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Kumar V, Alam MN, Yewale MA, Park SS. Multifunctional Aspects of Mechanical and Electromechanical Properties of Composites Based on Silicone Rubber for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2058. [PMID: 39065375 PMCID: PMC11281235 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Energy harvesting systems fabricated from rubber composite materials are promising due to their ability to produce green energy with no environmental pollution. Thus, the present work investigated energy harvesting through piezoelectricity using rubber composites. These composites were fabricated by mixing titanium carbide (TiC) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as reinforcing and electrically conductive fillers into a silicone rubber matrix. Excellent mechanical and electromechanical properties were produced by these composites. For example, the compressive modulus was 1.55 ± 0.08 MPa (control) and increased to 1.95 ± 0.07 MPa (6 phr or per hundred parts of rubber of TiC) and 2.02 ± 0.09 MPa (6 phr of MoS2). Similarly, the stretchability was 133 ± 7% (control) and increased to 153 ± 9% (6 phr of TiC) and 165 ± 12% (6 phr of MoS2). The reinforcing efficiency (R.E.) and reinforcing factor (R.F.) were also determined theoretically. These results agree well with those of the mechanical property tests and thus validate the experimental work. Finally, the electromechanical tests showed that at 30% strain, the output voltage was 3.5 mV (6 phr of TiC) and 6.7 mV (6 phr of MoS2). Overall, the results show that TiC and MoS2 added to silicone rubber lead to robust and versatile composite materials. These composite materials can be useful in achieving higher energy generation, high stretchability, and optimum stiffness and are in line with existing theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sang-Shin Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (V.K.); (M.N.A.); (M.A.Y.)
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Kumar V, Alam MN, Park SS. Review of Recent Progress on Silicone Rubber Composites for Multifunctional Sensor Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1841. [PMID: 39000697 PMCID: PMC11244113 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The latest progress (the year 2021-2024) on multifunctional sensors based on silicone rubber is reported. These multifunctional sensors are useful for real-time monitoring through relative resistance, relative current change, and relative capacitance types. The present review contains a brief overview and literature survey on the sensors and their multifunctionalities. This contains an introduction to the different functionalities of these sensors. Following the introduction, the survey on the types of filler or rubber and their fabrication are briefly described. The coming section deals with the fabrication methodology of these composites where the sensors are integrated. The special focus on mechanical and electro-mechanical properties is discussed. Electro-mechanical properties with a special focus on response time, linearity, and gauge factor are reported. The next section of this review reports the filler dispersion and its role in influencing the properties and applications of these sensors. Finally, various types of sensors are briefly reported. These sensors are useful for monitoring human body motions, breathing activity, environment or breathing humidity, organic gas sensing, and, finally, smart textiles. Ultimately, the study summarizes the key takeaway from this review article. These conclusions are focused on the merits and demerits of the sensors and are followed by their future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Najib Alam
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Shin Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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Feng J, Ao H, Cao P, Yang T, Xing B. Flexible tactile sensors with interlocking serrated structures based on stretchable multiwalled carbon nanotube/silver nanowire/silicone rubber composites. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13934-13943. [PMID: 38686300 PMCID: PMC11056684 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00381k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Flexible tactile sensors have attracted significant interest because of their application scope in the fields of biomedicine, motion detection, and human-computer interaction. However, the development of tactile sensors with high sensitivity and flexibility remains a critical challenge. This study develops a patterned, stretchable, and fully elastomeric multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/silver nanowire (Ag NW)/silicone rubber (SR) composite. The addition of Ag NWs to MWCNTs enhances the transmission path of the conductive network, yielding a CNT/Ag NW/SR composite with a sensitivity coefficient of 40. This characteristic renders it suitable for use as a piezoresistive sensing material. The interlocking sawtooth structure can convert the mechanical stimuli of the sensor to the tensile strain of the composite, thereby enhancing its sensitivity and flexibility. Experimental results indicate that the developed tactile sensor exhibited a sensitivity of 2.82 N-1 at 0-0.5 N and 1.51 N-1 at 0.5-2 N. These haptic sensors also demonstrate good dynamic response, repeatability, and long life. Furthermore, experimental results show that these haptic sensors exhibit high reproducibility, fast dynamic response, and good mechanical and electrical stability. Because of these exceptional properties, the as-prepared sensor can be applied in the development of smart robots, prosthetics, and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Feng
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University Jiaxing 314001 China
| | - Hezheng Ao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Peng Cao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Tao Yang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Bo Xing
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314000 China
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Hameed YAS, Alamrani NA, Sallam S, Ibarhiam SF, Almahri A, Alorabi AQ, El-Metwaly NM. Development of photoluminescent viscose fibers integrated with polymer containing lanthanide-doped phosphor. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:591-601. [PMID: 38009361 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Smart clothing refers to textiles that can sense an external stimulus by changing their physical properties such as colorimetric and fluorescent fabrics. The pad-dry-curing coloration approach was used to apply a luminous and hydrophobic composite coating onto cellulose-based materials. This novel method includes incorporating phosphor nanoparticles made from lanthanide-doped strontium aluminum oxide (LSAO) into room temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber (RTV). The LSAO nano-sized particles (3-8 nm) must be mixed evenly throughout RTV without aggregation to allow for the formation of a colorless layer onto viscose surface. Pad-dry-curing the film onto viscose cloth worked well at room temperature. The contact angles of the luminous fibers enhanced from 138.6° to 158.2° as the LSAO ratio increased. The antimicrobial and ultraviolet (UV) protection of the LSAO-finished viscose were investigated. The transparent fluorescent film on viscose surface was excited at 367 nm to display an emission peak at 518 nm. According to CIE Lab coordinates and luminescence analyses, the fluorescent viscose fibers showed various colors, including white under visible light, intense green beneath UV device, and greenish-yellow under darkness. The comfort properties of the LSAO-finished viscose were assessed by measuring their bend length and permeability to air. Transmission electron microscopic analysis of LSAO nanoparticles was explored. Energy dispersive x-ray, x-ray fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy were utilized to describe the spectroscopic outcomes of the treated textiles. The colorfastness of the LSAO-finished viscose fabrics was examined. The coated fabrics exhibited a non-fatigable reversible luminous photochromism in response to UV illumination. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Multifunctional LSAO@RTV nanocomposite was pad-dry-cured onto viscose textile. Photochromism to green under UV light and greenish-yellow in the dark was detected. Efficient antimicrobial, UV protective, and superhydrophobic activity were observed. The antimicrobial properties were maintained for 24 washing cycles. Pad-dry-cured viscose showed good comfortability and photostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen A S Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser A Alamrani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Sallam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saham F Ibarhiam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albandary Almahri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Q Alorabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M El-Metwaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Ananthasubramanian P, Sahay R, Raghavan N. Enhancement of the mechanical properties in ultra-low weight SWCNT sandwiched PDMS composites using a novel stacked architecture. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4487. [PMID: 38396000 PMCID: PMC10891152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on enhancing the mechanical properties of thin, soft, free-standing films via a layer-by-layer (LBL) fabrication process called LBL-FP. Soft polymer nanocomposite (PNC) thin films, combining polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) at ultra-low loadings using a unique bottom-up LBL-FP, are examined. Two different structures of layered composites, (i) LBL PNCs- Layered composites with alternating layers of PDMS and SWCNT, (ii) Bulk PNCs- Layered composites with SWCNT dispersed in the bulk of PDMS, are comparatively investigated for their structural and mechanical properties. Silane-functionalized SWCNT strengthens the chemical bonding with PDMS, improving adhesion and dispersion. Mechanical analysis using nanoindentation, delamination, and dynamic analysis highlights the advantages of LBL PNCs with alternating layers of PDMS and SWCNT. Notably, LBL PNC (0.5 wt%) exhibits significant improvements, such as 2.6X increased nanoindentation resistance, 3X improved viscoelasticity, and (2-5)X enhanced tensile properties in comparison with neat PDMS. Due to this, LBL PNCs offer potential for soft, lightweight applications like wearables, electromagnetic interference shielding materials, and strain sensors while advancing composite thin film mechanics. The study emphasizes using a stacked architecture to produce PDMS-SWCNT multilayered PNCs with improved mechanics utilizing ultra-low concentrations of SWCNT. This first-of-its-kind stack design facilitates possibilities for lightweight composites utilizing less fillers. The LBL assembly involves the stacking of alternating layers of different materials, each contributing specific properties to enhance the overall strength and toughness of the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Ananthasubramanian
- nano-Macro Reliability Laboratory (nMRL), Engineering Product Development (EPD) Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Rahul Sahay
- nano-Macro Reliability Laboratory (nMRL), Engineering Product Development (EPD) Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Nagarajan Raghavan
- nano-Macro Reliability Laboratory (nMRL), Engineering Product Development (EPD) Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore.
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Kumar V, Alam MN, Yewale MA, Park SS. Modulating the Configurations of "Gel-Type" Soft Silicone Rubber for Electro-Mechanical Energy Generation Behavior in Wearable Electronics. Gels 2023; 9:686. [PMID: 37754367 PMCID: PMC10529220 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Electro-mechanical configurations can be piezo-electric transducers, triboelectric generators, electromagnetic induction, or hybrid systems. Our present study aims at developing energy generation through the piezoelectric principle. Gel-type soft SR with Shore A hardness below 30 was used as a versatile material for an elastomeric substrate. Also, multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and diatomaceous earth (DE) were used as reinforcing fillers. This "gel-type" soft SR has crosslinking polymer networks with silicone encapsulated within its structure. Mechanical properties such as modulus or stretchability are of utmost importance for such devices based on "gel-type" soft. From the experiments, some of the mechanical aspect's values are summarized. For example, the stretchability was 99% (control) and changes to 127% (3 phr, MWCNT), 76% (20 phr DE), and 103% (20 phr hybrid). From electro-mechanical tests, the output voltage was 0.21 mV (control) and changed to 0.26 mV (3 phr, MWCNT), 0.19 mV (20 phr DE), and 0.29 mV (20 phr hybrid). Moreover, from real-time biomechanical human motion tests in "gel-type" soft-based composites, a relationship among output voltage from machine to human motions was established. Overall, these configurations make them promising against traditional portable devices such as batteries for small power applications such as mobile phones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sang-Shin Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (V.K.); (M.N.A.); (M.A.Y.)
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Huang LZ, Song K, Yang CW, Han JJ, Yang TT, Xu JZ, Sun GA, Li ZM, Liu D. Elongation induced demonstration of the fraction dependent filler network structures in silicone rubber: An in situ SAXS study. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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8
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Kumar V, Alam MN, Azam S, Manikkavel A, Park S. The tough and multi‐functional stretchable device based on silicone rubber composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.6036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- School of Mechanical Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
| | - Md Najib Alam
- School of Mechanical Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
| | - Siraj Azam
- School of Mechanical Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang‐Shin Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
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9
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Core–shell carbon nanotubes/cobalt copper hydroxide hybrid/silicone rubber composite: flame retardancy and antistatic properties. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-023-01145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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10
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Avant-Garde Polymer and Nano-Graphite-Derived Nanocomposites—Versatility and Implications. Mol Vis 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/c9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphite (stacked graphene layers) has been modified in several ways to enhance its potential properties/utilities. One approach is to convert graphite into a unique ‘nano-graphite’ form. Nano-graphite consists of few-layered graphene, multi-layered graphene, graphite nanoplatelets, and other graphene aggregates. Graphite can be converted to nano-graphite using physical and chemical methods. Nano-graphite, similar to graphite, has been reinforced in conducting polymers/thermoplastics/rubbery matrices to develop high-performance nanocomposites. Nano-graphite and polymer/nano-graphite nanomaterials have characteristics that are advantageous over those of pristine graphitic materials. This review basically highlights the essential features, design versatilities, and applications of polymer/nano-graphite nanocomposites in solar cells, electromagnetic shielding, and electronic devices.
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Zhou X, Cao W. Flexible and Stretchable Carbon-Based Sensors and Actuators for Soft Robots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:316. [PMID: 36678069 PMCID: PMC9864711 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the emergence of low-dimensional carbon-based materials, such as carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, together with the advances in materials science, have greatly enriched the variety of flexible and stretchable electronic devices. Compared with conventional rigid devices, these soft robotic sensors and actuators exhibit remarkable advantages in terms of their biocompatibility, portability, power efficiency, and wearability, thus creating myriad possibilities of novel wearable and implantable tactile sensors, as well as micro-/nano-soft actuation systems. Interestingly, not only are carbon-based materials ideal constituents for photodetectors, gas, thermal, triboelectric sensors due to their geometry and extraordinary sensitivity to various external stimuli, but they also provide significantly more precise manipulation of the actuators than conventional centimeter-scale pneumatic and hydraulic robotic actuators, at a molecular level. In this review, we summarize recent progress on state-of-the-art flexible and stretchable carbon-based sensors and actuators that have creatively added to the development of biomedicine, nanoscience, materials science, as well as soft robotics. In the end, we propose the future potential of carbon-based materials for biomedical and soft robotic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhou
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenhan Cao
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy Efficient and Custom AI IC, Shanghai 201210, China
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12
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Boronic ester-based vitrimeric methylvinyl silicone elastomer with “solid-liquid” feature and rate-dependent mechanical performance. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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13
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Choe G, Tang X, Wang R, Wu K, Jin Jeong Y, Kyu An T, Hyun Kim S, Mi L. Printing of self-healable gelatin conductors engineered for improving physical and electrical functions: Exploring potential application in soft actuators and sensors. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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del Bosque A, Sánchez-Romate XF, Sánchez M, Ureña A. Easy-Scalable Flexible Sensors Made of Carbon Nanotube-Doped Polydimethylsiloxane: Analysis of Manufacturing Conditions and Proof of Concept. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5147. [PMID: 35890827 PMCID: PMC9316376 DOI: 10.3390/s22145147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) easy-scalable sensors for human motion monitoring are proposed. First, the analysis of the dispersion procedure of nanoparticles into the polymer matrix shows that the ultrasonication (US) technique provides a higher electrical sensitivity in comparison to three-roll milling (3RM) due to the higher homogeneity of the CNT distribution induced by the cavitation forces. Furthermore, the gauge factor (GF) calculated from tensile tests decreases with increasing the CNT content, as the interparticle distance between CNTs is reduced and, thus, the contribution of the tunnelling mechanisms diminishes. Therefore, the optimum conditions were set at 0.4 CNT wt.% dispersed by US procedure, providing a GF of approximately 37 for large strains. The electrical response under cycling load was tested at 2%, 5%, and 10% strain level, indicating a high robustness of the developed sensors. Thus, this strain sensor is in a privileged position with respect to the state-of-the-art, considering all the characteristics that this type of sensor must accomplish: high GF, high flexibility, high reproducibility, easy manufacturing, and friendly operation. Finally, a proof-of-concept of human motion monitoring by placing a sensor for elbow and finger movements is carried out. The electrical resistance was found to increase, as expected, with the bending angle and it is totally recovered after stretching, indicating that there is no prevalent damage and highlighting the huge robustness and applicability of the proposed materials as wearable sensors.
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Shoul B, Marfavi Y, Sadeghi B, Kowsari E, Sadeghi P, Ramakrishna S. Investigating the potential of sustainable use of green silica in the green tire industry: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:51298-51317. [PMID: 35614353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Undoubtedly, with the increasing emission of greenhouse gases and non-biodegradable wastes as the consequence of over energy and material consumption, the demands for environmentally friendly products are of significant importance. Green tires, a superb alternative to traditional tires, could play a substantial part in environmental protection owing to lower toxic and harmful substances in their construction and their higher decomposition rate. Furthermore, manufacturing green tires using green silica as reinforcement has a high capacity to save energy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions, pollution, and raw material consumption. Nevertheless, their production costs are expensive in comparison with conventional tires. In this review article, by studying green tires, the improvement of silica-rubber mixing, as well as the production of green silica from agricultural wastes, were investigated. Not only does the consumption of agricultural wastes save resources considerably, but it also could eventually lead to the reduction of silica production expenses. The cost of producing green silica is about 50% lower than producing conventional silica, and since it weighs about 17% of green silica tires, it can reduce the cost of producing green rubber. Accordingly, we claim that green silica has provided acceptable properties of silica in tires. Apart from the technical aspect, environmental and economic challenges are also discussed, which can ultimately be seen as a promising prospect for the use of green silica in the green tire industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Shoul
- Amirkabir University of Technology, Mahshahr Campus, P.O. BOX, Mahshahr, 63517-13178, Iran
| | - Yousef Marfavi
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, No. 424, Hafez Avenue, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Sadeghi
- Amirkabir University of Technology, Mahshahr Campus, P.O. BOX, Mahshahr, 63517-13178, Iran
| | - Elaheh Kowsari
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, No. 424, Hafez Avenue, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran.
| | - Peyman Sadeghi
- Faculty of Polymer and Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box, Tehran, 13145-1384, Iran
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
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Soft Composites Filled with Iron Oxide and Graphite Nanoplatelets under Static and Cyclic Strain for Different Industrial Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122393. [PMID: 35745969 PMCID: PMC9227874 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneously exhibiting both a magnetic response and piezoelectric energy harvesting in magneto-rheological elastomers (MREs) is a win-win situation in a soft (hardness below 65) composite-based device. In the present work, composites based on iron oxide (Fe2O3) were prepared and exhibited a magnetic response; other composites based on the electrically conductive reinforcing nanofiller, graphite nanoplatelets (GNP), were also prepared and exhibited energy generation. A piezoelectric energy-harvesting device based on composites exhibited an impressive voltage of ~10 V and demonstrated a high durability of 0.5 million cycles. These nanofillers were added in room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV-SR) and their magnetic response and piezoelectric energy generation were studied both in single and hybrid form. The hybrid composite consisted of 10 per hundred parts of rubber (phr) of Fe2O3 and 10 phr of GNP. The experimental data show that the compressive modulus of the composites was 1.71 MPa (virgin), 2.73 (GNP), 2.65 MPa (Fe2O3), and 3.54 MPa (hybrid). Similarly, the fracture strain of the composites was 89% (virgin), 109% (GNP), 105% (Fe2O3), 133% (hybrid). Moreover, cyclic multi-hysteresis tests show that the hybrid composites exhibiting higher mechanical properties had the shortcoming of showing higher dissipation losses. In the end, this work demonstrates a rubber composite that provides an energy-harvesting device with an impressive voltage, high durability, and MREs with high magnetic sensitivity.
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Xie SM, Zhao X, Peng LM, Yu P, Zha XJ, Ke K, Bao RY, Yang MB, Yang W. In situ interfacial engineering enabled mechanically adaptive and highly stretchable liquid metal conductor. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Wiroonpochit P, Keawmaungkom S, Chisti Y, Hansupalak N. Compositing prevulcanized natural rubber with multiwalled carbon nanotubes to make antistatic films. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sutthinee Keawmaungkom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Yusuf Chisti
- School of Engineering Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Nanthiya Hansupalak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
- Specialized Center of Rubber and Polymer Materials for Agriculture and Industry, Faculty of Science Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
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Zeng Y, Zhou N, Xiong C, Huang Z, Du G, Fan Z, Chen N. Highly stretchable silicone rubber nanocomposites incorporated with oleic
acid‐modified Fe
3
O
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nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Neng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Chenhan Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Guoping Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang University Nanchang China
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20
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Chiappim W, Fraga MA, Furlan H, Ardiles DC, Pessoa RS. The status and perspectives of nanostructured materials and fabrication processes for wearable piezoresistive sensors. MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES : SENSORS, ACTUATORS, SYSTEMS INTEGRATION 2022; 28:1561-1580. [PMID: 35313490 PMCID: PMC8926892 DOI: 10.1007/s00542-022-05269-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The wearable sensors have attracted a growing interest in different markets, including health, fitness, gaming, and entertainment, due to their outstanding characteristics of convenience, simplicity, accuracy, speed, and competitive price. The development of different types of wearable sensors was only possible due to advances in smart nanostructured materials with properties to detect changes in temperature, touch, pressure, movement, and humidity. Among the various sensing nanomaterials used in wearable sensors, the piezoresistive type has been extensively investigated and their potential have been demonstrated for different applications. In this review article, the current status and challenges of nanomaterials and fabrication processes for wearable piezoresistive sensors are presented in three parts. The first part focuses on the different types of sensing nanomaterials, namely, zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) piezoresistive nanomaterials. Then, in second part, their fabrication processes and integration are discussed. Finally, the last part presents examples of wearable piezoresistive sensors and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Chiappim
- Departamento de Física, Laboratório de Plasmas e Processos, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, 12228-900 Brazil
| | - Mariana Amorim Fraga
- Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, SP 01302-907 Brazil
| | - Humber Furlan
- Centro Estadual de Educação Tecnológica Paula Souza, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão e Tecnologia em Sistemas Produtivos, 169, São Paulo, SP 01124-010 Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Sávio Pessoa
- Departamento de Física, Laboratório de Plasmas e Processos, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, 12228-900 Brazil
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21
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Zhou W, Ma Y, He Q. Investigation of self‐cleaning and bouncing properties of superhydrophobic aluminum nitride/silicone rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- School of Quality and Technical Supervision Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Yongwei Ma
- School of Quality and Technical Supervision Hebei University Baoding China
- Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Special Rubber Anyang Institute of Technology Anyang China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Special Rubber Anyang Institute of Technology Anyang China
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22
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Yu X, Wang Y, Zhang H, Fan X, Liu T. Ultrastretchable and Stable Conductive Elastomer Based on Micro-Ionicgel for Wide-Working-Range Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:53091-53098. [PMID: 34704734 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A facile route to novel stretchable conductive elastomers with micro-ionicgel acting as conductive fillers was developed via oil-in-oil Pickering emulsion polymerization of nonpolar monomers A and a mixture of polar monomers B and ionic liquids (ILs). Oil-in-oil Pickering emulsions were first fabricated by mixing n-butyl acrylate (n-BA), acrylic acid (AA), ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [EMIM]+[BF4]-), and alkyl vinyl-functionalized silica particles. The emulsion structure was directly observed using the dye-labeled AA-IL phase by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Upon polymerization, the IL-based conductive composite elastomers were obtained, where the continuous phase and the dispersed phase are poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA) and poly(acrylic acid) containing ILs (PAA-ILs, referred to as micro-ionicgel), respectively. The PnBA matrix endows the formed elastomer with extremely large stretchability (up to 12 000% strain) and insensitivity to moisture. The micro-ionicgels PAA-ILs not only contribute to good conductivity but can also prevent the leakage of ILs upon stretching or folding. The electrical impedance-based stretchable sensors fabricated using this IL elastomer could detect various human motions including the bending of a finger, wrist, elbow, and knee. Therefore, the as-developed sensors show promising applications for human-machine interfaces of flexible wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Haopeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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23
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Kumar V, Kumar A, Han SS, Park SS. RTV silicone rubber composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes, titanium-di-oxide and their hybrid: Mechanical and piezoelectric actuation performance. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Gnanaseelan M, Trommer K, Gude M, Stanik R, Przybyszewski B, Kozera R, Boczkowska A. Effect of Strain on Heating Characteristics of Silicone/CNT Composites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164528. [PMID: 34443051 PMCID: PMC8399922 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, silicone/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites were produced using a spread coating process, followed by morphological investigations and determination of their electrical properties and heating behaviour through the application of electric potential. Composites containing varying amounts of CNT (1–7%) were investigated for their thermal behaviour with the use of an IR camera. Subsequently, thermal behaviour and electrical properties were measured when the samples were stretched (up to 20%). With the 7% CNT composites, which had a conductivity of 106 S/m, it was possible to achieve a temperature of 155 °C at a relatively low voltage of 23 V. For high CNT contents, when the potential was controlled in such a way as to maintain the temperature well below 100 °C, the temperature remained almost constant at all levels of strain investigated. At higher potentials yielding temperatures around 100 °C and above, stretching had a drastic effect on temperature. These results are critical for designing composites for dynamic applications requiring a material whose properties remain stable under strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoj Gnanaseelan
- FILK Freiberg Institute gGmbH, Meißner Ring 1-5, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3731-366-169
| | - Kristin Trommer
- FILK Freiberg Institute gGmbH, Meißner Ring 1-5, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
| | - Maik Gude
- Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology (ILK), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Rafal Stanik
- Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology (ILK), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Bartlomiej Przybyszewski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (B.P.); (R.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Rafal Kozera
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (B.P.); (R.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Boczkowska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (B.P.); (R.K.); (A.B.)
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Kumar V, Alam MN, Manikkavel A, Song M, Lee DJ, Park SS. Silicone Rubber Composites Reinforced by Carbon Nanofillers and Their Hybrids for Various Applications: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142322. [PMID: 34301079 PMCID: PMC8309633 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Without fillers, rubber types such as silicone rubber exhibit poor mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Carbon black (CB) is traditionally used as a filler in the rubber matrix to improve its properties, but a high content (nearly 60 per hundred parts of rubber (phr)) is required. However, this high content of CB often alters the viscoelastic properties of the rubber composite. Thus, nowadays, nanofillers such as graphene (GE) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used, which provide significant improvements to the properties of composites at as low as 2–3 phr. Nanofillers are classified as those fillers consisting of at least one dimension below 100 nanometers (nm). In the present review paper, nanofillers based on carbon nanomaterials such as GE, CNT, and CB are explored in terms of how they improve the properties of rubber composites. These nanofillers can significantly improve the properties of silicone rubber (SR) nanocomposites and have been useful for a wide range of applications, such as strain sensing. Therefore, carbon-nanofiller-reinforced SRs are reviewed here, along with advancements in this research area. The microstructures, defect densities, and crystal structures of different carbon nanofillers for SR nanocomposites are characterized, and their processing and dispersion are described. The dispersion of the rubber composites was reported through atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of these nanofillers on the mechanical (compressive modulus, tensile strength, fracture strain, Young’s modulus, glass transition), thermal (thermal conductivity), and electrical properties (electrical conductivity) of SR nanocomposites is also discussed. Finally, the application of the improved SR nanocomposites as strain sensors according to their filler structure and concentration is discussed. This detailed review clearly shows the dependency of SR nanocomposite properties on the characteristics of the carbon nanofillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (V.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.M.); (D.-J.L.)
| | - Md Najib Alam
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (V.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.M.); (D.-J.L.)
| | - Amutheesan Manikkavel
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (V.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.M.); (D.-J.L.)
| | - Minseok Song
- Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Dong-Joo Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (V.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.M.); (D.-J.L.)
| | - Sang-Shin Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (V.K.); (M.N.A.); (A.M.); (D.-J.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Siloxane Matrix Molecular Weight Influences the Properties of Nanocomposites Based on Metal Complexes and Dielectric Elastomer. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123352. [PMID: 34204349 PMCID: PMC8234613 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Siloxane-based elastomers are some of the most sought-after materials for the construction of actuators and equipment for energy harvesting devices. This article focuses on changes of the mechanical (breaking stress, breaking strain, Young's modulus) and dielectric properties for elastomers prepared with silicones, induced by the variation of molecular weight of the matrix, with three different silicone polymers having 60,000 g/mol, 150,000 g/mol, and 450,000 g/mol (from GPC measurements). Multiple siloxane elastomers were crosslinked with methyltriacetoxysilane using the sol-gel route. The dielectric permittivity values of the elastomers were also enhanced with two different complex structures containing siloxane bond and 3d transition metals as filler materials for polydimethylsiloxane polymers with various molecular weights. The dielectric spectroscopy tests demonstrated a small decrease (5%) for the values of the dielectric permittivity in relation to increased molecular weight of the siloxane polymer, both for samples prepared with pure polymer and for samples with metal complexes. The samples of nanocomposites showed a >50% increase of dielectric permittivity values relative to samples prepared of pure siloxane elastomer. The thermal tests demonstrated that the nanocomposites retained thermal stability similar with samples prepared of pure siloxane elastomer. The behavior under controlled conditions of humidity showed a trend of increased water vapor sorption with increasing molecular weight but an overall hydrophobic stable character of nanocomposites.
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Toader G, Diacon A, Rusen E, Rizea F, Teodorescu M, Stanescu PO, Damian C, Rotariu A, Trana E, Bucur F, Ginghina R. A Facile Synthesis Route of Hybrid Polyurea-Polyurethane-MWCNTs Nanocomposite Coatings for Ballistic Protection and Experimental Testing in Dynamic Regime. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101618. [PMID: 34067679 PMCID: PMC8156591 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes a simple, practical, inexpensive, improved, and efficient novel method for obtaining polyurea-polyurethane-multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties, and their experimental testing in a dynamic regime. SEM and micro-CT investigations validated the homogeneity of the nanocomposite films and uniform dispersion of the nanofiller inside the polymeric matrix. The experimental measurements (TGA, DSC, DMA, and tensile tests) revealed improved thermal and mechanical properties of these new materials. To demonstrate that these nanocomposites are suitable for ballistic protection, impact tests were performed on aluminum plates coated with the polyurea-polyurethane MWCNTs nanocomposites, using a Hopkinson bar set-up. The experimental testing in the dynamic regime of the polyurea- polyurethane-coated aluminum plates confirmed that the nanocomposite layers allow the metal plate to maintain its integrity at a maximum force value that is almost 200% higher than for the uncoated metallic specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Toader
- Faculty of Weapon Systems Engineering and Mechatronics, Military Technical Academy, 39-49 George Cosbuc Boulevard, 050141 Bucharest, Romania; (G.T.); (A.R.); (E.T.); (F.B.)
| | - Aurel Diacon
- Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.R.); (F.R.); (M.T.); (P.O.S.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Edina Rusen
- Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.R.); (F.R.); (M.T.); (P.O.S.); (C.D.)
| | - Florica Rizea
- Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.R.); (F.R.); (M.T.); (P.O.S.); (C.D.)
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.R.); (F.R.); (M.T.); (P.O.S.); (C.D.)
| | - Paul O. Stanescu
- Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.R.); (F.R.); (M.T.); (P.O.S.); (C.D.)
| | - Celina Damian
- Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.R.); (F.R.); (M.T.); (P.O.S.); (C.D.)
| | - Adrian Rotariu
- Faculty of Weapon Systems Engineering and Mechatronics, Military Technical Academy, 39-49 George Cosbuc Boulevard, 050141 Bucharest, Romania; (G.T.); (A.R.); (E.T.); (F.B.)
| | - Eugen Trana
- Faculty of Weapon Systems Engineering and Mechatronics, Military Technical Academy, 39-49 George Cosbuc Boulevard, 050141 Bucharest, Romania; (G.T.); (A.R.); (E.T.); (F.B.)
| | - Florina Bucur
- Faculty of Weapon Systems Engineering and Mechatronics, Military Technical Academy, 39-49 George Cosbuc Boulevard, 050141 Bucharest, Romania; (G.T.); (A.R.); (E.T.); (F.B.)
| | - Raluca Ginghina
- Scientific Research Center for CBRN Defense and Ecology, 225 Soseaua Oltenitei, 041327 Bucharest, Romania;
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Electrical Properties of Textiles Treated with Graphene Oxide Suspension. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14081999. [PMID: 33923570 PMCID: PMC8072705 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional nanomaterials such as graphene can provide various functional properties to textiles, which have great potential in sportswear, healthcare etc. In this study, the properties of nylon and cotton-based electronic textiles coated with reduced graphene oxide are investigated. After reduction of graphene oxide coating in hydrazine vapor, e-textiles with a resistance of ~350 Ω/sq for nylon, and ~1 kΩ/sq for cotton were obtained. Cyclic mechanical bending tests of samples showed that the resistance increases during bending up to 10–20%. The use of bovine serum albumin as an adhesive layer improved the wash stability for samples with nylon up to 40 washing cycles. The use of BF-6 glue as a protective layer reduced changes in resistance during bending, and improved wash stability of cotton samples. It was shown that the resistance of the obtained samples is sensitive to changes in temperature and humidity. In addition, obtained e-textiles attached to a person’s wrist were able to measure heart rate. Thus, the obtained electronic textiles based on cotton and nylon coated with reduced graphene oxide demonstrates good characteristics for use as sensors for monitoring vital signs.
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A Facile and Cost-Effective Method to Prepare a Robust Superhydrophobic RTV Silicone Coating. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A facile and cost-effective layer-by-layer assembly method is reported for the fabrication of a superhydrophobic coating using room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber and silica particles of different diameters. The superhydrophobic coating shows a contact angle of 154.6° and a rolling angle of 9°. The coating exhibits excellent self-cleaning properties and corrosion resistance with good softness and mechanical durability. The sample maintains its good superhydrophobicity, even after a series of tests by knife scratching, cutting, and hammering. The fabrication method has great advantages in terms of efficiency, cost, simple procedure and conditions. Its wide application in different substrates and the use of environment-friendly materials are also beneficial to the large-scale production of the coating.
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Alzahrani HK, Munshi AM, Aldawsari AM, Keshk AA, Asghar BH, Osman HE, Khalifa ME, El‐Metwaly NM. Development of photoluminescent, superhydrophobic, and electrically conductive cotton fibres. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:964-976. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.4024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan K. Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science Umm‐Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa M. Munshi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science Umm‐Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrah M. Aldawsari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science Umm‐Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Petrochemical Research Institute King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology P. O. Box 6086 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. Keshk
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science University of Tabuk Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim H. Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science Umm‐Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan E. Osman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science Umm‐Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E. Khalifa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M. El‐Metwaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science Umm‐Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Mansoura University El‐Gomhoria Street Egypt
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