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Mehdizadeh M, Karkhaneh F, Nekoomanesh M, Sadjadi S, Emami M, Teimoury H, Salimi M, Solà M, Poater A, Bahri-Laleh N, Posada-Pérez S. Influence of the Ethanol Content of Adduct on the Comonomer Incorporation of Related Ziegler-Natta Catalysts in Propylene (Co)polymerizations. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4476. [PMID: 38231935 PMCID: PMC10708330 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of the ethanol content of adducts on the catalytic behavior of related Ziegler-Natta (ZN) catalysts in propylene homo- and copolymerizations (with 1-hexene comonomer) in terms of activity, isotacticity, H2 response, and comonomer incorporation. For this purpose, three MgCl2.nEtOH adducts with n values of 0.7, 1.2, and 2.8 were synthesized and used in the synthesis of related ZN catalysts. The catalysts were thoroughly characterized using XRD, BET, SEM, EDX, N2 adsorption-desorption, and DFT techniques. Additionally, the microstructure of the synthesized (co)polymers was distinguished via DSC, SSA, and TREF techniques. Their activity was found to enhance with the adduct's ethanol content in both homo- and copolymerization experiments, and the increase was more pronounced in homopolymerization reactions in the absence of H2. Furthermore, the catalyst with the highest ethanol content provided a copolymer with a lower isotacticity index, a shorter meso sequence length, and a more uniform distribution of comonomer within the chains. These results were attributed to the higher total surface area and Ti content of the corresponding catalyst, as well as its lower average pore diameter, a larger proportion of large pores compared to the other two catalysts, and its spherical open bud morphology. It affirms the importance of catalyst/support ethanol-content control during the preparation process. Then, molecular simulation was employed to shed light on the iso-specificity of the polypropylene produced via synthesized catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Mehdizadeh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Fereshteh Karkhaneh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Mehdi Nekoomanesh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Samahe Sadjadi
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Mehrsa Emami
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - HamidReza Teimoury
- Research & Development Center, Kermanshah Polymer Company, Kermanshah 14965/115, Iran; (H.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Mehrdad Salimi
- Research & Development Center, Kermanshah Polymer Company, Kermanshah 14965/115, Iran; (H.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Naeimeh Bahri-Laleh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Sergio Posada-Pérez
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain;
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Developments in late transition metal catalysts with high thermal stability for ethylene polymerization: A crucial aspect from laboratory to industrialization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wang Q, Wang W, Qu W, Pang W, Qasim M, Zou C. Ethylene homo and copolymerization by phosphorus‐benzoquinone based homogeneous and heterogeneous nickel catalysts. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Wenbing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Weicheng Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Wenmin Pang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Chen Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
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Zhang R, Gao R, Gou Q, Lai J, Li X. Recent Advances in the Copolymerization of Ethylene with Polar Comonomers by Nickel Catalysts. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183809. [PMID: 36145954 PMCID: PMC9500745 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The less-expensive and earth-abundant nickel catalyst is highly promising in the copolymerization of ethylene with polar monomers and has thus attracted increasing attention in both industry and academia. Herein, we have summarized the recent advancements made in the state-of-the-art nickel catalysts with different types of ligands for ethylene copolymerization and how these modifications influence the catalyst performance, as well as new polymerization modulation strategies. With regard to α-diimine, salicylaldimine/ketoiminato, phosphino-phenolate, phosphine-sulfonate, bisphospnine monoxide, N-heterocyclic carbene and other unclassified chelates, the properties of each catalyst and fine modulation of key copolymerization parameters (activity, molecular weight, comonomer incorporation rate, etc.) are revealed in detail. Despite significant achievements, many opportunities and possibilities are yet to be fully addressed, and a brief outlook on the future development and long-standing challenges is provided.
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Xiong S, Hong A, Bailey BC, Spinney HA, Senecal TD, Bailey H, Agapie T. Highly Active and Thermally Robust Nickel Enolate Catalysts for the Synthesis of Ethylene-Acrylate Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206637. [PMID: 35723944 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The insertion copolymerization of polar olefins and ethylene remains a significant challenge in part due to catalysts' low activity and poor thermal stability. Herein we demonstrate a strategy toward addressing these obstacles through ligand design. Neutral nickel phosphine enolate catalysts with large phosphine substituents reaching the axial positions of Ni achieve activity of up to 7.7×103 kg mol-1 h-1 (efficiency >35×103 g copolymer/g Ni) at 110 °C, notable for ethylene/acrylate copolymerization. NMR analysis of resulting copolymers reveals highly linear microstructures with main-chain ester functionality. Structure-performance studies indicate a strong correlation between axial steric hindrance and catalyst performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoyan Xiong
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Alexandria Hong
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Brad C Bailey
- Chemical Science, Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48667, USA
| | - Heather A Spinney
- Chemical Science, Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48667, USA
| | - Todd D Senecal
- Chemical Science, Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48667, USA
| | - Hannah Bailey
- Chemical Science, Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48667, USA
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Xiong S, Hong A, Bailey BC, Spinney HA, Senecal TD, Bailey H, Agapie T. Highly Active and Thermally Robust Nickel Enolate Catalysts for the Synthesis of Ethylene‐Acrylate Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuoyan Xiong
- California Institute of Technology Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Alexandria Hong
- California Institute of Technology Chemistry and Chemical Engineering UNITED STATES
| | | | | | | | | | - Theodor Agapie
- California Institute of Technology Chemistry 1200 California BlvdMC 127-72 91106 Pasadena UNITED STATES
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Chen M, Chen C. Nickel catalysts for the preparation of functionalized polyolefin materials. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2021-1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chu YK, Hu XQ, Zhang Y, Liu DJ, Zhang YX, Jian ZB. Influence of Backbone and Axial Substituent of Catalyst on α-Imino-ketone Nickel Mediated Ethylene (Co)Polymerization. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Synthesis of functional polyethylene via scandium catalysted copolymerization of ethylene with triphenylamine- or carbazole-substituted styrene derivatives. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cui L, Chu YK, Liu DJ, Han YF, Mu HL, Jian ZB. Enhancement on Hemilabile Phosphine-Amide Palladium and Nickel Catalysts for Ethylene (Co)Polymerization with Polar Monomers Using a Cyclizing Strategy. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zubkevich SV, Tuskaev VA, Gagieva SC, Bulychev BM. Catalytic oligomerization and polymerization of ethylene with complexes of iron triad metals: influence of metal nature and new perspectives. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Li Y, Wang F, Cao Y. Late Transition Metal Complexes for Olefin Copolymerization with Polar Monomers. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202009008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhou G, Cui L, Mu H, Jian Z. Custom-made polar monomers utilized in nickel and palladium promoted olefin copolymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00492a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this review, the functions of custom-made polar monomers are insightfully emphasized in the preparation of functional polyolefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Lei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Hongliang Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Zhongbao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
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Li P, Li X, Behzadi S, Xu M, Yu F, Xu G, Wang F. Living Chain-Walking (Co)Polymerization of Propylene and 1-Decene by Nickel α-Diimine Catalysts. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1988. [PMID: 32878280 PMCID: PMC7564000 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Homo- and copolymers of propylene and 1-decene were synthesized by controlled chain-walking (co)polymerization using phenyl substituted α-diimine nickel complexes activated with modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO). This catalytic system was found to polymerize propylene in a living fashion to furnish high molecular weight ethylene-propylene (EP) copolymers. The copolymerizations proceeded to give high molecular weight P/1-decene copolymers with narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn ≈ 1.2), which indicated a living nature of copolymerization at room temperature. The random copolymerization results indicated the possibility of precise branched structure control, depending on the polymerization temperature and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (P.L.); (X.L.); (M.X.); (F.Y.)
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (P.L.); (X.L.); (M.X.); (F.Y.)
| | - Shabnam Behzadi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
| | - Mengli Xu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (P.L.); (X.L.); (M.X.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fan Yu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (P.L.); (X.L.); (M.X.); (F.Y.)
| | - Guoyong Xu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (P.L.); (X.L.); (M.X.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fuzhou Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (P.L.); (X.L.); (M.X.); (F.Y.)
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15
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Cui L, Jian Z. A N-bridged strategy enables hemilabile phosphine–carbonyl palladium and nickel catalysts to mediate ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with polar vinyl monomers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
N-Bridged phosphine–carbonyl Pd(ii) and Ni(ii) catalysts enable the enhancement of molecular weights in ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with polar comonomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Zhongbao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
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