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA), polystyrene (PS) matrices, and SWCNTs are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigul Shamsieva
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexander Evseev
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Irina Piyanzina
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Oleg Nedopekin
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Tayurskii
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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Effects of Fiber Orientation on the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Fiber-Filled Polymer Systems in Large Format Polymer Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15082764. [PMID: 35454459 PMCID: PMC9031978 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Large format polymer extrusion-based additive manufacturing has been studied recently due to its capacity for high throughput, customizable bead size and geometry, and ability to manufacture large parts. Samples from three fiber-filled amorphous thermoplastic materials 3D printed using a Masterprint 3X machine from Ingersoll Machine Tools were studied, along with their neat counterparts. Characterization techniques included thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA). TGA results showed that the fillers decreased the degradation temperature for most of the materials investigated, with a 30 °C decrease for polycarbonate (PC) and a 12 °C decrease for polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG). For all the materials used, heat capacity increases with increasing temperature. Moreover, results show that a highly conductive filler increases the heat capacity. In contrast, a material with a lower conductivity decreases the heat capacity indicated in the 15.2% and 2.54% increase for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and PC and a 27.68% decrease for PETG. The TMA data show that the printed bead exhibits directional properties consistent with an orthotropic material. Smaller strains and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) were measured along the bead direction and across the bead compared to the through bead thickness showing that fillers are predominantly oriented in the bead direction, which is consistent with the literature. CTE values through bead thickness and neat material are similar in magnitude, which corresponds to the CTE of the matrix material. The experimental results serve to characterize the effect of fiber filler on the part thermal strains in three principal directions and two-part locations during the extrusion and bead deposition of large-format polymer extrusion-based additive manufacturing technologies.
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Cruz H, Bui DN, Son Y. Effect of aspect ratio and bulk density of carbon nanotube on the electrical conductivity of polycarbonate/multi‐walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidy Cruz
- Division of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Kongju National University Cheonan Republic of Korea
- School of Civil Engineering The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Duc Nhat Bui
- Division of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Kongju National University Cheonan Republic of Korea
| | - Younggon Son
- Division of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Kongju National University Cheonan Republic of Korea
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Amoroso L, Heeley EL, Ramadas SN, McNally T. Crystallisation behaviour of composites of HDPE and MWCNTs: The effect of nanotube dispersion, orientation and polymer deformation. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotube/Polypropylene Composites with Negative Seebeck Coefficient. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs4010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the application of multi-walled carbon nanotubes that were nitrogen-doped during their synthesis (N-MWCNTs) in melt-mixed polypropylene (PP) composites. Different types of N-MWCNTs, synthesized using different methods, were used and compared. Four of the five MWCNT grades showed negative Seebeck coefficients (S), indicating n-type charge carrier behavior. All prepared composites (with a concentration between 2 and 7.5 wt% N-MWCNTs) also showed negative S values, which in most cases had a higher negative value than the corresponding nanotubes. The S values achieved were between 1.0 μV/K and −13.8 μV/K for the N-MWCNT buckypapers or powders and between −4.7 μV/K and −22.8 μV/K for the corresponding composites. With a higher content of N-MWCNTs, the increase in electrical conductivity led to increasing values of the power factor (PF) despite the unstable behavior of the Seebeck coefficient. The highest power factor was achieved with 4 wt% N-MWCNT, where a suitable combination of high electrical conductivity and acceptable Seebeck coefficient led to a PF value of 6.1 × 10−3 µW/(m·K2). First experiments have shown that transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) is a useful tool to study the carrier transfer process in CNTs in composites and to correlate it with the Seebeck coefficient.
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Otaegi I, Aranburu N, Iturrondobeitia M, Ibarretxe J, Guerrica-Echevarría G. The Effect of the Preparation Method and the Dispersion and Aspect Ratio of CNTs on the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Bio-Based Polyamide-4,10/CNT Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11122059. [PMID: 31835758 PMCID: PMC6960823 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-based polymeric nanocomposites (NCs) with enhanced electrical conductivity and rigidity were obtained by adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to a commercial bio-based polyamide 4,10 (PA410). Two different types of commercial CNTs (Cheap Tubes and Nanocyl NC7000TM) and two different preparation methods (using CNTs in powder form and a PA6-based masterbatch, respectively) were used to obtain melt-mixed PA410/CNT NCs. The effect of the preparation method as well as the degree of dispersion and aspect ratio of the CNTs on the electrical and mechanical properties of the processed NCs was studied. Superior electrical and mechanical behavior was observed in the Nanocyl CNTs-based NCs due to the enhanced dispersion and higher aspect ratio of the nanotubes. A much more significant reduction in aspect ratio was observed in the Cheap Tubes CNTs than in the Nanocyl CNTs. This was attributed to the fact that the shear stress applied during melt processing reduced the length of the CNTs to similar lengths in all cases, which pointed to the diameter of the CNTs as the key factor determing the properties of the NCs. The PA6 in the ternary PA410/PA6/CNT system led to improved Young’s modulus values because the reinforcing effect of CNTs was greater in PA6 than in PA410.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Otaegi
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (I.O.); (N.A.)
| | - Nora Aranburu
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (I.O.); (N.A.)
| | - Maider Iturrondobeitia
- eMERG, School of Engineering of Bilbao, building II-I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Rafael Moreno Pitxitxi 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain; (M.I.); (J.I.)
| | - Julen Ibarretxe
- eMERG, School of Engineering of Bilbao, building II-I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Rafael Moreno Pitxitxi 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain; (M.I.); (J.I.)
| | - Gonzalo Guerrica-Echevarría
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (I.O.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-943-01-5443
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9
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Effect of aspect ratio of multi-wall carbon nanotubes on the dispersion in ethylene-α-octene block copolymer and the properties of the Nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Wang J, Guan J, Hawkins N, Vollrath F. Analysing the structure and glass transition behaviour of silks for archaeology and conservation. J R Soc Interface 2019; 15:rsif.2017.0883. [PMID: 29436511 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk is an iconic material in many cultures. Silk archaeology and conservation is affected by silk production technology as well as subsequent environmental effects such as humidity, temperature, UV radiation and ageing. The complex interactions and various effects on silk materials affect the practical use of silk, for example, in the conservation of ancient manuscripts. This study examines the various influences of silk provenance and processing, adhesive coatings and chemical treatments as well as natural and artificial ageing of the silk material. We use infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis to investigate the glass transition behaviours in a range of archaeological and control silk samples. This allows us to establish structural differences in century-old museum silks and predict the effects of silk ageing and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Visual Arts, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Guan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Nicholas Hawkins
- Oxford Silk Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fritz Vollrath
- Oxford Silk Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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11
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Krause B, Rzeczkowski P, Pötschke P. Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Resistivity of Melt-Mixed Polypropylene Composites Containing Mixtures of Carbon-Based Fillers. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11061073. [PMID: 31234343 PMCID: PMC6630210 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melt-mixed composites based on polypropylene (PP) with various carbon-based fillers were investigated with regard to their thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity. The composites were filled with up to three fillers by selecting combinations of graphite nanoplatelets (GNP), carbon fibers (CF), carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon black (CB), and graphite (G) at a constant filler content of 7.5 vol%. The thermal conductivity of PP (0.26 W/(m·K)) improved most using graphite nanoplatelets, whereas electrical resistivity was the lowest when using multiwalled CNT. Synergistic effects could be observed for different filler combinations. The PP composite, which contains a mixture of GNP, CNT, and highly structured CB, simultaneously had high thermal conductivity (0.5 W/(m·K)) and the lowest electrical volume resistivity (4 Ohm·cm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Krause
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Piotr Rzeczkowski
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Petra Pötschke
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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12
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Wang M, Sheng J, Zhou S, Yang Z, Zhang X. Effect of Free Surface Layer and Interfacial Zone on Glass-Transition Behavior of PMMA/CNT Nanocomposite. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Comparative study of singlewalled, multiwalled, and branched carbon nanotubes melt mixed in different thermoplastic matrices. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Shiju J, Al-Sagheer F, Bumajdad A, Ahmad Z. In-Situ Preparation of Aramid-Multiwalled CNT Nano-Composites: Morphology, Thermal Mechanical and Electric Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8050309. [PMID: 29735952 PMCID: PMC5977323 DOI: 10.3390/nano8050309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work in-situ polymerization technique has been used to chemically link the functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with aramid matrix chains. Phenylene diamine monomers were reacted in the first stage with the carboxylic acid functionalized CNTs and then amidized in-situ using terephthaloyl chloride generating chemically bonded CNTs with the matrix. Various proportions of the CNTs were used to prepare the hybrid materials. The functionalization procedure was studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and composite morphology investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal mechanical properties of these hybrids, together with those where pristine CNTs with similar loadings were used, are compared using tensile and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The tensile strength and temperature involving α-relaxations on CNT loading increased with CNT loading in both systems, but much higher values, i.e., 267 MPa and 353 °C, respectively, were obtained in the chemically bonded system, which are related to the nature of the interface developed as observed in SE micrographs. The water absorption capacity of the films was significantly reduced from 6.2 to 1.45% in the presence pristine CNTs. The inclusion of pristine CNTs increased the electric conductivity of the aramid films with a minimum threshold value at the loading of 3.5 wt % of CNTs. Such mechanically strong and thermally stable aramid and easily processable composites can be suitable for various applications including high performance films, electromagnetic shielding and radar absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Shiju
- Chemistry Department, Kuwait University, PB. 5969, Safat-13060, Kuwait.
| | | | - Ali Bumajdad
- Chemistry Department, Kuwait University, PB. 5969, Safat-13060, Kuwait.
| | - Zahoor Ahmad
- Chemistry Department, Kuwait University, PB. 5969, Safat-13060, Kuwait.
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15
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Gooneie A, Hufenus R. Hybrid Carbon Nanoparticles in Polymer Matrix for Efficient Connected Networks: Self-Assembly and Continuous Pathways. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gooneie
- Laboratory of Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf Hufenus
- Laboratory of Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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16
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Gumede TP, Luyt AS, Pérez-Camargo RA, Tercjak A, Müller AJ. Morphology, Nucleation, and Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(Butylene Succinate) Mixed with a Polycarbonate/MWCNT Masterbatch. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E424. [PMID: 30966459 PMCID: PMC6415459 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) with a polycarbonate (PC)/multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) masterbatch, in a twin-screw extruder. The nanocomposites contained 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 wt% MWCNTs. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) results indicate that the blends are partially miscible, hence they form two phases (i.e., PC-rich and PBS-rich phases). The PC-rich phase contained a small amount of PBS chains that acted as a plasticizer and enabled crystallization of the PC component. In the PBS-rich phase, the amount of the PC chains present gave rise to increases in the glass transition temperature of the PBS phase. The presence of two phases was supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis, where most MWCNTs aggregated in the PC-rich phase (especially at the high MWCNTs content of 4 wt%) and a small amount of MWCNTs were able to diffuse to the PBS-rich phase. Standard DSC scans showed that the MWCNTs nucleation effects saturated at 0.5 wt% MWCNT content on the PBS-rich phase, above this content a negative nucleation effect was observed. Isothermal crystallization results indicated that with 0.5 wt% MWCNTs the crystallization rate was accelerated, but further increases in MWCNTs loading (and also in PC content) resulted in progressive decreases in crystallization rate. The results are explained by increased MWCNTs aggregation and reduced diffusion rates of PBS chains, as the masterbatch content in the blends increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thandi P Gumede
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Private Bag X13, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa.
| | - Adriaan S Luyt
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ricardo A Pérez-Camargo
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Agnieszka Tercjak
- Group "Materials + Technologies" (GMT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Alejandro J Müller
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
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17
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Arrigo R, Teresi R, Gambarotti C, Parisi F, Lazzara G, Dintcheva NT. Sonication-Induced Modification of Carbon Nanotubes: Effect on the Rheological and Thermo-Oxidative Behaviour of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11030383. [PMID: 29510595 PMCID: PMC5872962 DOI: 10.3390/ma11030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is the investigation of the effect of ultrasound treatment on the structural characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the consequent influence that the shortening induced by sonication exerts on the morphology, rheological behaviour and thermo-oxidative resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)-based nanocomposites. First, CNTs have been subjected to sonication for different time intervals and the performed spectroscopic and morphological analyses reveal that a dramatic decrease of the CNT’s original length occurs with increased sonication time. The reduction of the initial length of CNTs strongly affects the nanocomposite rheological behaviour, which progressively changes from solid-like to liquid-like as the CNT sonication time increases. The study of the thermo-oxidative behaviour of the investigated nanocomposites reveals that the CNT sonication has a detrimental effect on the thermo-oxidative stability of nanocomposites, especially for long exposure times. The worsening of the thermo-oxidative resistance of sonicated CNT-containing nanocomposites could be attributed to the lower thermal conductivity of low-aspect-ratio CNTs, which causes the increase of the local temperature at the polymer/nanofillers interphase, with the consequent acceleration of the degradative phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Arrigo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Viale T. Michel, 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Rosalia Teresi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Cristian Gambarotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Filippo Parisi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Lazzara
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Nadka Tzankova Dintcheva
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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18
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Gumede TP, Luyt AS, Hassan MK, Pérez-Camargo RA, Tercjak A, Müller AJ. Morphology, Nucleation, and Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Mixed with a Polycarbonate/MWCNTs Masterbatch. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9120709. [PMID: 30966008 PMCID: PMC6418913 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with a (polycarbonate (PC)/multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)) masterbatch in a twin-screw extruder. The nanocomposites contained 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 wt % MWCNTs. Even though PCL and PC have been reported to be miscible, our DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), SAXS (Small Angle X-ray Scattering), and WAXS (Wide Angle X-ray Scattering) results showed partial miscibility, where two phases were formed (PC-rich and PCL-rich phases). In the PC-rich phase, the small amount of PCL chains included within this phase plasticized the PC component and the PC-rich phase was therefore able to crystallize. In contrast, in the PCL-rich phase the amount of PC chains present generates changes in the glass transition temperature of the PCL phase that were much smaller than those predicted by the Fox equation. The presence of two phases was corroborated by SEM, TEM, and AFM observations where a fair number of MWCNTs diffused from the PC-rich phase to the PCL-rich phase, even though there were some MWCNTs agglomerates confined to PC-rich droplets. Standard DSC measurements demonstrated that the MWCNTs nucleation effects are saturated at a 1 wt % MWCNT concentration on the PCL-rich phase. This is consistent with the dielectric percolation threshold, which was found to be between 0.5 and 1 wt % MWCNTs. However, the nucleating efficiency was lower than literature reports for PCL/MWCNTs, due to limited phase mixing between the PC-rich and the PCL-rich phases. Isothermal crystallization experiments performed by DSC showed an increase in the overall crystallization kinetics of PCL with increases in MWCNTs as a result of their nucleating effect. Nevertheless, the crystallinity degree of the nanocomposite containing 4 wt % MWCNTs decreased by about 15% in comparison to neat PCL. This was attributed to the presence of the PC-rich phase, which was able to crystallize in view of the plasticization effect of the PCL component, since as the MWCNT content increases, the PC content in the blend also increases. The thermal conductivities (i.e., 4 wt % MWCNTs) were enhanced by 20% in comparison to the neat material. The nanocomposites prepared in this work could be employed in applications were electrical conductivity is required, as well as lightweight and tailored mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thandi P Gumede
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Private Bag X13, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa.
| | - Adriaan S Luyt
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Mohammad K Hassan
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ricardo A Pérez-Camargo
- Polymat and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Agnieszka Tercjak
- Group 'Materials + Technologies' (GMT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Alejandro J Müller
- Polymat and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
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19
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Muñoz J, Montes R, Baeza M. Trends in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy involving nanocomposite transducers: Characterization, architecture surface and bio-sensing. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Keteklahijani YZ, Arjmand M, Sundararaj U. Cobalt Catalyst Grown Carbon Nanotube/Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Nanocomposites: Effect of Synthesis Temperature on Morphology, Electrical Conductivity and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering; University of Calgary; Calgary, AB Canada T2 N 1 N4
| | - Uttandaraman Sundararaj
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering; University of Calgary; Calgary, AB Canada T2 N 1 N4
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21
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Enhancing water flux through semipermeable polybenzimidazole membranes by adding surfactant‐treated
CNT
s. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Role of the particle size polydispersity in the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube-epoxy composites. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12553. [PMID: 28970524 PMCID: PMC5624922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12857-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CTNs) with large aspect-ratios are extensively used to establish electrical connectedness in polymer melts at very low CNT loadings. However, the CNT size polydispersity and the quality of the dispersion are still not fully understood factors that can substantially alter the desired characteristics of CNT nanocomposites. Here we demonstrate that the electrical conductivity of polydisperse CNT-epoxy composites with purposely-tailored distributions of the nanotube length L is a quasiuniversal function of the first moment of L. This finding challenges the current understanding that the conductivity depends upon higher moments of the CNT length. We explain the observed quasiuniversality by a combined effect between the particle size polydispersity and clustering. This mechanism can be exploited to achieve controlled tuning of the electrical transport in general CNT nanocomposites.
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Liebscher M, Domurath J, Krause B, Saphiannikova M, Heinrich G, Pötschke P. Electrical and melt rheological characterization of PC and co-continuous PC/SAN blends filled with CNTs: Relationship between melt-mixing parameters, filler dispersion, and filler aspect ratio. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Liebscher
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, IPF), Hohe Str. 6; Dresden D-01069 Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden D-01062 Germany
| | - Jan Domurath
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, IPF), Hohe Str. 6; Dresden D-01069 Germany
- Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), Univ. Bretagne Sud, FRE CNRS 3744, IRDL; Lorient F-56100 France
| | - Beate Krause
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, IPF), Hohe Str. 6; Dresden D-01069 Germany
| | - Marina Saphiannikova
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, IPF), Hohe Str. 6; Dresden D-01069 Germany
| | - Gert Heinrich
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, IPF), Hohe Str. 6; Dresden D-01069 Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden D-01062 Germany
| | - Petra Pötschke
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, IPF), Hohe Str. 6; Dresden D-01069 Germany
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24
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Golzar K, Modarress H, Amjad-Iranagh S. Effect of pristine and functionalized single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes on CO 2 separation of mixed matrix membranes based on polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1): a molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Model 2017; 23:266. [PMID: 28823034 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations were conducted to investigate the transport properties of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen, and oxygen through pure and mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) based on polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1). For this purpose, first, 0.5 to 3 wt% of pristine single-walled carbon nanotube (p-SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (p-MWCNT) were embedded into the pure PIM-1, and then for better dispersion of CNT particles into the polymer matrix and to improve the performance of the resulting MMMs, polyethylene glycol (PEG) functionalized SWCNT and MWCNT (f-SWCNT and f-MWCNT, respectively) were loaded. The characterization of the obtained MMMs was carried out by using density, glass transition temperature, X-ray pattern, and fractional free volume calculations. Comparing the obtained results with the available reported experimental data, indicate the authenticity of the applied simulation approach. The simulation results exhibit that the pristine and PEG-functionalized CNT particles improve the transport properties such as diffusivity, solubility, and permeability of the PIM-1 membranes, without sacrificing their selectivity. Also, the MMMs incorporated with 2 wt% of the functionalized CNT particles indicate better performance for the CO2 separation from other gases. According to the calculated results, the highest permeability and diffusivity for CO2 are observed in the [PIM-1/f-SWCNT] MMM among the other membranes which represent that the loading of the f-SWCNTs can enhance the CO2 separation performance of PIM-1 more than other CNTs studied in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Golzar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Modarress
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Amjad-Iranagh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Nobile MR, Valentino O, Morcom M, Simon GP, Landi G, Neitzert HC. The effect of the nanotube oxidation on the rheological and electrical properties of CNT/HDPE nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rossella Nobile
- Department of Industrial Engineering - DIIn; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 - 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
| | - Olga Valentino
- Department of Industrial Engineering - DIIn; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 - 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
| | - Melanie Morcom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Monash University; Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - George P. Simon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Monash University; Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Giovanni Landi
- Department of Industrial Engineering - DIIn; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 - 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
| | - Heinz-Christoph Neitzert
- Department of Industrial Engineering - DIIn; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 - 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
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26
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Taraghi I, Fereidoon A, Paszkiewicz S, Roslaniec Z. Electrically conductive polycarbonate/ethylene-propylene copolymer/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites with improved mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Taraghi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Semnan University; Semnan 35131-19111 Iran
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering; West Pomeranian University of Technology; Szczecin, Piastow Av. 19 PL-70310 Poland
| | | | - Sandra Paszkiewicz
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering; West Pomeranian University of Technology; Szczecin, Piastow Av. 19 PL-70310 Poland
| | - Zbigniew Roslaniec
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering; West Pomeranian University of Technology; Szczecin, Piastow Av. 19 PL-70310 Poland
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27
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Zhong J, Isayev AI. Ultrasonically assisted compounding of CNT with polypropylenes of different molecular weights. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Waheed Q, Khan AN, Jan R. Investigating the reinforcement effect of few layer graphene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Galindo B, Benedito A, Ramos F, Gimenez E. Microwave heating of polymers: Influence of carbon nanotubes dispersion on the microwave susceptor effectiveness. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Galindo
- AIMPLAS Technological Institute of Polymers; Valencia Spain
| | | | - Fernando Ramos
- Instituto De Tecnología De Materiales; Universidad Politécnica De Valencia; Valencia 46022 Spain
| | - Enrique Gimenez
- Instituto De Tecnología De Materiales; Universidad Politécnica De Valencia; Valencia 46022 Spain
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30
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31
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Banerjee J, Panwar AS, Mukhopadhyay K, Saxena AK, Bhattacharyya AR. Deagglomeration of multi-walled carbon nanotubes via an organic modifier: structure and mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:25365-78. [PMID: 26358546 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03736k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the agglomeration behaviour of two types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs; N-MWNTs and D-MWNTs), which have different chemical functionalities, average diameter, varying extent of agglomeration and agglomerations. The properties were altered by varying the agglomerated structure. The strength of the MWNT agglomerates was estimated via nanoindentation. The work done to indent D-MWNT agglomerates (3910.3 × 10(-8) erg) was higher than for N-MWNTs agglomerates (2316.4 × 10(-8) erg). An organic modifier, the Li salt of 6-aminohexanoic acid (Li-AHA), was used to deagglomerate the MWNTs in an aqueous medium. The stability of the aqueous dispersion of Li-AHA-modified MWNTs was analyzed by UV-vis spectroscopy and zeta potential measurements. An increase in Li-AHA concentration increased the dispersion of MWNTs in the aqueous medium. Furthermore, the mechanism of dispersion of the two types of MWNTs in the aqueous medium in the presence of Li-AHA was determined based on the electrostatic charge repulsion between the negatively charged species. A fluorescence-activated cell sorting technique was used to assess the debundling of MWNT agglomerates in the aqueous medium. We examined the morphology-property relationship in Li-AHA-modified MWNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyita Banerjee
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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32
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Qi H, Schulz B, Vad T, Liu J, Mäder E, Seide G, Gries T. Novel Carbon Nanotube/Cellulose Composite Fibers As Multifunctional Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:22404-12. [PMID: 26378865 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Electroconductive fibers composed of cellulose and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were spun using aqueous alkaline/urea solution. The microstructure and physical properties of the resulting fibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, Raman microscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, tensile tests, and electrical resistance measurements. We found that these flexible composite fibers have sufficient mechanical properties and good electrical conductivity, with volume resistivities in the range of about 230-1 Ohm cm for 2-8 wt % CNT loading. The multifunctional sensing behavior of these fibers to tensile strain, temperature, environmental humidity, and liquid water was investigated comprehensively. The results show that these novel CNT/cellulose composite fibers have impressive multifunctional sensing abilities and are promising to be used as wearable electronics and for the design of various smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisong Qi
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden , Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Björn Schulz
- Institut für Textiltechnik der RWTH Aachen University , Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Vad
- Institut für Textiltechnik der RWTH Aachen University , Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jianwen Liu
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden , Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Edith Mäder
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden , Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gunnar Seide
- Institut für Textiltechnik der RWTH Aachen University , Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gries
- Institut für Textiltechnik der RWTH Aachen University , Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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33
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Thaithae W, Antonio C, Wattanachai P. Properties characterisation of polycarbonate and multi-walled carbon nanotubes composites prepared by solution technique. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wachirawut Thaithae
- Bayer Thai Company Limited; No.4-4/1, I-8 Road, Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate; Map Ta Phut, Muang Rayong 21150 Thailand
| | - Christian Antonio
- Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre, Sustainable Minerals Institute; University of Queensland; 40 Isles Road, Indooroopilly Brisbane Qld 4068 Australia
| | - Piyachat Wattanachai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Burapha University; 169 Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook, Muang Chonburi 20131 Thailand
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34
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Guo J, Briggs N, Crossley S, Grady BP. Morphology of polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends: Effects of carbon nanotubes aspect ratio and surface modification. AIChE J 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Guo
- Carbon Nanotube Technology Center (CANTEC) and the School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK 73019
| | - Nicholas Briggs
- Carbon Nanotube Technology Center (CANTEC) and the School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK 73019
| | - Steven Crossley
- Carbon Nanotube Technology Center (CANTEC) and the School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK 73019
| | - Brian P. Grady
- Carbon Nanotube Technology Center (CANTEC) and the School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK 73019
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35
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Dispersion of carbon nanotubes into polyethylene by an additive assisted one-step melt mixing approach. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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36
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Santos JPF, da Silva AB, Sundararaj U, Bretas RE. Novel electrical conductive hybrid nanostructures based on PA 6/MWCNTCOOH
electrospun nanofibers and anchored MWCNTCOOH. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Ferreira Santos
- Department of Materials Engineering; Universidade Federal de São Carlos; Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235 São Carlos SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Aline Bruna da Silva
- Department of Materials Engineering; Universidade Federal de São Carlos; Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235 São Carlos SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Uttandaraman Sundararaj
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering; University of Calgary Calgary; Alberta Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Rosario E.S. Bretas
- Department of Materials Engineering; Universidade Federal de São Carlos; Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235 São Carlos SP 13565-905 Brazil
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Che BD, Nguyen BQ, Nguyen LTT, Nguyen HT, Nguyen VQ, Van Le T, Nguyen NH. The impact of different multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the X-band microwave absorption of their epoxy nanocomposites. Chem Cent J 2015; 9:10. [PMID: 25763100 PMCID: PMC4353877 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-015-0087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbon nanotube (CNT) characteristics, besides the processing conditions, can change significantly the microwave absorption behavior of CNT/polymer composites. In this study, we investigated the influence of three commercial multi-walled CNT materials with various diameters and length-to-diameter aspect ratios on the X-band microwave absorption of epoxy nanocomposites with CNT contents from 0.125 to 2 wt%, prepared by two dispersion methods, i.e. in solution with surfactant-aiding and via ball-milling. Results The laser diffraction particle size and TEM analysis showed that both methods produced good dispersions at the microscopic level of CNTs. Both a high aspect ratio resulting in nanotube alignment trend and good infiltration of the matrix in the individual nanotubes, which was indicated by high Brookfield viscosities at low CNT contents of CNT/epoxy dispersions, are important factors to achieve composites with high microwave absorption characteristics. The multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) with the largest aspect ratio resulted in composites with the best X-band microwave absorption performance, which is considerably better than that of reported pristine CNT/polymer composites with similar or lower thicknesses and CNT loadings below 4 wt%. Conclusions A high aspect ratio of CNTs resulting in microscopic alignment trend of nanotubes as well as a good level of micro-scale CNT dispersion resulting from good CNT-matrix interactions are crucial to obtain effective microwave absorption performance. This study demonstrated that effective radar absorbing MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites having small matching thicknesses of 2–3 mm and very low filler contents of 0.25-0.5 wt%, with microwave energy absorption in the X-band region above 90% and maximum absorption peak values above 97%, could be obtained via simple processing methods, which is promising for mass production in industrial applications. Comparison of the X-band microwave reflection loss of epoxy composites of various commercial multi-walled carbon nanotube materials. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bien Dong Che
- National Key Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Bao Quoc Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Le-Thu T Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam National University, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ha Tran Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam National University, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam ; Materials Technology Key Laboratory (Mtlab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam National University, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Viet Quoc Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thang Van Le
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam National University, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam ; Materials Technology Key Laboratory (Mtlab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam National University, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nieu Huu Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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38
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Fabrication and properties of polycarbonate composites with polycarbonate grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes by reactive extrusion. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Ribeiro B, Botelho EC, Costa ML. Estudo das propriedades elétricas e térmicas de compósitos nanoestruturados de poli(sulfeto de fenileno) reforçados com nanotubos de carbono. POLIMEROS 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neste trabalho o comportamento de cristalização e a condutividade elétrica de compósitos nanoestruturados de poli(sulfeto de fenileno) reforçado com nanotubos de carbono de paredes múltiplas obtidos através da técnica de mistura em fusão foram estudados. A incorporação do nanoreforço na matriz polimérica foi responsável por um aumento da cristalinidade devido ao fenômeno de nucleação heterogênea. A condutividade elétrica do PPS apresentou um aumento de 11 ordens de magnitude quando 2,0 m/m% de MWCNT foram adicionados a matriz polimérica. Além disso, o limite de percolação elétrica encontrado para este sistema foi de 1,4 m/m% de MWCNT, revelando a formação de uma rede condutiva tridimensional no interior da matriz polimérica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brasil
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40
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Babal AS, Gupta R, Singh BP, Dhakate SR. Depression in glass transition temperature of multiwalled carbon nanotubes reinforced polycarbonate composites: effect of functionalization. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05825b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid functionalized MWCNTs/PC composites showed significant improvement in storage modulus upto 57% in glassy and 400% in rubbery region over pure polycarbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Singh Babal
- Physics and Engineering of Carbon
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi
- India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Physics and Engineering of Carbon
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi
- India
| | - Bhanu Pratap Singh
- Physics and Engineering of Carbon
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi
- India
| | - Sanjay R. Dhakate
- Physics and Engineering of Carbon
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi
- India
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41
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Mutiso RM, Winey KI. Electrical properties of polymer nanocomposites containing rod-like nanofillers. Prog Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Staudinger U, Krause B, Steinbach C, Pötschke P, Voit B. Dispersability of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in polycarbonate-chloroform solutions. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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43
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Enhanced electrical properties of polycarbonate/carbon nanotube nanocomposites prepared by a supercritical carbon dioxide aided melt blending method. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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44
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Tzounis L, Gärtner T, Liebscher M, Pötschke P, Stamm M, Voit B, Heinrich G. Influence of a cyclic butylene terephthalate oligomer on the processability and thermoelectric properties of polycarbonate/MWCNT nanocomposites. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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45
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Rui Y, Guo J, Harwell J, Nakanishi T, Kotera S, Grady BP. Electrical, mechanical, and crystallization properties of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Rui
- Department of Chemical; Biological and Materials Engineering and CANTEC; University of Oklahoma; Norman Oklahoma 73019
| | - Jiaxi Guo
- Department of Chemical; Biological and Materials Engineering and CANTEC; University of Oklahoma; Norman Oklahoma 73019
| | - Jeff Harwell
- Department of Chemical; Biological and Materials Engineering and CANTEC; University of Oklahoma; Norman Oklahoma 73019
| | - Tomoaki Nakanishi
- Polymer Material Technology Function, Research Center; Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.; Kanagawa-ku Yokohama 221-8755 Japan
| | - Seigo Kotera
- Polymer Material Technology Function, Research Center; Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.; Kanagawa-ku Yokohama 221-8755 Japan
| | - Brian P. Grady
- Department of Chemical; Biological and Materials Engineering and CANTEC; University of Oklahoma; Norman Oklahoma 73019
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46
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Moon D, Obrzut J, Douglas JF, Lam T, Koziol KK, Migler KB. Three dimensional cluster distributions in processed multi-wall carbon nanotube polymer composites. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Palacios J, Albano C, González G, Castillo RV, Karam A, Covis M. Characterization and thermal degradation kinetics of poly(l
-lactide) nanocomposites with carbon nanotubes. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Palacios
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Centro de Química; Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas. Apdo. 20632; Caracas 1020-A Venezuela
| | - Carmen Albano
- Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería; Universidad Central de Venezuela; Caracas Venezuela
| | - Gema González
- Laboratorio de Materiales, Centro de Ingeniería de Materiales y Nanotecnología; Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas. Apdo. 20632; Caracas 1020-A Venezuela
| | - Reina Verónica Castillo
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Centro de Química; Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas. Apdo. 20632; Caracas 1020-A Venezuela
| | - Arquímedes Karam
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Centro de Química; Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas. Apdo. 20632; Caracas 1020-A Venezuela
| | - María Covis
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Centro de Química; Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas. Apdo. 20632; Caracas 1020-A Venezuela
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48
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Zhang X, Qasim K, Hu S. Enhanced piezoresistance repeatability of carbon nanotube/silicane composites achieved using radiation-induced graft polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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49
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Monnereau L, Urbanczyk L, Thomassin JM, Alexandre M, Jérôme C, Huynen I, Bailly C, Detrembleur C. Supercritical CO2 and polycarbonate based nanocomposites: A critical issue for foaming. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Zhong J, Isayev AI, Huang K. Influence of ultrasonic treatment in PP/CNT composites using masterbatch dilution method. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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