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Siragusa F, Crane L, Stiernet P, Habets T, Grignard B, Monbaliu JCM, Detrembleur C. Continuous Flow Synthesis of Functional Isocyanate-Free Poly(oxazolidone)s by Step-Growth Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:644-650. [PMID: 38717381 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Flow chemistry presents many advantages over batch processes for the fast and continuous production of polymers under more robust, safer, and easily scalable conditions. Although largely exploited for chain-growth polymerizations, it has rarely been applied to step-growth polymerizations (SGP) due to their inherent limitations. Here, we report the facile and fast preparation of an emerging class of nonisocyanate polyurethanes, i.e., CO2-based poly(oxazolidone)s, by SGP in continuous flow reactors. Importantly, we also demonstrate that functional poly(oxazolidone)s are easily prepared by telescoping a flow module where SGP occurs with reagents able to simultaneously promote two polymer derivatizations in a second module, i.e., dehydration followed by cationic thiol-ene to yield poly(N,S-acetal oxazolidone)s. The functional polymer is produced at a high rate and functionalization degree, without requiring the isolation of any intermediates. This work demonstrates the enormous potential of flow technology for the facile and fast continuous production of functional polymers by SGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Siragusa
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lionel Crane
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis (CiTOS), MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Stiernet
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Habets
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- FRITCO2T Platform, CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe M Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis (CiTOS), MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- WEL Research Institute, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- WEL Research Institute, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
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2
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Bakkali-Hassani C, Hooker JP, Voorter PJ, Rubens M, Cameron NR, Junkers T. One-Pot Multifunctional Polyesters by Continuous Flow Organocatalysed Ring-Opening Polymerisation for Targeted and Tunable Materials Design. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeted and tunable access to biodegradable polymers will be vital for their continued adoption and use in modern materials applications. Herein we report a platform for the synthesis of well-defined,...
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Cheng K, Lu S, Wang K, Luo G. Green and sustainable synthesis of poly(δ-valerolactone) with a TBD catalyzed ring-opening polymerization reaction. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00434d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A green and sustainable method is proposed for the TBD catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of δ-valerolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cheng
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shiyao Lu
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Yeo J, Woo J, Choi S, Kwon K, Lee JK, Kim M. Comprehensive studies of continuous flow reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer copolymerization and its application for photoimaging materials. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00542e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thorough studies of RAFT copolymerization in a continuous flow to gain deeper insights into kinetics, reactivity, and applicability were conducted with monomers and solvents utilizable for chemically amplified resist systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeong Yeo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Woo
- Program in Environment and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeon Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoung Kwon
- Program in Environment and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyun Lee
- Program in Environment and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungwoong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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5
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Den Haese M, Gemoets HPL, Van Aken K, Pitet LM. Fully biobased triblock copolymers generated using an unconventional oscillatory plug flow reactor. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00600f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Producing block polymers in continuous flow offers significant advantages in terms of versatility, efficiency and scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Den Haese
- Advanced Functional Polymers Laboratory, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Koen Van Aken
- Creaflow B.V., Industrielaan 12, 9800 Deinze, Belgium
| | - Louis M. Pitet
- Advanced Functional Polymers Laboratory, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
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6
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Reis MH, Leibfarth FA, Pitet LM. Polymerizations in Continuous Flow: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Diverse Polymeric Materials. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:123-133. [PMID: 35638663 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The number of reports using continuous flow technology in tubular reactors to perform precision polymerizations has grown enormously in recent years. Flow polymerizations allow highly efficient preparation of polymers exhibiting well-defined molecular characteristics, and has been applied to a slew of monomers and various polymerization mechanisms, including anionic, cationic, radical, and ring-opening. Polymerization conducted in continuous flow offers several distinct advantages, including improved efficiency, reproducibility, and enhanced safety for exothermic polymerizations using highly toxic components, high pressures, and high temperatures. The further development of this technology is thus of relevance for many industrial polymerization processes. While much progress has been demonstrated in recent years, opportunities remain for increasing the compositional and architectural complexity of polymeric materials synthesized in a continuous fashion. Extending the reactor processing principles that have heretofore been focused on optimizing homopolymerization to include multisegment block copolymers, particularly from monomers that propagate via incompatible mechanisms, represents a major challenge and coveted target for continuous flow polymerization. Likewise, the spatial and temporal control of reactivity afforded by flow chemistry has and will continue to enable the production of complex polymeric architectures. This Viewpoint offers a brief background of continuous flow polymerization focused primarily on tubular (micro)reactors and includes selected examples that are relevant to these specific developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus H. Reis
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Frank A. Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Louis M. Pitet
- Advanced Polymer Functionalization Group, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
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De Risi C, Bortolini O, Brandolese A, Di Carmine G, Ragno D, Massi A. Recent advances in continuous-flow organocatalysis for process intensification. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00076k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The progresses on continuous-flow organocatalysis from 2016 to early 2020 are reviewed with focus on transition from batch to flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela De Risi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | | | | | - Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
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Liu Y, Zhu N, Hu X, Huang W, Wu J, Bin X, Qiu J, Duan J, Fang Z, Guo K. Continuous flow rare earth phenolates catalyzed chemoselective ring-opening polymerization. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.115290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Lin B, Hedrick JL, Park NH, Waymouth RM. Programmable High-Throughput Platform for the Rapid and Scalable Synthesis of Polyester and Polycarbonate Libraries. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8921-8927. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Binhong Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - James L. Hedrick
- IBM Research-Almaden, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Nathaniel H. Park
- IBM Research-Almaden, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Robert M. Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Reis MH, Varner TP, Leibfarth FA. The Influence of Residence Time Distribution on Continuous-Flow Polymerization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus H. Reis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Travis P. Varner
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Frank A. Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Anionic Polymerization Using Flow Microreactors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 24:molecules24081532. [PMID: 31003462 PMCID: PMC6514773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Flow microreactors are expected to make a revolutionary change in chemical synthesis involving various fields of polymer synthesis. In fact, extensive flow microreactor studies have opened up new possibilities in polymer chemistry including cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization, radical polymerization, coordination polymerization, polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization. This review provides an overview of flow microreactors in anionic polymerization and their various applications.
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12
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Lu S, Wang K. Kinetic study of TBD catalyzed δ-valerolactone polymerization using a gas-driven droplet flow reactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00046a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction kinetics of 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) catalyzed δ-valerolactone polymerization was determined using a gas-driven droplet reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Lu
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Kai Wang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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Zhu N, Huang W, Hu X, Liu Y, Fang Z, Guo K. Enzymatic Continuous Flow Synthesis of Thiol-Terminated Poly(δ-Valerolactone) and Block Copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700807. [PMID: 29450925 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thiol-terminated poly(δ-valerolactone) is directly synthesized via enzymatic 6-mercapto-1-hexanol initiated ring-opening polymerization in both batch and microreactor. By using Candida antartica Lipase B immobilized tubular reactor, narrowly dispersed poly(δ-valerolactone) with higher thiol fidelity is more efficiently prepared in contrast to the batch reactor. Moreover, the integrated enzyme packed tubular reactor system is established to perform the chain extension experiments. Thiol-terminated poly(δ-valerolactone)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(δ-valerolactone) are easily prepared by modulating the monomer introduction sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Yihuan Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
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Veneral JG, de Oliveira D, Ferreira SR, Oliveira JV. Continuous enzymatic synthesis of polycaprolactone in packed bed reactor using pressurized fluids. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Peng J, Tian C, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Zhu X. The in situ formation of nanoparticles via RAFT polymerization-induced self-assembly in a continuous tubular reactor. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py02133f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic poly(poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PPEGMA-b-PMMA) diblock copolymer nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) at 70 °C in a continuous tubular reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Peng
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
| | - Chun Tian
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
| | - Lifen Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
| | - Zhenping Cheng
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
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Abstract
This minireview briefly highlights recent important progress, challenge and the future outlook for continuous flow ring-opening polymerizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211800
- China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211800
- China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211800
- China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211800
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
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Zhu N, Liu Y, Feng W, Huang W, Zhang Z, Hu X, Fang Z, Li Z, Guo K. Continuous flow protecting-group-free synthetic approach to thiol-terminated poly(ε-caprolactone). Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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