1
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Djoulde A, He M, Liu X, Kong L, Zhao P, Rao J, Chen J, Meng L, Wang Z, Liu M. Electrical Activity and Extremes of Individual Suspended ZnO Nanowires for 3D Nanoelectronic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44433-44443. [PMID: 37682724 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
We explored the electrical activity and extremes inside individual suspended zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) (diameter: 50-550 nm, length: 5-50 μm) subjected to high forward bias-induced Joule heating using two-terminal current-voltage measurements. NWs were isolated using a reproducible nanometrology technique, employing a nanomanipulator inside a scanning electron microscope. Schottky behavior is observed between installed tips and ZnO NW. The suspended ZnO NWs exhibited an average electrical resistivity ρ (approximately 2.3 × 10-2 Ω cm) and a high electron density n (exceeding 1.89 × 1018 cm-3), comparable to that of InP NWs, GaN NWs, and InAs NWs (1018∼1019 cm-3), suggesting the potential to drive advancements in high-performance NW devices. A maximum breakdown current density (JBD) of ∼0.14 MA/cm2 and a maximum breakdown power density (PBD) of 6.93 mW/μm3 were obtained, both of which are higher than substrate-bound ZnO NWs and consistent with previously reported results obtained from probed ZnO NWs grown vertically on the substrate. Moreover, we discovered that NWs experienced thermal breakdown due to Joule heating and exploited this breakdown mechanism to further investigate the temperature distribution along the ZnO NWs, as well as its dependence on the electrical properties and thermal conductance of contact electrodes. Thermal conductance was determined to be ∼0.4 nW K-1 and ∼1.66 pW K-1 at the tungsten(W)-ZnO NW and platinum(Pt)-ZnO NW contacts, respectively. In addition, we measured the elastic modulus (130-171 GPa), which closely approximated bulk values. We also estimated the nanoindentation hardness to be between 5 and 10 GPa. This work provides valuable insights into the electrical activity and extreme mechanisms, thus providing a better understanding of the potentials and limitations associated with utilizing suspended NWs in 3D nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristide Djoulde
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Mengfan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lingdi Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jinjun Rao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lingjun Meng
- School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Shanxi 030051, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Lee SJ, Jung YJ, Cho C, Jang SH. Effect of Atmospheric Temperature on Epoxy Coating Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes for De-Icing on Road Systems. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2248. [PMID: 37570565 PMCID: PMC10420826 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Traffic accidents caused by road icing are a serious global problem, and conventional de-icing methods like spraying chemicals have several limitations, including excessive manpower management, road damage, and environmental pollution. In this study, the carbon nanotubes reinforced de-icing coating for the road system with a self-heating function was developed as part of the development of a new system to prevent accidents caused by road icing. The electrical characteristics of the fabricated coating were analyzed, and the carbon nanotube coating heating performance experiment was conducted to measure the temperature increments by applying a voltage to the coating at a sub-zero temperature using an environmental chamber. In addition, the coating was installed on the road pavement and the applicability was investigated through a heating test in winter. As a result of the experiment, the coating made with the higher carbon nanotube concentration presented higher heating owing to its higher electrical conductivity. In addition, the coating showed sufficient heating performance, although the maximum temperature by Joule heating decreased for the entire coating at sub-zero temperatures. Finally, field tests demonstrated the potential of electrically conductive coatings for de-icing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Jun Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Department of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chunhee Cho
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 98622, USA
| | - Sung-Hwan Jang
- Department of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
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3
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Upama S, Mikhalchan A, Arévalo L, Rana M, Pendashteh A, Green MJ, Vilatela JJ. Processing of Composite Electrodes of Carbon Nanotube Fabrics and Inorganic Matrices via Rapid Joule Heating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5590-5599. [PMID: 36648936 PMCID: PMC10848196 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Composites of nanocarbon network structures are interesting materials, combining mechanical properties and electrical conductivity superior to those of granular systems. Hence, they are envisaged to have applications as electrodes for energy storage and transfer. Here, we show a new processing route using Joule heating for a nanostructured network composite of carbon nanotube (CNT) fabrics and an inorganic phase (namely, MoS2), and then study the resulting structure and properties. To this end, first, a unidirectional fabric of conductive CNT bundles is electrochemically coated with MoS2. Afterward, the conformally coated inorganic phase is crystallized via heat generated by direct current passing through the CNT ensemble. The Joule heating process is rapid (maximum heating rate up to 31.7 °C/s), enables accurate temperature control, and takes only a few minutes. The resulting composite material combines a high electrical conductivity of up to 1.72 (±0.25) × 105 S/m, tensile modulus as high as 8.82 ± 5.5 GPa/SG, and an axial tensile strength up to 200 ± 58 MPa/SG. Both electrical and mechanical properties are orders of magnitude above those of wet-processed nanocomposites of similar composition. The extraordinary longitudinal properties stem from the network of interconnected and highly aligned CNT bundles. Conductivity and modulus follow approximately a rule of mixtures, similar to a continuous fiber composite, whereas strength scales almost quadratically with the mass fraction of the inorganic phase due to the inorganic constraining realignment of CNTs upon stretching. This processing route is applicable to a wide range of nanocarbon-based composites with inorganic phases, leading to composites with specific strength above steel and electrical conductivity beyond the threshold for electronic limitations in battery electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shegufta Upama
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas77843, United States
- IMDEA
Materials Institute, Getafe, Madrid28906, Spain
| | | | - Luis Arévalo
- IMDEA
Materials Institute, Getafe, Madrid28906, Spain
| | - Moumita Rana
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, University of Münster, Münster48149, Germany
| | | | - Micah J. Green
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas77843, United States
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas77843, United States
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4
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Shchegolkov AV, Shchegolkov AV, Zemtsova NV, Stanishevskiy YM, Vetcher AA. Changes in the Electrophysical Parameters of Nanomodified Elastomers Caused by Electric Current's Passage. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15010249. [PMID: 36616598 PMCID: PMC9823900 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of reliable and effective functional materials that can be used in various technological fields and environmental conditions is one of the goals of modern nanotechnology. Heating elements' manufacturing requires understanding the laws of heat transfer under conditions of different supply voltages, as this expands the possibilities of such materials' application. Elastomers based on silicon-organic compounds and polyurethane modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were studied at various concentrations of Ni/MgO or Co-Mo/MgO and voltages (220, 250, and 300 V). It was found that an increase in voltage from 220 to 300 V leads to an initial increase in specific power on one-third followed by a subsequent decrease in a specific power when switched on again to 220 V (for -40 °C) of up to ~44%. In turn, for a polyurethane matrix, an increase in voltage to 300 V leads to an initial peak power value of ~15% and a decrease in power when switched on again by 220 V (for -40 °C) to ~36% (Ni/MgO -MWCNT). The conducted studies have shown that the use of a polyurethane matrix reduces power degradation (associated with voltage surges above 220 V) by 2.59% for Ni/MgO-based MWCNT and by 10.42% for Co-Mo/MgO. This is due to the better heat resistance of polyurethane and the structural features of the polymer and the MWCNT. The current studies allow us to take the next step in the development of functional materials for electric heating and demonstrate the safety of using heaters at a higher voltage of up to 300 V, which does not lead to their ignition, but only causes changes in electrophysical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr V. Shchegolkov
- Institute of Technology of the Department of Technology and Methods of Nanoproducts Manufacturing, Tambov State Technical University, 392000 Tambov, Russia
| | - Aleksei V. Shchegolkov
- Department of Chemical Technology, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), 132 Enlightenment Str., 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Zemtsova
- Department of Technique and Technology for Obtaining Nanoproducts, Tambov State Technical University, 106 Sovetskaya St., 392000 Tambov, Russia
| | - Yaroslav M. Stanishevskiy
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology (IBTN), Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandre A. Vetcher
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology (IBTN), Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Complementary and Integrative Health Clinic of Dr. Shishonin, 5 Yasnogorskaya St., 117588 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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5
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Dayananda HM, Makari HK, Sreepad HR. Carboxylated CNTs‐polyvinyl fluoride based electrical film heaters with improved mechanical properties. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hakkimakki Manjegowda Dayananda
- Research and Development Centre Bharathiar University Coimbatore 641046 India
- Department of Physics Government Science College (Autonomous) Hasan 573201 India
| | | | - Holalkere RamachandraRao Sreepad
- Research and Development Centre Bharathiar University Coimbatore 641046 India
- Department of Physics Government College (Autonomous) Mandya 571401 India
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6
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Dayananda HM, Makari HK, Sreepad HR. Enhanced mechanical properties and self‐heating performance of
few‐layer graphene‐poly
vinylidene fluoride based nanocomposites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hakkimakki Manjegowda Dayananda
- Research and Development Centre Bharathiar University Coimbatore India
- Department of Physics Government Science College (Autonomous) Hasan India
| | | | - Holalkere RamachandraRao Sreepad
- Research and Development Centre Bharathiar University Coimbatore India
- Department of Physics Government College (Autonomous) Mandya India
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7
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Vashisth A, Upama ST, Anas M, Oh JH, Patil N, Green MJ. Radio frequency heating and material processing using carbon susceptors. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5255-5264. [PMID: 36132636 PMCID: PMC9419054 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have been shown to rapidly evolve heat in response to electromagnetic fields. Initial studies focused on the use of microwaves, but more recently, it was discovered that carbon nanomaterial systems heat in response to electric fields in the radio frequency range (RF, 1-200 MHz). This is an exciting development because this range of radio frequencies is safe and versatile compared to microwaves. Additional RF susceptor materials include other carbonaceous materials such as carbon black, graphite, graphene oxide, laser-induced graphene, and carbon fibers. Such conductive fillers can be dispersed in matrices such as polymer or ceramics; these composites heat rapidly when stimulated by electromagnetic waves. These findings are valuable for materials processing, where volumetric and/or targeted heating are needed, such as curing composites, bonding multi-material surfaces, additive manufacturing, chemical reactions, actuation, and medical ablation. By changing the loading of these conductive RF susceptors in the embedding medium, material properties can be customized to achieve different heating rates, with possible other benefits in thermo-mechanical properties. Compared to traditional heating and processing methods, RF heating provides faster heating rates with lower infrastructure requirements and better energy efficiency; non-contact RF applicators or capacitors can be used for out-of-oven processing, allowing for distributed manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddh Vashisth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Shegufta T Upama
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | - Muhammad Anas
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | - Ju-Hyun Oh
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | - Nutan Patil
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | - Micah J Green
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
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8
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Continuous stabilization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) - carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers by Joule heating. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Lu M, Arias-Monje PJ, Ramachandran J, Gulgunje PV, Luo J, Kirmani MH, Meredith C, Kumar S. Stabilization of polyacrylonitrile fibers with carbon nanotubes. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Rheological behavior and fiber spinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/Carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersions at high CNT loading. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Arias-Monje PJ, Lu M, Ramachandran J, Kirmani MH, Kumar S. Processing, structure and properties of polyacrylonitrile fibers with 15 weight percent single wall carbon nanotubes. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Bocharov GS, Eletskii AV. Percolation Conduction of Carbon Nanocomposites. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207634. [PMID: 33076446 PMCID: PMC7589846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanocomposites present a new class of nanomaterials in which conducting carbon nanoparticles are a small additive to a non-conducting matrix. A typical example of such composites is a polymer matrix doped with carbon nanotubes (CNT). Due to a high aspect ratio of CNTs, inserting rather low quantity of nanotubes (on the level of 0.01%) results in the percolation transition, which causes the enhancement in the conductivity of the material by 10-12 orders of magnitude. Another type of nanocarbon composite is a film produced as a result of reduction of graphene oxide (GO). Such a film is consisted of GO fragments whose conductivity is determined by the degree of reduction. A distinctive peculiarity of both types of nanocomposites relates to the dependence of the conductivity of those materials on the applied voltage. Such a behavior is caused by a non-ideal contact between neighboring carbon nanoparticles incorporated into the composite. The resistance of such a contact depends sharply on the electrical field strength and therefore on the distance between neighboring nanoparticles. Experiments demonstrating non-linear, non-Ohmic behavior of both above-mentioned types of carbon nanocomposites are considered in the present article. There has been a model description presented of such a behavior based on the quasi-classical approach to the problem of electron tunneling through the barrier formed by the electric field. The calculation results correspond qualitatively to the available experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorii S. Bocharov
- Institute of Thermal and Nuclear Power Engineering, National Research University MPEI, 111250 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexander V. Eletskii
- Institute of Thermal and Nuclear Power Engineering, National Research University MPEI, 111250 Moscow, Russia;
- Joint Institute of High Temperatures RAS, 125412 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Yum SG, Yin H, Jang SH. Toward Multi-Functional Road Surface Design with the Nanocomposite Coating of Carbon Nanotube Modified Polyurethane: Lab-Scale Experiments. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101905. [PMID: 32987776 PMCID: PMC7598631 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A novel multi-functional road surface system is designed to improve safety, the efficiency of traffic flow, and environmental sustainability for future transportation systems. The surface coating, preforming temperature detection with heating element and hydrophobic features, were fabricated with a nanocomposite consisting of carbon nanotube (CNT) modified polyurethane (PU). The CNT/PU coating showed higher electrical conductivity as well as enhanced hydrophobic properties as the CNT concentration increased. The multifunctional properties of CNT/PU coatings were investigated for use in freezing temperature sensing and heating. The CNT/PU coatings showed high temperature sensitivity in the freezing temperature range with a negative temperature coefficient of resistance. In addition, the CNT/PU coatings had excellent heating performance due to the Joule heating effect. Therefore, the proposed CNT/PU coatings are promising for use as multifunctional road coating materials for detection of freezing temperature and deicing by self-heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Guk Yum
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea;
| | - Huiming Yin
- Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Sung-Hwan Jang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-31-400-5183
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14
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Lu M, Gulgunje PV, Arias‐Monje PJ, Luo J, Ramachandran J, Sahoo Y, Agarwal S, Kumar S. Structure, properties, and applications of polyacrylonitrile/carbon nanotube (
CNT
) fibers at low
CNT
loading. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Lu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Prabhakar V. Gulgunje
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Pedro J. Arias‐Monje
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Jeffrey Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Jyotsna Ramachandran
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
| | | | | | - Satish Kumar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
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15
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Zhang S, Ma Y, Suresh L, Hao A, Bick M, Tan SC, Chen J. Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Strong Carbon Matrix Composites. ACS NANO 2020; 14:9282-9319. [PMID: 32790347 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
As an excellent candidate for lightweight structural materials and nonmetal electrical conductors, carbon nanotube reinforced carbon matrix (CNT/C) composites have potential use in technologies employed in aerospace, military, and defense endeavors, where the combinations of light weight, high strength, and excellent conductivity are required. Both polymer infiltration pyrolysis (PIP) and chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) methods have been widely studied for CNT/C composite fabrications with diverse focuses and various modifications. Progress has been reported to optimize the performance of CNT/C composites from broad aspects, including matrix densification, CNT alignment, microstructure control, and interface engineering, etc. Recent approaches, such as using resistance heating for PIP or CVI, contribute to the development of CNT/C composites. To deliver a timely and up-to-date overview of CNT/C composites, we have reviewed the most recent trends in fabrication processes, summarized the mechanical reinforcement mechanism, and discussed the electrical and thermal properties, as well as relevant case studies for high-temperature applications. Conclusions and perspectives addressing future routes for performance optimization are also presented. Hence, this review serves as a rundown of recent advances in CNT/C composites and will be a valuable resource to aid future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yan Ma
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, School of Textiles and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P.R. China
| | - Lakshmi Suresh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117574
| | - Ayou Hao
- High-Performance Materials Institute, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Michael Bick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Swee Ching Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117574
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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16
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Moseenkov SI, Zavorin AV, Ishchenko AV, Serkova AN, Selyutin AG, Kuznetsov VL. Using Current-Voltage Characteristics to Control the Structure of Contacts in Polyethylene Based Composites Modified by Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476620040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Ko EB, Lee DE, Yoon KB. Electrically Conductive Nanocomposites Composed of Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymer and rGO via Free-Radical Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1221. [PMID: 32471120 PMCID: PMC7362241 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymerizable reduced graphene oxide (mRGO) grafted styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer composites were prepared via free radical polymerization. The graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was reacted with 3-(tri-methoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate (MPS) and used as monomer to graft styrene and acrylonitrile on its surface. The successful modification and reduction of GO was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), Raman and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mRGO was prepared using chemical and solvothermal reduction methods. The effect of the reduction method on the composite properties and nanosheet distribution in the polymer matrix was studied. The thermal stability, electrical conductivity and morphology of nanocomposites were studied. The electrical conductivity of the obtained nanocomposite was very high at 0.7 S/m. This facile free radical polymerization provides a convenient route to achieve excellent dispersion and electrically conductive polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bin Ko
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Dong-Eun Lee
- School of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Keun-Byoung Yoon
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
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18
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Chen S, Qiu L, Cheng HM. Carbon-Based Fibers for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2811-2878. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Chen
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Sciences, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, England
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Songlin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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20
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Xu X, Xie S, Zhang Y, Peng H. The Rise of Fiber Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13643-13653. [PMID: 30986329 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
As a new direction in applied chemistry, fiber electronics allow device configuration to evolve from three to two dimensions and then to one dimension. The reduction in dimension brings unique properties, such as ultraflexibility, tissue adaptability, and weavability, enabling their use in a variety of applications, particularly in various emerging fields related to implantable devices and wearable systems. The different types of fiber electrode materials are summarized based on the one-dimensional configuration and their distinctive interfaces, various devices, and promising applications. The remaining challenges and future directions are finally highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Songlin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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21
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A Simple Two-Step Process for Producing Strong and Aligned Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/c5030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the results of a study related to fabrication of polymer-aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) composites made with different thermoplastic polymers. These composites have been manufactured by employing a simple two-step process using the internal resistive heating approach. The resulting composites have shown improved tensile strength, load, and elastic modulus compared to pristine CNT sheets. Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-CNT, UltemTM-CNT and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-CNT composites showed an increase in tensile strength by as much as 41%, 77% and 86% respectively over pristine CNT sheets. The improvement in tensile strength is the result of a good adhesion achieved between the aligned CNTs and polymer as observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
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22
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A high molecular weight acrylonitrile copolymer prepared by mixed solvents polymerization: II. effect of DMSO/water ratios on polymerization and stabilization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-1103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Joule effect self-heating of epoxy composites reinforced with graphitic nanofillers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-1092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Smith MK, Singh V, Kalaitzidou K, Cola BA. High Thermal and Electrical Conductivity of Template Fabricated P3HT/MWCNT Composite Nanofibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:14788-14794. [PMID: 27200459 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous alumina membranes are filled with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and then poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) melt, resulting in nanofibers with nanoconfinement induced coalignment of both MWCNT and polymer chains. The simple sonication process proposed here can achieve vertically aligned arrays of P3HT/MWCNT composite nanofibers with 3 wt % to 55 wt % MWCNT content, measured using thermogravimetric methods. Electrical and thermal transport in the composite nanofibers improves drastically with increasing carbon nanotube content where nanofiber thermal conductivity peaks at 4.7 ± 1.1 Wm(-1)K(-1) for 24 wt % MWCNT and electrical percolation occurs once 20 wt % MWCNT content is surpassed. This is the first report of the thermal conductivity of template fabricated composite nanofibers and the first proposed processing technique to enable template fabrication of composite nanofibers with high filler content and long aspect ratio fillers, where enhanced properties can also be realized on the macroscale due to vertical alignment of the nanofibers. These materials are interesting for thermal management applications due to their high thermal conductivity and temperature stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Smith
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Virendra Singh
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kyriaki Kalaitzidou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Baratunde A Cola
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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25
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Choi KE, Park CH, Seo MK. Electrical and Resistance Heating Properties of Carbon Fiber Heating Element for Car Seat. APPLIED CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.14478/ace.2016.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Chai X, Mi H, Zhu C, He C, Xu J, Zhou X, Liu J. Low-temperature thermal stabilization of polyacrylontrile-based precursor fibers towards efficient preparation of carbon fibers with improved mechanical properties. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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