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Wang C, Zhang X, Nadzir MM, Uyama H, Tang W, Fu D, Xie Z, Wang C, Wang J, Yang J. All-in-one bio-derived poly(L-lactic acid)-based composite with fire-resistance and smoke-suppression performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132610. [PMID: 38788876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The flammability of bio-derived poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) greatly limits its application and eco-friendly multifunctional fire-fighting PLA-based composites are highly desired. In this work, a fully bio-based modified CS (C-CS) and commercially available eco-friendly ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were used as a synergistic flame retardant agent (C-CS/APP) to investigate its effects on fire-proofing performance and diverse properties of the PLA. The PLA/5%C-CS/5%APP composite exhibited excellent fire-resistant performance with anti-droplet, smoke-suppression and self-extinguishing property, and its limited oxygen index enhanced by 37 % (compared with neat PLA). This composite reached the highest V-0 fire safety rating, and its peak of heat release rate and total smoke production reduced by 26.5 % and 68.3 %, respectively. In addition, the char residue yield after the cone calorimeter test increased by 46 times in the composite, indicating an outstanding char-forming capacity. The condensed phase flame retardancy played a crucial role on the fire-fighting of this composite, that is, significantly enhanced char residue (as a physical barrier) blocked the heat exchange and O2 entry, and further suppressed the combustion reaction. Additionally, the PLA-based composite showed outstanding UV-absorption property, good anti-bacterial effect, and increased hydrophilicity and crystallizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Masrina Mohd Nadzir
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Wencong Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Dandan Fu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhanghua Xie
- Tianjin Nengpu Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Huading New Area 1-2-10, Haitai Inovation 6 Road, Huayuan Industrial Park, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chenwan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Junsheng Wang
- Tianjin Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Jinjun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Yu Y, Chen J, Ding A, Wang C, Wang Y, Yang L. Synthesis of a Novel P/N-Triazine-Containing Ring Flame Retardant and Its Application in Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:871. [PMID: 38611130 PMCID: PMC11013841 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To meet the environmental protection and flame retardancy requirements for epoxy resins (EPs) in certain fields, in this study, a novel triazine-ring-containing DOPO-derived compound (VDPD), derived from vanillin, 2,4-Diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine, and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), was synthesized using a one-pot method. Flame-retardant epoxy resin (FREP) was prepared by adding various ratios of VDPD to EP and curing with 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). The curing behavior, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and flame-retardant properties of the FREP were examined in various tests. According to the results, when the amount of VDPD added to the EP increased, the glass transition temperature of the FREP decreased linearly, and the flame-retardant properties gradually improved. With a 0.4 wt.% P content, the vertical burning rating of EP/DDM/VDPD-0.4 (according to the theoretical content of VDPD) reached the V-0 level, and the LOI value reached 33.1%. In addition, the results of a CCT showed that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of EP/DDM/VDPD-0.4 decreased by 32% in comparison with that of the EP. Furthermore, compared with those of the EP, the tensile strength of EP/DDM/VDPD-0.4 decreased from 80.2 MPa to 74.3 MPa, only decreasing by 6 MPa, and the tensile modulus increased. Overall, VDPD can maintain the mechanical properties of EP and effectively improve its flame-retardant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Junlei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Anxin Ding
- Institute of Advanced Material Manufacturing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Changzeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yunfei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.)
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Xu Y, Wang B, Guo Z, Fang Z, Chen P, Li J. Effect of a bio-based copolymer containing lysine, dopamine and triazine on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane/ammonium polyphosphate. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Karlinskii BY, Ananikov VP. Recent advances in the development of green furan ring-containing polymeric materials based on renewable plant biomass. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:836-862. [PMID: 36562482 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00773h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fossil resources are rapidly depleting, forcing researchers in various fields of chemistry and materials science to switch to the use of renewable sources and the development of corresponding technologies. In this regard, the field of sustainable materials science is experiencing an extraordinary surge of interest in recent times due to the significant advances made in the development of new polymers with desired and controllable properties. This review summarizes important scientific reports in recent times dedicated to the synthesis, construction and computational studies of novel sustainable polymeric materials containing unchanged (pseudo)aromatic furan cores in their structure. Linear polymers for thermoplastics, branched polymers for thermosets and other crosslinked materials are emerging materials to highlight. Various polymer blends and composites based on sustainable polyfurans are also considered as pathways to achieve high-value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Ya Karlinskii
- Tula State University, Lenin pr. 92, Tula, 300012, Russia.,Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Ou M, Lian R, Cui J, Guan H, Liu L, Jiao C, Chen X. Co-curing preparation of flame retardant and smoke-suppressive epoxy resin with a novel phosphorus-containing ionic liquid. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137061. [PMID: 36328322 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus-containing ionic liquid derivatives have been proven to be effective flame retardants for epoxy resin (EP). Flame retardants can accelerate the curing process and improve flame retardancy and smoke suppression of EP composites, which is challenging. In this paper, a novel phosphorus-containing ionic liquid (TPP-PF6) was synthesized and used both as a co-curing agent with 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) and as a highly effective flame retardant for EP. It has been found that TPP-PF6 was conducive to improve the char formation of EP to inhibit the smoke release at high temperatures. For EP/TPP-PF6 composites, the flame-retardant performance was enhanced rapidly with the increase of TPP-PF6. With only 2 wt% of TPP-PF6, EP/2.0TPP-PF6 reached a UL-94 V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index of 30.3%. The peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production values of EP/2.0TPP-PF6 were reduced by 36.32%, 45.81%, and 15.1% compared with those of pure EP, respectively. The thermal degradation products and flame retardant mechanism in gas and condensed phases were studied. It was found that TPP-PF6 had flame retardant effect in the barrier effect of the condensed phase and the quenching effect of the gas phase. This work explores the high-efficiency flame retardant and smoke-suppressive structures with co-curing properties for EP, thus promoting the wide application of EP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Ou
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China
| | - Richeng Lian
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China
| | - Jiahui Cui
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China
| | - Haocun Guan
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China
| | - Chuanmei Jiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China.
| | - Xilei Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China.
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Structure and properties of a flame retardant ternary vitrimer regulated by cyclic and long-chain dicarboxylic acids. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ye G, Huo S, Wang C, Song P, Fang Z, Wang H, Liu Z. Durable flame-retardant, strong and tough epoxy resins with well-preserved thermal and optical properties via introducing a bio-based, phosphorus-phosphorus, hyperbranched oligomer. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sun Y, Zhong S, Luo Q, Yu B, Song J, Tan D. A vanillin‐derived flame retardant based on 2‐aminopyrimidine for enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety Zhanjiang Guangdong China
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety Zhanjiang Guangdong China
- College Food Science and Technology Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Qinqin Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangli Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Dexin Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
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Niu Q, Yue X, Guo Z, Yan H, Fang Z, Li J. Flame retardant bamboo fiber reinforced polylactic acid composites regulated by interfacial phosphorus-silicon aerogel. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Qu C, Zhang X, Wang D, Fan X, Li H, Liu C, Feng H, Wang R, Guo K, Tian Y, Liu Y. Residual stress and thermal properties of rubber‐modified epoxy systems for semiconductor package. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Qu
- Institute of Petro chemistry Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Institute of Petro chemistry Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin China
| | - Dezhi Wang
- Institute of Petro chemistry Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin China
| | - Xupeng Fan
- Institute of Petro chemistry Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin China
| | - Hongfeng Li
- Institute of Petro chemistry Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin China
| | - Changwei Liu
- Institute of Petro chemistry Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin China
| | - Hao Feng
- Institute of Petro chemistry Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin China
| | - Ruikun Wang
- Institute of Petro chemistry Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin China
| | - Ke Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin China
| | - Yanan Tian
- Institute of Petro chemistry Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Materials Science & Technology, Ministry of Education Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
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Yang Y, Li Z, Wu G, Chen W, Huang G. A novel biobased intumescent flame retardant through combining simultaneously char-promoter and radical-scavenger for the application in epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Maturation Process, Nutritional Profile, Bioactivities and Utilisation in Food Products of Red Pitaya Fruits: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112862. [PMID: 34829143 PMCID: PMC8618204 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus, red pulp with pink peel), also known as dragon fruit, is a well-known species of pitaya fruit. Pitaya seeds and peels have been reported to exhibit higher concentrations of total polyphenols, beta-cyanins and amino acid than pulp, while anthocyanins (i.e., cyanidin 3-glucoside, delphinidin 3-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-glucoside) were only detected in the pulp extracts. Beta-cyanins, phenolics and flavonoids were found to increase gradually during fruit maturation and pigmentation appeared earlier in the pulp than peel. The phytochemicals were extracted and purified by various techniques and broadly used as natural, low-cost, and beneficial healthy compounds in foods, including bakery, wine, dairy, meat and confectionery products. These bioactive components also exhibit regulative influences on the human gut microbiota, glycaemic response, lipid accumulation, inflammation, growth of microbials and mutagenicity, but the mechanisms are yet to be understood. The objective of this study was to systematically summarise the effect of red pitaya’s maturation process on the nutritional profile and techno-functionality in a variety of food products. The findings of this review provide valuable suggestions for the red pitaya fruit processing industry, leading to novel formulations supported by molecular research.
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