1
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Băbuțan M, Botiz I. Morphological Characteristics of Biopolymer Thin Films Swollen-Rich in Solvent Vapors. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:396. [PMID: 39056837 PMCID: PMC11274445 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9070396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers exhibit a large variety of attractive properties including biocompatibility, flexibility, gelation ability, and low cost. Therefore, especially in more recent years, they have become highly suitable for a wider and wider range of applications stretching across several key sectors such as those related to food packaging, pharmaceutic, and medical industries, just to name a few. Moreover, biopolymers' properties are known to be strongly dependent on the molecular arrangements adopted by such chains at the nanoscale and microscale. Fortunately, these arrangements can be altered and eventually optimized through a plethora of more or less efficient polymer processing methods. Here, we used a space-confined solvent vapor annealing (C-SVA) method to subject various biopolymers to rich swelling in solvent vapors in order to favor their further crystallization or self-assembly, with the final aim of obtaining thin biopolymer films exhibiting more ordered chain conformations. The results obtained by atomic force microscopy revealed that while the gelatin biopolymer nucleated and then crystallized into granular compact structures, other biopolymers preferred to self-assemble into (curved) lamellar rows composed of spherical nanoparticles (glycogen and chitosan) or into more complex helix-resembling morphologies (phytagel). The capability of the C-SVA processing method to favor crystallization and to induce self-assembly in various biopolymeric species or even monomeric units further emphasizes its great potential in the future structuring of a variety of biological (macro)molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Băbuțan
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter and Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioan Botiz
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter and Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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2
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Şimşek B, Ruhkopf J, Plachetka U, Rademacher N, Belete M, Lemme MC. Silver Nanoparticle-Assisted Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene Inks Coated on PVA-Based Self-Healing Polymer Composites for Soft Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7838-7849. [PMID: 38295437 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Smart sensors with self-healing capabilities have recently aroused increasing interest in applications in soft electronics. However, challenges remain in balancing the sensors' self-healing and compatibility between their sensing and substrate layers. This study evaluated several self-healing polymer substrates and graphene ink-based strain-sensing coatings. The optimum electrochemically exfoliated graphene (e-graphene)/silver nanoparticle-coated tannic acid (TA)/superabsorbent polymer/graphene oxide (GO) blended poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer composites exhibited improvements of 47.1 and 39.2%, respectively, for the healing efficiency in a substrate crack area and in the graphene-based sensing layer due to conductive layer adhesion. While TA was found to improve healing efficiency on the coating surface by forming hydrogen bonds between the sensing and polymer layers, GO healed the polymer surface due to its ability to form bonds in the polymer matrix. The superabsorbent polymer was found to absorb excess water in e-graphene dispersion due to its host-guest interaction, while also reducing the coating thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barış Şimşek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Çankırı Karatekin University, 18100 Çankırı, Turkey
- Chair of Electronic Devices, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Graphene & 2D-Materials Center, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jasper Ruhkopf
- Chair of Electronic Devices, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Graphene & 2D-Materials Center, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52062 Aachen, Germany
- AMO GmbH, Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mikro- und Optoelektronik mbH, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 25, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Plachetka
- AMO GmbH, Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mikro- und Optoelektronik mbH, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 25, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nico Rademacher
- Chair of Electronic Devices, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Graphene & 2D-Materials Center, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Melkamu Belete
- Chair of Electronic Devices, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Graphene & 2D-Materials Center, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Max C Lemme
- Chair of Electronic Devices, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Graphene & 2D-Materials Center, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52062 Aachen, Germany
- AMO GmbH, Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mikro- und Optoelektronik mbH, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 25, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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3
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Chen L, Zhao N, McClements DJ, Hamaker BR, Miao M. Advanced dendritic glucan-derived biomaterials: From molecular structure to versatile applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4107-4146. [PMID: 37350042 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in the development of advanced biomaterials with improved or novel functionality for diversified applications. Dendritic glucans, such as phytoglycogen and glycogen, are abundant biomaterials with highly branched three-dimensional globular architectures, which endow them with unique structural and functional attributes, including small size, large specific surface area, high water solubility, low viscosity, high water retention, and the availability of numerous modifiable surface groups. Dendritic glucans can be synthesized by in vivo biocatalysis reactions using glucosyl-1-phosphate as a substrate, which can be obtained from plant, animal, or microbial sources. They can also be synthesized by in vitro methods using sucrose or starch as a substrate, which may be more suitable for large-scale industrial production. The large numbers of hydroxyl groups on the surfaces of dendritic glucan provide a platform for diverse derivatizations, including nonreducing end, hydroxyl functionalization, molecular degradation, and conjugation modifications. Due to their unique physicochemical and functional attributes, dendritic glucans have been widely applied in the food, pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic, and chemical industries. For instance, they have been used as delivery systems, adsorbents, tissue engineering scaffolds, biosensors, and bioelectronic components. This article reviews progress in the design, synthesis, and application of dendritic glucans over the past several decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ningjing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - David J McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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4
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Kumar A, Sood A, Agrawal G, Thakur S, Thakur VK, Tanaka M, Mishra YK, Christie G, Mostafavi E, Boukherroub R, Hutmacher DW, Han SS. Polysaccharides, proteins, and synthetic polymers based multimodal hydrogels for various biomedical applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125606. [PMID: 37406894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Nature-derived or biologically encouraged hydrogels have attracted considerable interest in numerous biomedical applications owing to their multidimensional utility and effectiveness. The internal architecture of a hydrogel network, the chemistry of the raw materials involved, interaction across the interface of counter ions, and the ability to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) govern the clinical efficacy of the designed hydrogels. This review focuses on the mechanistic viewpoint of different biologically driven/inspired biomacromolecules that encourages the architectural development of hydrogel networks. In addition, the advantage of hydrogels by mimicking the ECM and the significance of the raw material selection as an indicator of bioinertness is deeply elaborated in the review. Furthermore, the article reviews and describes the application of polysaccharides, proteins, and synthetic polymer-based multimodal hydrogels inspired by or derived from nature in different biomedical areas. The review discusses the challenges and opportunities in biomaterials along with future prospects in terms of their applications in biodevices or functional components for human health issues. This review provides information on the strategy and inspiration from nature that can be used to develop a link between multimodal hydrogels as the main frame and its utility in biomedical applications as the primary target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ankur Sood
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Garima Agrawal
- School of Chemical Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, H.P. 175075, India
| | - Sourbh Thakur
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Barony Campus, Parkgate, Dumfries DG1 3NE, United Kingdom; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Smart Materials, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, Sønderborg 6400, Denmark
| | - Graham Christie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Max Planck Queensland Centre (MPQC) for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea.
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5
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Omidian H, Chowdhury SD. High-Performing Conductive Hydrogels for Wearable Applications. Gels 2023; 9:549. [PMID: 37504428 PMCID: PMC10379850 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have gained significant attention for their extensive applications in healthcare monitoring, wearable sensors, electronic devices, soft robotics, energy storage, and human-machine interfaces. To address the limitations of conductive hydrogels, researchers are focused on enhancing properties such as sensitivity, mechanical strength, electrical performance at low temperatures, stability, antibacterial properties, and conductivity. Composite materials, including nanoparticles, nanowires, polymers, and ionic liquids, are incorporated to improve the conductivity and mechanical strength. Biocompatibility and biosafety are emphasized for safe integration with biological tissues. Conductive hydrogels exhibit unique properties such as stretchability, self-healing, wet adhesion, anti-freezing, transparency, UV-shielding, and adjustable mechanical properties, making them suitable for specific applications. Researchers aim to develop multifunctional hydrogels with antibacterial characteristics, self-healing capabilities, transparency, UV-shielding, gas-sensing, and strain-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Omidian
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Sumana Dey Chowdhury
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
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6
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Yu H, Zhao L, Wang L. Double‐network
PVA
/gelatin/borax hydrogels with self‐healing, strength, stretchable, stable, and transparent properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanyang Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin Jianzhu University Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin Jianzhu University Changchun People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Building Energy‐Saving Technology Engineering of Jilin Provincial, School of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin Jianzhu University Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin Jianzhu University Changchun People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Building Energy‐Saving Technology Engineering of Jilin Provincial, School of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin Jianzhu University Changchun People's Republic of China
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7
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Hydrogel and Effects of Crosslinking Agent on Cellulose-Based Hydrogels: A Review. Gels 2022; 8:gels8090568. [PMID: 36135281 PMCID: PMC9498307 DOI: 10.3390/gels8090568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymer materials that can swell but are insoluble in water. Hydrogels can be synthesized with synthetic or natural polymers, but natural polymers are preferred because they are similar to natural tissues, which can absorb a high water content, are biocompatible, and are biodegradable. The three-dimensional structure of the hydrogel affects its water insolubility and ability to maintain its shape. Cellulose hydrogels are preferred over other polymers because they are highly biocompatible, easily accessible, and affordable. Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMCNa) is an example of a water-soluble cellulose derivative that can be synthesized using natural materials. A crosslinking agent is used to strengthen the properties of the hydrogel. Chemical crosslinking agent is used more often than physical crosslinking agent. In this review, article, different types of crosslinking agents are discussed based on synthetic and natural crosslinking agents. Hydrogels that utilize synthetic crosslinking agent have advantages, such as adjustable mechanical properties and easy control of the chemical composition. However, hydrogels that use natural crosslinking agent have better biocompatibility and less latent toxic effect.
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8
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Super stretchability, strong adhesion, flexible sensor based on Fe3+ dynamic coordination sodium alginate/polyacrylamide dual-network hydrogel. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Garzón-Posada AO, Paredes-Madrid L, Peña A, Fontalvo VM, Palacio C. Enhancing Part-to-Part Repeatability of Force-Sensing Resistors Using a Lean Six Sigma Approach. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:840. [PMID: 35744454 PMCID: PMC9228405 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites have found wide acceptance in research applications as pressure sensors under the designation of force-sensing resistors (FSRs). However, given the random dispersion of conductive nanoparticles in the polymer matrix, the sensitivity of FSRs notably differs from one specimen to another; this condition has precluded the use of FSRs in industrial applications that require large part-to-part repeatability. Six Sigma methodology provides a standard framework to reduce the process variability regarding a critical variable. The Six Sigma core is the DMAIC cycle (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control). In this study, we have deployed the DMAIC cycle to reduce the process variability of sensor sensitivity, where sensitivity was defined by the rate of change in the output voltage in response to the applied force. It was found that sensor sensitivity could be trimmed by changing their input (driving) voltage. The whole process comprised: characterization of FSR sensitivity, followed by physical modeling that let us identify the underlying physics of FSR variability, and ultimately, a mechanism to reduce it; this process let us enhance the sensors' part-to-part repeatability from an industrial standpoint. Two mechanisms were explored to reduce the variability in FSR sensitivity. (i) It was found that the output voltage at null force can be used to discard noncompliant sensors that exhibit either too high or too low sensitivity; this observation is a novel contribution from this research. (ii) An alternative method was also proposed and validated that let us trim the sensitivity of FSRs by means of changing the input voltage. This study was carried out from 64 specimens of Interlink FSR402 sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés O. Garzón-Posada
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Colombia, Carrera 13 # 47-30, Bogota 110221, Colombia; (A.O.G.-P.); (V.M.F.)
- Department of Applied Physics, Materials and Surface Lab (Nanotechnology Unit), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Málaga, ES29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Leonel Paredes-Madrid
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Colombia, Carrera 13 # 47-30, Bogota 110221, Colombia; (A.O.G.-P.); (V.M.F.)
| | - Angela Peña
- Faculty of Mechanical, Biomedical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Carrera 7 # 21-84, Tunja 150001, Colombia;
| | - Victor M. Fontalvo
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Colombia, Carrera 13 # 47-30, Bogota 110221, Colombia; (A.O.G.-P.); (V.M.F.)
| | - Carlos Palacio
- GIFAM Group, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Carrera 7 # 21-84, Tunja 150001, Colombia;
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A Highly Sensitive, Ultra-Durable, Eco-Friendly Ionic Skin for Human Motion Monitoring. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091902. [PMID: 35567071 PMCID: PMC9101320 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic conductive hydrogels have shown great potential in areas such as wearable devices and electronic skins. Aiming at the sensitivity and biodegradability of the traditional flexible hydrogel electronic skin, this paper developed an ionic skin (S−iSkin) based on edible starch–sodium alginate (starch–SA), which can convert the external strain stimulus into a voltage signal without an external power supply. As an excellent ion conductive polymer, S−iSkin exhibited good stretchability, low hydrophilicity and outstanding electrochemical and sensing properties. Driven by sodium ions, the ion charge transfer resistance of S−iSkin is reduced by 4 times, the capacitance value is increased by 2 times and its conductivity is increased by 7 times. Additionally, S−iSkin has excellent sensitivity and linearity (R2 = 0.998), a long service life and good biocompatibility. Under the action of micro-stress, it can produce a voltage change ratio of 2.6 times, and its sensitivity is 52.04. The service life test showed that it can work stably for 2000 s and work more than 200 stress–voltage response cycles. These findings provide a foundation for the development of health monitoring systems and micro-stress sensing devices based on renewable biomass materials.
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12
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Xie SM, Zhao X, Peng LM, Yu P, Zha XJ, Ke K, Bao RY, Yang MB, Yang W. In situ interfacial engineering enabled mechanically adaptive and highly stretchable liquid metal conductor. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Wei Q, Wang Y, Lei M, Li M, Li D, Zhang L, Wu Y. Self-Healing Mechanism and Conductivity of the Hydrogel Flexible Sensors: A Review. Gels 2021; 7:216. [PMID: 34842713 PMCID: PMC8628684 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensors are devices that can capture changes in environmental parameters and convert them into electrical signals to output, which are widely used in all aspects of life. Flexible sensors, sensors made of flexible materials, not only overcome the limitations of the environment on detection devices but also expand the application of sensors in human health and biomedicine. Conductivity and flexibility are the most important parameters for flexible sensors, and hydrogels are currently considered to be an ideal matrix material due to their excellent flexibility and biocompatibility. In particular, compared with flexible sensors based on elastomers with a high modulus, the hydrogel sensor has better stretchability and can be tightly attached to the surface of objects. However, for hydrogel sensors, a poor mechanical lifetime is always an issue. To address this challenge, a self-healing hydrogel has been proposed. Currently, a large number of studies on the self-healing property have been performed, and numerous exciting results have been obtained, but there are few detailed reviews focusing on the self-healing mechanism and conductivity of hydrogel flexible sensors. This paper presents an overview of self-healing hydrogel flexible sensors, focusing on their self-healing mechanism and conductivity. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of different types of sensors have been summarized and discussed. Finally, the key issues and challenges for self-healing flexible sensors are also identified and discussed along with recommendations for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yanen Wang
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Qinghua Wei
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Mingju Lei
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Dinghao Li
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Longyu Zhang
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
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14
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Guo J, Yu Y, Zhang H, Sun L, Zhao Y. Elastic MXene Hydrogel Microfiber-Derived Electronic Skin for Joint Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:47800-47806. [PMID: 34590841 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Effective and timely joint monitoring has been a significantly vital research direction in human healthcare. As an emerging technology, flexible electronics provides more possibilities and applicabilities for practical sensing and signal transmission. Here, we provide novel elastic MXene microfibers of controllable morphologies at a microscale through microfluidic technology for actual joint motion monitoring. Double-network hydrogels including covalently cross-linking polyacrylamide and ionically cross-linking alginate were chosen for superelasticity. For the improvement of the electrical conductivity of superelastic hydrogel microfibers, MXene was selected to mix with them. By introducing the cross-linker to the outer channel, microfibers with controllable diameters along with high electrical conductivities and tensile properties could be fabricated successfully. The practical value of the synthesized microfibers in joint movement sensing has been demonstrated by acting as the element of new motion sensors. Based on these features, it is believed that these elastic MXene hydrogel microfibers have high potential for rapid sensing and diagnosis of joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yunru Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lingyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Photothermal and magnetocaloric-stimulated shape memory and self-healing via magnetic polymeric composite with dynamic crosslinking. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cellulose nanocomposite modified conductive self-healing hydrogel with enhanced mechanical property. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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