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Wu Z, Ma R, Ai Z, Huan X, Wang S, Fan W, Zhang Q. In situ interfacial evaluation of aramid/epoxy composites by interfacial stress transfer characteristics. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:075110. [PMID: 39041905 DOI: 10.1063/5.0211875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Interfacial bonding between aramid fibers and epoxy resin is crucial for the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. Interfacial stress transfer between resin and fibers bridges microscopic and macroscopic properties. Using micro-Raman spectroscopy for in situ stress measurement offers insights into interface bonding through assessment of interfacial stress transfer characteristics. This study measures stress distribution on loaded microdroplet sample surfaces, analyzes stress transfer at the interface, and proposes an evaluation method using finite element analysis (FEA). The results show that interfacial stress along the fiber decreases from the droplet's edge to center, indicating stress transfer between the fiber and matrix, as evidenced by the stress-dependent Raman shift of aramid fiber. The interface modulus (Eif), derived from the FEA model, effectively reflects interface bonding, with droplet shape influence removed in evaluations. The agreement between the proposed method and the transverse fiber bundle test confirms its applicability. The method offers a direct, non-destructive, and shape-independent way to evaluate the interface of aramid/epoxy composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electric Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ruitao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electric Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhijun Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Electric Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xianhua Huan
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wei Fan
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of Ministry of Education, Institute of Flexible Electronics and Intelligent Textile, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Qiaogen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electric Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Li YC, Lee SY, Wang H, Jin FL, Park SJ. Enhanced Electrical Properties and Impact Strength of Phenolic Formaldehyde Resin Using Silanized Graphene and Ionic Liquid. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:294-303. [PMID: 38222635 PMCID: PMC10785615 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In this study, to improve the electrical properties and impact strength of phenolic formaldehyde (PF) resin, PF-based composites were prepared by mixing graphene and the ionic liquid 3-decyl-bis(1-vinyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium-bromide) (C10[VImBr]2) via hot blending and compression-curing processes. The graphene surface was modified using a silane coupling agent. The synergistic effect of graphene and C10[VImBr]2 on the electrical properties, electromagnetic shielding efficiency, thermal stability, impact strength, and morphology of PF/graphene and PF/graphene/C10[VImBr]2 composites was then investigated. It was found that the electrical conductivity of the composites significantly increased from 2.3 × 10-10 to 4.14 × 10-3 S/m with an increase in the graphene content from 0 to 15 wt %, increasing further to 0.145 S/m with the addition of 5 wt % C10[VImBr]2. The electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the composite increased from 4.70 to 28.64 dB with the addition of 15 wt % graphene, while the impact strength of the composites rose significantly from 0.59 to 1.13 kJ/m2 with an increase in the graphene content from 0 to 15 wt %, reaching 1.53 kJ/m2 with the addition of 5 wt % C10[VImBr]2. Scanning electron microscopy images of the PF/GNP/C10[VImBr]2 composites revealed a rough morphology with numerous microcracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chun Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Seul-Yi Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute
of Petrochemical Technology, Jilin Institute
of Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Fan-Long Jin
- Department
of Polymer Materials, Jilin Institute of
Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Department
of Chemistry, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, South Korea
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Biodegradable chitosan-graphene oxide as an affective green filler for improving of properties in epoxy nanocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123550. [PMID: 36740127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the effect of biodegradable Chitosan-encapsulated Graphene Oxide (CGO) on the morphology and properties of epoxy composites prepared using solution mixing with different filler loadings. The microstructures and properties of chitosan-GO and composites were studied using FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, tensile, impact, bending analysis, DMTA and TG tests. Microstructural observations confirmed that the CGO composition and its content in the matrix affected the distribution of fillers in the epoxy matrix. Mechanical and thermal tests indicated that the loading level of CGO and the ratio of chitosan to GO were the main factors that changed the strength of epoxy/CGOs composites. The tensile analysis confirmed that nanocomposites containing CGO exhibited a 65 % increase in elastic modulus due to the improved load transfer as a result of interfacial interactions between CGO and the matrix. DMTA analysis showed that the presence of CGO in the epoxy matrix increased Tg of the composite by ~30 °C. In the TGA test, although the introduction of CGO caused higher decomposition temperature of the CGO filled resins. CGO enhanced the final properties of epoxy-based nanocomposites as a result of the synergistic effect of chitosan and GO and the formation of 3-D CGO structures in the epoxy matrix.
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Gatti SF, Gatti F, Amann T, Kailer A, Moser K, Weiss P, Seidel C, Rühe J. Tribological performance of electrically conductive and self-lubricating polypropylene-ionic-liquid composites. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8000-8014. [PMID: 36909746 PMCID: PMC9999252 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00712j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, self-lubricating and electrically conductive polymers on a polypropylene (PP) matrix were prepared and investigated. These properties were obtained by additivating PP with carbon black (CB) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), in combination with a surface active ionic liquid (IL, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium docusate [P66614][DOC]). These polymeric composites are expected to achieve coefficients of friction (COFs) comparable to lubricated systems. Combined with electrical conductivity, these materials could be applied in electrically loaded tribosystems. The COF was reduced by up to 25% compared to that of plain PP, and high electrical conductivity and self-lubrication were achieved. Fundamental differences between the carbon-based fillers in their interaction with IL were investigated with high-resolution surface analysis (TEM, AFM) and Raman and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. By varying the tribological test parameters, the application limits of self-lubrication were identified. It was demonstrated that the contact pressure has a strong influence on the COF. Therefore, this work points to potential applications in (e.g. 3D-printed) bearings and electrically loaded bearings where electrical conductivity and relatively low COFs are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Franz Gatti
- Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, MicroTribology Center μTC Woehlerstraße 11 79108 Freiburg Germany .,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Programmable Materials CPM Woehlerstraße 11 79108 Freiburg Germany
| | - Felix Gatti
- Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, MicroTribology Center μTC Woehlerstraße 11 79108 Freiburg Germany .,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Programmable Materials CPM Woehlerstraße 11 79108 Freiburg Germany
| | - Tobias Amann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, MicroTribology Center μTC Woehlerstraße 11 79108 Freiburg Germany .,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Programmable Materials CPM Woehlerstraße 11 79108 Freiburg Germany
| | - Andreas Kailer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, MicroTribology Center μTC Woehlerstraße 11 79108 Freiburg Germany
| | - Kevin Moser
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Programmable Materials CPM Woehlerstraße 11 79108 Freiburg Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology ICT Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 7 76327 Pfinztal Germany
| | - Patrick Weiss
- Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology ICT Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 7 76327 Pfinztal Germany
| | - Claudia Seidel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology ICT Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 7 76327 Pfinztal Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- University Freiburg, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering Georges-Koehler-Allee 103 79110 Freiburg Germany
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Yang X, Ye Y, Liu J, Liu W, Xiong X, He Z. Graphene oxide as a multi-functional additive for compatilizer, enhancer, and barrier in ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer/aramid pulp composites. RSC Adv 2023; 13:4746-4753. [PMID: 36760315 PMCID: PMC9900475 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07182g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH)/aramid pulp (AP), graphene oxide (GO) was used as a compatilizer, enhancer, and barrier to fabricate EVOH-based composites. The results showed that graphene oxide serves as an ideal compatilizer to reinforce the interfacial action between the EVOH matrix and aramid pulp. The EVOH/AP/GO composite presented the best combination of thermal stability, tensile strength, oxygen barrier, and heat deformation temperature by adding only 1 wt% graphene oxide, compared to those of pure EVOH. Moreover, both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) photographs demonstrated that the aramid pulp dispersed homogeneously into the EVOH resin with the addition of 1 wt% graphene oxide. Our work provides a novel and facile way for producing a prominent EVOH-based composite, which can be potentially used in packaging fields in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineer, Taizhou University Taizhou Zhejiang 318000 P. R. China
| | - Yingying Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineer, Taizhou University Taizhou Zhejiang 318000 P. R. China
| | - Jiayan Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineer, Taizhou University Taizhou Zhejiang 318000 P. R. China
| | - Weijun Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineer, Taizhou University Taizhou Zhejiang 318000 P. R. China
| | - Xianqiang Xiong
- College of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineer, Taizhou University Taizhou Zhejiang 318000 P. R. China
| | - Zhicai He
- College of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineer, Taizhou University Taizhou Zhejiang 318000 P. R. China
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Kerche EF, Kairytė A, Członka S, da Silva VD, Salles NA, Schrekker HS, Amico SC. Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as Compatibilizer Agents for Microcrystalline Cellulose/Epoxy Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020333. [PMID: 36679214 PMCID: PMC9865422 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Four imidazolium-based ionic liquids (IL; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1,3-dicarboxymethylimidazolium chloride and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl) -3-methylimidazolium chloride) were tested as compatibilizers of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Subsequently, ethanolic IL solutions were prepared; MCC was mixed, and the mixtures were left to evaporate the ethanol at ambient conditions. These modified MCC were characterized and applied as reinforcements (5.0 and 10 phr) in an epoxy resin aiming to manufacture biobased composites with enhanced performances. The IL did not significantly modify the morphological and structural characteristics of such reinforcements. Regarding the thermal stability, the slight increase was associated with the MCC-IL affinity. The IL-modified MCC-epoxy composites presented improved mechanical responses, such as flexural strength (≈22.5%) and toughness behavior (≈18.6%), compared with pure epoxy. Such improvement was also obtained for the viscoelastic response, where the storage modulus at the glassy state depended on the MCC amount and IL type. These differences were associated with stronger hydrogen bonding between IL and epoxy hardener or the IL with MCC, causing a "bridging" effect between MCC and epoxy matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fischer Kerche
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Minas, Metalúrgica e de Materiais (PPGE3M), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnė Kairytė
- Laboratory of Thermal Insulating Materials and Acoustics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Building Materials, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, LT-08217 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sylwia Członka
- Institute of Polymer & Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Vinícius Demétrio da Silva
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Nicholas Alves Salles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Minas, Metalúrgica e de Materiais (PPGE3M), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Henri Stephan Schrekker
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Sandro Campos Amico
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Minas, Metalúrgica e de Materiais (PPGE3M), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
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7
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On the evaluation of viscoelastic response of aged PLA/bagasse bio-composites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Tiwari SN, Agnihotri PK. Effect of crumb rubber addition on the deformation and fracture behavior of ductile epoxy matrix. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhendu N. Tiwari
- Mechanics of Advanced Materials Laboratory (MAdMatLab), Department of Mechanical Engineering IIT Ropar Ropar India
| | - Prabhat K. Agnihotri
- Mechanics of Advanced Materials Laboratory (MAdMatLab), Department of Mechanical Engineering IIT Ropar Ropar India
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9
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Manufacturing and characterization of recycled SBR-based composites for surfboard decks. J RUBBER RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42464-022-00172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Ballistic Performance of Kenaf Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173629. [PMID: 36080703 PMCID: PMC9460876 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several industry sectors have sought to develop materials that combine lightness, strength and cost-effectiveness. Natural lignocellulosic natural fibers have demonstrated to be efficient in replacing synthetic fibers, owing to several advantages such as costs 50% lower than that of synthetic fibers and promising mechanical specific properties. Polymeric matrix composites that use kenaf fibers as reinforcement have shown strength increases of over 600%. This work aims to evaluate the performance of epoxy matrix composites reinforced with kenaf fibers, by means of dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA) and ballistic test. Through DMA, it was possible to obtain the curves of storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E″) and damping factor, Tan δ, of the composites. The variation of E′ displayed an increase from 1540 MPa for the plain epoxy to 6550 MPa for the 30 vol.% kenaf fiber composites, which evidences the increase in viscoelastic stiffness of the composite. The increase in kenaf fiber content induced greater internal friction, resulting in superior E″. The Tan δ was considerably reduced with increasing reinforcement fraction, indicating better interfacial adhesion between the fiber and the matrix. Ballistic tests against 0.22 caliber ammunition revealed similar performance in terms of both residual and limit velocities for plain epoxy and 30 vol.% kenaf fiber composites. These results confirm the use of kenaf fiber as a promising reinforcement of polymer composites for automotive parts and encourage its possible application as a ballistic armor component.
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11
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A Systematic Review of New Trends in Ionic Liquids Applied to Electrolytes on Polysaccharides. POLYSACCHARIDES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides3030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are formed by a long chain of monosaccharides, with the main function of promoting energetic and structural reserves for plants and animals. They can be applied as a base of electrolytes, using ionic liquids (ILs) as a solvent base. The study of electrolytes is an emerging field, as they are applied as secondary batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, supercapacitors and chemical sensors. They operate stably under extreme conditions, maintaining their high thermal stability. Furthermore, their low cost and environmentally safe character, compared to conventional electrolytes, have attracted considerable attention in the scientific field. ILs are composed entirely of ions and could be potentially applied as solvents. As electrolytes, ILs are environmentally friendly, and their use in combination with polysaccharides leads to a synergic effect. In the present study, a systematic review was performed of all papers published from 2014 to 2022 regarding ILs and polysaccharides through a search of three databases. Due to the large number of results found, only papers about electrolytes were considered and the main findings described. This study allows for easy identification of the most relevant fields of study with respect to ILs and polysaccharides, as well as the main gaps to be explored in the literature.
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12
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Kerche EF, Neves RM, Ornaghi HL, Zattera AJ, Schrekker HS. The influence of Ionic liquid concentration on microcrystalline cellulose modification. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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13
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Yao S, Wang H, Jin F, Park S. Synthesis of the ionic liquid 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐butylimidazole bromide salt and its application in phenolic‐formaldehyde‐resin‐based conductive materials. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan‐Shan Yao
- Department of Polymer Materials Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin City People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Petrochemical Technology Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Fan‐Long Jin
- Department of Polymer Materials Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin City People's Republic of China
| | - Soo‐Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry Inha University Incheon South Korea
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Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Titica Vine ( Heteropsis flexuosa) Incorporated Epoxy Matrix Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234079. [PMID: 34883583 PMCID: PMC8659021 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Titica vine (Heteropsis flexuosa) is a typical plant of the Amazon region commonly used for making baskets, bags, brooms and furniture, owing to its stiff fibers. In spite of its interesting properties, there is so far no reported information regarding the use of titica vine fibers (TVFs) in engineering composite materials. In this work, the TVF and its epoxy composites were for the first time physically, thermally and mechanically characterized. Additionally, the effect of two kinds of chemical treatments, one with sodium carbonate and one with calcium lignosulfonate, as well as different volume fractions, 10, 20, 30 and 40 vol%, of TVF-reinforced composites were assessed for corresponding basic properties. The thermogravimetric results of the composites reveal enhanced thermal stability for higher TVF content. In addition, the composite incorporated with 40 vol% of TVFs treated with sodium carbonate absorbed 19% more water than the composites with untreated fibers. By contrast, the calcium lignosulfonate treatment decreased water absorption by 8%. The Charpy and Izod impact tests showed that the composites, incorporated with the highest investigated volume fraction (40 vol%) of TVF, significantly increased the absorbed energy by 18% and 28%, respectively, compared to neat epoxy. ANOVA and Tukey statistical analyses displayed no direct influence of the chemical treatments on the energy absorption of the composites for either impact tests. SEM images revealed the main fracture mechanisms responsible for the performance of TVF composites.
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15
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Bio-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foam Composites Reinforced with Bleached Curauá Fiber. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011203. [PMID: 34681863 PMCID: PMC8538972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the influence of using a bleached Curauá fiber (CF) as filler in a novel rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) composite. The influence of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 wt.% of the reinforcements on the processing characteristics, cellular structure, mechanical, dynamic-mechanical, thermal, and flame behaviors were assessed and discussed for RPUF freely expanded. The results showed that the use of 0.5 wt.% of CF resulted in RPUF with smoother cell structure with low differences on the processing times and viscosity for the filled pre-polyol. These morphological features were responsible for the gains in mechanical properties, in both parallel and perpendicular rise directions, and better viscoelastic characteristics. Despite the gains, higher thermal conductivity and lower flammability were reported for the developed RPUF composites, related to the high content of cellulose and hemicellulose on the bleached CF chemical composition. This work shows the possibility of using a Brazilian vegetable fiber, with low exploration for the manufacturing of composite materials with improved properties. The developed RPUF presents high applicability as enhanced cores for the manufacturing of structural sandwich panels, mainly used in civil, aircraft, and marine industries.
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16
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Motta Neves R, Zattera AJ, Campos Amico S. Enhancing thermal and dynamic‐mechanical properties of epoxy reinforced by amino‐functionalized microcrystalline cellulose. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Motta Neves
- Postgraduate Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Ademir José Zattera
- Postgraduate Program in Engineering of Processes and Technologies (PGEPROTEC) University of Caxias do Sul (UCS) Caxias do Sul Brazil
| | - Sandro Campos Amico
- Postgraduate Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
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17
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da Silva TT, da Silveira PHPM, Ribeiro MP, Lemos MF, da Silva AP, Monteiro SN, Nascimento LFC. Thermal and Chemical Characterization of Kenaf Fiber ( Hibiscus cannabinus) Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13122016. [PMID: 34203077 PMCID: PMC8235200 DOI: 10.3390/polym13122016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is one of the most investigated and industrially applied natural fibers for polymer composite reinforcement. However, relatively limited information is available regarding its epoxy composites. In this work, both thermal and chemical properties were, for the first time, determined in kenaf fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composites. Through XRD analysis, a microfibrillar angle of 7.1° and crystallinity index of 44.3% was obtained. The FTIR analysis showed the functional groups normally found for natural lignocellulosic fibers. TMA analysis of the composites with 10 vol% and 20 vol% of kenaf fibers disclosed a higher coefficient of thermal expansion. The TG/DTG results of the epoxy composites revealed enhanced thermal stability when compared to plain epoxy. The DSC results corroborated the results obtained by TGA, which indicated a higher mass loss in the first stage for kenaf when compared to its composites. These results might contribute to kenaf fiber composite applications requiring superior performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuane Teixeira da Silva
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (T.T.d.S.); (P.H.P.M.d.S.); (M.P.R.); (L.F.C.N.)
| | - Pedro Henrique Poubel Mendonça da Silveira
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (T.T.d.S.); (P.H.P.M.d.S.); (M.P.R.); (L.F.C.N.)
| | - Matheus Pereira Ribeiro
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (T.T.d.S.); (P.H.P.M.d.S.); (M.P.R.); (L.F.C.N.)
| | - Maurício Ferrapontoff Lemos
- Brazilian Navy Research Institute—IPqM, Materials Technology Group; Rua Ipiru, 02, Cacuia, Rio de Janeiro 21931-095, Brazil; (M.F.L.)
| | - Ana Paula da Silva
- Brazilian Navy Research Institute—IPqM, Materials Technology Group; Rua Ipiru, 02, Cacuia, Rio de Janeiro 21931-095, Brazil; (M.F.L.)
| | - Sergio Neves Monteiro
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (T.T.d.S.); (P.H.P.M.d.S.); (M.P.R.); (L.F.C.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (T.T.d.S.); (P.H.P.M.d.S.); (M.P.R.); (L.F.C.N.)
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