1
|
Sankova MV, Nikolenko VN, Oganesyan MV, Sankov SV, Sinelnikov MY, Suslov AV, Trishina AS, Zharikova TS, Pontes-Silva A, Zharikov YO. Magnesium deficiency and its interaction with the musculoskeletal system, exercise, and connective tissue: an evidence synthesis. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2024; 20:715-726. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-024-01179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
|
2
|
Wang C, Stovitz SD, Kaufman JS, Steele RJ, Shrier I. Principles of musculoskeletal sport injuries for epidemiologists: a review. Inj Epidemiol 2024; 11:21. [PMID: 38802864 PMCID: PMC11131288 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-024-00507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal injuries are a common occurrence in sport. The goal of sport injury epidemiology is to study these injuries at a population level to inform their prevention and treatment. MAIN BODY This review provides an overview of musculoskeletal sport injuries and the musculoskeletal system from a biological and epidemiologic perspective, including injury mechanism, categorizations and types of sport injuries, healing, and subsequent injuries. It is meant to provide a concise introductory substantive background of musculoskeletal sport injuries for epidemiologists who may not have formal training in the underlying anatomy and pathophysiology. CONCLUSION An understanding of sport injuries is important for researchers in sport injury epidemiology when determining how to best define and assess their research questions and measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinchin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Steven D Stovitz
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Jay S Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Russell J Steele
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ian Shrier
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ko SH, Cha JR, Lee CC, Kim MS, Park KB. Musculoskeletal Injuries in Table Tennis during Competition: A Systematic Review. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:267-271. [PMID: 37871618 PMCID: PMC10987229 DOI: 10.1055/a-2175-6509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries among table tennis players and identify their associated risk factors. We conducted a literature search in online databases using relevant search terms related to "table tennis" and "injury". To compare the rate of injuries according to player-related variables, we extracted information on sex, level of games, circumstances of injury, and duration of sport absence after injury. Furthermore, we calculated the odds ratios based on the number of injuries according to variables. Eight articles included 873 professional table tennis players, revealing an overall musculoskeletal injury rate of 3.6% (31 musculoskeletal injuries). The incidence was 10.0 injuries per 1,000 playing hours (range, 0-27.0). The rate of musculoskeletal injuries for female and male players were 3.2% and 3.8%, respectively, and those for Summer Olympic Games, Asian Games, and domestic national games was 4.8%, 15.4%, and 0%, respectively. More than half (52%) of injuries occurred during training, and most injuries (64%) were of a nature that did not cause time loss. This review provides valuable information about the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries in table tennis competitions. However, owing to the limitations of this study in identifying injury-related risk factors, future studies analyzing comprehensive variables are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hun Ko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan,
Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jae-Ryong Cha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan,
Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Chae-Chil Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan,
Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan,
Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Ki-Bong Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan,
Korea (the Republic of)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Iolascon G, Tarantino U, Moretti A. Challenges and Solutions for Musculoskeletal Disorders in Athletes. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:80. [PMID: 35056388 PMCID: PMC8781726 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The etymology of the word "athlete" derives from the ancient Greek ἀθλητής (athletés, from âthlos that is, fight, competition) [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antimo Moretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gimigliano F, Resmini G, Moretti A, Aulicino M, Gargiulo F, Gimigliano A, Liguori S, Paoletta M, Iolascon G. Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Adult Athletes: A Scoping Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57101118. [PMID: 34684155 PMCID: PMC8539527 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Sport-related musculoskeletal injuries (MSK-Is) are a common health issue in athletes that can lead to reduced performance. The aim of this scoping review was to synthetize available evidence on injury incidence rates (IIRs), types, and sites that affect the musculoskeletal (MSK) system of adult athletes. Materials and Methods: We performed a scoping review on the Pubmed database limiting our search to 33 Olympic sports. Results: We identified a total of 1022 papers, and of these 162 were examined in full for the purpose of this review. Archery was the sport with the highest risk of injuries to the upper extremities, marathons for the lower extremities, and triathlon and weightlifting for the body bust. In the majority of the sports examined, muscle/tendon strain and ligament sprain were the most common MSK-Is diagnoses, while athletics, karate, and football were the sports with the highest IIRs, depending on the methods used for their calculations. Conclusions: Our scoping review highlighted the general lack and dishomogeneity in the collection of data on MSK-Is in athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gimigliano
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Resmini
- Centre for the Study of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Disease, Section of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Treviglio-Caravaggio Hospital, 24047 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Antimo Moretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy; (M.A.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (G.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-566-5537
| | - Milena Aulicino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy; (M.A.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (G.I.)
| | - Fiorinda Gargiulo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy; (M.A.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (G.I.)
| | | | - Sara Liguori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy; (M.A.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (G.I.)
| | - Marco Paoletta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy; (M.A.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (G.I.)
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy; (M.A.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (G.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rojas-Valverde D, Gutiérrez-Vargas JC, Sánchez-Ureña B. Sport Readaptation: Where Do We Draw the Lines Between Professionals? Front Sports Act Living 2020; 1:62. [PMID: 33344985 PMCID: PMC7739741 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2019.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.,Grupo de Avances en Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico, Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Vargas
- Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo y Rehabilitación en Salud, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Braulio Sánchez-Ureña
- Programa de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Martínez-Gramage J, Albiach JP, Moltó IN, Amer-Cuenca JJ, Huesa Moreno V, Segura-Ortí E. A Random Forest Machine Learning Framework to Reduce Running Injuries in Young Triathletes. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20216388. [PMID: 33182357 PMCID: PMC7664858 DOI: 10.3390/s20216388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: The running segment of a triathlon produces 70% of the lower limb injuries. Previous research has shown a clear association between kinematic patterns and specific injuries during running. Methods: After completing a seven-month gait retraining program, a questionnaire was used to assess 19 triathletes for the incidence of injuries. They were also biomechanically analyzed at the beginning and end of the program while running at a speed of 90% of their maximum aerobic speed (MAS) using surface sensor dynamic electromyography and kinematic analysis. We used classification tree (random forest) techniques from the field of artificial intelligence to identify linear and non-linear relationships between different biomechanical patterns and injuries to identify which styles best prevent injuries. Results: Fewer injuries occurred after completing the program, with athletes showing less pelvic fall and greater activation in gluteus medius during the first phase of the float phase, with increased trunk extension, knee flexion, and decreased ankle dorsiflexion during the initial contact with the ground. Conclusions: The triathletes who had suffered the most injuries ran with increased pelvic drop and less activation in gluteus medius during the first phase of the float phase. Contralateral pelvic drop seems to be an important variable in the incidence of injuries in young triathletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Gramage
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (I.N.M.); (J.J.A.-C.); (E.S.-O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-617024366
| | - Juan Pardo Albiach
- Embedded Systems and Artificial Intelligence Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Iván Nacher Moltó
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (I.N.M.); (J.J.A.-C.); (E.S.-O.)
| | - Juan José Amer-Cuenca
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (I.N.M.); (J.J.A.-C.); (E.S.-O.)
| | - Vanessa Huesa Moreno
- Triathlon Technification Program, Federación Triatlón Comunidad Valencian, 46940 Manises, Spain;
| | - Eva Segura-Ortí
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (I.N.M.); (J.J.A.-C.); (E.S.-O.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Use of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Sports-Related Injuries in Athletes: A Systematic Review of Case Reports. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218226. [PMID: 33172218 PMCID: PMC7664377 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture is one of the representative complementary and alternative medicine treatments used for various types of pain. This systematic review summarized and analyzed clinical case reports/series utilizing acupuncture for treating sports injuries in athletes, thereby providing the basis for further research to establish clinical evidence on acupuncture treatment in sports medicine. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Embase including MEDLINE up to 21 August 2019 without language and publication date restrictions. Due to the heterogeneity of each study, explanatory and descriptive analyses were performed. As a result, in each case report/series, it was confirmed that acupuncture was applied for treating various types of sports injuries experienced by athletes. Acupuncture can help relieve short-term pain and recover from dysfunction and has been used as a useful, noninvasive, and conservative modality for managing sports injuries such as lateral meniscus rupture, femoral acetabular impingement, ganglion cysts, and sports hernia. In addition, acupuncture has been suggested as a treatment worth trying for diseases such as yips and delayed onset muscle soreness. The included cases showed some potential of acupuncture in the treatment of various types of sports injuries, beyond pain control in musculoskeletal disorders. However, considering that this review was based on case reports/series, a limited understanding of the clinical value of acupuncture in athletes is required. In the future, more specific research questions and hypotheses should be addressed to generate evidence based on experimental research.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sirico F, Palermi S, Gambardella F, Capuano E, Ferrari U, Baioccato V, Castaldo C, Di Meglio F, Nurzynska D. Ankle Brachial Index in Different Types of Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Case Reports. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122071. [PMID: 31779142 PMCID: PMC6947277 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to other peripheral artery diseases, vessel narrowing in popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) reduces the ankle brachial index (ABI). Since the PAES is related to several anatomical or functional variations, we sought to determine if the ABI was correlated with the type of syndrome. Through a systematic review of literature, we identified case reports and series in which the diagnosis of PAES was accompanied by ABI measurement. Twenty-seven studies included in the qualitative synthesis described 87 limbs. The most common types of the syndrome were those caused by an abnormal medial head of the gastrocnemius (type II, n = 35, 40.23%) and aberrant course of the popliteal artery (type I, n = 20, 22.99%). The variation of plantaris muscle (n = 7, 8.05%) is currently not included in the classification system. The median value of ABI was 0.87 (interquartile range (IQR) = 0.6–1.0). There were no differences among types of syndrome (F = 0.13, p = 0.72). In conclusion, despite clinical recommendations, the ABI remains underused in PAES diagnosis. No correlation was detected between the index score and type of syndrome. The cases of PAES involving structures other than the gastrocnemius or popliteus muscle suggest the need to revisit the current clinical classification system.
Collapse
|
10
|
Patel DR, Yamasaki A, Brown K. Epidemiology of sports-related musculoskeletal injuries in young athletes in United States. Transl Pediatr 2017; 6:160-166. [PMID: 28795006 PMCID: PMC5532190 DOI: 10.21037/tp.2017.04.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades there has been increased participation in sports by children and adolescents at earlier ages in the United States, as well as more intense participation and specialization in sports at very early ages. This trend has also partly contributed to the patterns of injuries seen in young athletes, and especially in recent years, injuries previously seen in mature athletes are being seen in young athletes. Overall, the vast majority of sport-related musculoskeletal injuries in children and adolescents are due to repetitive overuse and acute macrotrauma is less frequently seen in young athletes. Epidemiological data on sports injuries are provided by several national surveys. Investigators have used different methods to define sports injuries and the most widely used definition is based on athlete-exposure time. Certain aspects related to adolescent growth and development modulate the pattern of injuries. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology of sports-related musculoskeletal injuries seen in children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilip R Patel
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Ai Yamasaki
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Kelly Brown
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Evaluation of Knee Pain in Athletes: A Radiologist's Perspective. Can Assoc Radiol J 2016; 68:27-40. [PMID: 27681849 DOI: 10.1016/j.carj.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower limb injuries account for most of all injuries suffered by athletes and the knee joint accounts for over half of these. The etiology of knee pain is multifactorial; a good history focusing on the mechanism of injury and the chronicity of pain is extremely useful in correlating with radiologic findings and establishing a clinically meaningful diagnosis. This review article will discuss several important and common causes of acute and chronic knee pain in athletes, focusing on their mechanism of injury and site of pain as well as their salient imaging findings.
Collapse
|
12
|
Nicolini AP, Carvalho RTD, Matsuda MM, Sayum Filho J, Cohen M. Common injuries in athletes' knee: experience of a specialized center. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2014; 22:127-31. [PMID: 25061417 PMCID: PMC4108693 DOI: 10.1590/1413-78522014220300475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The present cross-sectional study aims to identify the most common knee injuries in athletes cared at a Specialized Outpatient Clinics. METHOD: Analysis of patients cared at the Knee Outpatient Clinics of a Sports Trauma Center, divided by gender, age and diagnosed injury. RESULTS: Initially 440 patients were divided into 33 types of sports; after excluding the less statistically significant practices, nine sports remained. The most frequently performed sports were football with almost 50% of total patients presenting anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, and road runs with great frequency of meniscal injury. There was no correlation of the disorder with the type of sports performed but a correlation was found with patient's age/gender. CONCLUSION: The complete ACL rupture was the most common injury found in football, basketball and volleyball players, followed by meniscal injury in street runners. Level of Evidence IV, Study Transversal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Moisés Cohen
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McKeon JMM, Livingston SC, Reed A, Hosey RG, Black WS, Bush HM. Trends in concussion return-to-play timelines among high school athletes from 2007 through 2009. J Athl Train 2013; 48:836-43. [PMID: 24143901 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-48.6.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Whereas guidelines about return-to-play (RTP) after concussion have been published, actual prognoses remain elusive. OBJECTIVE To develop probability estimates for time until RTP after sport-related concussion. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING High school. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Injured high school varsity, junior varsity, or freshman athletes who participated in 1 of 13 interscholastic sports at 7 area high schools during the 2007-2009 academic years. INTERVENTION(S) Athletic trainers employed at each school collected concussion data. The athletic trainer or physician on site determined the presence of a concussion. Athlete-exposures for practices and games also were captured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Documented concussions were categorized by time missed from participation using severity outcome intervals (same-day return, 1- to 2-day return, 3- to 6-day return, 7- to 9-day return, 10- to 21-day return, >21-day return, no return [censored data]). We calculated Kaplan-Meier time-to-event probabilities that included censored data to determine the probability of RTP at each of these time intervals. RESULTS A total of 81 new concussions were documented in 478 775 athlete-exposures during the study period. After a new concussion, the probability of RTP (95% confidence interval) was 2.5% (95% confidence interval = 0.3, 6.9) for a 1- to 2-day return, 71.3% (95% confidence interval = 59.0, 82.9) for a 7- to 9-day return, and 88.8% (95% confidence interval = 72.0, 97.2) for a 10- to 21-day return. CONCLUSIONS For high school athletes, RTP within the first 2 days after concussion was unlikely. After 1 week, the probability of return rose substantially (approximately 71%). Prognostic indicators are used to educate patients about the likely course of disease. Whereas individual symptoms and recovery times vary, prognostic time-to-event probabilities allow clinicians to provide coaches, parents, and athletes with a prediction of the likelihood of RTP within certain timeframes after a concussion.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kraemer W, Denegar C, Flanagan S. Recovery from injury in sport: considerations in the transition from medical care to performance care. Sports Health 2012; 1:392-5. [PMID: 23015898 PMCID: PMC3445177 DOI: 10.1177/1941738109343156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Return from athletic injury can be a lengthy and difficult process. The injured athlete commonly receives care from several providers during rehabilitation. As their condition improves, injured athletes resume strength and conditioning programs and sport-specific activities in preparation for return to play. Until full medical clearance is provided to return to sport and the athlete is psychologically ready to return to play, the injured athlete remains a patient regardless of who is developing and supervising each component of the recovery process. An understanding of and commitment to the plan of care for each athlete, as well as communication among health care providers, strength and conditioning specialists, coaches, and the athletes, are essential to the safest and most efficient recovery from injury.
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Artioli GG, Hirata RDC, Lancha Junior AH. Terapia gênica, doping genético e esporte: fundamentação e implicações para o futuro. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922007000500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A busca pelo desempenho ótimo tem sido uma constante no esporte de alto rendimento. Para tanto, muitos atletas acabam utilizando drogas e métodos ilícitos, os quais podem ter importantes efeitos adversos. A terapia gênica é uma modalidade terapêutica bastante recente na medicina, cujos resultados têm, até o momento, indicado sua eficácia no tratamento de diversas doenças graves. O princípio da terapia gênica consiste na transferência vetorial de materiais genéticos para células-alvo, com o objetivo de suprir os produtos de um gene estruturalmente anormal no genoma do paciente. Recentemente, o potencial para uso indevido da terapia gênica entre atletas tem despertado a atenção de cientistas e de órgãos reguladores de esporte. A transferência de genes que poderiam melhorar o desempenho esportivo por atletas saudáveis, método proibido em 2003, foi denominado de doping genético. Os genes candidatos mais importantes para doping genético são os que codificam para GH, IGF-1, bloqueadores da miostatina, VEGF, endorfinas e encefalinas, eritropoetina, leptina e PPAR-delta. Uma vez inserido no genoma do atleta, o gene se expressaria gerando um produto endógeno capaz de melhorar o desempenho atlético. Assim, os métodos atuais de detecção de doping não são sensíveis a esse tipo de manipulação, o que poderia estimular seu uso indevido entre atletas. Além disso, a terapia gênica ainda apresenta problemas conhecidos de aplicação, como resposta inflamatória e falta de controle da ativação do gene. Em pessoas saudáveis, é provável que tais problemas sejam ainda mais importantes, já que haveria excesso do produto do gene transferido. Há também outros riscos ainda não conhecidos, específicos para cada tipo de gene. Em vista disso, debates sobre o doping genético devem ser iniciados no meio acadêmico e esportivo, para que sejam estudadas medidas de prevenção, controle e detecção do doping genético, evitando assim futuros problemas de uso indevido dessa promissora modalidade terapêutica.
Collapse
|